Printed Pages: 02 Sub Code: RCA301

Paper ID: 1 -4 I 0 RolI No.

M, C" A.
(sEM IIr) THEORY EXAMTNATION 2017-18
(}PERATII\p SYSTEM
Time: Sfiours Mgx. Marks: 70

Note: Attempt all Sections" Assume missing data, if any.

,a

SECTIqNA

1. Attem pt attquestions in brief. 2x7 =1,4

a. What are advantagss of spooling over buffering.

b. What do you mean by thrashing?
c. Yfhat is a lmy srvapper and how it is used?
d. Differentiate between global and local page replacement.
e. What is the difference between hard real time and soft real time operating system?
f. What do you meau byVirtual Memory? Discuss in short'
g. Describe the difference between short-term scheduting and long-term scheduling'

SECTION B

7
aa Attempt any three of the follorving: 7 x3:21
a. What do you mean by Kernel? Describe various operations performed by Kemel.
b. What do you mean by critical section problem? Write Peterson's Solution to solve
this problem.
c. What do you mean by Inter-Process Communication? Explain fundamental
models of IPC in details.
d. Find the page fault for following reference string (for 3 frames and 4 frames)
,'iog rtFo, LRU, MFU and optimal page replacement algorithms:
1, 2, 3, 4, 1,2, 5, 6, 3, t, 3, ?, 4, 5
e. What is the concept of deadlock? Discuss the necessary conditions for deadlock
with examples.
SECTION C

3. Attempt any onepart of the following: 7xI =7

(a) Explain the structure of an operating system. Also discuss various components of
an operating sYstem.
(b) What do you m€an by monolithic and micro lithic kemels?

1lf a&*
4. Attempt any orre part of the following:
7xl*7
(a) Describe Banker's atgorithm for safe allobation'
i*u*""6 tilne and waiting'time of following with the FCFS
O) What is tha average
and SRTF scheduling algorithms?
Process Arrival time Burst time
P1 0.0 I
P2 4.4 4
P3 1.0 1

I
Attempt any oncpart of the following:
a
7x =7
5.
sotutisn to this problern using
(a) Describe the Producer-cou$lmer problern. Provide a
semaPhores.
solution to solve
(b) what do you mean by critical section problem? write Peterson's
this probiem
r -ial- r^,^-.s--:
the followtng: 7 Xl=1
6. Attempt aray oilo part of

\-'
(a)Findthepagefaultforfollowingreferencestring(for3framesand4framgs)
using FIFb aoA mU page re'placement algorithms:
l, 2 3.; 1, 1,2; 5, 6, 3, l, 3, 2, 4, 5
or not'
Discuss whether Belady's Anomaly exists here
(b) Explain the concept of segmentation with proper diagram'

7 xl=7
7. Attempt *ny onepart of the following:
(a) ,Descfibsth€ mcmory msnsSem€ot an! file system for LINUX operating systeul
regpect to file system:
Oi Discuss the following with
(r) ConsistencY Checting
(O Commonfileattributes
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 Page No. _ __

Date

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 Page No.
Momar Managtn t t
Date

Meno Managm ent iu tha proceA oCordsum

omd codimahina Computn mum imnimg ahers Caled
blou vaninus w m gnams o tpdimiz e oveel systum

Mumo manaament maimu Cemceuned wh na

allatatiem o main memm a auusting ote No 0dan
cetain omeunt memoy located te
Wa An buse a o

ahe
ive Yequirtmerts o memm manaaument
Relocatien:
Rdocakon a fmd a way e map unh a lodel rehs
mdephysio oddxt
load d a n m a u nmunmtSihte hexe
utem a pdctb
irtwuhtu insideA h e errocs
s hae addres s Me
a e SaL
o xdocataba adde
dire intruN inside he
cenuatd intp autua ddsos loda in Sea
whdh ans

2Shauna lexibik
eteion
medhanim ma hae
P
auces h e S a e .
Seuaprotuses te
A alou
mumar

3 Pgteuh'en

allotatd te t .
Utceima muman t a t haj ngt blen
prstut agasmt nwayctsd nty u n a b y
Eu adtesShaalo.
ths oced

4 Legcal ganigatisn ne-dumenstmal

0domnd a Lman a
mimaT
mima xwds.

eSeutme o b t u
hat cermdetse
Spare
 Page No.
Dalte T
eLemday mummy st ik hysital l w s Sîmilal4
oganigdinte maduules
d . Mt ha pragaams a

