WOLKITE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES

A S S E S S I N G T H E C H A L L E N G E S A N D
DECENTRALIZATION IN OROMIA REGIONAL STATE,THE CASE OF
WALISO TOWN

A SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND

ETHICAL EDUCATION FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BACHLOR
OF ART IN CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES.

PREPARED BY;---- MILKESSA AlEMU

ADVISOR:-- TILAHUN TDESE..... (MA)

JUNE, 2021
WOLKITE,ETHIOPIA

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 DECLARATION
T h i s i s t o d e c l a r e t h a t , t h e p a p e r i
A l e m, uA s s e s s i n g t h e c h a l l e n g e s a n d s u c c e s s o f p o w e r d e c e n t r a
regional state, the case of waliso . town
It is submitted to Department of Civics for partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the BA degree in Civics and ethical education compliance
with the regulation of the University and meets the accepted standa
originality and quality.

Signed by the examined committee:

Advisor name................................................ signature, Date.........................

Examiner name................................................. signature, Date...........................

Researcher name................................................ signature, Date............................

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 Acknowledgement
First, words are not enough to express the favor of the almighty God, and I would li
express gratitude to my advisor for his sincerity and faithfulness in all the processing of this
research and his continued provision of many helpful valuable ideas and suggestions. And I
would like to appreciate to all my family and friend those who help me to accomplish
work.

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 Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the scope and implementation of decentralization
power and responsibility in the Administration of waliso town. It particularl
challenges and success of power decentralization . The researcher conducted this Research by
using qualitative and quantitative types of methodology. Primary and secondary sources were
used to conduct this Research. By using these resources, the researcher found political
administrative problems in the study area such as low level of autonomy, lack of competitive
political parties, lack of finance allocation, lack of skilled human power, highly interference of
h i g h e r l e v e l o f g o v e r n m e n t a n d c o r r u p t i o n . T h e r e
Recommendations: the regional government should transfer sufficien
p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s a n d e l e c t o r a t e s s h o u l d b e e x i s t e d i n t h e s t u d i e d To w n a n d s k
power should be to enact and implement.

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Acronym
FDRE: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
TGE: Transitional Government of Ethiopia.
EPRF: Ethiopia People Revolution Front.

Table of Contents
DECLARATION................................................................................................................................................. ii
Acknowledgement.........................................................................................................................................iii
Abstract..........................................................................................................................................................iv
Acronym..........................................................................................................................................................v
CHAPTER ONE.................................................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................1

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1.1 Back ground of the study..........................................................................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the problem.......................................................................................................................2
1.3. Research questions..................................................................................................................................2
1.3.1. General Research question...................................................................................................................2
1.3.2. Specific Research questions..................................................................................................................2
1.4. Objectives of the study............................................................................................................................3
1.4.1. General objective..................................................................................................................................3
1.4.2. Specific Objectives................................................................................................................................3
1.5. Significance of the study..........................................................................................................................3
1.6. Scope of the study................................................................................................................................... 3
1.7. Limitation of the study.............................................................................................................................3
1.8. Organization of the study.........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO................................................................................................................................................5
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...............................................................................................................5
2.1. The Concepts of Decentralization............................................................................................................5
2.2. The Rationales of Decentralization..........................................................................................................5
2.3. Forms of Political Decentralization..........................................................................................................6
2 . 4 . O p p o r t u n i ti e s o f P o l i ti c
Democracy......................................................................................................................................................8
2 . 5 . I n s ti t u ti o n a l S t r u c t u r e , P
Ethiopia...........................................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER THREE............................................................................................................................................11
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................................11
3.1. Description of the study area................................................................................................................11
3.2. Research Design.....................................................................................................................................11
3.3. Source of Data collection.......................................................................................................................12
3.4. Sampling techniques and Size................................................................................................................12
3.5. Method of data analyzing......................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER FOUR.............................................................................................................................................13
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS...........................................................................................................13
4.1. Political Decentralization.......................................................................................................................13
4.2. Administrative Decentralization in Nekemte town................................................................................15
CHAPTER FIVE...............................................................................................................................................18
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................18
5.1. SUMMARIES...........................................................................................................................................18

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5.2. CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................................19
5.3. Recommendations.................................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................................21
APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................................... 22

LIST OF TABLE.

