MODIBBO ADAMA UNIVERSITY,

YOLA.

TECHNICAL REPORT.

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES).

CARRIED OUT FOR THE DURATION OF SIX MONTHS

AT
GOMBE STATE URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY (GOSUPDA), GOMBE STATE.

WRITTEN BY;

KUSEL, SAMUEL THOMAS.

ARC | 17U | 1537

SUBMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE,

FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES.

 CERTIFICATION.

This is to certify that I KUSEL, SAMUEL THOMAS with the

matriculation number ARC / 17U /1537 of the Department of
ARCHITECTURE, Modibbo Adama University, Yola compiled this report
based on the six month Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES) undertaken at Gombe State Urban Planning & Development
Authority. Gombe State, Nigeria. In partial fulfillment of the award of
Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech), Architecture.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE.
1.1 INTRODUCTION.
1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SIWES.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SIWES.
1.4 BENEFIT OF THE SCHEME.
1.4.1 BENEFITS OF THE STUDENTS.
1.4.2 BENEFITS OF THE INSTITUITION.
1.4.3 BENEFITS OF THE EMPLOYERS.

1.5 CONTRIBUTION OF THE SCHEME.

CHAPTER TWO.
2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF PLACE OF ATTACHMENT.
2.2 THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART.

2.3 DUTIES OF DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

2.4 POWER OF THE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

2.5 DEPARTMENTS OF DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

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 CHAPTER THREE.

3.1 WORKING EXPERIENCE.

3.1.1 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL.

3.1.2 ENFORCEMENT OF SETBACKS STANDARD.

3.1.3 WAYS OF CARRYING OUT DEVELOPMENT CONTROL.

3.1.4 MEASUREMENTS AND CONVERSION OF SOME UNITS.

3.1.5 SITE INSPECTION.

3.1.6 MAPPING.

3.1.7 APPROVAL OF BUILDING PLAN.

3.1.8 CONDITIONS FOR THE APPROVAL OF TEMPORARY

STRUCTURES.

3.1.9 CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN DEVELOPMENT

AUTHORITY.

3.1.10 LAND ACQUISITION.

3.1.11 HOW TO DEVELOPED A PLOT OF LAND.

3.2 PROBLEMS FACED DURING ATTACHMENT.

3
3.3 POSSIBLE SUGGESTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS.

CHAPTER FOUR.

4.1 SUMMARY.

4.2 CONCLUSION.

4.3 RECOMMENDATION.

4.4 REFERENCES.

4
 CHAPTER ONE.

1.1 INTRODUCTION.
The need to expose students in institution of higher learning in Nigeria to
industrial work experience scheme cannot be over emphasized. This is
because students through the scheme are given the opportunity of having
practical knowledge of most if not all the practical processes and procedures
in their respective field of specialization.
The program enables the students to be practically oriented in his /her chosen
area of specialization so that the best is built into the students to commend
efforts made by the various institutions already.

1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SIWES.

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) program came into
existence in 1973 with the establishment of the Industrial Training Fund (ITF)
under decree 47 of 1971 in a bid to boost professional is in industries and
work places accelerate economic development and national self-reliance. The
fund (ITF) was one of the major leverage by which the government hoped to
transform the Nation’s economy from it predominate dependence on foreign
expertise to a state of self-reliance through training and development of
Nigerians. In its policy statement published in 1973 inserted a clause dealing
with issues of practical skills. SIWES is therefore a skill training program
designed to expose students of higher educational learning to practical and

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 professional careers. The funding of the scheme is administered from ITF
national headquarters to the states.
Nigeria University Commission (NUC) and Industrial Training Fund (ITF)
recognize only a maximum of six months Industrial Training (IT). Therefore
SIWES is conducted during the second semester of every year three (300
level) student in Federal University of Kashere, for six months. The SIWES is
the continuation of student’s studies and an ordinary vocational job for this
objective to be achieved, the relationship between the educational institution
and the employers must be cordial.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SIWES.

The aim of SIWES is to prepare and expose student in Sciences,
Environmental Science, Agricultural Technology, Engineering and other
related discipline to industrial work situations they may likely meet after
graduation. The program has the following objectives:
 To exposed students to various industrial work situations they are likely
to meet after graduation.
 To provide an avenue for students to apply the skill they acquire at school
into practice, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practical.
 To enhance and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire
educational process and provides an opportunity for jobs in the industrial
sector.

