A NEW DIMENSION FOR SOFT

SOIL STABILIZATION

TITAN
Titan Geotechnical Systems (Pty) Ltd

TITAN
TITAN Drill- and Injection Anchors
Titan Drill- and Injection Anchors could also be used as piles or nails and are suitable for use as anchors, micro piles, soil nails, rock bolts or
the reinforced soil method.

DIN 4125 “grouted anchors” Nov. 1990 applies for all stressed anchors which have a free (unbonded) length, and which take tensile forces
only.

DIN 4128 “grouted piles” April 1983 applies for micro piles and soil nails which take loads on tension and compression and which are grouted
over their entire length. Soil nails act like a frictional reinforcement (hooke) in reinforced concrete or like dowels or nails in timber
construction taking shear loads.

This new anchoring technique began in 1983 and is covered by patent nos. P 34 00 182 and P 38 28 335.

A unique feature is the drill steel use as the tension- and/or compression member.

The principle of the TITAN Drill- and Injection Anchor is based on the combination of 7 ideas:

1. Utilization
Utilisation of a drill steel as an anchor
From the
thestatic
staticpoint
pointofofview,
view,
a tube
a tube
is superior
is superior
to a solid
to a solid
rod ofrod
the of
same
the cross
samesectional
cross sectional
area witharea
respect
with torespect
bending
tomoment,
bending
shear
movement,
resistance
shearand
resistance
surfaceand bond/friction.
surface bond/friction.

2. Creation of an economically priced one-time use drill rod and drill bit
This technique eliminates two labor
labourintensive
intensiveelements
elementsnamely
required
required
for anchor
for anchor
installations.
installations.
They are: the insertion of the anchor itself and the removal of the drill rod and the casing. Consequently smaller drill rigs can be
used, the amount of grout is reduced and the substantial
substantial
labour
laborsavings
savingsareareachieved.
achieved.

3. Utilisation
Utilization of the drill steel as grouting conduit for filling the annulus from the bottom-up
This guarantees a positive complete filling of the annulus as well as all fissures and cracks. This method is much easier than
using additional tubes for grouting, air vents and post-grouting.

4. High
The choice
qualityofstructural
a high quality
steelstructural steel offers
The
high choice
notch toughness
of a high quality
> 39 J structural
in comparison
steeltooffers
high tensile
high notch
rodstoughness
or strands >having
39 J in> 15comparison
J or glass tofibre
high
anchors.
tensile This
rods steel
or strands
is not
having
affected>by15hydrogen
J or glassembrittlement
fibre anchors.orThis
by post
steelrolling
is notheat
affected
treatment.
by hydrogen
In addition,
embrittlement
it offers high
or by
shear
postresistance.
rolling heat treatment. In
addition, it offers high shear resistance.
5. The use of a ferritic-austenitic stainless steel TITAN-INOX for permanent anchors with a life span of 50 years and more
5. The use
Thisofmaterial
a ferritic-austenitic
(no. 14462) isstainless
equivalentsteel TITAN-INOX
to “double for DIN
corrosion” permanent
50929 partanchors with a of
3 - likeliness lifecorrosion
span of in
50construction
years and more
parts and
This materialconstruction.
underwater (no. 14462) isWorking
equivalent
withtothis
“double corrosion”
TITAN-INOX DIN 50929
material parteasier
is much 3 - likeliness of corrosion
than with in construction
the standard permanentparts and
anchors
underwater construction.
which are surrounded Working
by grout with this TITAN-INOX
in corrugated plastic tube, material is as
especially much easier
far as than with
extension the standard
(coupling) and thepermanent
preparationanchors
for the
which
anchorare surrounded
head by grout in corrugated plastic tube, especially as far as extension (coupling) and the preparation for the
are concerned.
anchor head are concerned.
6. The threads on the TITAN anchors are formed much like the ribs on a reinforcing bar fabricated according to DIN 488
6. The threads
The deep onTITAN
the TITAN
threads
anchors
result are
in 2.4-times
formed muchhigherlike
bondthefriction
ribs on
compared
a reinforcing
to standard
bar fabricated
drill steel according
coil-threadstoofDIN
R 32488
(1-¼”) or
The
R 38deep
(1-½”)TITAN threads result in 2.4-times higher bond friction compared to standard drill steel coil-threads of R 32 (1-¼”) or
R 38 (1-½”).
7. Continuous threads guarantee the TITAN anchor can be cut or coupled anywhere along its length.
7. Continuous
Cutting,threads
extending,guarantee the TITAN
pre-stressing anchor
and load can beon
releasing cuttheoranchor
coupled areanywhere
possible.alongA threadits length
pitch of 6ºeliminates the need for
Cutting, extending,
counter nuts at eachpre-stressing
coupling. and load releasing on the anchors are possible. A thread pitch of 6º eliminates the need for
counter nuts at each coupling.
Return flow groove

