NOT

9
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 2, Wk.1-2, Module 1
Waste Material Management

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2, Wk.1-2- Module 1: Waste Material Management
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Roy Angelo L. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Milyn P. Quiamco
Reviewers: Lilani N. Casas
Content and Language Evaluators: ___________________________
Illustrator/Layout Artist: Sanny O. Delfin
Management Team
Chairperson: Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Nimfa R. Lago, MSPh, PhD, CESE

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Members: Henry B. Abueva OIC-CID Chief

Blair D. Castillon, PhD., EPS-EPP/TLE
Sherlita L. Daguisonan, LRMS Manager
Meriam S. Otarra, PDO II
Charlotte D. Quidlat, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Iligan City
Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063)221-6069
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 9
Technology and
Livelihood
Education
Quarter 2, Wk. 1-2, Module 1
Waste Material Management

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by select teachers, school heads, Education Program Supervisor in TLE of
Department of Education – Division of Iligan City. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education – Iligan City at
[email protected] or Trlrfax (063) 221-6069.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. ii

What I Know ........................................................................................................................................... ...iii

Lesson 1:
Waste Material Management
What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s In………………………………………………………………..…….........1
What’s New ………………………………………………………………………..1
What Is It ....................................................................................................... 2
What’ s More ................................................................................................ 4

What I Can Do ............................................................................................... 5

What I Have Learned .................................................................................... 6

Summary…………………………………………………………………………..…………..…7
Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………….……..……..8
Key to Answers ................................................................................................................... .9
References ..........................................................................................................................
What This Module is About

This module covers the skills and knowledge required to Support horticultural
production under supervision. It will include the ability to prepare materials, tools and
equipment for horticultural production work, undertake routine production assistance work,
handle materials and equipment, and clean up on completion of work. Supporting horticultural
production work also covers knowledge of safe work practices relating to basic crop handling
techniques including planting, maintaining, picking and packing, loading and unloading, and
using associated farm tools and equipment.

What I Need to Know

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

Presidential Decree (PD) 1152, ―the Philippine Environmental Code,‖ which

took effect in 1977, provides a basis for an integrated waste management regulation
starting from waste source to methods of disposal. PD 1152 has further mandated specific
guidelines to manage municipal wastes (solid and liquid), sanitary landfill and incineration,
and disposal sites in the Philippines. In 1990, the Philippine Congress enacted the Toxic
Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act, commonly known as Republic Act
(RA) 6969, a law designed to respond to increasing problems associated with toxic
chemicals and hazardous and nuclear wastes. RA 6969 mandates control and management
of import, manufacture, process, distribution, use, transport, treatment, and disposal of toxic
substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes in the country.
The Act seeks to protect public health and the environment from unreasonable
risks posed by these substances in the Philippines. Apart from the basic policy rules and
regulations of RA 6969, hazardous waste management must also comply with the
requirements of other specific environmental laws, such as PD 984 (Pollution Control Law),
PD 1586 (Environmental Impact Assessment System Law), RA 8749 (Clean Air Act) and RA
9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act) and their implementing rules and
regulations.
 What I Know

Pre test

TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Trench composting is relatively simple. Simply dig a trench 8 - 8 inches deep, fill
with 3 - 4 inches of organic material and cover with soil.

2. Bin can be constructed using 4' × 4' pallets fastened together to form a box and
lined with wire mesh.

3. Composting is nature's way of recycling. Composting biodegrades organic waste.

i.e. food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers, crop residue etc.,
and turns it into a valuable in- organic fertilizer.

4. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal,

and monitoring of waste materials.

5. The idea behind recycling is to increase energy usage, reduce volume of

landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and preserve
natural resources for future use.

6. Waste management has been dependably the theme of much dispute.

7. Recycling and composting are a couple of the best methods of waste

management.
8. Proper waste management includes the proper collection, transfer, dispensation
and removal of waste materials.

9. Waste would be likely a source of health problems, environmental destruction and

other form of negative impact on aesthetics.

10. Plasma gasification is another form of waste management

 Lesson Title of the Lesson
1 WASTE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

What I Need to Know

Lesson 1: Support Horticultural Work
Learning Outcome 3: Handle materials and equipment
3.1 Store waste material in a designated area according to work Place
procedure/OHS procedure
Learning Objective
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to:
a. Identify how to manage waste materials..

