Assignment One

SEBUNYA JIMMY
210160001 BNS
The Bio-psychosocial model was first conceptualized by George Engel in 1977, suggesting that to
understand a person's medical condition it is not simply the biological factors to consider, but also the
psychological and social factors. Bio (physiological pathology), Psycho (thoughts emotions and
behaviours such as psychological distress, fear/avoidance beliefs, current coping methods and
attribution) and Social (socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural factors such as work issues,
family circumstances and benefits/economics). This model is commonly used in chronic pain, with the
view that the pain is a psychophysiological behaviour pattern that cannot be categorized into biological,
psychological, or social factors alone. There are suggestions that physiotherapy should integrate
psychological treatment to address all components comprising the experience of chronic pain.
Regarding the biological component, I would recommend physical therapy for the student which
physical examination is a very important part of his intervention, essential to be aware that some
findings of clinical examinations such as mobility, strength, neurodynamics, coordination, etc. could be
altered because there is greater sensitivity to mechanical stimulation and modified movement patterns
in patients with non-neuropathic pain of central sensitization. Main goal in this stage is to evaluate the
quality of movement, if the pattern of movement causes the pain to persist and if there is kinesiofobia. I
ask about current or previous health conditions, the disuse of body parts, changes in movement
patterns, exercise capacity, strength and muscle tone during movement, the action of the drug in the
CNS It is useful for data collection.
For the psychology component I find about the student's cognition or perception. Both
influence biologically on hypersensitivity in the brain by activating neuromatrix pain and also influence
the emotional and behavioral factors. Ask about perceptions; expectations of the intervention,
expectations of the prognosis of their pain, understanding of their situation and the strategies they have
available to face their situation, what the pain represents emotionally. For emotions, asking if there is
fear of specific movements, avoidance behaviors, psychological traumatic appearance of pain,
psychological problems at work, family, finances, society, etc. is helpful. Behaviour factors can lead to
avoid activity or movement due to fear, which in turn is presented as physical inactivity or disuse and,
finally, disability. Therefore it is important to evaluate the behavior and adaptations that the patient has
made due to the pain.
For the sociology component, it refers to the social and environmental factors in which
the patient develops, which could be useful and supportive or harmful and stressful for the
improvement of the patient's health condition. The data collection can be divided as follows: Housing or
living situation, Social environment, Work, Relationship with the partner, Previous interventions.
Evaluating the motivation in the patient and his willingness to change is useful to modify his thoughts
regarding the relationship pain-kinesiophobia, pain-disability, and acceptance-catastrophism. For this
purpose, the following scale can be used. In conclusion, the use of the bio psychosocial model as a
clinical practice guide in physiotherapy allows the physiotherapist to be aware of all the factors that
influence the patient's state of health. In addition, learning more on this topic to predict the
development of chronic pain following an acute episode of pain do not relate to any 'biological' factors
such as findings on physical examination, or change on X-ray, but to what are termed 'psychosocial
variables', such as mood, stress and the social situation in which the pain occurs. When pain persists in
spite of medical treatment, as is the case in chronic pain syndromes, the issues become even more
complex. The patient finds themselves in a vicious cycle of pain, which is not solely due to the
progression of the disease (the pathology in the tissues). A person who has pain, especially on
movement, tends to avoid doing things that provoke their symptoms. The person may rest, but
unfortunately, this is not beneficial as it leads to secondary stiffness and weakness, worsening the
symptoms that the individual is trying to avoid. Inability to function leads to a loss of role and self-
esteem. Other issues then arise, which may include financial hardship and strained relationships, side
effects from medications and lack of sleep.

Assignment One

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment One

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment One

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SEBUNYA JIMMY

You might also like