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    IGCSE BIOLOGY Biological Molecules-Notes

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    rehan nimnada
    Biological molecules like glycogen, cellulose, and starch are made of glucose molecules joined together. Proteins are formed when amino acids join together in a specific sequence. DNA contains the genetic code and is made of nucleotides with a phosphate-sugar backbone and base pairs that connect the two strands like a twisted ladder.

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    IGCSE BIOLOGY Biological Molecules-Notes

    Uploaded by

    rehan nimnada
    252 views11 pages
    Biological molecules like glycogen, cellulose, and starch are made of glucose molecules joined together. Proteins are formed when amino acids join together in a specific sequence. DNA contains the genetic code and is made of nucleotides with a phosphate-sugar backbone and base pairs that connect the two strands like a twisted ladder.

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    IGCSE BIOLOGY Biological molecules-notes

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    Biological molecules like glycogen, cellulose, and starch are made of glucose molecules joined together. Proteins are formed when amino acids join together in a specific sequence. DNA contains the genetic code and is made of nucleotides with a phosphate-sugar backbone and base pairs that connect the two strands like a twisted ladder.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    252 views11 pages

    IGCSE BIOLOGY Biological Molecules-Notes

    Uploaded by

    rehan nimnada
    Biological molecules like glycogen, cellulose, and starch are made of glucose molecules joined together. Proteins are formed when amino acids join together in a specific sequence. DNA contains the genetic code and is made of nucleotides with a phosphate-sugar backbone and base pairs that connect the two strands like a twisted ladder.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    4.

    Biological molecules

    Glycoge
    n, cellulose and starch are all made from glucose molecules
    Structure of a triglyceride
    General amino acid structure

    Amino acids join together to form proteins


    4.2.1 Food Tests

    The Benedict's test for glucose


    The iodine test for starch

    Testing a potato to prove the presence of starch


    The Biuret test for protein
    The ethanol test for lipids
    The DCPIP test for vitamin C

    4.3.1 DNA Structure


    DNA, chromosomes and the nucleus

     The individual units of DNA are called nucleotides

    A nucleotide
    DNA base pairs
    The phosphate and sugar section of the nucleotides form the ‘backbone’ of the DNA strand
    (like the sides of a ladder) and the base pairs of each strand connect to form the rungs of
    the ladder

     The DNA helix is made


    from two strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds
     It is this sequence of bases that holds the code for the formation of proteins

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