What’s In
Activity Title: Definition of terms
Instruction: Find the definition/meaning of the following words and write it in your notebook.
a.OHS b. Recycle c. Landfill d.Disposal e.Composting

What’s New

Proper waste management is as important as the ecosystem balance. It might sound

like an exaggeration but it is true. It cannot be denied that waste problem if not foremost is
one of the top dilemmas of every country. It doesn't just contribute to land depletion due to
waste depot necessity; it is also the number one contributor of air pollution due to incineration.
Proper waste management includes the proper collection, transfer, dispensation and
removal of waste materials. It may also include recycling to further extend its use, monitoring
of waste material is also integrated. Wastes that are produced from human activities can be
recycled and even gather resources out of what we think are already useless. Waste would
be likely a source of health problems, environmental destruction and other form of negative
impact on aesthetics.
There are different forms of proper waste management depending on the availability
and need of an area. For some developed and developing countries, for urban and rural areas
as well as for residential and industrial producers, they differ on how they handle their waste
engendered as a whole, be it due to their day to day living or company operations.
Generally proper waste management is being done in order to resolve issues on
climate change, as mentioned above, incineration is being done as an alternative aside from
dumpsites to diminish waste but it doesn't adhere on a cost effective manner approach. Proper
Waste Management could still be effective if waste is eliminated without harming the
environment.

1
 There is effective waste management applied in order to cope up with the mounting
waste on dumpsites that triggers to a lot of harmful effects. Refusing to buy materials that can't
be recycled is one methods of proper waste management, reduce, reuse and recycle are some
of the accepted system also. Usually hazardous commercial and industrial proper waste
management is the responsibility of the generator, whereas non-hazardous residential and
institutional waste in municipal areas is generally the liability of local government.

What Is It

Waste Materials Management

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and

monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human
activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or
aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste
management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different
methods and fields of expertise for each.
Methods of Disposal
Landfills
Throwing daily waste/garbage in the landfills is the most popularly used method of
waste disposal used today. This process of waste disposal focuses attention on burying the
waste in the land. Landfills are commonly found in developing countries. There is a process
used that eliminates the odors and dangers of waste before it is placed into the ground. While
it is true this is the most popular form of waste disposal, it is certainly far from the only
procedure and one that may also bring with it an assortment of space.

This method is becoming less these days although, thanks to the lack of space
available and the strong presence of methane and other landfill gases, both of which can
cause numerous contamination problems. Landfills give rise to air and water pollution which
severely affects the environment and can prove fatal to the lives of humans and animals. Many
areas are reconsidering the use of landfills.

Incineration/Combustion
Incineration or combustion is a type disposal method in which municipal solid wastes
are burned at high temperatures so as as to convert them into residue and gaseous products.
The biggest advantage of this type of method is that it can reduce the volume of solid waste
to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume, decreases the space they take up and reduce the
stress on landfills.

2
 This process is also known as thermal treatment where solid waste materials are
converted by Incinerators into heat, gas, steam and ash. Incineration is something that is very
in countries where landfill space is no longer available, which includes Japan.

Recovery and Recycling

Resource recovery is the process of taking useful discarded items for a specific next
use. These discarded items are then processed to extract or recover materials and resources
or convert them to energy in the form of useable heat, electricity or fuel.

Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new products to prevent
energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials. Recycling is the third component of
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle waste hierarchy. The idea behind recycling is to reduce energy
usage, reduce volume of landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and preserve natural resources for future use.

Plasma gasification

Plasma gasification is another form of waste management. Plasma is a primarily an

electrically charged or a highly ionized gas. Lighting is one type of plasma which produces
temperatures that exceed 12,600 °F . With this method of waste disposal, a vessel uses
characteristic plasma torches operating at +10,000 °F which is creating a gasification zone till
3,000 °F for the conversion of solid or liquid wastes into a syngas.

During the treatment solid waste by plasma gasification, the waste’s molecular bonds
are broken down as result of the intense heat in the vessels and the elemental components.
Thanks to this process, destruction of waste and dangerous materials is found. This form of
waste disposal provides renewable energy and an assortment of other fantastic benefits.