5 Physital Oganigatien
he Cempuutu wman 0rganzAd as mdln miraon-
orrod Sc.cerda muma m a i s mumor poisls obsta u s

Haueatha seterdas mumon a k o a ubut san Adad f

Amg tkam SAbragwth lang lasauay

Addrs bimdig
Addru binding R the oC s mapping h atngas
Aogatak Nstal oddrea pendimg phusitalsmaun.
mLma oddusea
Adkimbinoing paroCatia mem manaqunet
d s piaorOd b e eptakmo tum n behale e
plelitdSea that nad a u s mtmo
nstuhmard dat to mem- O0dsis am

olon n ullauung waysi

Copde tm:
uhen t naun at cple Ame swhuu cs
ww KaideLrmpale khme bindina ued tgentate
nate he
abseute code
Lod tere:
n it no Eran at Cmpile bome h he
poc | u , rAide i n mumon hun eabidenunuatu
suocadble Coole
Cachen iei
the
eots can be. mved duiq i xeutin fem
6r mumany stnd anatho thm bindrg muat be dilayd .
be don
 Page No.
Date

Dynamic loading
Bupamin loadina e mabpin on xeutable
Bna AS apCUA mumon altu ' haß stated n dpnamic

b na mgam.
mamic l0adinq maku btta muman spaceuiganm
ARd Mimu aN nw Joadsd Ok _s u m-
Jana ou Codaau hudsd o handde intreutntly
OCCuiaCas

make 1Linking
Linkin h poc Calleina ard Cobimng
Ja ousmacdulA Code ard data inde a exeatabe pde hat Can
b laaded in mtm and exeutd. 0S Canink sust em lu
lubranitte argka
load. tmethe k g
hun it CAmbinus the bmiu at
and Linkicq dene at the
Atallastadu Linkmg t e n thi

Ovlaa
Oyalays
aVem hme whn athua.
nd data that a heedis_ at an
dhuy aM oadtd ihte Space rat uas
hat uns
huded,
INtxuuh'ens auu
uhednganesdad.
mtrucS'®rsnat
-0cupisd reuios

Swaig it ble p m totul s i a l addsea

Swdping mak fphysial mamay
Space all ocus k kLed me r l
he Sutum-
Aasustim
 PageNo.
Date|

Logital VS Phyaital AddrusSpace

Lagital addrus Aace A S o all Lagtal addrs
unatd mglamfhugital addre space ua Sut a
pstal_addsuna careaesmdimg t hese Aagal addnss
Loataaddrm A qatnatod b ceu fhusiak aldrs
aadsd.rth main ma nd it Loadd inder ha
main um m addrusr ta.

QCoraid e a lagta adldrtsace a uight fagu o lo

d azh maeed ma a phypical um o 32 famas eni
Ha oany t a n dogtal adda
Hoemany ta inthpial addr2
Sal e Jegital addxa split inte Aue fparti
h adldr and h nS t
Paau adldses 3 aalodrs utA
oFfSet loy= 2 = l e add rus bita.
Tata B addrus bt
phaita
hsial addxos uspuik inde AuC paut:-
he f e r addres ard fhn ofset
a n ecoldrua= 32 2 - S addros bita
=lo oddrus btA
sek lo24
Tatal =_lS aold us bit

Hola inMUm fatihnimg

he os kee a tablee inditatmqushithpart mum
ae auailable and shih ae ocupid. usialeall mim
availatlekc pocuuard. s caidud sr a back
aailabl mem Enam h a l e . whun a patomumgy
A ocupid a t nd let 1ut s e mumy a
noun ai hale A holaan be rutdushn a pec»
Coltd and aaues he mon
 Page No..
Date

here
hee a Aug Mana umnt technigues Ceytiguae and
NOm Cond quLasA
Sn Comdiguas tuhnigu exeutmg o a muE

JaadsanYuy maim -mumer Contbiguas Techmp

be duida inte
xdStadic ahdenim
2 Vaiable/ dipais eantikusn8-

fxed stahic anshienug

ino a Set nen-velaphurg
mmc
Pantitm mo
pautihon. fxed pashAo can be e
muma Ttarisu cald
LALa untual Siyts.

