New Senior Secondary MASTERING BIOLOGY OXFORD Mock - Bio - Set6 - e

DSE
New Senior Secondary

BIO MASTERING BIOLOGY
Mock Exam VI
(Second Edition)
PAPER 1A
BIOLOGY PAPER 1
HKDSE MOCK EXAM VI
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes

This paper must be answered in English
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1 There are TWO sections, A and B, in this Paper. You are advised to finish Section A in about 35 minutes.
2 Section A consists of multiple-choice questions in this question paper. Section B contains conventional
questions printed separately in Question-Answer Book B.
3 Answers to Section A should be marked on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet while answers to Section B
should be written in the spaces provided in Question-Answer Book B. The Answer Sheet for Section A and
the Question-Answer Book B for Section B will be collected separately at the end of the examination.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION A (MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)
1 Read carefully the instructions on the Answer Sheet. After the announcement of the start of the examination,
you should first stick a barcode label and insert the information required in the spaces provided. No extra time
will be given for sticking on the barcode label after the ‘Time is up’ announcement.
2 When told to open this book, you should check that all the questions are there. Look for the words ‘END OF
SECTION A’ after the last question.
3 All questions carry equal marks.
4 ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. You are advised to use an HB pencil to mark all the answers on the Answer
Sheet, so that wrong marks can be completely erased with a clean rubber. You must mark the answers clearly;
otherwise you will lose marks if the answers cannot be captured.
5 You should mark only ONE answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will receive
NO MARKS for that question.
6 No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.
Not to be taken away before the

end of the examination session
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Mock Exam VI Biology Paper 1 Section A -1-
 Oxford University Press 2015
There are 36 questions in this section.
The diagrams in this section are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
Directions: Questions 1 to 3 refer to the photomicrograph below, which shows some protists found
in a water sample.
M
×
protist
×N
1 The protists were observed using a light microscope with a 10X eyepiece and a 10X objective. The
actual length, MN, of the protist is
A 2 cm.
B 2 mm.
C 0.2 mm.
D 0.02 mm.
2 Which of the following is/are the advantage(s) of using electron microscopes over light
microscopes to observe the protists?
(1) Continuous movement of the protists can be observed.
(2) The external structures of the protists can be shown in more detail.
(3) The colour of the internal structures of the protists can be shown.
A (1) only B (2) only

C (1) and (3) only D (2) and (3) only
3 The protists have special vacuoles to collect excess water which has entered the protists by
osmosis. These vacuoles can contract to expel the excess water from the protists. Given that the
solute concentration of the cytoplasm of the protists is 1.5%. The rate of contraction of the vacuoles
would be the fastest when the protists are put in
A distilled water.
B a solution with a solute concentration of 1%.
C a solution with a solute concentration of 1.3%.
D a solution with a solute concentration of 1.8%.

Directions: Questions 4 and 5 refer to the electron micrograph below, which shows the bacteria
which cause cholera. The toxin from the bacteria can chemically alter a certain
component in the cell membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. The component,
responsible for the transport of chloride ions, therefore cannot work and chloride ions
are released from the intestinal epithelial cells into the lumen of the small intestine.
(x 6000)
(Photo credit: CDC / James Gathany)
4 Which labelled component of the following cell membrane model is most probably altered by the
toxin?
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
A (1)
B (2)
C (3)
D (4)
5 People with cholera have watery faeces. Which of the following is the correct explanation?
A The presence of chloride ions in the lumen lowers the water potential and water moves out of
the intestinal cells into the lumen by diffusion.
B The presence of chloride ions in the lumen raises the water potential and water moves out of
the intestinal cells into the lumen by diffusion.
C The presence of chloride ions in the lumen lowers the water potential and water moves out of
the intestinal cells into the lumen by osmosis.
D The presence of chloride ions in the lumen raises the water potential and water moves out of
the intestinal cells into the lumen by osmosis.

6 The diagram below shows the appearance of some Zebrina epidermal cells after they have been
immersed in a sugar solution for an hour.
cell Y
cell X
cytoplasm with
red pigment
cell Z
Which of the following statements about cells X, Y and Z is/are correct?

(1) Cell Y loses water at a higher rate than cell Z.
(2) The original water potential of cell Y is more negative than that of cell X.
(3) The original water potential of the sugar solution is more negative than that of cell Z.
A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (2) and (3) only
7 The diagram below shows the energy profile for a biochemical reaction not catalysed by an
enzyme.
R
energy level
progress of reaction
Which energy will decrease if this reaction is catalysed by an enzyme?