Composting

Composting is an easy and natural bio-degradation process that takes organic wastes
i.e. remains of plants and garden and kitchen waste and turns into nutrient rich food
for your plants. Composting, normally used for organic farming, occurs by allowing organic
materials to sit in one place for months until microbes decompose it. Composting is one of the
best method of waste disposal as it can turn unsafe organic products into safe compost.

3
 On the other side, it is slow process and takes lot of space and turns it to Waste to
Energy (Recover Energy) Waste to energy(WtE) process involves converting of non-
recyclable waste items into useable heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes.
This type of source of energy is a renewable energy source as non-recyclable waste can be
used over and over again to create energy.

It can also help to reduce carbon emissions by offsetting the need for energy from
fossil sources. Waste-to-Energy, also widely recognized by its acronym WtE is the generation
of energy in the form of heat or electricity from waste.

Avoidance/Waste Minimization

The easier method of waste management is to reduce creation of waste materials

thereby reducing the amount of waste going to landfills. Waste reduction can be done through
recycling old materials like jar, bags, repairing broken items instead of buying new one,
avoiding use of disposable products like plastic bags, reusing second hand items, and buying
items that uses less designing.

Recycling and composting are a couple of the best methods of waste management.
Composting is so far only possible on a small scale, either by private individuals or in areas
where waste can be mixed with farming soil or used for landscaping purposes. Recycling is
widely used around the world, with plastic, paper and metal leading the list of the most
recyclable items. Most material recycled is reused for its original purpose.

What’s More

Recycling/ composting practices and procedures

The first step required for recycling is collecting recyclable materials from
communities. Today many major cities and larger communities offer a curbside pick-up service
for recyclable materials. Families who recycle items such as paper, bottles and cans, place
the items in recycling collection bins. These bins usually have the recycling symbol on them.
This is one of the most important steps for recycling because if people do not separate their
recyclable materials from their trash then the materials will not be recycled. Instead they will
be sent to the landfill with other trash.

Apart from the items you may recycle at home, many other things such as old tires,
computers, mattresses, cars and more are recycled for parts and materials.

4
 The second step involves processing the recyclable materials. This includes sorting
the materials into groups, cleaning them and getting them ready to be sold to manufacturers
who will turn the materials into new products.
Manufacturing is the third step in the recycling process. Today many products are
made out of either total or partial post-consumer (recycled) materials. Many items you may
see every day are made from recycled materials. Newspapers, paper towels, office paper,
plastic bottles and aluminium cans are not only made of recycled materials, but they can also
be recycled again.
The last step, but certainly not the least, involves the purchasing of recycled products.
When consumers purchase products that have been made with post-consumer material the
recycling process has been completed and can then be repeated. If you have the choice to
purchase a product made from recycled materials, instead of one that was not, what do you
think you should do? It takes education and awareness to remember to recycle and purchase
recycled products.
Recycling helps reduce the amount of trash that is disposed of in landfills. Recycling,
rather than throwing things away, is also better for the environment. Currently it is believed
that the amount of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere is causing global warming which
can have devastating long term effects. Recycling is one of many ways that people can cut
down the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into our atmosphere. Purchasing recycled
paper is also better for the environment because it takes less energy to produce recycled
paper and saves some trees along the way.

What I Can Do
Composting Methods
Hot Composting
Hot composting is the most efficient method for producing quality compost in a
relatively short time. In addition, it favors the destruction of weed seeds, fly larvae and
pathogens. While hot composting, using the windrow or bin method, requires a high degree
of management, hot composting, using the in-vessel method, requires a lesser degree of
management.

Cold Composting
This method is ideal for adding organic matter around trees, in garden plots, in eroded
areas etc. The time required to decompose organic matter using this method is governed, to
a large extent, by environmental conditions and could take two years or more.

5
Sheet Composting
Sheet composting is carried out by spreading organic material on the surface of the
soil or untilled ground and allowing it to decompose naturally. Over time, the material will
decompose and filter into the soil. This method is ideally suited for forage land, no-till
applications, erosion control, roadside landscaping etc. The process does not favor the
destruction of weed seeds, fly larvae, pathogens etc. and composting materials should be
limited to plant residue and manure. Again, decomposition time is governed by environmental
conditions and can be quite lengthy.

