A.

Introduction
Journalism is a communication activity that uses mass media as a medium in the process
of delivering messages or information to audiences that are indirect (indirenct
communication) as well as one direction. Along with the emergence of technological
developments in the convergence era, the media also experiencing dynamic development.
The existence of the internet gave rise newsroom changes to always innovate to bring more
news rush to society.
Indirect mass communication experiences degradation communication directly in the
current era of new media. As in social communicaion where the audience can immediately
respond or give response to an issue But in the era of now media, space for provide a
response in the form of a comment column provided by mainstream media that spreads news
via social media. Netizens become the main object that plays a dual role, namely; as a
communicant, the recipient of the message from mass media as well as communicators
provide information in the form statement to the media which in the end is used as a source of
news. In This is where the process of mutualism occurs between the media and netizens. To
fulfill that, journalism need a reporter to deliver the information. To support that, a reporter
must know about reporter technique, news script writing, camera script writing, crew
management and management tools.
B. Discussion
1. Research the person you’re in terviewing ahead of time
a. Find a good location
There’s no shortage of information on Google, but where do you start? If you
know the name of your interviewee, take a look at their LinkedIn profile. From
there, you can dig into their professional background to look for any additional
topics that you want to touch on during the interview. Are you connected by a
colleague? Did you attend the same university? Having a pulse on tidbits like this
can help to establish a common ground and build rapport with a person you’re
meeting for the first time.
If they’ve listed their current company, check out the company website and also
visit the about, FAQ page, and blog for good measure. You never know what will
spark an idea for a thoughtful interview question. When emailing back and forth
with your interview subjects before meeting with them in person, tools like Clearbit
come in handy for filling in the blanks about the person on the other end of those
emails.
b. Scope out a solid location for the interview
Ideally, interviews would always take place in a quiet space with unlimited
coffee, zero background noise, and no unexpected interruptions. But that’s rarely the
case.
Rather than obsessing over the perfect location, try to find a spot that’s calm and
convenient for both parties. If you avoid one thing, stay away from areas with heavy
background noise. Bustling restaurants and busy streets will be a pain to sort through
when transcribing your interview later.
For in-person meetings, opt to meet at the other person’s office whenever they
offer. Doing so might help you gain valuable context for who that person is. It can
also be nice to meet in a neutral location, like a park, library or a local coffee shop.
Especially if it’s not a busy hour.
Don’t have the luxury of meeting in person? No problem. Video conferencing
platforms like Zoom make it simple to interview another person from a remote
location. It even has a trusty built-in recording function. If you decide to video
conference, just try to secure a quiet room in your house or book a private
conference room at your office where you won’t be interrupted.
c. Write down the question you plan to ask in advance
An interview starts well before you sit down across the table from the other
person. You should always have an idea of what you want to ask before arriving to
an interview. Write down 5-10 open-ended questions based on the information
you’re looking to uncover and research you’ve done.
You might use Google Docs, Evernote or a good old-fashioned notebook. Just be
sure to get your list of questions down somewhere. The list you prepare should help
in guiding your conversation, but also be ready to ask follow up questions based on
the way your conversation is flowing. Don’t feel obligated to stick to your list of
questions 100 percent.
d. Use a recording device so you can be fully engaged in the conversation
Choose to recording over furiously taking notes whenever you can. Recording
your interviews will not only help you capture more of what the other person is
saying, but it will also prompt you to ask better follow up questions. You’ll be less
focused on getting an exact quote, and more focused on what the other person has to
say.
 As a general rule, always ask the interviewee if it’s okay to record, and with their
permission set your recorder in a place where it can capture your conversation in
full.
e. Transcribe your recording to make sure you don’t miss anything good
When you give yourself time to step away and then revisit your interview, it’s
funny how little things stand out that you might not have noticed before. After an
interview, review a transcript of your conversation to find the best information and
quotes for your project. You might even discover some ideas for follow-up questions
or additional stories.
Transcription is a tedious process, but it’s necessary if you’re serious about
getting the most value out of your interviews. Depending on your time and budget
constraints, you might decide to transcribe the interview yourself, use an automatic
speech to text service, or hire a professional to do it for you.
Professional transcription services, like Rev, cost $1 per minute and guarantee
99 percent accuracy. Automatic transcription services, like Temi, cost only 25 cents
per minute but the accuracy of the transcript varies depending on the quality of the
audio.