A Q only
B S only
C P and R only
D P and S only

8 The diagram below shows the composition of milk.
water
86.2%
fats milk sugars
milk
4.1% 5.3%
milk solids
13.8%
non-fat solids proteins
9.7% 3.5%
minerals
0.9%
Which of the components in milk provide(s) the largest amount of energy?

A water
B milk sugars
C fats
D proteins
Directions: Questions 9 and 10 refer to the diagram below, which shows some blood vessels
connected to the liver.
Z
direction of
blood flow
liver
W Y
X
small intestine
9 Which of the labelled blood vessels has the smallest lumen?

A W
B X
C Y
D Z
10 After a fatty meal, the blood in which labelled blood vessels contains the largest amount of lipids?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
11 The photomicrograph below shows the appearance of part of the upper epidermis of a leaf of a
floating plant.
Which of the following statements about cell X and cell Y is/are correct?
(1) Cell X contains chloroplasts but cell Y does not.
(2) The thickness of the cell wall of cell X is uneven while that of cell Y is even.
(3) Both cell X and cell Y are absent in the lower epidermis of the leaf.
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
12 The diagram below shows the cell cycle of an animal cell.
interphase
cytokinesis
S
R mitosis
A scientist supplied the cell with radioactive adenine. At which time of the cell cycle would
radioactivity start to be detected in the chromosomes of the cell?
A time P
B time Q
C time R
D time S

Directions: Questions 13 and 14 refer to the graph below, which shows the net uptake or release of
carbon dioxide of a plant in 12 hours of a sunny day.
net uptake of M
carbon dioxide
(arbitrary unit)
Q time of
0
P R S T the day
net release of N
carbon dioxide
(arbitrary unit)
13 In which periods of time did the plant carry out photosynthesis and respiration?
Photosynthesis Respiration
A P to R R to T
B R to T P to T
C Q to T P to T
D Q to T P to Q
14 If the measurement was made on a cloudy day, which of the following would happen?
A Both the values of M and N would decrease.
B Both the values of M and N would increase.
C The value of M would remain unchanged while the value of N would increase.
D The value of M would decrease while the value of N would remain unchanged.
15 The key below is constructed for identifying four groups of organisms.

1a No true nucleus ………………………................................ Group I
1b With a true nucleus …………………………….................. 2
2a Unicellular ……………………………………….……….. Group II
2b Multicellular ……………………………………………… 3
3a Without a cell wall ..………………………………………. Group III
3b With a cell wall ………………………………..………….. Group IV
Which group does yeast belong to?
A Group I
B Group II
C Group III
D Group IV

16 The photograph below shows a daffodil plant.
Which of the following statements about structure X is/are correct?

(1) It is a rhizome.
(2) It stores a lot of food.
(3) It contains buds and seeds.
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
17 The diagram below shows a vertical section of a flower.
Meiotic cell division takes place in structure(s)

A R only.
B P and Q only.
C Q and R only.
D P, Q, R and S.

Directions: Questions 18 and 19 refer to the diagram below, which shows the human male
reproductive system.
2
3
4
5
18 If structure 1 on both sides of the body of a man are tied and cut, which of the following will
happen?
(1) No sperms will be produced in the body of the man.
(2) Pubic hair of the man will become thinner.
(3) The man will still be able to ejaculate.
A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
19 Which of the following combinations of the structure and its function is incorrectly matched?
Structure Function
A 2 produces male sex hormones
B 3 transfers semen into the female’s vagina
C 4 stores sperms
D 5 produces sperms
20 A student put a germinating seed into a blue dye. The dye decolourizes in tissues that carry out
respiration actively. Which of the following correctly shows the colour of the dye in different parts
of the seed?
Radicle Plumule Cotyledons
A colourless colourless colourless
B colourless colourless blue
C blue blue colourless
D blue colourless blue

21 The diagram below shows the structure of a human ear.
3 4
Which structure(s) of the ear detect(s) sound vibration?
A 3 only
B 4 only
C 2, 3 and 4 only
D 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
22 The diagram below shows the arrangement of some neurones in a person.
arm
to brain from brain
effector
(1) (2)
(3)
receptor
(5)
(4)
spinal cord
The person raises his hand to call a taxi. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the
neurones involved in this action?
A (2)  (3)
B (3)  (4)  (5)
C (5)  (4)  (3)
D (5)  (4)  (1)  (2)  (3)