Trench Composting
Trench composting is relatively simple. Simply dig a trench 6 - 8 inches deep, fill with
3 - 4 inches of organic material and cover with soil. Wait a few weeks and plant directly above
the trench. This method does not favor the destruction of weed seeds, fly larvae and
pathogens and the composting process can be relatively slow.

Loading the Bin / Windrow

Place the raw materials in layers using a balance of high carbon (moist) and low carbon
(dry) materials. Each layer should be no more than four to six inches in depth. Spray each
layer with a light mist of CBCT Stock Solution (Mix CBCT Concentrate and water at a rate of
1:200). This will initiate and accelerate the composting process and eliminate odors).

Procedure:
Step 1. Start with a 4 to 6 inch layer of coarse material set on the bottom of the composter or
on top of the soil.
Step 2. Add a 3 to 4 inch layer of low carbon material.
Step 3. Add a 4 to 6 inch layer of high carbon material
Step 4. Add a 1 inch layer of garden soil or finished compost.
Step 5. Mix the layers of high carbon material, low carbon material, and soil or compost.
Repeat steps 2 through 5 until the composting bin is filled (maximum 4 feet in height). Cap
with dry material.

What I Have Learned

Proper waste management is important to avoid contamination, especially when the

waste is hazardous. But more importantly, household and businesses should exercise waste
minimization or waste avoidance, which involves recycling old items, repairing broken items,

6
donating items no longer use, avoiding the use of disposable items to reduce the amount of
waste that twill end up in landfills.

Summary
Disposing of waste has huge environmental impacts and can cause serious problems.
Needless to say, the most important reason for proper waste management is to protect the
environment and for the health and safety of the population. It is a very important topic that
needs to be addressed, and everyone should be aware why waste segregation can be the
difference between the survival of the earth and the worsening effects in the natural biological
system.

Waste management has been dependably the theme of much dispute. Waste
management involves the handling of waste materials from the time it is made to its disposal.
This includes how the business or company collects, transports, processes, recycles, or
disposes its waste.

The general populace is increasing and, correspondingly, the amount of waste is

expanding as well. If we view the statistics, we will see that there is a gigantic zone of waste
disposal everywhere throughout the world. Waste disposal destinations are a big issue for the
planet. It results in extra contamination, openings in ozone layers, and spread of new ailments.
Thinking about the circumstances, waste management may just be the answer.

Many natural resources such as trees, gas, and water are depleting. For instance, paper,
cupboards, paper cups, and many other products that we use daily are made from trees. Huge
areas of trees are cut down every year, and new trees do not have enough time to fully grow.
Fortunately, it is possible to recycle paper products instead of cutting down new trees.
Reforestation can only do so much.

Additionally, it is also possible to reuse metal items. In some countries, there are sites
where you can bring and sell old newspapers, metal items, or even glass. All these products
are recycled and used again. These little things have an immense impact in our universal
battle to save the environment.

7
 Assessment: (Post-Test)
TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Trench composting is relatively simple. Simply dig a trench 8 - 8 inches

deep, fill with 3 - 4 inches of organic material and cover with soil.

2. Bin can be constructed using 4' × 4' pallets fastened together to form a
box and lined with wire mesh.

3. Composting is nature's way of recycling. Composting biodegrades organic

waste. i.e. food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers, crop residue
etc., and turns it into a valuable in- organic fertilizer.

4. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or

disposal, and monitoring of waste materials.

5. The idea behind recycling is to increase energy usage, reduce volume of

landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and preserve
natural resources for future use.

6. Waste management has been dependably the theme of much dispute.

7. Recycling and composting are a couple of the best methods of waste

management.
8. Proper waste management includes the proper collection, transfer,
dispensation and removal of waste materials.

9. Waste would be likely a source of health problems, environmental

destruction and other form of negative impact on aesthetics.

10. Plasma gasification is another form of waste management

8
 Key to Answers

1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE

References

 http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_crop_production_learning_modul
es.pdf
 https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-management-and-waste-disposal-
methods.php
 https://sciencepark.com.ph/blog/waste-management-important/

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd: Division of Iligan CIty

Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063) 221-6069
E-mail Address: [email protected]