2. News script writing
Creating a news script can be challenging. The news anchors or script will use the
news anchor script, but for all crew members. The script will format news stories into a
format that can be captured into a new show.
One of the exercises you can do before creating a script is to answer these two
questions:
 What is the central message of your story?
 Who is your audience?
You could choose the five most important points of each story as a news script
example. In your news broadcast, you need to keep in mind that you will mention the
critical issues of interest in your story and a limited amount of time. Preparing an
outline that directs your thinking process to eliminate what is not critically important
will be an excellent news script example.
The number one factor in developing a successful script is organization. The more
organized you are, the easier it will be to manage and create a solid script. An excellent
place to begin is first determining how much time you have to deliver your news
presentation. Next, you would decide how many topics you want to cover
 Once you have identified the number of individual topics, divide that number into
the amount of time you have. If you cover five topics and have 10 minutes for the video
presentation, you now have a reference point for an average of 2 minutes of discussion
per topic. You can quickly see that your writing and verbal delivery must be concise.
You can also use that reference guide number to increase or decrease the number of
topics covered. Once you determine the average amount of time for each topic, it is
now time to identify your content.
Keeping things relevant and to the point is critical. You will want to begin each new
topic with an introduction line –a very brief summary of the story. Next, you will want
to immediately deliver only the minimal amount of information possible to get your
point across. When presenting a newscast, you do not have a lot of time to tell a story.
Every second that you record must be accounted for with narration and a corresponding
visual.
To make your script perfect, the video should include graphics. You can also use
stage props or interviews to convey stories in more excellent detail. Please note that the
narration speed should not be too fast; otherwise, the audience might be confused. Of
course, if the narration is too slow, the audience might lose interest. Hence, the news
reporter must speak at the right speed as the program progresses.
A good method to help students better understand news reporting is to listen to
various news programs. By listening to other news programs, you will learn different
ways and styles of expression from each reporter. What all reporters have in common is
that they are highly professional in reading scripts. The cameras are positioned at the
same height as the reporters to appear talking to you directly. You can hardly feel that
they are reading the scripts to report the news.
Most people rely on the default script example to keep texts in sync with visual
effects. Therefore, it is effortless to find examples of the default scripts on the Internet.
Not only can these scripts be downloaded for free, but the website also offers you
almost all kinds of news script examples. After entering the search bar keywords, you
will be allowed to choose your preferred style of the script from the displayed list for
the news script template.
There are three distinct parts in the following script example: time, video, and audio.
The time column contains the duration in which the reporter or news anchor should
spend reading the script. The Video column contains the necessary visual effects and
should be in sync with the script video. A-Roll refers to a specified program or live
program video. B-Roll is usually the pre-recorded video for enhancing visual effects.
The rightmost column contains the audio components.
You can see that this template provides you with some critical information. It
presents the total picture at a glance. You can quickly see how long it takes to read any
narrative section (audio) and what images will coincide with the narration.
Based on this composite information, you can see if the visuals will match the
narrative and change accordingly. You may need more or fewer visuals to stay in sync
with what is being read. You may need to increase or shorten the narrative to make
your video look better. Using a news script template is a tremendous tool that will give
you an excellent feel for how the overall video production will look and sound
before you even press the record button. Your news script template forces you to
account for every second of the video recorded.
3. Camera Script Writing
If you’re writing a script, it’s important that your script is readable. If it’s not, then
the audience won’t be able to understand what you’re saying.
The first step in making your script readable is to make sure that it’s got all the
information in it that people need to know. This means including as much detail as
possible about each character, setting and event.
It’s also good practice to keep the same style of writing throughout your script – if
you use different words or styles in different parts of the script, then audiences will get
confused when they read the whole thing.
You’ll want to make sure that all of your characters are named (and their names are
spelled correctly), that there’s an introduction and conclusion at the beginning and end
of each act (with appropriate changes in tense), and that there are clear descriptions of
what happens during each scene/section within each scene/section.