Table 4.1. Personal background of the study…………………………………………………………….12

Table 4.2. The employers response about decentralization of political power…………………………..13

Table 4.3. The town officials response about skilled human power of Nekemte town…………………….14

Table 4.4. The patterns of power decentralization depends on the will of the people……………………15

Table 4.5. The town official’s response on the amount of financial resources in Nekemte town…………..16

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 CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Back ground of the study
The term decentralization embraces a variety of concepts which must be carefully analyzed in
any particular country. Decentralization in its broad sense refers to the division of politic
E c o n o m i c , a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e p o w e r s b e t w e e n t h e c e n t
government(UNDP,2004).
The power of decentralization also applies both to the relations between the federal power and
t h e m e m b e r S t a t e s . Ty p e s o f d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n i n c l u d e p o l i t i c a l , a d m i n
Economic decentralization. In order to insure good service de
community political power of self rule must be down until kebele l
p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h a t p a r t i c u l a r s o c i e t y i n
decentralization focus on devolution of decision making power by crea
government through election in Multi- Party System (Taye, 2007:16). Power decentralization
on the other hand refers to the delegation of function and authority (Tegegne, 2006:158).
Fiscal decentralization deals with the introduction of tax sharing and
between Central and local government and also economic decentralization is the fourth types
of decentralization which refers to the decision making authority over service and Economic
assets (Taye and Tegegne, 2007:40).
In the last quarter of century many countries have been e
decentralization by transferring responsibilities of the state to lower levels of go
because such transfer of power was believed as they brought political stability , democrat
government , service delivery and equity (Taye and Tegegne, 2007:1).
The policy of decentralization is relatively a new phenomenon in Ethiopian politics
2007:73). FDRE Constitution of 1995 established regional state with some powers. The main
objective of Ethiopian decentralization policy was to enable the different ethnic
develop their culture, language, manage socio Economic Development in th
a r e a s , a n d e x e r c i s e s e l f r u l e a n d b r

resources.
1.2 statement of the problem.
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A c c o r d i n g t o ( Te g e g n e , 2 0 0 7 ) power decentralization is a new phenom
government like woliso town in particular and for Ethiopia in general. The pract
p a r t i c u l a r l y s t a r t e d i n 1 9 9 1 w h e n f e d e r a l i s m w a s f o r m e
EPRDF.Before that time ethiopia exercised unitary form of government. The practice created
an opportunity for participation of mass local people at large in decision makin
However, what was not clear the extended to which those powers and res
exercised in practice. Because Ethiopian federalism was criticized as there h
effective devolution of power from regional government to lower level of power. Secondly,
many town of Ethiopia faced lack of capacity such as qualified person, financial inadequacy,
and weak implementation of policy and authoritarian control of higher government over lower
government units. The above listed problems initiated the resear
extended implementation of decentralization system at the study area. To do this the researcher
carried out Research analysis focused on power form of decentralization in the case study of
woliso Town.
1.3 Research objective
1.3.1.General objective
The general objective of this Research will be to assess the challenges and success of power
decentralization particularly in Woliso town.
1.3.2.specific objective
To identify the challenges of power decentralization in the study area.
To evaluate the levels of intervention in woliso Town for decision making.

1.4. Research question.
1.4.1. General Research question
What are the challenges and successes of power decentralization in woliso town?
1.4.2. Specific Research questions

1. What are the challenges of power decentralization in woliso town?

2. What are the levels of freedom in woliso Town for decision making?
3. What are the success aspects of decentralization?

1.5.Significance of the study.

The results and data generate from this study will be help for further research to conduct in

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the area. The study will be a benchmark or ground level for policy makers as an input.Due to
the practice of Power decentralization currently the output of this research will be have some
contributions for others. The power decentralization of Woliso Town may be beneficial from

the findings for further policy making.

1.6. Scope of the study
The study focused on the extent of power decentralization and the implementation process at
woliso town. In assessing the scope implementation process particula

challenges and success of power decentralization.