Mock Exam VI Biology Paper 1 Section A - 10 -
23 What is/are the function(s) of ligaments in the elbow joint?
(1) transmit the force exerted by the lower arm to the upper arm
(2) hold the bones of the upper arm and lower arm in position
(3) reduce friction between the bones of the upper arm and lower arm
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (2) and (3) only
24 The graph below shows the amount of a hormone produced by the body as the blood glucose level
varies.
amount of
hormone
produced
(arbitrary unit)
blood glucose level
Which of the following is an action of this hormone on the body?

A It stimulates the excretion of glucose in urine.
B It stimulates the uptake of glucose by the body cells.
C It stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
D It stimulates the absorption of glucose in the small intestine.
25 The base sequence on a part of the template strand of a gene is shown below.
… TA C A G T C A G T G C … .
direction of transcription
During transcription, one base has been deleted from the sequence. This results in a polypeptide
which is much shorter than the normal one. Given that UAA, UAG and UGA are stop codons,
which base in the above sequence has most probably been deleted during transcription?
A the third base C B the fifth base G
C the seventh base C D the ninth base G

26 The graph below shows the number of different species of organisms recorded in four sites.
100
90
80
number of organisms
Key:
70
60 site I
site II
50
site III
40 site IV
30
20
10
0
species W species X species Y species Z
Which site has the highest species diversity?

A site I
B site II
C site III
D site IV
27 Which of the following combinations of the processes in the nitrogen cycle and the products of the
processes is correct?
Process Product
A denitrification nitrogen
B nitrification ammonium compounds
C nitrogen fixation nitrogen
D microbial decomposition nitrogen dioxide
28 Which of the following is/are the common substance(s) formed in the Krebs cycle and alcoholic
fermentation?
(1) ATP
(2) carbon dioxide
(3) NADH
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Questions 29 and 30 refer to the set-up below, which is used to study the effect of light
intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in Hydrilla.
graduated
tube
dilute sodium
hydrogencarbonate
solution
Hydrilla light
29 Which of the following correctly identify the variables in the experiment?

Dependent variable Independent variable
A light intensity temperature
B light intensity rate of gas production
C rate of gas production temperature
D rate of gas production light intensity
30 Which of the following graphs correctly represents the changes in the rate of photosynthesis of the
Hydrilla at different light intensities?
rate of gas production
A B
(cm h )
(cm h )
3 –1
3 –1
light intensity light intensity

darkness darkness
C D
(cm h )
(cm h )
3 –1
3 –1
light intensity light intensity

darkness darkness

31 Ebola virus disease (EVD) is caused by Ebola virus. The virus is present in the body fluids of EVD
patients. Other people may become infected when the virus enters their bodies through the mucous
membranes or the wounds.
Which of the following is the most effective measure to reduce the spread of EVD?
A spray pesticides
B sterilize drinking water
C cook the food thoroughly
D wear gloves when handling wounds
32 The flow chart below shows the response of our immune system after a pathogen has entered our
body.
multiplies and
differentiates proteins
activates activates produces
into which cause
pathogen cell X cell Y cell Z
agglutination
of pathogen
What are cells X and Z?
X Z
A plasma cell phagocyte
B killer T cell plasma cell
C helper T cell killer T cell
D helper T cell plasma cell
33 A girl broke a glass and cut her arm. Which of the following events occurred at the wound to
protect her from diseases?
A Capillaries near the wound dilated.
B Blood flow to the wound increased.
C Fibrinogen trapped blood cells to seal the wound.
D Permeability of capillaries decreased.
34 Which of the following disproves Lamarck’s theory of evolution?

A Giraffes have a long neck to feed on taller trees.
B Tortoises on different islands have shells of different shapes.
C Repeated use of a particular insecticide leads to an increase in the population of mosquitoes
resistant to the insecticide.
D Mice with the tails cut away in consecutive generations give birth to offspring with tails.