Poram
Pronam
hole
foqam3
Prropo 2
oqaom2
rognam 1
hol
frgamno oS
OS

P a h onung
2) Vaiable Bumama andpaahhend a hads
RAM mpty
Iritiall e t e s 's hud
iNtead
un-ime akording
dusina, e a barnditra Sine
ttm toiguY
arss'enemg dusimg
Ka aSen Sha
testa
in thming he
u be e4ual
he a t A AG had
ke h NLLd ovcrt.
Vani actordm avádaol
avddiad A9 tuare
Ao r u
hagmintaki en- Can
n b
be
itnal
URiaadhn q RAM.
ut
 Page No.
Date L
DynamicMLman Altabons teshnugue
akk. bat jk ard u l t p t an the ha
ommem trakeai ta Ad kor sdet a fu halu fom
*hest o avaidable hedu.
fat
n hu
pYst_ fE apoah i allasate thuat
u putNm _ty hole lane maigh uhudh_can atmedate

panhim
26 6t
Tha btuk f* deals with alo cahmg tha smalleut
fre patitm hith meh guirennt o th rguaty-
dorota i algaithan ixakStauhes h sntir iat ofru
anbKema ond cmaiduy smallut hale hat Aadeguuate.
* tiu amd a hole ushith u dee touuual s

sig udd

foee btm se a t tme poiien att wi be bige nogh

Omtcuna fameataben
BE Sahog rdatu te id Sig baathihimamgTeAtum-

*haninh Small loc a. egired ths progaam Hou

movenn unon A adocated S d m u thami heded btha-
proc hchtAtmAal Oult n excus memdy qmgwaata
 Page No.
Date

extenal ngmntat'en
h e main memon omahedubctuweunipo0 Aior alotocted
M a t 4 kre Small e holdQm
men07 hat Adaords
Mero aoCes
oSaaotadem algarttna wkn Lamtiqueu blotka
Wmuseod
Apace mat S a hu YLuut beause na Sp 0ks
a ue Smalu aa mam0r aplslitahi en need
Sime
tuum, ha nm cenioeLs loces CxLoake
m o n Tu mq in rustd sttn hat ana utaide
h a aLocated raien manumq it annat b d alema w

nd up inq iielated ard Canmot beitetally

Uminatd frem th memanyspae Th ald exturoal
aqmemctatiem. 2t an b UmavedbCempathien uhuch Shuy
Comtnt tha memanp do place all ra muma h-

vm Mumen bankhen oo K Sook 2o0 k 300

Ond 60 k in du. Ha wodd tash e afrat pkz

but tt and. woat pt algonthim pace erot
u k 12 t and y26 K 2 outh alaonthon mau
mot utt e mum -
Mumom
212k
41

26 K

Stats tuna
TAmdben
Papief

S6 K f
200 K
3 K fre
Go P 163 K
odtuatailale. 100k Tonl sed941 k
 Page No.
Date T

mPa Proc Mumor 9,nttna

DAUmbe. RRgmustd tog mantnten

41 83K
uL
Poo k 12k 6u
300 K 212k
Soo K fy 26 K
Tota auoila.ble1200 Toca sed 1|6)k
wWorat St
Mimam muman Sahus tunma
Nba Ragpautd
loo k
uu 3k

6 00K P

Tota auailale ! no0 Tota ediE4 k

Buk * alaontha akes mAt uut ise a
uen be.couimts a lu ocusea a alaatd
with im a indinalfagmatat on

Poai
PaninaA
mimomt managuntntSthume that
Jmimatu he_heud o Coni quaus allotahen o Aphupital mumony
ha suhuna pumib the phaital odd.rs space oa roces
b_nem- Contigueus fagina avads xtuuna faqmintahen
amd dhe need ur e a m.
Logital addro An addce onated bu bhe Ceu.
Logial ald-con apceTe Stt o allAogital oddrtst
umdated. b a pogam.
Psital addes: ooldrus o ctallaNeuale on memy-
Mnt
hpital addre» spae Ne sut o allphysital oddra
Corperdirg r * lagital aoldroses.
 Page No.
Date

Phyaital
addko5
frame
Ceu

ehysita MUm
Page able

The mapping f e m vixtuas ke physial aadreau u

u t uhich is a hardua
da ye mmon mamaqument
n i mapeng. saum aspagiss thngne
otce ad
addruApace conceptmally diuided
fhiysical
inde a umbu ehxd-sigu blocka called hamu.
addxus ace alse splitd inte
eqital
pxsd- Siz lotks Caleoeag-

laq, eTMT
Pag fasult n_a prgnam TGUUA
An intembB hat OC s
dao
amd L t a d itint_RAM An invalid pag4
withaa meman
OS Conmotprd
ha dataan A l a i memm -
faultocna n an accs A_apaga
A pao
bun_ brmght _main mumomy taks SaLL.
thak
hakhas no
 Page No.