Titan
30 ø
16 ø

30/16 bar

Titan
130/60 bar
130 ø
60 ø
TITAN Injection Anchors
Anchor Soil Nail Pile Rock Bolt

Spherical Eye
collar nut Spherical Concrete pile bolt
collar nut head
Wedge Rock
discs Wire netting
mesh

Washer
plate
Grout
Sheet pile body
Washer
wall plate
Bore hole
De-bond ø130mm
tube
(if required) Shotcrete

Annulus Annulus
stabilised stabilised

Coupling Coupling Coupling

nut nut nut

Centraliser Centraliser

Coupling Hollow
nut threaded
bar

Centraliser Hollow
threaded
Hollow Hollow bar
threaded threaded
bar bar

Grout cover Grout cover

> 20mm > 20mm

Grout body Grout body Grout body

Drill bit Drill bit Drill bit

Drill bit

Notes
TITAN
The Difference
Drill- andinInjection
the Application
Anchorsfor Soft Soil Stabilization
7Titan
simple
Drill-
principles
and Injection
were Anchors
realised in
could
a standard
also beapplication:
used as piles or nails and are suitable for use as anchors, micro piles, soil nails, rock bolts or
the reinforced soil method.

DIN 4125 “grouted and

1. Flushing anchors” Nov. 1990
supporting fluidapplies for all
is simple stressed
cement anchors which have a free (unbonded) length, and which take tensile forces
grout
only. The fluid is simple cement grout with a water to cement ratio (W/C) of 0,4 to 0,7 (40 to 70 litres of water to 2 sacks = 100 kg of
cement). Under a flushing pressure of 5 to 20 Bars the water is quickly absorbed by noncohesive soils leaving a cementituous
DIN 4128surface
“groutedwhich
piles”cures
April 1983 applies forthe
and stabilises micro piles and
annulus. Thissoil nails which
method take
is also loadswhen
known on tension
using and compression
supporting fluids and whichpiles
for bored are grouted
to DIN
over their4014.
entire length. Soil nails act like a frictional reinforcement (hooke) in reinforced concrete or like dowels or nails in timber
construction taking shear loads.

This new
2. Controlled bulbanchoring technique
and infiltration began in 1983 and is covered by patent nos. P 34 00 182 and P 38 28 335.
dowelling
All TITAN drill bits have a radial flushing hole, which can be used to control the size of the bulb of the grout body. Excavated grout
A uniquebodies
featurehaving
is the an
drillaverage
steel use as the tension-
diameter and/or
of 1,5 to 2,5 compression
times member.
the drill bit diameter confirm that radial flushing at 5 to 20 Bars pressure-
reams the soil and also causes the grout to penetrate into the grain structure of the soil.
The principle of the TITAN Drill- and Injection Anchor is based on the combination of 7 ideas:

1. Grouting
3. Utilizationpressures
of a drill steel
up toas60anbarsanchor
In anFrom
openthe static
bore point
hole, of view,
a grout a tube of
pressure is superior
up to 60 to a solid
Bars canrod
be of the samebecause
achieved, cross sectional area with
cementituous respect
grout with atoW/C
bending
ratiomoment,
of 0,4 is
pumpedshear resistance
while and surface
the pile/anchor bond/friction.
is constantly rotated with slowly increased grouting pressure. As with postgrouting the cured grout is
cracked again by the rotation and the partly cured cement blocks move outwards and are wedged between the cured annulus and
the rotating
2. Creation anchor/pile
of an economically tube priced
resulting in a natural
one-time packer.
use drill rod Since thebit
and drill TITAN method includes a similar effect to post grouting it
eliminates this labour
This technique intensivetwo
eliminates portion
laborofintensive
the job. elements namely required for anchor installations.
They are: the insertion of the anchor itself and the removal of the drill rod and the casing. Consequently smaller drill rigs can be
used, the amount of grout is reduced and the substantial labor savings are achieved.
4. Improved anchoring capacity and reduced settlement
3. Utilization of theand
Anchors, piles drill steel
soil nailsasare
grouting conduit
evaluated for load
on their fillingand
thesettlement
annulus from the bottom-up
characteristics taken from the load/settlement diagram.
This guarantees
The calculated constant a positive complete
settlements filling less
are much of thewith
annulus as well
the TITAN as all
piles thanfissures and cracks.
with traditional Thispiles
bored method is muchfor
or minipiles easier than
identical
soilsusing
underadditional
the sametubes loads.forThe
grouting,
TITANairmethod
vents and post-grouting.
grouted piles have much less settlements than traditionally installed ones (see
load/settlement diagram). Shear deformations (soil friction) between soil and the grout body are important factors for uniform
4. The choice of a high quality structural steel offers
settlements.
high notch toughness > 39 J in comparison to high tensile rods or strands having > 15 J or glass fibre anchors. This steel is not
affected by hydrogen embrittlement or by post rolling heat treatment. In addition, it offers high shear resistance.
5. TITAN hollow anchor acts like a concrete vibrator
Theuse
5. The vibrating TITAN hollow anchor
of a ferritic-austenitic acts like
stainless a concrete
steel vibrator
TITAN-INOX forduring the drilling
permanent and grouting
anchors process
with a life spanandof 50consequently
years and more results in
a homogeneous
This materialand (no.compacted grout body.to “double corrosion” DIN 50929 part 3 - likeliness of corrosion in construction parts and
14462) is equivalent
underwater construction. Working with this TITAN-INOX material is much easier than with the standard permanent anchors
which are surrounded by grout in corrugated plastic tube, especially as far as extension (coupling) and the preparation for the
6. Minimumanchor headcover,
grout are concerned.
maximum corrosion protection
The down-the-hole circular centralisers maintain directional stability during the drilling process, and centralise the TITAN anchors
in the
6. The bore holes,
threads on the thus
TITANachieving
anchors a minimum
are formed groutmuch
coverlike
of 20mm around
the ribs the pile/anchor.
on a reinforcing bar fabricated according to DIN 488
The deep TITAN threads result in 2.4-times higher bond friction compared to standard drill steel coil-threads of R 32 (1-¼”) or
R 38 (1-½”)
7. A hollow soil nail creates a much higher shear resistance in the soil than a solid rod of the same cross sectional area
7. Continuous
The stiffer athreads
nail, theguarantee
smaller the therequired
TITAN anchor can be cut or
shear movements coupled
needed anywhere
to activate thealong
normalits force
length.in the nail. TITAN Injection
Cutting,
Anchors are 2extending, pre-stressing
to 3 times stiffer than highand loadstrands
tensile releasing on the
or bars anchor
under the are
same possible. A thread
loads, since pitchsection
its cross of 6ºeliminates the need for
is larger. Prestressed
TITAN counter
anchorsnuts at each
create coupling.
much less movement in the soil than strands or bars under the same load conditions.

Notes
TITAN Drill-Data
Technical and Injection Anchors
Titan Drill-Specifications
Product and Injection Anchors could also be used as piles or nails and are suitable for use as anchors, micro piles, soil nails, rock bolts or
the reinforced soil method.
Ischebeck Titan hollow bar type denotes external diameter of bar followed by its internal diameter. For example, a Titan 30/16 bar has an
DIN 4125diameter
external “groutedofanchors”
30mm andNov.
an1990 applies
internal for allofstressed
diameter 16mm. anchors which have a free (unbonded) length, and which take tensile forces
only.

DIN 4128 “grouted piles” April 1983 applies for micro piles and soil nails which take loads on tension and compression and which are grouted
over their entire length. Soil nails act like a frictional reinforcement (hooke) in reinforced concrete or like dowels or nails in timber
construction taking shear loads. Return flow groove

ThisTitan
new anchoring technique began in 1983 and is covered by patent nos. P 34 00 182 and P 38 28 335.

30 ø
16 ø
30/16 bar
A unique feature is the drill steel use as the tension- and/or compression member.

The principle of theTitan

TITAN Drill- and Injection Anchor is based on the combination of 7 ideas:
130/60 bar

130 ø
1. Utilization of a drill steel as an anchor

60 ø
From the static point of view, a tube is superior to a solid rod of the same cross sectional area with respect to bending moment,
shear resistance and surface bond/friction.