Directions: Questions 35 and 36 refer to the table below, which shows the characters of four
children in a family.
Height (cm) Blood group Eye colour

Suzie 156 A Brown
Sally 160 O Brown
Eric 176 A Blue
Kenny 180 AB Blue
35 Suzie and Sally are twins. Which of the following information allows you to determine whether
they are identical twins or fraternal twins?
(1) They are different in height.
(2) They are of different blood groups.
(3) They have the same eye colour.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (3) only
D (1) and (2) only
36 Which of the following are the possible blood groups of their parents?
(1) A and B
(2) AB and A
(3) AB and O
A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (2) and (3) only
– END OF SECTION A –
Go on to Question-Answer Book B for questions on Section B

Biology Paper 1 Section A

DSE
BIO
Mock Exam VI
B Please stick the barcode label here.
PAPER 1B

Candidate Number
MASTERING BIOLOGY
(Second Edition)
BIOLOGY PAPER 1
HKDSE MOCK EXAM VI
SECTION B: Question-Answer Book B
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION B
1 After the announcement of the start of the examination, you

should first write your Candidate Number in the space
provided on Page 17 and stick barcode labels in the spaces
provided on Pages 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33 and 35.
2 Refer to the general instructions on the cover of the Question

Paper for Section A.
3 Answer ALL questions.
4 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this

Question-Answer Book. Do not write in the margins. Answers
written in the margins will not be marked.
5 Supplementary answer sheets will be supplied on request.

Write your Candidate Number, mark the question number box
and stick a barcode label on each sheet, and fasten them with
string INSIDE this Question-Answer Book.
6 Present your answers in paragraphs wherever appropriate.
7 The diagrams in this section are NOT necessarily drawn to

scale.
8 No extra time will be given to candidates for sticking on the

barcode labels or filling in the question number boxes after the
‘Time is up’ announcement.

Mock Exam VI Biology Paper 1 Section B - 17 -
SECTION B
Answer ALL questions. Put your answers in the spaces provided.
1 For each enzyme listed in column 1, select from column 2 one application of that enzyme in
daily life. Put the appropriate letter in the space provided. (3 marks)
Column 1 Column 2
Protease ________ A Breaks down pectin in fruit juice production
B Produces a stonewashing effect in jeans
Lipase ________ C Coagulates milk in cheese production
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

D Removes oily stains on clothes
Cellulase ________ E Liquefies sugary fillings in the production of

liquid-centred chocolates
2 The graph below shows the change in the volume of the lungs of a person in 8 seconds.
3000
volume of lungs (cm )
3
2500
2000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
time (s)
a From the graph, when was the first period of time during which air was flowing into the
lungs of that person? (1 mark)

Please stick the barcode label here.
b Explain how the change in the volume of the lungs was brought about during the period
of time in a. (3 marks)

c Given that inhaled air and exhaled air contain 21% and 16% of oxygen respectively.
Calculate the volume of oxygen taken up by the lungs of that person in 1 minute.
Show your working. (2 marks)

3 The photograph below shows a seed of a certain species of plant.
seed

a From which part of the plant did the seed develop? (1 mark)
b With reference to one feature observed in the photograph, suggest how the seed is
dispersed. (2 marks)
c Give one possible reason why the seed does not germinate even if it is dispersed to a
place where the temperature is favourable to seed germination. (1 mark)

4 The photograph below shows the front view of a human eye.
X
Z
a Name part X and part Y. (2 marks)


b Briefly explain why part Z is black in colour. (2 marks)
c The size of part Z will change if bright light is shone into the eye. Why can this response
be used to determine roughly if a person has a blood alcohol level above a certain value?
(1 mark)

5 The diagram below shows a synapse.
axon X dendron

a State the function of structure X in the transmission of nerve impulses. (1 mark)
b Give one importance of the synapse in the transmission of nerve impulses. Support your
answer with one feature observed from the diagram. (2 marks)

c Compare the way of transmission of messages across a synapse between two neurones
and that across a neuromuscular junction. (3 marks)

6 The table below shows some historical developments in the knowledge of diabetes mellitus.
Time Observation / findings
mid 19th century People believed that diabetes mellitus was a kidney disease in
which the kidneys failed to retain sugar.
1889 Oskar Minkowski noticed that sugar was present in the urine of
the dogs whose pancreases were removed. After further
investigation, he found that diabetes mellitus was linked to the
pancreas.
1921 Banting and Best prepared a pancreas extract of cattle and used it
to treat a diabetic patient successfully.

a Explain why sugar was present in the urine of the dogs whose pancreases were removed.
(2 marks)
b State one aspect of the nature of science that is demonstrated in the developments in the
knowledge of diabetes mellitus. (1 mark)