Date

Sttps m handlimg. þaae. fault bp ouatinq &uti

bating SJove2

o O a t q Euuttm

)BmAY
R Pagt sing
able
wta

Samentad'en,
Seqmentahon s amuman manaqiennt Scheme h t
Suea h pePanero viue mmmyA Lagitas aodro
sace a calle.uhon Sqmints &ath se4mbitiha a
name amd a tntn
k eaddstsSpeu both thu Smet hamu ad ha
sawihin u Stgaant h erbgaamm huxejase peupta
Lath addrt Aue uaaddu Smnt rame and.an

TOrSimliud o implomtnhitn Stqntna a humbud

Onda xeerrd kr Stqmt hunbe Sumint nunde
indexe a. t o Amnttasle. Lach n t im Stgmunt able
a aStapmen base ad Stpmuot Lmut. Sepmnd base
Conan h phgsitas addrus shua sqmut rsidu in
 Page No.
Date

S ntaden s a memo m0nagmnt tchnirÁA

nuh the mimonL diu'dsd inde vaiable. sg pat
Cauh pat a kaaana Stoment shih canbe allataked
T detaiisabateachSAqrnt an Stored
aro.
n asle calld spant table.
S *
ale |spokrg

Sgr
Sget 2
GPU-
Seqd 3
Leqtal
add ros

Phyital Addrus
aee
No

na aolalerts

S ntodin Paging
D_Progam divided mte
Vaniable Sigu S n t n t .
se 1up l
duiding
i pogom int Sm dividing -

oninatuintthnal
9 t aat dorats intumal
agemiontadon.
antah'tn
an imngutu eXttmal
tant ininatu Xtnal
apmntadem.
ementabiom. it f
a
0S nantains a ut s fseD OS maltains
ama
naduan mmont
 Page No.
Date

irhal Mm
_Cmputu canaddrusmaa mum.y than the
otuthyitally inBalltd m_th syttm TR eXta.
a.ctalu Lald virtal meman ond Aa.
Selhie a had duss h a s set as A tnulate the
Comautuws KAm
m o i n 0datag a schume that
Ptna Can b anan ahan phaiil mma Uinhal
mmm Seaans_we purpabea xAt it allauss ttrd
xhe use phpita m udna disk Sacendit
alaa Ms A haie md rAte.ch anbeaR Rach-
addcis t0dated aphypital addr
Vixtual mumm O munny mamaquatmt Cababidihy
m 0S that uu handuana and saltwar. ollo a_

ut*oCampussat o phsita memmy shentag.by-

tuparaniu taexnrg data fem RAM A dusr aturcqu.

vi(Amal Addres Phpital Addrus

A
C

E 8
16k 16K
20k
24k A

SeCerdo Memmy
 Page No. -

Date

&umand Pagin4
poge inte mamon an
he

dumad wndmeHA a4L auule ocws kEnaun a dim ad

pagng
u
-

Pyoc cPU tries oreya a saqu tnat 1

man m t a n 9ntnatean
m auajlable o he
os
inurmpt dmditatima m a m a n arLess tault
MteTntrdpotd i a blakimg.
Steate. fos fha exeuson-
tmmg th rguirtd
pag i t e

hereguise d
adores Space
fromdaptasadglvusSpace

Pa will be bought
ppitaL addrus skaca Thu faa table wu pdated
ta he ceu
T Sigmalwil be stat
autematical placs
exeuKn ad it wu
e_cennue kha magAam
roc ba ine ready stake.
he

Sunp oG
A

Poanan SUuain

Secerda Ctraa
 PageNo.
Date

Pag Re lazement Algoerithom

r A an fut Out CFiFo)
A FLEO rpoument algithm asaciats wth ach
a u ameuhm that paquwa brouaht inte memory
whn a m u t be ploced he oldut paqLAheltm
cam cxtate a ffo gue held all paga suma
th hAAd atha u s h na
boght mte meman, ,we insut a t he tail a

Qophmal Replaceriat Algonthm

p t n a l 4&l sdet j r replactment that ag..
r ukith he tme e tha h t rtunte s thelsngut
p o 1tplaatnent algorihm hai tha Aauut
page
Aapimml
a l algorthma. TK algonthm s inpale
aut
ault rate
w o l d Ttguixethe puatng yatsm
n p l m i t becaue
h a u e puct noldq
utt n