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  To expose students to work method and techniques in handling
employers equipment of machinery that may not be available in their
institution, thereby the ability to manage a firm after graduation.
 It boosts student’s industrial skills technologically in their respective area
of discipline.

1.4 BENEFITS OF THE SCHEME.

Experiences over the years have shown that both of the parties (Students,
Institution and Employers) benefits positively with the scheme.

1.4.1 BENEFITS OF THE STUDENTS.

Theories and application to industrial assignments are re-enforced to increase
productivity and motivation.
 It builds student self-confidence at the end of the program (SIWES).
 It enables clear view of carrier prospects by students.
 It prepares students for the work situation, elsewhere after graduation.

1.4.2 BENEFITS OF THE INSTITUTION.

 It provides on-going link between academic curriculum and the world
work.
 It expands teaching resources and updates the institution on current
trends of the technological world.
 Extra-knowledge of students is gained on their return.

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 1.4.3 BENEFITS OF THE EMPLOYERS.
 It provides the employer with cheap labour.
 It provides the employer the opportunity to evaluate prospective
employees to reduce cost of recruitment.
 It uses students as research instrument for more information relating to
their firms in terms of recommendation to them.

1.5 CONTRIBUTION OF THE SCHEME.

The scheme makes vital impact on the national economy, through
technological and human resources development. This includes:
 It improves the quality of skilled manpower in Nigeria and the
professional world at large.
 The improvement of technical communication for students.
 Establishment of the various ties for the institutions and industries.
 Opportunity of employment for students.

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 CHAPTER TWO.

2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF PLACE OF ATTACHMENT.

Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority (G.O.S.U.P.D.A)
is the name of the organization I undertook my SIWES. It is located in
Gombe state Ministry of Works, Jekadafari Gombe, Gombe state.

Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority (G.O.S.U.P.D.A)

were adopted from former Bauchi state and all it laws, rules and regulations
were also adopted. The organization operates under ministry of works as a
department headed by a director. In 1998, it was changed to a bureau. Some
additional function and power were given to the bureau after the introduction
of democratic administration in 1999. In 2003, the executive governor of
the state signed the law that gives the bureau power of its own jurisdiction
with land mass of sixteen kilometers radius from the city center, but the law
was not effective due to political interest which makes the board unstable.

In 2006, the governor made an agenda for the coordination of activities of

prospective developers and investors in the metropolis which brought the
necessity to establish a board to take charge of the planning and orderliness
within and outside the state capital. Gombe state Urban Planning and
Development Authority was initially the ministry of environment, water
resources and town planning headed by chairman board of directors but
recently the board was affiliated to the ministry of works and infrastructure,

9
and presently it’s under the Gombe state ministry of housings. The board has
about 150 staff with about 10 to 15 registered professionals.

2.2 THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART.

Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority.

CHAIRMAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS

PERMANENT SECRETARY/GENERAL MANAGER

DIRECTOR ADMIN AND FINANCE DIRECTOR URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

DEPUTY DIRECTOR ADMIN DEPUTY DIRECTOR U.B.P DEPUTY DIRECTOR L.S.U

CHIEF CHIEF CASHIE C.T.P.P A.C.T.O

ACCOUNTA ADMI PARK STOR P.C.O ARCHITEC

2.3 DUTIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority have the

following duties and functions;

 Prepare, publish and implement scheme for each designated area.

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 Provide management and maintain public amenities within urban centers.

 Subject to the provision of any law, the use and development of land
within urban center.

 Prepare and keep under continue review land development plans for the
areas of the state.

 Act as an agent of activities related to physical and environmental

planning within jurisdiction.

 Provide and maintain streets/roads and related structures in the urban

centers.

 Prepare and provide layout plans for residential, commercial, industrial,

recreational and institutional uses.

 Give effect to planning by law.

 Provide and maintain street lightening and other landscaping service in

urban centers.

 Preserve buildings, object of architectural interest and the historical

character to town and cities within state.

2.4 POWER OF THE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

Gombe state Urban Planning and Development Board have the

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 following powers.

 To formulate and implement planning scheme.

 To create, name and maintain street/road and related structure.