4. Management crew
Schoderbek, Cosier, and Aplin define management as: A process of achievement of
organizational goals through other people (a process to achieve goals) organization
through other parties. (Morissan, 2008: 127). While George R Terry defines
management in his book "Principles of Management"as a process that distinguishes
planning, organizing, actuation, and control by utilizing both science and art in order to
achieve predetermined goals. Here's a function management according to Terry:
a. Planning, as the rationale for the purpose and arrangement
the steps to be used to achieve the goal. Plan means preparing all needs,
taking into account carefully what are the obstacles, and formulate forms of
implementation activities intended to achieve goals.
b. Organizing (organization), as a way of gathering people and place them
according to ability and expertise in planned work.
c. Actuating, moving the organization to run accordingly division of labor
respectively, as well as mobilize all resources existing in the organization so that
the work or activities carried out can be proceed according to plan and achieve
goals.
d. Supervision (controlling), overseeing whether the movement of this
organization is according to plan or not. As well as monitoring usage resources
within the organization, so that they can be used effectively and efficiently without
deviating from the plan. The essence of the management function according to
Terry is what is directed, that will be achieved. In broadcast media as well as other
companies, generally the position of manager usually consists of three levels
(levels), namely:
1. Lower level manager (lower level manager)
Managers at this level closely supervise routine work employees under his
auspices. Lower level manager responsible to middle level managers. For
example at the station television, a production manager is responsible to the
manager program.
2. Middle level manager (middle manager)
Carry out certain activities as part of the process to achieve main goal of
the company. Middle managers supervise and direct the activities of other
managers and sometimes also operational employees. At the broadcasting
station, the head of the department sales, programs, news, engineering and
business are intermediate levels.
3. Top manager (top manager)
Coordinate company activities and provide direction and General
guidelines for achieving company goals. Special designation for top
managers are directors or president directors.
5. Management tools
If you're a journalist working for a newsroom or media organization, you've likely
discovered that project management can be a persistent, nagging problem. Your team
members miss their deadlines or forget to read/send an e-mail. Perhaps you've had to
remind the same few people about getting a first draft to you...and now you're ready to
print! Or maybe you're a journalist who is charged with helping to plan a training event
or conference, and you're finding more and more logistical tasks that need to be
assigned and completed.
If any of the above describes you, a web-based project management tool would
definitely help keep you and your team organized! There are a number of project
management tools available now, and most of the modern applications aren't aimed at
any one industry. Instead, they offer a wide variety of options to help groups manage
their projects. You can easily specify who is allowed to see and edit the workspace.
Some of the tools also let you see how recently someone logged in, so that you can
track those on your team who aren't contributing as much as they should.
Below are three tools to try:
a. Basecamp
Basecame is a very robust project management and collaboration platform. You
can restrict users to only those you approve and even designate individual committees
or subgroups within the system to further control access. Inside of Basecamp, members
can send messages to each other about projects, create to-do lists, set milestones,
upload and share files and create "writeboards," which are spaces where approved users
can add and edit content in a shared environment. Basecamp is wildly popular among
all kinds of organizations, and it does come with a price -- $24 per month for a basic
plan.
b. PBwiki
You may already be familiar with the term "wiki," which is a simple website that
can be easily created and edited for personal note-taking, creating collaborative
worksites and managing projects and events. Like Basecamp, PBwiki allows group
editing, the ability to upload and share documents and multimedia, document
management, to-do lists and milestones, and a number of security settings to restrict
(and grant) access to others. In addition, you can also use PBwiki to make conference
calls. PBwiki has a free option as well as premium plans.
 c. Google Wave
Finally, the newest collaborative tool available is perhaps one you already know:
Google Wave. Wave is Google's all-in-one social communication service. It combines
email, instant messaging, blogging, document sharing, wikis, and multimedia content to
provide a very robust, real-time communications platform. Wave is free for anyone to
use, but you must be invited by a friend to join. For more information on how to use
Wave click here to download a free copy of our guide.
While these are just three of the many collaborative tools available, keep in mind
that most offer a free trial period before you decide to fully use any service. I would
encourage you to try Basecamp, PBwiki and Wave to get a feel for how they can help
you and your organization.
Amy Webb is a digital media consultant and the CEO of Webbmedia Group, LLC.
She has also launched Knowledgewebb, a new website for multimedia training. You
can follow Amy on Twitter. Webbmedia Group is a vendor-neutral company. Any
opinions expressed about products or services are formed after testing, research and
interviews. Neither Amy Webb nor Webbmedia Group or its employees receives any
financial or other benefits from vendors.
If you're a journalist working for a newsroom or media organization, you've likely
discovered that project management can be a persistent, nagging problem. Your team
members miss their deadlines or forget to read/send an e-mail.
C. Conclusion
In the world of journalism, the internal cooperation of a media has a role which is very
important in producing a news. There is a process in describing a reality that has meaning and
is acknowledged to exist element of partiality in that context.