World Lit700

INTRODUCTION-World-Lit.
Literature:
• Definition
 Significance
 Elements
1, Define literature
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. Define literature
2. identify the ingredients literature
3. manifest appreciation on the significance of literature
literature
• is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material.

• most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination
• deals with significant human experiences
Significance of Literature
1. It enables the people to know the history of a nation's spirit.
To understand the real spirit of a nation, one must trace the little rills as they course along down the ages, broadening and
deepening into the great Ocean of thought which men at the present source are presently exploring.
2. It also enables one to express feelings may be through love, sorrow, happiness, hatred, anger, contempt or revenge.
3. One way for us to hear the voices of the past and Work with the present
4. It allows us to interpret our own life and emotions and we find ways to relate to the story so we in turn can reflect.
INGREDIENTS OF LITERATURE
1. SUBJECT - any work of literature is atbout something
3 levels
a. description - gives the subject of the poem on the first level
b. Generalization - drawn from the description
C. Theme - analysis/ examination of human condition
2. FORM OF LITERATURE – vehicle used by the writer to communicate its subject
3. Point of view of literature - angle of vision of the narrator and is classified in terms of person.
a. First person point of view - the central participant may tell his own story . (l, me, mine, our this type is called
first person participant)
b. Third person point of view- the author tells what happens purely in an objective manner
c. Omniscient point of view - gives the author the freedom to go into the minds of the characters and to make
comments.
Literature deals with significant human experiences.
It is classified as to prose and poetry.
It enables people to know the history of his/ her country.. It also enables one to express feelings. It is the way for the
present to connect to the possible future. It also allows us to interpret our own life.
Poetry
• Kinds of Poem
• Elements of Poetry
Poems are literary attempts to share personal experiences and feelings

Things to remember about poetry
1. Poetry is a concentrated thought.
2. Poetry is a kind of word-music
3. Poetry expresses all the senses
4. Poetry answers our demand for rhythm
5. Poetry is observation plus imagination
A. Narrative - tells a story

a) epic - heroic deeds
- a long and narrative poem
- embodies the ideals of a particular group,
- usually appears in the early stage of nationalistic or cultural consciousness.
- heroes are aided by divine or supernatural force
b) ballad- traditionally a folk song and dance
c) metrical tale - narrative poem consisting usually of a single series of connective events that are simple and do not
generally form a plot.
d) metrical romance -a narrative poem that tells a story of adventure, love and chivalry.
B. DESCRIPTIVE -it creates visual impression

1. pastoral- makes use of shepherd as an object of interest
2. idyll- rural scenario but would not have a particular confinement to shepherds
C. EXPOSITORY - generally express or let out emotions with a desire to be felt and understood.
1. Elegy- lyrical type which has evolved
- poet's expression of grief at death in general
2. Ode- ignified subject
3. Sonnet - a fourteen line poem
4. Simple lyric - musical flowing arrangement
5. Song- intended to be set to music
D. ARGUMENTATIVE- A POET RAISES A POINT OF DISAGREEMENT
E. DRAMATIC – meant to be performed on stage
1. masque - wears a mask for the purpose of concealing the identity of the performer
2. monologue - total part of a dramatic composition wherein the performer could assume as many characters as he
can
Shape poetry, or concrete poetry, develops the physical form of the words on paper. So, a poem about the stars would take
the shape of a star (or stars). While the words, writing style, and literary devices impact the meaning of the poem, the
physical shape of the poem is also of significance.
1.POETIC LINE- the basic unit of composition in poems
2.SOUND OF WORDS
a. rhyme -repeats similar or corresponding sounds in some apparent scheme
b. rhythm- is the result of systematically stressing or accenting words and syllables attained through patterns in
the tuning, spacing, repetition of the elements
c. alliteration - means repetition of initial vowels or consonants
e.g. He clasps the crags with crooked hands
d. assonance - refers to a partial change in which the stressed vowel sounds are alike but the consonant sounds
are unlike
Maiden crowned with glossy blackness
long armed maid , when she dances
e. onomatopoeia is a long Word that simply means the imitation in words of natural sounds. Hiss, buzz
3. METER- is regularized and patterned rhythm
a. lambic- its basic unit or foot is one unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable (u -)
u - u - u - u
Whose woods/ these are /I think/I know
4. IMAGERY - more than a visual detail, imagery includes sounds, textures feel, odors, and sometimes even tastes
5. TONE - reveals the attitude toward the subject and in some cases the attitude the persona or implied speaker of the
poem as well.
Much of the suggested power of words comes from figures of speech.

a) Simile is directly expressed comparison between two dissimilar objects by means of the words like, as, or as if
- and like a thunderbolt he falls
b) Metaphor - gives an implied not expressed comparison to two unlike objects.
- Good books are food and drink to an avid reader
c) Personification - gives an inanimate object or an abstract idea or human attribute or considers it a live being.
- At last the wind sighed itself to sleep
d) Apostrophe - is an address to the absent as if he were present or to somebody dead as if he were alive or to
inanimate things as if they were animated
- Mountains and hills come and fall on me.
e) Metonymy - a name of one thing used in place of another suggested or associated with it. It consists in giving an
idea that is so closely associated with another.
- The pen is mightier than the sword.
- I have read all of Shakespeare.
f) Antithesis - contrast or opposition of thoughts, words, or ideas. Contrasting words or ideas make each other
emphatic.
- His body is active, but his mind is sluggish.
- Love is so short...forgetting is so long..
g) HYPERBOLE- Exaggeration for effect and not to deceive or to be taken literally.
- Morning, noon, and night her tongue was incessantly doing
h) Irony - method of humorous or subtly sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the word is the
direct opposite of what is meant.
- It was very kind of you to remind me of my humiliation

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INTRODUCTION-World-Lit.

• is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material.

Poems are literary attempts to share personal experiences and feelings

A. Narrative - tells a story

B. DESCRIPTIVE -it creates visual impression

Much of the suggested power of words comes from figures of speech.

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