1.7. Limitation of the study

The study will face by many limitation and challenges such as lack of accurate information,
lack of sufficient written document, lack of research experience, lack of reference material on
the related topic lack of money sufficient,lack of sufficient time and also involuntary
respondents because of related with the problem of corona virus.

1.7. Organization of the study

The research paper will be have five chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction which
mainly encompasses the background of study, statement of the problem, research questions
o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e s t u d y, s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e s t u d y , s c o p e o f s t u d y, l i m i t a
organization of study. Chapter two deal literature review; c
methodology, chapter four data analysis and chapter five is conclusion and recommendation.

CHUPTER 2

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. The Concepts of Decentralization
According to David (1960), decentralization is the process of distributing or dispersing powers
and authorities from the Central government to other local uni
decentralization is the transfer of decision making powers and authority, responsibility from
the center of government structure. The term decentralization re
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political, Economic and administrative powers or responsibilities between the center and local
government/sub national level of government (Eshetu, 1994:1).
Therefore, decentralization refers the form degree and power that the local government hold
and the relations between the federal and member States and the relations between the state
and local authorities in unitary state or between the federated entities and local aut
which they comprises. In short decentralization is an act in which Ce
code/give up powers, responsibilities and other issues to actors and institutions at lower levels
in power and territorial hierarchy (Hotman, 2000:23).
2.2. The Rationales of Decentralization.
D e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n h a s b e e n p u r s u e d b y d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s w i t h d i ff e r e n t o b j e c t i v e , s o
political and other more economic still others give more weight to better service or democracy
(letaietal, 2008:52). According to him decentralization is particularly widespread in developing
countries for variety of reasons. For example in Africa the Advent of multipa
system, in Latin America decentralization has been essential for democratization process.
Generally many countries of the world has engaged in the process of decentralization
different reasons political, economic, administrative and fiscal issues have bee
objectives that preserved many countries to decentralize powers res
governments. Sustainable development is made possible by the effective decentralization o
responsibilities, policy management, decision making au
collection authority to local government.
2.3. Forms of Power Decentralization
Mackinosh and Roy (1999) stated that power decentralization seeks to redistribute authority,
responsibilities and financial resources for providing public service among different levels of
the government. It forms an important aspect of territorial decentralization. It refe
transfer of powers and resources from higher levels of government si
t e r r i t o r i e s o r r e g i o n s w i t h i n t h e c o u n t r y. D e p e n d i n g o n t h e n a t u r e o f d e c e n t r
power centralization has two types zonal these are;
D e c e n t r a l i z a t iiosnt:h e w e a k e s t f o r m o f p o w e r d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n , a s i t d i s t r i b u t e s d e c
m a k i n g a u t h o r i t y, f i n a n c i a l a n d m a n a g e m e n t r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a m o n g t h e d i f f e r
government.
D e l e g a t i iosn a: m o r e e x t e n s i v e t y p e o f p o w e r d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n t h r o u g h

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Central government transfer decision making and power of public functions semi-autonomous
organization (Pekrs and wright, 1996:46).

Political Decentralization.
Political Decentralization focuses on devolution of decision making power by creati
n a t i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t s t h r o u g h e l e c t i o n i n m u l t i p a r t y s y s t e m ( Ta y e a n d Te g e g n e , 2 0 0
P oli tic al D ece ntral izat ion is me ant t o give the loca l people or ele cted Re pres entat ives m
power in public decision making. It is associated with plu
government (Tsegaye, 2006:243). The Concepts implies that the election of Representative
from local electoral jurisdiction allowed elected officials to know the needs and de
their constituents. It assumed that decision made with participation will make the people better
informed and become relevant to diverse local interests than those made only b
political authorities.
Economic political Decentralization.
Economic decentralization refers to the types and degree of decision making authority ov
service Economic assets (Tsegaye, 2006:67). EcoEco.

Characteristics of Successful Decentralization.