3
U pag Teplactmet
as
we sethe TecLt at
hanot
uture hn o o Teplace the paau a t
u
he
he nean
hean
theAnguk penod s me
bLin
bLum ed Ja sed LAU) algo
h the l a t restntly
 Page No
Date
Cenido th nuina
2,3 tenua t n
4,S, 62, 23 2, 6, 3,21,2,3,
DLV
agaTeplaumeut alermm
o namu in ach ase ad
famu aaikallu uty
So EIFo

3 3 3

3
Po Fault 1
ams

s s
2
3

afaults=1
 Page No.
Date

LRu -pagareplatemnt algithm

3d m
3

3
6
2
3 3

Pag fauls- I S

3 3 3
3

2 3 3

faa tault= 10
 Page No.

Date
oahin
Thiaahuna OGLAna hun a yaten Apends more hma.
n atebmg aqjauty aina h a nexuuting inruuhon

hnashina aCoapastn attiuih that maka Lte

0 USuall ma napptm due e onited raancas a
xhaaken minor a i s s shem a paa faukt ocu
Paaault asuse mmma CL uiszUal mimm-
pace ats nat ap e Cntiat RAMn.

CPu be Cemesidle..
2 Decseaing-
Deceaina h uiligatiem incxtats e alegmaa emulbaam

eanea ultprOgawn

Apc hnashing4 Stndung maeme

in agkna haexeudien ThndhUma- diste phtunmnamn
Thrain4 bu Sappmya4 amdmd. oat r dama me
 Unut-S
Bage No.
T/o Mamagumment Dik Shedulin
Dak

I/o dwicea an he callechon inteapaces that dilrnt

CoMmumak Awih auh amen

npt a u si9cals eceived the unit _and
0uttputs ane h esipoals d t t f m t l o deuicedi au usid
by n e Cemmumitate wit a Cmput

Cakegeia 1 o duics ai
DAwman readablei
3 Suihble tor Commumicatmg wth n eComputu
x - fintus kuyboard

Mauhin Readable
Suitable Commmumitatim, nth otrenic

e kond abe dave, Atnboa,.

Cemmuunitanon
Suitas t tommnitarg. uh imate.

dwi X Mal driuus mademu

Jachndpus rganegabion o /o tundhen

D Fragrammed T/O
nqnammaa Tlo takes placeundtn dixect contrel
CPU CPu i>ues Cemmano nbuhal
pbC I l o module. CPU thn wuds ok ha
areaacerdrg
spuatim de be Capleted

ntempt dven I/o

dn hu cPu u a mmand enhal o
on o maduule the 1/ointndom
pxoc next
nm blodemg ceN Conhnuu e execute
inhyotden fem he Same emc
 Page No. -
Date

the loinruthbn otkim Os daku oU

Suspdthe u r t pocbamd. asig CN A8_anshu

3Divett enmony AcA (bmA:

DmA module Cenhs exthanaa daabehw sn
um ad an Llomodude CPU Stnd a tmust e
ran n a lock datu h a DmA madule and -

indemuad sn at hu nde bleckhas bun transdexxed

A bu a a Tpsr mumy Aad . mpma

ndd data shide i t humq meved tem r a place e

amethen
A buA memm aa.ea that stru dat buim_
ransered bekueen hue devica _o bttJun adeuica and
aeitadhon. Buing i doma te cop witha
aprd

adth beA un th mou and coum s a olata

Sream
peideadaptaaers ordwi thathave
BAuN
dinat da r a n a j siguA

Lo bueung techigutA
Singte butwg
a buh in heSyakempoifen o main memy-
thopenaen.
The fuhni gue con all ou4:
be bed as

nput dronaiN a u made to tha Syttm u

bluk-
wh t h u enJth A_Commplte ha pr0tt mova he
Ta i Cald
in u spaa d iguut msthu blouk
 Page No.
Date D
aduma ahtad i t dena nhe expeitachen hak
h blok wilL be heedkol Sometme in utxe
T apardah 09un.uall ovida a Spted up
Conpaned he lack o Stem bufiiq h 0
mtKeep atk the airmint o tha tum
bu u a procue.
OS Usea pygtas
Tlo deuice Tn Move

2 Double b im
A aammuma tethmiqme that usuAue
e s h u e d u p a cmputa that ton ovelop Llo
uh oceima Data ih e u a bting a a d d
L me nex t o dataii s Tad ine he efhe