 To acquire, construct, maintain or repair any work, plants or apparatus

necessary or desirable for the purpose of its function.

 Enter into contract as may be necessary for the purpose of it functions.

 With the approval of the governor, make regulations for carrying into
effect the provision of it edict.

 To accept or acquired and hold securities in any form what so ever

 To promote the establishment of an expansion of companies or other

bodies providing public service.

 To appoint and exercise disciplinary control over the staff of the board
providing that the board shall delegate the power to appoint and discipline
staff or salary grade level 01-06 to the zone planning community.

 To ensure its property against all form of risk.

 To pay the staff of the board such remuneration as the board may
determine.

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 2.5 DEPARTMENTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority has three

departments and each of these departments has its units. The three (3) main
departments are:-

 Admin/Finance Departments;

This department has two sub-units which are:

1. Administrative unit and

2. Finance and supply unit.

 Engineering/technical service Department;

This department has three (3) sub-units which are:

i. Mechanical Engineering units (including all the drivers in the board)

ii. Civil Engineering units.

iii. Electrical Engineering units.

 Urban and Regional Planning Department;

This department consists of two sub-units which are:

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 i. Development control units.

ii. Environmental and landscaping (Parks and Garden) units

 The administrative unit;

This unit deals with all kinds of administrative duties and these duties
include; documentation, legal matters, training and promotion of staff
registration and pensions. The finance units service, the financial functions
which include the payment of salaries, payrolls, internal collection of
assessment dues and payment of capital projects.

 Technical/mechanical unit;

This unit is concern with the supervision of all technical work done by the
organization such as; allied fixtures fitting responsible for the maintenance of
the office vehicles, plants and machineries.

 The civil engineering unit;

This unit is responsible for the production of structural plans for drainage,
pool ways and constructions of culverts. This unit also maintain all the above
the structures.

 The electrical engineering unit;

This unit is responsible for the installation and maintenance of electrical

cables and allied accessories for electrical functions.

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  Development control unit;

The development control unit is the backbone of the organization. It is

responsible for urban planning law and the enforcement of any urban areas.
This unit ensures that developers comply with physical planning standards
and specification through the administration and enforcement of control
notice. This unit also visit sites and give building approvals to various
developers depending on the type of development which may include
residential, commercial, religious or institutional developments. They also
regulate the sitting of billboards, sign boards and temporary structures. They
also carry out demolition exercise where developers refused to comply with a
notice to remove a structure.

 Environmental and landscaping (parks and garden) units;

This unit is responsible for maintaining the aesthetic nature of the urban
areas. The landscaping unit design and decorate the city. This unit is also
affiliated to Gombe State Environmental Protection Agency (GOSEPA) to
ensure proper sanitation within the state.

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 CHAPTER THREE.

3.1 WORKING EXPERIENCE.

At my arrival to Gombe State Urban Planning Development Authority in

November, 2021. I was alongside other student directed to the industry
SIWES coordinator Tpl. HASSAN J. PANGARA who formally introduced
me to all of the staff of the organization starting from the head which is the
general manager/permanent secretary followed by the director urban regional
planning and other top officers. I was attached to the urban and regional
planning department where I met so many staff which most of them are Town
planners, engineers and architects.

The board, Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority tries
as much as possible to see that all students on SIWES received the
appropriate and adequate training both in office and on site in order to meet
the objective of the programme and all training are based on activities
conducted by the board.

3.1.1 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL;

Development control is one of the prominent activities of the board and all
SIWES students fully participate in this exercise. Development control is the
act of regulating land use act within urban center. In development control,

16
 structures outside the planning standard are prevented. In order to achieve
these, setback standards are enforced for a suitable and comfortable
environment.

Setback in development can be describe as any open space provided in

front of a permanent structure or building, street or road reserved for
community facilities, utilities and services any attempt to put a structure
(permanent) within setback is an offence and is punishable by demolition of
the structure. I was involve in the enforcement of the setbacks and I visited
(accompanied by the staff) some areas within and outside the metropolis that
are having setbacks problem and took necessary or appropriate measures in
order to create space for public circulation of public facilities.

Below is a table showing setback standard used by Gombe State Urban

Planning and Development Authority.