The quality of measuring the structure and functions of the system of dece
guided and built on Theoretical assumptions which link three necessary conditions (Tsegaye,
2006:57-80). These are an appropriate structure Democratic system of governa
adequate capacity. An appropriate structure decentralization is an organizational structure i.e. a
pattern according to which tasks and responsibilities have already been formally al
There is no single universal decentralization structure which is best for all countri
circumstances. Appropriateness of decentralization varies according to a number o
that are specific to the objectives and context of sub national governm
systems of governance: decentralization of power does not by itself mean self-governance; it
can only be a real self governing exercise if it is the principles of Democratic governance such
as accountability, transparency, the rule of law, participation and responsiveness.
A n a d eq ua t e c a pa c i ty, a pp ro pr i at e de s i gn s t r uc t ur e a nd g oo d go ve r na nc e d o no t t h em s e

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insure devolution of power (Tsegaye, 2006:87). Effective devolution will occur when elected
local governments have the necessary level of qualified persons, financial resources, skills and
knowledge to formulate, implement and enforce policy decisions. Therefore th
structure and governance should be inter related and linked to capacity.
Local or wereda level Political Decentralization.
Political Decentralization involves at lower level of government such as wereda
level with specific power and functions. In local and in wereda level Political Decentralization
plays an important role in maintaining the security of local or wereda levels o
System of dual accountability underline the operation of regional and wereda council were by
each is acceptable to it is reprieve constituency and council in the next upper tier. Region
council are answerable to the electorate, and federal house of Representatives and enjoy a wide
range of powers without prejudice to the competence and government in the sense of receiving
considerable sub sides through inter governmental transfers (Taye and Tegegne 2004; 12).

2 . 4 . O p p o r t u n i ti e s o f P o l i ti c a l D e c e n t r a l i z a ti o n
Democracy.
Abdullah (2003) stated that, decentralization and local g
increasingly recognized as basic component of Democratic governance, since they provide an
enabling environment in which decision making and service delivery can bring close to th
p e o p l e , e s p e c i a l l y t o l o c a l s o c i e t y. D e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n i s i n s t r u m e n t a l i n t h e o v
reinventing government and it is essential to achieving the internationally s
development goals.
The major opportunities of political Decentralization for the Development of local Democracy
as Abdullah (2003) points out:
1. Local authorities tend to act more in line with local performances to lo
decentralization provides opportunities to marginalized sectors of the local commun
women in some countries to participate at the local level enabling more sensitive to po
formulation and implementation.
2. It tends to enhance transparency and accountability in the local community.
3 . I t i n c r e a s e s e f f e c t i v e n e s s i n s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y l
governmental employee for example in local schools and health clini
officials receive complaints from their constituents and can improve deplane.
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 4. Decentralization provides bureaucratic with every warning of pote
enabling quick remedial action.
5. Decentralization makes development projects more sustainable and cost effective because
local people are more likely to be involved in their design , execution and monitoring.
6. Decentralization encourages communities to find solutions to their everyday problems in
y i e l d i n g i n n o v a t i v e
conditions.
2 . 5 . I n s ti t u ti o n a l S t r u c t u r e , P o w e r a n d A c c o u n t a b i l i t y
Ethiopia.
The current Ethiopia state structure has five tiers of government i.e. the federa
zonal, wereda, and kebele levels (Taye and Tegegne, 2007:45). FDRE Constitution however
clearly established two levels of government i.e. the federal and regi
Constitution article 50) the remaining levels of government are established by the re
State Constitutions. The federal level of government is the highest level of government unit in
Ethiopia. It has the legislative (directly elected by the people of Ethiopia). The executive and
judiciary organs. The regional governments are the second level of government uni
have legislative, executive, and judiciary organs. The regional State co
organs of the regional government organs, are responsible to the people of the state and have
significant power and functions. Determining the establishment and the powers of the lo
government is amateur left to the regional governments Constitution defines the structure and
power of local government within the jurisdiction the relevant reg
categories of local government have been established by the regional State Constitutions. The
regular local government and ethnic local government. The regular local government is made
up of wereda administration and City administrations. Ethnic local government on other hand
is made up of nunu kumba wereda and nationality zones. Both nationality zones and nun
kumba wereda have more powers than regular local government units. The status of zonal tires
of government remains unclear and varies from one regional to another (Taye and Tegegne,
2007:67). for example in SNNP regional State, zones elect their councils, but in other regional
State formally zonal tires administrations come in regional State and wereda administrations.
There is also asymmetry between zonal governments (Yilmaze and Venugo pol, 2008:45). In
the oromia are zones with active administrative units and play significant roles while amhara