S Use rOceM

Tlo On Move
deuice

3 run buhing
hen_mareham_Awe buny a Lsed ha Cellechon_

bu itsy callo irculan b n with ach

nt h a ixulan bu
b u n ung
oma

Move
 o sps4 Page No.
Date

Seuicesxovidud n Kumel o Subayuttn

DTlo scheduln
&ing
Camg
Sporelug
Eror hentlumg

Nueus 8h disk Schduk algonthms

1ECESsche.dulng ChiatCorm ixat Stu
2SSTE Sdhteduulumg hstut S u kTiore hirat)
3SCAN sheduu
AA he name uaautsdhis alanthm scans all Ha
induu disk batk and osth Head stats tremn
Gm rd a he disk and move uwands ha othan n d
Svium a _ e 1tguus
Saviumq, in buboten. AtuTahm
ne eth end had ruers i disechen and mve
wads he Stansng
end Suuiung all the vequuts
n bhuem ha Sama rocep r a t
alue alld a uatos Alanthm.

CSCAN Schedubrq Crlar -SCAN)

an impoved vusim SGAN alaundhm. Htad
Staatskrem m d he disk ard move oudards tha
othe te suuiug a h guuts in butwun At
YAAchma otnu tnd hud weei direthen. 4t then
vdnaethe Stanbmatrd withautt Suviurg a
Teguet n buum. Sa pocerata.
SLOoK Scheduq
Head S Aats trem ha IAt veguat at s rd
he disk and maua danda ha lak Ttaut at me shuL
 Page No.
Js Date

endSAUiumgile tauut in berwzunHtu Rahm

hela TequLta at t hex end
hadrevei IRs
disciom.t anTtums A the kiatixeguu at
fha Stanima nd suuiug o hi reguutA un beuwaun
SameSame proce xepat

Numui as
fcFS Schedubng

Suppose ae moNg hud dusk wh 200 ratka a

CuntlySeavmg a requto Arack 43 and ha just

ASkt im Eifo orda 36143 199y iS. ushat

AsAetalhradmNmeat dha qalLuting sthedug
FCPS
1 1Hq9 ISo
36, 14
madstaat = Y3
93 So
36

(Y2-86) + (1y24) +
Totl diasance =(43-86)+
(9-9) +(122-44)+CISo-2)
39
 Page No.
otsd Date

had o movimg dusk s cLsintly

Suppebehe
Suviuma a regust at Aratk 62 dea proca
Coruide
Tuubng tuYtad fmt allung trat -

66 65, 32120 12 92
Gue 66L6S 3 2 0 12 142
Se
head atart = 62

32 62 66 2 42 6S
1

Tutal mtad. movemmt-(66-62)+6S-66)*C6S-32)+

(2o-32+Cl20-)+ 2H
S62 --

SS TE Schedubmg

Gbtaua dhe etal Mumbea a head movementsheedede

SGANSaiay ha jolang Scqutnce hak rgu tah
SGAN

the_hue poluu 27121U0186, 14 4 1o 642o

Amums hat dit head init'alk poaidensd oVta tatkloa
amd moumg n_diredben decxeasmg4 TacknumbA
Se head Chot= 1o
L =2 12, 10, 186, 143 , 10, 64, 120
21 C (2 14 86
 PageNo.
Date

Toal htad mavumd= (100-6) +(CYD+1-27)+ 27-19

+0-+(lo-0)+l20 -11o) +(21-2)

= 286.

AP the movmghud diat wth 200 hatk u

Sanimga equut tak 3 aasol oA t
L-SCAN
pnimd _a requu.
u A ki in FiFo odu B6 4 91129, 11
hat t t u hradmevement er SSE Shedulumg
So hLad staat =193
muL 86, 14+, 1 194, 94, So

2S 43 4 S

(IS0-4+19-1So)+
terta had movemunt=(13 - 143)+
7- (26-0) t @1-$) + 1-1)
30S

S u p a e the heed amevng htad

dis Usmtly.
a equu* at tatk 6 (eruiclu a4foces Tegttrg
Savitng
hem the jollowng aks 66, 1S, 32, 120 12142
9 ad
h S S T E._

So hud stat =_c2

12142.
QML 56 6S, 32 ho
 Page No.
sts3 Date
62 66 42 S
32 120

tsnl ad movemmt= 66-62)+66-32) +(32-12)+(20-12)+

42-120) +(16S-142)
21

3 ScAN Scheduurg
 otsa PageNo..
Date

a i e Suutum tguista Son&inrmatom shla hactb.

