LCS
LCS
LCS
Projects/Experiments
The Lana Project
First female chimpanzee to be used in language research using lexigram
Trained to manipulate a keyboard
Washoe Project
First non-human to use ASL (American Sign Language) to communicate
Koko Project
First non-human to master ASL
1. Vocal-Auditory Channel
Vocal type of communication which can be perceived by hearing
2. Broadcast Transmission and Directional Reception
The farther you are the harder to hear someone
3. Rapid Fading (Transitoriness)
Human language changes over time
(Good morning – Morning) (Good afternoon – Afternoon)
4. Interchangeability
The speaker can send and receive the same language
(English – English)
5. Total Feedback
Perception and Comprehension of the message
6. Specialization
Humans have specialized body parts that has its own function
(Lips, Tongue, Throat)
7. Semanticity
Every signal has a corresponding meaning
8.Arbitrariness
There is no connection to the meaning of the word
9. Discreteness
10. Displacement
Speaking about things in the past or future
11. Productivity
We can create never-before-heard utterances
12. Traditional Transmission
Language is not inborn, it is learned
13. Duality of Patterning
Words can be combined to form new words
Instrumental: I want
getting things done
satisfying materials need
“I want to drink milk.”
“Excuse me Mrs. J, can you help me with this poster?”
Regulatory: Do as I tell you
influencing the behavior, feeling, attitudes of others
includes the language of rules and instructions
“You must follow all my instructions.”
“First, gather all the materials you will need.”
Interactional: Me and you
getting along with others
to include or to exclude
“Can I please be next after you?”
“Do you like pancakes too, Ethan?”
Perhaps some ancestor had the idea of assigning arbitrary sounds to mean certain things.