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and Tigray they are intermediaries.
Challenge of Political Decentralization for the Development of Local Democracy.
D e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n r e q u i r e s c o o r d i n a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e
regulations not less to insure basic transparency, accountability, and representation. The state
also has to raise adequate fiscal resources that the decentralization is influenced by a country
size population it's political and Institutional inheritance effect on the design and modalities of
decentralization, adequacy of fiscal resources to transfer to sub national government efficiency
of technical or skilled personnel at all levels of government are important ing
successful decentralization. However, politicians have more often than not used the slogan of
as rhetoric to strengthen their own power base rather than improve governance. In practice the
lack of willingness of center to share power has been a major impedi
Decentralization. Infect the inability to make the transition to people centered governance with
its commensurate implications for participation and empowerment its perhaps bigger b
neck in the process of decentralization than legislative changes which in their own right are
also crucial. Finally the lack of public awareness and absence of a culture of participation and
weak voice of particularly the poor and marginalize sections of the population has inhibit the
development (Baffaur-Georg, 2003:34).

CHAPTER THREE
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Description of the study area.

The study area is in woliso town which is south western shoa zone. Woliso town is located in
the western part of Oromia regional state that is 114km far from Addis Abeba and found on

15
the main road of Addis Abeba to Jima. The astronomical location of woliso town is between 8-
32N37-58E latitude and 8.533N37.967E longitude with elevation of 2063m above sea level.
According to national consensus 2009 a total population for woliso town 59.685 of
18.880 were male and 18.998female.The majority of the in habitant pr
orthodox christian with 63.29% of the population reporting the observed these beliefs,whil
19.06%of the population was protestant and 16.36% of the total population were muslims(the
woliso town administration statics bureau ,2010).
3.2. research Design
To c o n d u c t t h e s t u d y t h e r e s e a r c h e r a p p l i e s d e s c r i p t i v e t y p e s o f R e s e a r
pertinent and precise information concerning the current state of phenomena and draw valid
conclusion from the facts discover. This type of Research may results in the formulation

significant problems concerning local and state issues.


The researcher will be used primary and secondary sources. Primary source we
through questioners or interviews. From the officials of woli
respondents. Secondary data are extract from different books, magazines
unpublished workshop papers are required for the study. Here the researcher will be prepared

close, and open ended questionnaires? for the respondents.

3.4. Sampling techniques and Size.

In order to get the correct and necessary data from the respondents through question
interviews, the researcher use random sampling Method. As a result of this the re
r a n d o m l y s e l e c t 2 0 e m p l o y e e s i n 2 o f f i c i a l s o f w o l i s o To w n a d m i n i s t r a t i v e . ; a n d 2
Town administrative officials.
3.5. Method of data analyzing
The data that will be collect from different Sources conduct by researcher, because data will
analyze in table form, and percentage form in the research. And qualitativ
conduct by researcher through questioners or interviews.

CHAPTER FOUR

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 4. DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Political Decentralization.
In this topic, the researcher - analyzed the system of power Decentralization. The extent of
town’s powers and function, the relations of woliso town with regional government and th
zones administration. Political participation of the peop
qualification of the electorate has been analyzed. Woliso Town government has low power
and functions because the town administration government has v
administer itself and it has really practiced certain functions re
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s l i k e ; e d u c a t i o n , w a t e r s u p p l y, r o a d a n d p r o t e c t i n g h i s t o r i c a l i n s t i
like.
In addition to this, the respondents stated that woliso town government has no
powers and its main roles are to enact, directive, and implement the regional
government laws and policies. woliso Town administration has the following basic powers and
functions: enacting directives; prepare social, Economic, and administrative plans, prepare the
annual budget of the town, implement policies, laws and regulations enacted by the federal and
regional governments and collect rural land user- fees. But these powers are not sufficient for
self administration. Therefore, it can be possible to say that, woliso town government is semi
autonomous government units. Many of the respondents stated that the regional governments
usually intervene in the affairs of the town government when there is maladmin
Budget administration problem and financial support, Hence, it indicates
governments interferes on the town administrative government issues in different ways such as
political and economically.
Table 4.1. Personal background of the respondents
Sex No. Of respondents % of respondents
Male 13 65%
Female 7 35%
Total 20 100%
Religion -- --
Muslim 7 35%
Orthodox 6 30%
Protestant 5 25%