d i a k dividd inde numbe a paaiders the
oeuatngSttum Ststd in ha pxAt pah m.
he dar dunk_does noet _Contaio an 0S
his block co be mpy A calzd baretblak-

Bit Vutos
YA Space Lat i2 implmtnted ds a1bt me
orik ve Ldtor .ach blouk pAtmtd y b u t 4
he block aS tre the it A4he bdock_u

allotatdthe t so
o ex Consdur a disk uShana blotk 23 4s,8 i
o,1)1213,12 8 25, 26and 22 a ft ond 1ut

n a blacse alocatd
The fse-space t map wuld be
_oo 1 ) )o o LLLLo o o o oo ao oll|6o

LinkedUt
Anethea apooadh e fru Spacemanag t 0 Jmk
tegutha all he treedust locks keepna a o t 20 dha_
IAt tre loc i n a staual lotoen on he diuk ad
Cothingit i n mamony pat bloukCentni a patn
9 t h e nxt ree disk_ blocks and se

free-a
 Page No.
Date

Sreupingmediotatien o Lst appovach s t s he

A-
addreta o n fte blocks n hafrst blatk. h
iu h u blatks u a u a l u fu e daut
bosk Contains ha addxta s mohu n fra blotk and
Se en.he addrusu oa lan94humba o free black

Camnos be eund gtk*

RALP
RALD ands oRadundant Any n cxpunave dissa
Suhien ua latta inder xetd Rdumdant Aray
ndpndent Dista u technelag, nos Aseo m a l m e t al
he 11_Oxqartunaden Aoo Fna o data rudundaney amd bttn.
pomance * Comiht mulsle avaloble dia int 1
or mloqital dive ard ves yauuthe abilty de uuuive.
n m r e daiva taulunes detndianq u e n the RAid dwel

th dha inutasima dumand m_ha Stuage. ad daa

wosdd wids me pmme Cenctnm s m a ovganzadenA mam
uands Ma Ssuuty h i xd a n : M e tum scumh das
seund tom Vulmuable attacks athu than
Bem hard disk a i m e r d any Suh dwant audn uehih
Can Aead ke dutucdn data.

DRAID 0
Th Luel Stnp tha data inde mulhple avalable
drivsuaty qiing vy gh Tead ana wnte sarmarek
u u i n g m a u t oltance orTedundanu This luel
d not pr0uudeso he KAIDatos OndCamnot be
Cesidud in am orqonagaheNlos Emq tur urdane inatsad
it paend uhuu hgh kamamce gixs
 PegeNo. .

RAID O Date

A A
A3 Ay
As A
An As
RA 1
h Lu posmu mimma a daian_dauve
Adnuk2 10oy. idurdasaa ana
Cohnu s 0 wn uthendiuk dadsSo_
Oqaiatim loetna jer bttn ndundanC t
h s S udmut Colt can beur acr
RAD 1

A
A
Ar Az-
A3
Ay Au

RAID 2,
R Awel AAses bit- luwel data stipng 2amenh a n .

block lwel,__Te be able Ae RAID 2 make Sue.

dusk
en_chcibina mehanNAm_ 0
disk sele,.dd ha ne se
e r diteshien
h s Jul uu ,tma Hamin Coda ex
T is ene me ra m RAID A nat in he exiattnce
in TtalII w d met o e disks d t h u e da
u an exta disk -
COme wih sel eror deechen
u

Shn a_ha pamhy amahen

 RAILD 9
altng wih
Thu dwel uubyte luel stnppmg
dnve A t d Asthse ha pamt-
e0a &ne dedicatro.
and i n cale dave ailnatha pam
inlaimah'en cau the
ainq a 1extyadnve. But n
A a t d
pamt_dnvuCyashe en a edundenu getaketd
drganaddru.
qdin Ae hot_ muth Coideed
RAID 3

Aa Ae
Ay Apl3
As

B3-

sRAID Y
trem
Ihi Auwe uVUy siula ke RAID 3apart
h eatuxe shee RA D s lockluel Sne a
ath han bute luuel
KAID 44

A A Ar
B
Ce
D D De
DiAK 2 Disk 3
6RAID 5
d Mock Je shiping and.wh thu Aul-
dinibuted panh Concet cameinde he bthuiedeama
bekind xhe. boduhioral dudicatedparid ud in BA1D3 d
KAID Pamb inosmaien uwntn a diyreak_dar in.
tre anan chskipen_Ca oinale dusr tailune
 Page Ho.