LAND USE SETBACK OF BUILDING LINE

DESCRIPTION

Residential building 5 meters

Drainage 3-6 meters

Oil pipelines 25 meters

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 High way 35 meters

Railway line 15 meters

Low tension power line 25 meters

High way tension power line 50 meters

Table 1: table showing setback standard used by G.O.S.U.P.D.A

3.1.2 ENFORCEMENT OF SETBACKS STANDARD;

Setbacks in development can be described as any open space provided in

front of a permanent structure or building, street or road reserved for
community facilities, utilities and services. Any attempt to put a structure
(permanent) within setbacks is an offence and is punishable by demolition of
the structure.

During the training i was involved in th0e enforcement of setbacks and i

visited (accompanied by the staff) some areas within the metropolis that are
having setback problems and took necessary or appropriate measures in order
to create space for circulation of public facilities. Below is a table showing
setback standard used by Gombe State Urban and Planning Development
Authority.

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 3.1.3 WAYS OF CARRYING OUT DEVELOPMENT CONTROL;

There are various ways used in development control, the staffs under this
unit are distributed to various places and district within the urban centres in
order to keep an eye on the way they are developing the area. They watched
every place in the city incase if there is any developer who is developing
his/her site without authorized permission, various notice or letters are used
with different heading and these letters or notices used include;

 FIRST STOP NOTICE;

This is given to a developer who starts building without permission from

the organization, this notice is either given on paper or its drawn boldly on
the wall of the structure if the developer happens to be absent.

 SECOND STOP NOTICE;

This notice serves as a reminder, it is given to a developer who did not

respond to the first notice and this notice have only seven (7) days validity
unlike the first one whose validity last for two weeks or even more.

 THIRD OR DEMOLITION NOTICE;

After expiring of the seven (7) days validity of the second notice and the
developer is yet to comply with the notice issued initially, and then a

19
 demolition notice is given. At this point the board has the authority to bring
down part of the building. So also this type of notice is also issued to any
developer who builds a permanent structure within setbacks of any land use
description.

Figure 1: IT Students engaged in the demolition of building found guilty

 REMOVAL NOTICE;

This is a type of notice usually given to temporary owners along the roads
and other public facilities like water pipelines, drainage, etc. This notice is
mostly issued when government is in need of the space that these temporaries
occupied.

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 Figure 2: IT Student marking removal notice to a temporary structure

 INVITATION LETTER;

This type of letter is issued when there is dispute over setbacks or

accessibility between two building and it usually involved two or more
parties. When invitation letter are given to them, they are expected (Both the
complainer and defector) to come to the organization for talks. In this case
board act as court in judging land use dispute and ownership.

3.1.4 MEASUREMENTS AND CONVERSION OF SOME UNITS;

The unit in converting some of the measurement on the field can have

21
 different scale but the mostly used units are feet (ft) and meters (m)

i. To convert feet to meters i.e. ft to m we use the equation 3.33ft = 1m. For
example to convert 100ft to meter

ii. 100ft = 100/33.3 = 3.0m

iii. To convert meters to feet i.e. m to ft we use the equation 1m = 3.33ft. For
example to convert 100m to ft. Thus, 100m × 3.33 = 333ft.

3.1.5 SITE INSPECTION;

Site inspection is also among the key activity was carry in the organization,
site inspection is a process whereby a planner accompanied by an IT
student visits site to be constructed or under construction in order to inspect
the existing physical characteristics on the site such as drainage, setbacks,
roads, accessibility and capability of lands use activity. For any building to be
approved, site inspection must be carried out by the staff of the board.

22
Figure 4: sketch of a site (plot of land to be developed) after inspection by an
IT student

3.1.7 APPROVAL OF BUILDING PLAN;

 To monitor the project at various stages so as to ensure strict compliance

with the approval plan.

 To confirm whether the site accessible or not.

 To see whether the proposed building plan is computable with other

boundaries around the sites.

 To see whether the site can accommodate the proposed development plan.

 To ensure that site is not located within the public facility setbacks such as

23
 water pipelines.

 To determine beacon number and plot dimension which is compared with

what is title deed plan (TDP) and site development plan.

3.1.6 MAPPING;

Mapping is the way social features of character of environment on paper.