17
 Others 2 10%
Total 20 100%
Age -- --
25-35 5 25%
36-45 10 50%
More than 46 5 25%
Total 20 100%
Source; my own survey, (2019).
As table 4.1 above shows the personal background of respondents and
respondents 13(65%) are male. And the rest minority of the respondents 7(35%) are females.
Also majority of the age groups of respondents 10(50%) are between age group of 36-45, and
rest half of respondents were age groups between 25-35, and more than 46 ages.
The religious characteristics of respondents, their majority were Muslims 7(35%). and 6(30%)
of respondents were Orthodox. also 5(25%) were Protestants, and the rest of 2(10%)
other religions.
Table 4.2. The employer’s response about Decentralization of political power.

To what extent oromia Regional government decentralize power to the Nekemte town administration?

Position No. of respondents % of respondents

Very high 1 5%

High 8 40%

Moderate 9 45%

Low 2 10%

Total 20 100%

Source: - Own Survey, (2018).

As table 4.2 shows that 1(5%) person of the respondents are saying O
government decentralize power to the woliso town administration very highly. And 8(40%) of
the respondents response is high power decentralization between them, and then majority of
respondents 9(45%) give their answer saying there is moderate power decentralizatio
Oromia Regional government shares power to the woliso town administration govern
The final 2(10%) respondents are agreed that the power decentralization that Oromia Regional
g o v e r n m e n t s h a r e s f o r t h e w o l i s o t o w n a d m i n i s t r a t i o n g o v e r n m e n t w e r e l o w. T h e

18
above table shows that the majority of respondents are decided on there is moderate pow
decentralization share that woliso town administration g
Regional state government.
4.2. Administrative Decentralization in woliso Town
In this topic, the researcher investigates the implementation of policies and plans
human power and financial resources. Administrative Decentralization refers the transfers of
responsibility and resources among different levels of government. Effective Decentralization
will occur when elected local governments have necessary levels
financial resources, and skilled man power to implement and
(Tsegaye, 2005:44).
Table 4.3. The town official’s response about skilled human power of woliso Town
Do you agree that the town government has enough skilled man power?
Position No.of respondents % of respondents

Strongly agree 1 5%

Agree 10 50%

Dis agree 9 45%

Undecided 0 0%

Total 20 100%

Source: - Own survey, (2019).

As it is described in the above table4.3 (5%) peoples are strongly agreed with woliso Town
has enough skilled human power to administer itself and 10(50%) of the respondents agreed
w i t h t h e g o v e r n m e n t h a s e n o u g h s k i l l e d h u m a n p o w e r. O n t h e o t h e r h a n d 9 ( 4
respondents disagreed with the question because many person in woliso town are no
trained and experienced. In addition to this, some respondents stated that
political influence are the major problems. For example many of the town officials and civil
servants are appointed by their relatives and friends. This shows that although there are many
skilled human power, appointment problem and corruption are prevailed in the study area.
Table 4.4. The patterns of power Decentralization depends on the will of the people
Do you agree that the plans prepared by the town’s government is based on the interest of people?

Position No. Of respondents % of respondents

Strongly agree 2 10%

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Agree 10 50%

Dis agree 8 40%

Undecided 0 0%

Total 20 100%

Does the people participate in the decision making process

Yes 12 40%

No 8 60%

Total 20 100%

Source: - Own Survey, (2019).

As table 4.4 above shows 2(10%) respondents are strongly agree on the p
government was prepared based on the interests of the people. But majority of the respondents
10(50%) are agreed on the above questions. The rest 8(40%) of respondents don't agreed up
on. Because they put many reasons those are most of the town officials were selfish and not
accept the decisions of the towns people, and the most serious Problems in the Towns official
was high degree of corruption etc.