Date

daa Cam bbe Cavad with the hu4 distnbut

nd atha rtad
par ithat aehrg thaspuakon
wite puatio
RA ID S5

A A2 Ar
3
B
C C3
Ce
D3
De D
DAL 2 Disk 3

DRAD G
a a mhanLim tnd vousn eKAIB S
Auel
usU
oddum
ddumacXba btmaht e dual pamut This
bloukaAw stripingwith DUAL diatrbutd pasy
So nas L COm t cxta seoundany
RAID 6

A A2 AP AP2
B C
C2
C
D DP D
L Pr
Dsk 3 DA
Dik

RAID 0t|
Ths lwel uu RAID Oand AA D epovidung

dundana Stnpbirg data s posm brjore itonrg

nthis lwelAhe oval Capaui dnve
sadedv
ducrd aCopantd e th RAID Jwtls..
 Page No
Data
RAID a +)
RAID

R D d
RAID Oo

A A2 A A
A Ay A3
As Ac As As
An As A Ag

RAID t o
Th ueA pubm misvng daa
hch makes mose eiu ard vedund and as Copad-
RAID 0+) Jwel Can Suvemutpla simuutontau
dive aiura.
RAIDt0
RAD O
RAID 1
RAID 1

A AL Az
As A3 Au A
As As
An A As As

File Sutems
fle syutum p m t LiA Ctatud data colle ch eru.

Calldhlu wh duinde trspentiu:

1ng ttm exnttnce
6s ae Stored n dak or thah Secandam

Strage and d hot disaeea shun a. er eg

 olf sgs Peg
Date

2Shaable

Hla aue nemes and Cam haue Obouated ams

pLAmibiem hat pumit coellu shag-

3Structuxe
Dtndungn l e S y t m a ple cam haue on.
intnalStrutdre ACen Vennt Jo fpaiula iaptaaisn.
ha

a lehem a data citatd bu

AuC 2 duidtu
n
a meaMs Astose d a t a Omanizud a hle as
uw a
OCallehon o untom h t be pus me mpde

x
Gpenabiens po med. enipla Syutu
CTeate
2 Delte
3 Ge-

sReod
6 wte

atibtu
hle Centiuns Yambus
Name othe ple
2 denbptt
3

LOCahien
sSi
Pretckern
 9tsd
Page No.
Date
Hl ganigntio Muheds
Hleo
qaaaion e the uadaa A stord
im_ople bde
organiatien v impestant be.lause 1t
dituminu he methods Le, útnuy eaib iLt
amolstmaqe dwi c use.
hexe au ous mitheds oga m
Scqutmtial A gangation
Recads aod a e sthxed and aAed in a paÁular
Sostid lxda Amg a Kupheld. Retmwa TeuKu seauchg
Stmi.ally maaugh thetnhse plaLcOrd Lcand 9 ha
Lmd

2: Rand.om ile Oqamigahen

Recods ane stored randtm buk auud duvey
Ta ace a ple ushih Stxed ademly a ecod ky a -
ALLede detamina sh
a e o d isstored m the stUraq4
media.

Serua Rle Oqaniphon

Racds a p l e
hle au stored end aec.uud one
a l t t an sthea

ndexed- Sequdndial hile Oganigatien

Sim dan StgMenhal ethad u hat an ibde-
lusd to unale he cmpta Jocate ihdi uidual
3Ldsn meStorag mdia:

Auos_Medhanusms
:Seqm.embal Aces

2 Dixe Acc
3 ndexAccos
 Poge
Date
Dixetto
ndisc an be viid a a pmb takle that
mlatu ple nome iA thi directo
ntna
WL canLu hat the ditery itA Cam be02gazid
he ganizaher mmuat be alleusd te
IMSUr_entms dedete untnu te Sauh 4s a namac

nechn mplmntad in we ways

nea lst
a inean list hle namu with pontes ee
th data blouks. unA i t uua unlar Such t pnd
abiudan entry Sinple ar nanomi but tone
COrunm exe t e

2: Hash dabe
Ma tble e deestob he disect Statuh bme.
rahen and delehion ane ase Staightmuand Hah ~able
takuha vaue. Cpte tvem ha le name Thea it rtutms.
a i t te l namein the ntan kist Mosh tle

ateru puosmd n a dise try aei

F|Seanchimg aple
2 Ceate a le
31 Ddete a hle
RinaReman aple
SLit ddrecdy-