2. Creation of an economically priced one-time use drill rod and drill bit
This technique eliminates two labor intensive elements namely required for anchor installations.
They are: the insertion of the anchor itself and the removal of the drill rod and the casing. Consequently smaller drill rigs can be
used, the amount of grout is reduced and the substantial labor savings are achieved.
Titan Bar Type Unit 30/16 30/14 30/11 40/20 40/16 52/26 73/53 73/56 103/78 103/51 130/60
3. Utilization of the
Nominal outside diameter drill steel as grouting
mm conduit
30 for30 filling the
30 annulus
40 from40the bottom-up
52 73 73 103 103 130
This guarantees a positive complete filling of the annulus as well as all fissures and cracks. This method is much easier than
Nominal inside diameter mm 16 14 11 20 16 26 53 56 78 51 60
using additional tubes for grouting, air vents and post-grouting.
Ultimate load kN 220 260 320 539 660 929 1160 1194 2282 3460 7940
4. point
Yield The choice of a high quality structuralkN steel offers220 260 430 525 730 970 785 1800 2750 5250
180
high notch toughness > 39 J in comparison to high tensile rods or strands having > 15 J or glass fibre anchors. This steel is not
Yield Stressaffected
T0.2 by hydrogen embrittlementN/mm2or by 470post rolling
610 heat 580treatment.
590 In 590addition,550
it offers590 550resistance.
high shear 570 500 550
2
Cross section (A) mm 382 395 446 726 879 1337 1631 1414 3146 5501 9540
5.
Weight The use of a ferritic-austenitic stainless
kg/m 2.7 TITAN-INOX
steel 2.9 for permanent
3.3 5.6 anchors
7.0 10.0with 12.3
a life span
11.1of 5024.9
years and
43.4more75.0
This material (no. 14462) is equivalent to “double corrosion” DIN 50929 part 3 - likeliness of corrosion in construction parts and
Thread left/right hand construction. Working
underwater - withleft left
this TITAN-INOX leftmaterial
left is much
left easier than right
left/right with theright
standardright right anchors
permanent right
Lengths which are surrounded by grout in mcorrugated
3/4 plastic
3/4 tube,
2/3/4 especially
3 as far 3 as extension
3 (coupling)
3 6.25and the3 preparation
3 for3 the
anchor head are concerned.

The 6.ultimate load of yield

The threads on the(orTITAN
the corresponding load which
anchors are formed occurs
much at aribs
like the constant elongation bar
on a reinforcing of 0.2%) was tested
fabricated by MPA,
according (The
to DIN 488Material
Testing Institute
Theofdeep
the state
TITAN of Northrhine Westfalia,
threads result Dortmund/Germany).
in 2.4-times This
higher bond friction also applies
compared to the cross
to standard sections.
drill steel Above of
coil-threads figures are valid
R 32 (1-¼”) or
for INOX anchorsR 38as(1-½”)
well. The stresses mentioned were calculated from the load and cross section values of MPA.

Key 7.
Features
Continuous threads guarantee the TITAN anchor can be cut or coupled anywhere along its length.
Cutting, extending, pre-stressing and load releasing on the anchor are possible. A thread pitch of 6ºeliminates the need for
1. Utilisation ofnuts
counter a steel hollow
at each bar as the tendon
coupling.
From the static point of view, a hollow bar is superior to a solid rod of the same cross sectional area with respect to bending
moment, shear resistance and surface bond/friction.

2. Titan hollow bar is manufactured from high yield micro alloy high quality structural steel
This offers high notch toughness > 39J. This steel is not affected by hydrogen embrittlement or by stress crack corrosion.

3. The threads on Titan hollow bars are formed much like the ribs on a reinforcing bar fabricated according to DIN 488
The deep Titan threads result in 2.4 times higher bond friction compared to standard drill steel coil-threads of R 32 (1 ¼”) or R 38
(1 ½”).