Table 4.5. The Town official’s response on the amount of financial resources in Nekemte
Town.
Do you agree that the town government has adequate financial resources?
Position No.of respondents % of respondents
Strongly agree 0 0%
Agree 11 55%
Dis agree 9 45%
Undecided 0 0%
Total 20 100%
Source; Own survey, (2019).
The above table shows that 11(55%) of the respondents agreed that woliso Town has sufficient
financial resources, and also 9(45%) of the resres is strong corruption in the town. i.e. there are
many officials take out the wealth and resources of government/people for their personal use.
last comment

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 CHAPTER FIVE
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION.
The objective of this chapter is to summarize the main findings of the research as discussed
and analyzed in the preceding and provide conclusion and recommenda
findings.
5.1. SUMMARIES
The previous chapter had provided information regarding to the assessment of political an
administrative Decentralization in the woliso Town administration of Oromia Regional State
Government. Therefore, based on the previous chapter and data analysis the findings of this
study are summarized as follows: Decentralization of this power and responsibility to woliso
Town government is one Method that play a good role for development and minimizes the task
of the central government. If Town's governments have sufficient power and functions it can
be quad independent from the Central and regional governments and administer the people of
t h e t o w n v e r y w e l l . I n w o l i s o To w n , t h e n o t i o n o f d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n e n h a n c e s t
participation in socio-economic and political issues, realizes peace and security and promotes
the people to develop their town.
The policies, plans and directives are enacted by town council; th
problems because these policies and directives are not always fit with the primary interest of
t h e t o w n p e o p l e . A d d i t i o n a l l y, t h e r e a r e m a n y p r o b l e m s t h a t h i n d e r t
d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n i n w o l i s o To w n . T h e f i r s t p r o b l e m i s h i g h l y i n t e r v e n t i o n
g o v e r n m e n t a n d z o n a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i n t h e a f f a i r s o f
government is highly interfering in woliso Town government in all aspects. Therefore woliso
Town government council uphold down top accountability to higher level of government and
downwards accountability to its citizen.
T h e s e c o n d p r o b l e m i s l a c k o f f i n a n c e a n d s k i l l e d h u m a n p o we r. T h e
corruption. Corruption is one of the other challenges for the performance of Decentralization
in in woliso Town. It negativity affected the performance of policies, plans and directives.

5.2. CONCLUSIONS.
Now a days, countries around the world have shown a tendency towards decentralization and
local government for different reasons and in different periods. It has been widely accepte
that by providing power and duties for each tiers of government and by enh

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governments’ decision making power one can promoting developments and democracy at the
local level. In this topic the researcher concluded evidences that are related to Political
administrative Decentralization in woliso Town of Oromia Regional State. Sufficient power is
essential governments to administer its people. However woliso town administration has not
s u ff i c i e n t p o w e r a n d f u n c t i o n s . I n d e e d , t h e To w n ' s c o u n c i l o n l y e n a c t s d i r e c t i v e s a n d
plans that are used as instrument laws enacted by the council of regional government. It shows
that woliso Town administration has implemented the laws and policies that are enacted by the
federal and regional governments. The regional and zonal administration not only supervis
but also control the government organs on woliso Town in every aspects. Hence the woliso
Town administration significantly performs infrastructure like, road, school, and water supply,
p r o t e c t s p e a c e a n d s e c u r i t y, a d m i n i s t e r i n g h u m a n r e s o u r c e s l a n d a n d s e t t h e a n n u a l T
budget. However the aforementioned activities have been performed significantly. There are
many challenges that negativity affects its effectiveness. Lack of educated human power, lack
of allocation of enough budget, over interference of zone adm
government, corruption, weak directives and lack of smooth
governments officials are the major problems
5.3. Recommendations.
Based on the data presented, analyzed, and concluded the following recommendations will be
forwarded:
✓ Sufficient power and functions are very essential to local government. However, woliso
Town administration has no such power. Therefore, the regional government should transfer
sufficient power and responsibility.
✓ Woliso Town administration is not semi-autonomous and self governing unit because the
regional government and zonal administration highly interfere in the affairs of the town. Hence
the power and responsibility should be demarcated the higher level of the government should
not interfere in the affairs of the town.
✓ Multi party system and professional legislators are very essential for the Development of
wolisoTown administration because it proved policy choices to the town peoples. However, all
members of the ruling party system and there are no political parties. So multi party system
and trained electorate should be existed or necessary in the woliso town because that is th
interest of the peoples of the town.