7 Some women who have been diagnosed with cervical cancer were included in a study. The
percentages of them having either type of human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV 16 or 18, were
recorded. The graph below shows the results.
HPV 16
HPV 18
0 20 40 60

percentage
a A student concluded that ‘HPV causes cervical cancer’ after reading the results of the
study. State one reason why his conclusion may not be correct. (1 mark)
b A vaccine has been developed to prevent the infections with HPV 16 and 18. Explain
why the vaccine cannot prevent infections with other types of HPV. (2 marks)

8 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of bile salts on the digestion of lipids.
Three test tubes with the following contents were prepared.
Tube Milk (cm3) Lipase (cm3) Bile salt solution (cm3) Water (cm3)
X 5 1 3 0
Y 5 1 0 3
Z 5 0 3 1

The three test tubes were incubated at 37 °C and the pH of their contents was measured every
20 minutes. The table below shows the results in 1 hour.
Tube pH at start pH at 20th min pH at 40th min pH at 60th min
X 8.4 7.1 6.3 6.3
Y 8.3 7.6 6.6 6.3
Z 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4
a Using your knowledge of lipid digestion in the human digestive system, explain the
difference in the results in tubes X and Y. (3 marks)

b Suggest one reason why the pH in tube X at 40th and 60th minutes is the same.
(1 mark)
c How can this experiment be changed to improve

i the accuracy of the results? (1 mark)

ii the reliability of the results? (1 mark)
d The bile duct can be blocked by ‘gallstones’ which are formed from excess cholesterol
in the diets. Explain why people with ‘gallstones’ may develop the following symptoms.
i Very pale faeces (1 mark)
ii Yellow skin (1 mark)

9 a In an experiment, a student put some seeds onto a piece of moist cotton wool and
allowed them to germinate. He measured the total fresh mass of the seeds every day.
The graph below shows the change in the total fresh mass of the seeds in the first five
days.
20
total mass (g)
10

0
1 2 3 4 5
time (day)
i Describe and explain the change in the total fresh mass of the seeds in the first five
days. (2 marks)
ii In the above graph, draw a dotted line to show the change in the total dry mass of
the seeds. Label the line. (2 marks)
iii Give one disadvantage of using dry mass to measure the growth of plants.
(1 mark)

b After the seeds germinated, the student took out one of the seedlings and observed the
cells in a section through a certain part of the root of the seedling under a microscope.
The photomicrograph below shows what the student observed.
X

i Suggest one stain that can be used to stain the structure labelled X in the
photomicrograph. (1 mark)
ii Which part of the root did the student observe? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
iii Describe how the appearance of cells shown in the photomicrograph differs from
that of the cells in other parts of the root. (1 mark)

10 The graph below shows the changes in the relative abundance of different organisms and the
amount of soil in the succession of a piece of land.
relative abundance of organisms
soil
lichens and shrubs
amount of soil
mosses
trees

0 time
P Q
a Which type of succession was taking place in the period shown? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
b Explain the importance of lichens and mosses in this succession. (2 marks)

c Describe and explain the changes in the relative abundance of the organisms at time P.
(4 marks)

d Suggest one reason for the fluctuations in the relative abundance of the organisms after
time Q. (1 mark)

11 The graph below shows the effects of reducing the carbon dioxide concentration on the
amounts of the 5-C carbon dioxide acceptor and the first 3-C compound involved in the
Calvin Cycle in photosynthetic cells.
2.5 1.0% CO2 0.003% CO2

relative amounts
2.0 5-C compound
1.5
1.0 3-C compound

0.5
0
time
a Explain why the amount of the 3-C compound is twice that of the 5-C compound when
the carbon dioxide concentration is high. (2 marks)
b Explain the rise in the amount of the 5-C compound after the carbon dioxide
concentration is reduced. (2 marks)

c Some of the 3-C compound will eventually be converted to glucose. Give two
substances that are necessary to drive the conversion. Describe how each substance is
formed in the photosynthetic cells. (4 marks)

12 The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a blood disease in a family. The disease is
controlled by a pair of alleles.
Key:
1 2 normal female
normal male
3 4 5 6 female having
the disease
male having the
disease
7 8 9 10

a Is the allele for this disease dominant or recessive? Explain how you arrive at your
answer. (Marks will not be awarded for genetic diagrams.) (4 marks)
b Explain why it is not possible for the allele for the disease to be located on the X
chromosome. (3 marks)

c The allele for the disease has arisen from a mutation. A base G on the coding strand was
substituted by a base A. How would the base sequence of the mRNA formed in
transcription change? (1 mark)
d The blood disease can be treated by replacing the bone marrow of the patient with bone
marrow from a healthy donor. Can the treatment prevent the offspring of the patient
from inheriting the allele of the disease? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