4. Continuous threads guarantee the Titan bar can be cut or coupled anywhere along its length
Cutting, extending, pre-stressing and load releasing on the tendon are possible. A thread pitch of 6º eliminates the need for locking
nuts at each coupling.
TITAN Drill-Data
Technical and Injection Anchors
Titan Drill- and
Sacrificial lossInjection
of steelAnchors
on Titancould also
hollow be used as piles or nails and are suitable for use as anchors, micro piles, soil nails, rock bolts or
bars
the reinforced soil method.
60 Years 120 Years
DIN 4125 “grouted anchors” Nov. 1990 applies for all stressed anchors which have a free (unbonded) length, and which take tensile forces
only. Bar size Ground Diameter Reduced % Diameter Reduced %
Cross section aggressivity loss (mm) area (mm²) loss (mm) area (mm²)
Loss Loss
DIN 4128 “grouted piles” April 1983 applies for microNon
piles and soil0.9
nails which take
342 loads on 10.5
tension and compression
1.5 and
318which are17.0
grouted
over their entire length. Soil nails act like a frictional reinforcement (hooke) in reinforced concrete or like dowels or nails in timber
30/16
construction taking shear loads.338mm² Mild 1.5 318 17.0 2.5 278 27.0
Aggressive 2.9 263 31.0 4.9 190 50.0
This new anchoring technique began Nonin 1983 and 0.9is covered349
by patent nos.
9.5P 34 00 182
1.5and P 38 325
28 335. 15.5
A unique30/14 385mm²
feature is the drill steel Mildand/or compression
use as the tension- 1.5 325
member. 15.5 2.5 287 25.4
Aggressive 2.9 287 25.4 4.9 202 47.5
The principle of the TITAN Drill- and Injection Anchor is based on the combination of 7 ideas:
Non 0.9 408 8.5 1.5 384 14.0
30/11
1. Utilization 446mm²
of a drill steel as an anchor Mild 1.5 384 14.0 2.5 346 22.5
From the static point of view, a tubeAggressive
is superior to a solid
2.9 rod of the same
331 cross sectional
26.0 area with
4.9 respect to
261 bending moment,
41.5
shear resistance and surface bond/friction.
Non 0.9 715 6.8 1.5 681 11.2
40/20 of an economically
2. Creation 767mm²priced one-timeMild use drill1.5rod and drill681
bit 11.2 2.5 626 18.4
This technique eliminates two labor intensive elements
Aggressive 2.9 namely required
626 for anchor
18.4 installations.
4.9 500 34.8
They are: the insertion of the anchor itself and the removal of the drill rod and the casing. Consequently smaller drill rigs can be
used, the amount of grout is reduced andNonthe substantial
0.9 labor savings
828 are achieved.
5.8 1.5 794 9.7
40/16 879mm² Mild 1.5 794 9.7 2.5 739 16.0
3. Utilization of the drill steel as groutingAggressive
conduit for filling2.9 the annulus
718 from the bottom-up
18.3 4.9 613 30.3
This guarantees a positive complete filling of the annulus as well as all fissures and cracks. This method is much easier than
using additional tubes for grouting, airNon 0.9
vents and post-grouting. 1271 5.0 1.5 1226 8.3
52/26 1337mm² Mild 1.5 1226 8.3 2.5 1153 14.0
4. The choice of a high quality structuralAggressive
steel offers 2.9 1124 16.0 4.9 983 26.5
high notch toughness > 39 J in comparison to high tensile rods or strands having > 15 J or glass fibre anchors. This steel is not
affected by hydrogen embrittlement orNon by post rolling0.9 1533In addition,
heat treatment. 6.0it offers high
1.5shear resistance.
1469 10.0
73/53 1631mm² Mild 1.5 1469 9.9 2.5 1415 13.0
5. The use of a ferritic-austenitic stainless steel TITAN-INOX for permanent anchors with a life span of 50 years and more
Aggressive 2.9 1320 19.0 4.9 1112 32.0
This material (no. 14462) is equivalent to “double corrosion” DIN 50929 part 3 - likeliness of corrosion in construction parts and
underwater construction. Working with Non 0.9 material
this TITAN-INOX 2998 4.7 than with1.5
is much easier the standard2904 7.7
permanent anchors
103/78which are surrounded by grout in corrugated
3146mm² Mild plastic1.5 tube, especially
2904as far as extension
7.7 (coupling)
2.5 and the
2750preparation for the
12.6
anchor head are concerned.
Aggressive 2.9 2688 14.6 4.9 2385 24.2
6. The threads on the TITAN anchors are formedNon much like0.9the ribs on
6145 2.3bar fabricated
a reinforcing 1.5 according 6049to DIN 4883.8
The
103/51 deep TITAN threads
6290mm² result in 2.4-times
Mild higher bond
1.5 friction compared
6049 to standard
3.8 drill steel
2.5 coil-threads
5890 of R 32 (1-¼”)
6.4 or
R 38 (1-½”)
Aggressive 2.9 5890 6.4 4.9 5516 12.3
7. Continuous threads guarantee the TITANNon anchor can0.9
be cut or coupled
10263 anywhere
1.8 along its1.5
length. 10141 2.9
Cutting,
130/60 extending, pre-stressing
10446mm² and load
Mild releasing on
1.5 the anchor
10141are possible.
2.9 A thread pitch
2.5 of 6ºeliminates
9940 the need
4.8 for
counter nuts at each coupling.
Aggressive 2.9 9940 4.8 4.9 9464 9.4

Notes