Mapping is primarily done in the board with global positioning system (GPS)
which is the easiest way of mapping places, areas and regions. The devices
use coordinates and the coordinates are taken on paper after which a map is
drawn from the readings obtained. We use the GPS to map many places in the
state.

3.1.7 APPROVAL OF BUILDING PLAN;

For a developer to put any building or structure on the ground he/she must
forward a proposal to the organization to be approved before the
commencement of the building. A developer is expected to attach the
following document with the proposal.

 Certificate of occupancy either from the state or local government

 Sales agreement.

 Grand allocation.

 Four copies of building plan.

24
  Plot number and description.

 Relevant layout/township sheet.

When all these documents are produce by the client, then an application
form will be given and he/she will pay the appropriate revenue charges. After
filling the application, it must follow through the signatory of the authorized
personnel like the chief architect, director town planning, chief surveyor,
cartographer and finally permanent secretary of the board and after that the
plan will be due for site inspection.

3.1.8 CONDITIONS FOR THE APPROVAL OF TEMPORARY

STRUCTURES;

Before approving the installment of any temporary structure staff from the
board must carry out a renaissance survey and the following must be
achieved.

 Ensure that the environment is clean and safe for the specific purpose.

 Ensure that the structure will not disturb visibility of vehicle users.

 Renewable charge must constantly be paid.

 Application must be in written, typed and sign by the applicant.

3.1.9 CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE BOARD;

25
 Land is a valuable asset worth fighting for, Gombe State Urban Planning
and Development Board is highly recognized as a land dispute settlement
center in the state. Most of these disputes are on setbacks, blocking of access
road by a neighbor, extension or encroachment into another man’s land and
ownership of specific plots. When such cases are brought, the board will issue
an invitation letter to whom it may concern (the disputers) and when coming,
they are expected to come with the following documents:

 Site plan of the area as well as site inspection sketch done during the
process of approval. This document is important if the case either on
setbacks or encouragement/extension.

 Certificate of ownership in the case of plot ownership

 Relevant townships layout showing the location of the plot and the plot
number.

When these documents are provided, then the board will examine the
document and dictate where and who is guilty or the causes of the problem.
After that, possible charges will be raised against the found guilty.

3.1.10 LAND ACQUISITION;

Land is being obtained or acquired in two ways, which are as followed;

26
  Statutory title: this is a way by which land is been given or sale by the
ministry of lands and survey to individuals. Signed by the state governor
or the commissioner to the ministry.

 Right of Occupancy: is a paper that indicates the location and the size of
land and survey. and it’s given before the certificates of occupancy.
Because normally the certificates of occupancy take a long period of time
before given to the owner of a plot/land.

 Customary title: this is a process by which an individual inherited plot or a

land from his/her great grandfathers, signed by the head of the place, they
used topographical sheet for the confirmation of ownership, before the
certificate of occupancy is ready.

Based on planning, land for residential land used is categories into three (3)
which are;

a. Low density ------------------ 100m * 75m

b. Medium density ------------- 75m * 50m

c. High density ------------------ 50m * 30m

3.1.11 HOW TO DEVELOPED A PLOT OF LAND;

Design your master plan; after the master plan of your choice has been

27
 made, then you bring to the organization (Proposing for building plan
approval).

Things to consider while developing a plot of land;

i. Location and size of the land.

ii. Number of rooms.

iii. The purpose of building.

iv. Charges; the owner of the land/plot would be charged by the organization
according to the above mentioned items.

v. Site inspection; An act of visitation to the plot or to the land which is to be

constructed or under construction in order to inspect the physical
characteristics such as the accessibility, the setback, the roads, the
drainage, and land used activities.

3.2 PROBLEMS FACED DURING ATTACHMENT

During my SIWES in Gombe State Urban and Planning Development

Authority (G.O.S.U.P.D.A), the problems I faced are mostly on site, some of
these challenges are:

28
 1. INSECURITY ON SITE OR DURING DEVELOPMENT
CONTROL;

This has been as a resultant factor against development control; staffs find
it difficult to undertake their effectively when the need for demolition arises.
During such exercise, the staffs are attack and abuse by some individual that
happen to be illiterates/the literates.

2. INADEQUATE WORKING FACILITIES;

The board has the problem of inadequate working equipment which will
fasten their work. In the town planning unit, lack of adequate drawing
material show down the rate of drawing building and site plan. So also the
equipment used in development control is in adequate they are lacking
adequate demolition equipment such as hammers and shovels.