13 Explain how the heart is adapted to function as a pump which forces blood to move in only
one direction continuously. (10 marks)

– END OF PAPER –

DSE
BIO
Mock Exam VI
PAPER 2 MASTERING BIOLOGY
(Second Edition)
BIOLOGY PAPER 2
HKDSE MOCK EXAM VI
Time allowed: 1 hour

INSTRUCTIONS
1 There are FOUR sections, A, B, C and D in this Paper. Attempt ALL questions in any TWO sections.
2 Write your answers in the Answer Book. Start each question (not part of a question) on a new page.
3 Present your answers in paragraphs wherever appropriate.
4 Illustrate your answers with diagrams wherever appropriate.
5 The diagrams in this Paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
Not to be taken away before the

end of the examination session

Mock Exam VI Biology Paper 2 - 37 -
SECTION A Human Physiology: Regulation and Control
Answer ALL parts of the question.
1 a The photomicrograph below shows a section through a region of the human kidney.
A
D
i Name the region of the kidney from which the photomicrograph was taken. (1 mark)
ii C and D are the same structure. Why do they appear differently under the microscope?
(1 mark)
iii Compare the concentrations of glucose and proteins in A and those in B of a healthy
person. Explain your answer. (4 marks)
iv In a study, a healthy person is injected with substance X which causes the kidney
tubules to become insensitive to antidiuretic hormone. Predict and explain what will
happen to the urine output of the person. (3 marks)

Mock Exam VI Biology Answers - 38 -
1 b i A man participated in a long race and he did not drink any water during the race. It was
found that his core body temperature increased more than that of other athletes who
drank enough water during the race. Explain why. (2 marks)
ii After the race, the man took a shower with water at 10 °C for 10 minutes. The graph
below shows the change in his core body temperature during the shower. Explain the
change.
core body temperature (°C) (6 marks)
39
38
37
36

2 4 6 8 10
time (min)
iii Hypothermia results if body temperature falls below 35 °C. Doctors may treat patients
with hypothermia by allowing them to breathe in warm, humid air. Explain how this
can help the patients recover from hypothermia. (3 marks)

SECTION B Applied Ecology
2 a A study of the effects of air pollution on the distribution of lichens in different regions of a
city was carried out. An open area from each region was chosen for collecting data. In each
region, the sulphur dioxide concentration in air was measured using a sulphur dioxide gas
detector. Fifteen trees of similar trunk circumferences were chosen for lichen sampling.
Quadrat sampling was carried out at 1.5 m above the ground on the tree trunks. Percentage
cover of the lichens was calculated as follows:
area covered by lichens in the quadrats
Percentage cover = ×100%
total area in the quadrats
The table below shows the results of the study.
Sulphur dioxide Average percentage cover

Region
concentration (ppm) of lichens (%)
Industrial 15.2 0
Residential 6.0 12.5
Commercial 10.8 7.3
Countryside 0.3 45.5
i Explain why
(1) an open area was chosen for collecting data. (1 mark)
(2) fifteen trees were chosen for sampling in each region. (1 mark)
(3) the percentage cover of lichens instead of the number of lichen patches was
recorded. (1 mark)
ii Suggest one source of sulphur dioxide in
(1) the commercial region. (1 mark)
(2) the countryside. (1 mark)
iii State two limitations of quadrat sampling. (2 marks)
iv State and explain one effect of sulphur dioxide on our health and one effect on the
environment. (4 marks)

2 b A large area of mangrove was cleared for farmland. The diagram below shows the changes
in the population sizes of two animal species, X and Y, before and after the mangrove was
cleared.
species X
population size
species Y
0 time (week)
15 0 15 30 45 60 75
weeks before weeks after

mangrove clearance mangrove clearance

i Suggest one reason for the increase in the population sizes of species X and Y after the
mangrove was cleared. (2 marks)
ii Give one evidence from the graph to show that the mangrove clearance led to a decline
in the population sizes of both species X and Y. (1 mark)
iii Give one evidence from the graph to show that species X and Y are in a predator-prey
relationship. (1 mark)
iv If a pesticide containing a stable compound was applied onto the newly opened
farmland, in the body of which species could we find a higher concentration of the
compound? Explain briefly. (3 marks)
v In view of the ecological importance of the mangrove near the clearance site, the
government is going to designate the area near the site as a Site of Special Scientific
Interest (SSSI). Explain the implications for the users of the area which has been
designated as an SSSI. (2 marks)