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✓ Skilled human power is very essential to perform power and responsibility. In woliso Town
administration, although there is no trained human power, because they are not appointed by
their skill and merit.

REFERENCES
 Assefa Fisha (2006). Federalism and the Accommodation of Diversity in E
comparative study Nezerlands; University of Utrecht.
 Eshetu Chole (1994). Fiscal Decentralization in Ethiopia .Addis Ababa printing press.
 FDRE.1995 Constitution of the Federal Negarit Gazeta Proclamation No.1/1995. Addis
Ababa.
 M e h e r e t Ay e n e w ( 1 9 9 8 ) s o m e p a r l i a m e n t a r y o b s e r v
administrative Gaps in Ethiopia decentralization process.

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  Mustafa Ben letaif et al (2008). Decentralization and local Democracy In the world;
First global report by United cities and local governments. United States of America:
world Bank.
 Solomon Nigussie (2006). Fiscal federalism in the Ethiopian ethnic
system. Netherland: University of Utrecht.
 Taye and Tegegne Gebre Egziabher (2007). Decentralization in Ethiopian. Addis Ababa
printing press.
 Traditional government of Ethiopia (TGE).1991, the
Proclamation No.7/1992: Addis Ababa printing press.
 Ts e g a y e Te g e g n e ( 2 0 0 6 ) . E v a l u a t i o n o f t h e o p e r a t i o n s a n d p e r f o r m
Decentralization system in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa printing press.

general comment

APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRES
WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
COLLAGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITY

Research questionnaires.
This questionnaires is prepared by Dechasa Fekede for The in partial fulfillment of bachelor of
arts degree of civics and ethical studies. The main aim of these questionnaires is to serve as a
data in assessing the challenges and success of power decentralization in Oromia
s t a t e , t h e c a s e o f w o l i s o To w n . T h e d a t a c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e r e s p o n d e n t s a r e u s e d f

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academic purposes. Therefore the respondents are hoped to give genuine and clear information
freely.
Personal background of the respondents.
1- Sex. A, male B, female
2- Age. A, 25-35. B, 36-45. C, more than 46
3- Religion. A, Muslim. B, Orthodox. C, Protestant. D, Others

Part one close ended questionnaire for civil servants.

Instruction 1: the following questionnaires are close ended questions.
1. To what extent does the Oromia regional government decentralize power to the wolisoTown
administration government?
A. very high. B. high. C. moderate. D. low.
2 . D o y o u a g r e e t h a t t h e e l e c t o r a t e i s s u f f i c i e n t k n o w l e d g e t o m a k e To w n '
strategies?
A. strongly agree. B. agrees. C. dis agree. D. undecided.
3. Do you agree that the plans were prepared by the Town's government based on interest of
people?
A. strongly agrees. B. agrees. C. dis agree. D. undecided.
4. Do you agree that the Towns government has enough skilled human power?
A. strongly agrees. B. agrees. C. dis agree. D. undecided

Part two: partially open-ended questionnaires for some civil servants of woliso town.
Instruction 2: Dear respondents the following questionnaires has both closed and open-ended
questions please circle the possible answers first and put your addition informatio
provided blank space.
1. In what ways have power decentralization changed the life of society?
A. realizes active community participation
B. bring socio cultural development
C. bring peace and security
D. minimizes over bureaucracy
Other
...............................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................
2. Does the people participate in decision making process?
A. Yes. B. No
3 . W h a t a r e t h e m a j o r c h a l l e n g e s t h e n e g a t i v e l y a f f e
Decentralization in woliso town?
A. shortage of finance. B. shortage of skilled human power
C. Corruption. D. Intervention of higher level of government

Interviews question for the woliso town administrative officials.

• Does the woliso town government has autonomous authority?
• Does the woliso town council has sufficient knowledge?
• How does the Town's government relate with the zonal and regional government?

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