3. DELAY IN BUILDING APPROVAL;

The long bureaucratic process cause delay in approval of building plan

and as a result of that developers prefer to start developing their respecting
site without the knowledge of the board.

4. INSUFFICIENT OFFICES;

The major problem faced by the board is insufficient offices; only four
senior officers are not sharing their offices in the urban and regional planning
department. Therefore, there is need for office expansion and increment in the

29
 board to facilitate effective work.

5. LACK OF PUBLIC AWARENESS;

The public are not enlightening of the importance of planning and why it
is done, that is the major reason why the board is facing challenges in term of
challenges in term of development control. The public ignore seeking
permission for development and sitting structure and these causes
disorderliness in manners of construction.

3.3 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS.

i. Government should provide enough security during or when on site

(development control) this would be achieved if the protocols followed
before giving the board security personnel are reduced.

ii. Government should provide adequate working equipment for the board by
bringing modern means of executing development control.

30
 CHAPTER FOUR.

4.1 SUMMARY.

Student industrial work experience scheme is designed to fill up the gap

between theoretically teaching and practical aspect of the specific fields. In
Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority (G.O.S.U.P.D.A)
one is able to know what urban planning is all about, generally these reports
consist of what I undergone during the six month training exercise. The place
of attachment is the practical aspect where urban and regional planning is
involved the study of planning evolution and landscaping (beautification) of
urban centers. The most sensitive department of the department of the
organization is town planning which is responsible for carrying out sites
inspections and development control.

Development control as mentioned in this report is the patrolling of the

urban centers in search of planning disorder.

These two exercises are the main assignment of the board. So also the
board gives development permission to all form of development in the state.
The landscaping unit of the board is responsible for the beautification of
the state, this beautification involved the installation and maintenance of
street light, taking care of green area which is the plantation of ornamentals
and fruits in public and governmental buildings the board have power to
formulate and implement planning schemes and it is to provide managements

31
 and maintain public amenities within urban centers.

4.2 CONCLUSION.

Conclusively, the six month of student industrial work experience

undertaken have bridge the gap between the theory and practical as it relate to
urban geography and urban and regional planning. This training exposed me
to various activities that widen my scope to the study of urban geography and
regional planning.

4.3 RECOMMENDATION.

I recommend the continuity of the SIWES in all tertiary institution

because it helps the students in practical aspect and academic performance as
well as work experience.
In order to make this SIWES training easy, student should look for interested
place where gain practical aspect of what they were taught in the classroom.
I also recommend that the government and the school authority should
assist the student in securing a good place for their (I.T) program, because
some students found it difficult in securing a place.
I equally commend the effort of SIWES unit of Modibbo Adama
University, Yola.

32
 REFERENCES.
 A law of the Gombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority
(G.O.S.U.P.D.A) and other related matters.

 Adeline, O A and Olayiwola, L.M [2006] Town planning instrument as a

strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction in Nigeria Land and Good
Government. 5th FIG Regional conference Accra.

 Alhaji Abubakar Habu Hashidu [May 1999]. The democratic and civilized
administration. Allman Dinger Phil and Michael G. [1994] Applying
Loconia Insight and a Dash of Derridean Deconstruction to planning

 Dark Side Planning Theory, Vol 4. Peg 87-112. Alua T. [20 September
2005] Lagos Harmonious Agency Duties to boost Development
Control Vol:22 No.9.805: pg. 39.

 Enyenwa I.A. (1994), Dynamics of paper presented at the 25 Annual

Conference of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners.

 Enyenwa, I.A (1994). Dynamics of development control at the third their

tier system. An overview. A paper presented at the 25th Annual
Conference of the Nigerian Institute of town planners.

33
  Governor Danjuma Goje [2003] Agenda for the coordination of
prospective Develop and investors in metropolis.

 Hoch, Charles, Linda C. Dalton and Frank, S, (2000), The practice of

Local Government Planning, intl City Country Management Assn.; 3rd
edition. ISBN 0-87326-171-2.

 James, Paul; Holdden, Meg;(2013). Managing metropolises by

Negotiating Mega Urban Growth. Innovation Institutional and Social for
Sustainable Urban Development.

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