SECTION C Microorganisms and Humans
3 a E. coli was grown in 3 fermenters containing the same volume of 0.001 M glucose, 0.001 M
lactose and a mixture of 0.001 M glucose and 0.001 M lactose respectively. At each time
interval, a sample was removed from each fermenter and serially diluted before counting the
bacteria under a microscope. The graph below shows the change in population size of the
bacteria in each fermenter.
35
30 0.001 M glucose +
number of E. coli (×10 )
0.001 M lactose
6
25
20
0.001 M glucose
15
10 0.001 M lactose
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
time (h)
i Describe how a sample from one of the fermenters is serially diluted. (3 marks)
ii Why is serial dilution necessary? (1 mark)
iii Why is the growth of E. coli in 0.001 M glucose different from that in 0.001 M
lactose? (2 marks)
iv Describe and explain the shape of the growth curve of E. coli in the fermenter
containing a mixture of glucose and lactose. (5 marks)

3 b The diagram below shows the process of sewage treatment.
untreated sewage
tank I tank II
air pump
effluent
tank III
gas P

sludge
tank IV
i What is the function of tanks I and III? (1 mark)
ii Explain what happens in tank II. (3 marks)
iii What is the advantage of keeping tank IV at about 35 °C? (1 mark)
iv (1) Name gas P. (1 mark)
(2) Suggest one use of gas P. (1 mark)
v Explain why farmers find dried sludge useful. (1 mark)
vi Give one substance in sewage which may interfere with sewage treatment. (1 mark)

SECTION D Biotechnology
4 a A certain type of haemophilia is caused by a recessive allele located on the X chromosome.

Mr and Mrs Chan underwent a genetic test to estimate the chance of their child having
haemophilia. During the test, the doctor obtained some cells from each person and extracted
DNA from the cells. He then used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the region
containing the gene associated with haemophilia in each DNA sample. Two kinds of DNA
molecules might be produced in large amounts, DNA molecule P contained the normal
allele and DNA molecule Q contained the allele for haemophilia.
180 base pairs (bp)
DNA molecule P containing

AAGCTT
the normal allele
DNA molecule Q containing

AAACTT
the allele for haemophilia
After PCR, the doctor treated the DNA samples with a restriction enzyme. The enzyme
recognized the sequence AAGCTT and cut within the sequence.
i P and Q gave different products after they were treated with the restriction enzyme.
State and explain how the products were different. (4 marks)
The fragments in each DNA sample were then separated using gel electrophoresis. The
diagram below shows the patterns of bands on the gel slab after gel electrophoresis.
Mr Chan Mrs Chan
well
DNA band
ii With reference to her pattern of bands, deduce the phenotype of Mrs Chan. (3 marks)
iii In this genetic test, the pattern of bands formed from the DNA sample of a male
usually contains one or two bands. Explain why. (2 marks)
iv What is the chance of Mr and Mrs Chan having a child with haemophilia? (1 mark)

4 b Scientists are planning to produce a genetically modified (GM) plant for the production of
human insulin. They will obtain the DNA encoding human insulin from human cells and
introduce it into plant cells using Agrobacterium. The plant cells with the DNA integrated
will then be allowed to develop into plants. Human insulin produced by the GM plant can
then be extracted and purified for use.
i Describe how the DNA encoding human insulin can be introduced into plant cells.
(4 marks)
ii An antibiotic resistance gene will also be used in the above process for producing the
GM plant. Describe how it can be used. (3 marks)
iii Some people worry that the GM plant will cause genetic pollution. To minimize the
risk, scientists are investigating the possibility of modifying the GM plant so that it
will flower in a season different from the wild type. Explain how this method can
prevent genetic pollution. (2 marks)

iv State one issue that may be raised by the use of antibiotic resistance genes in the
production of GM plants. (1 mark)
– END OF PAPER –


New Senior Secondary MASTERING BIOLOGY OXFORD Mock - Bio - Set6 - e

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DSE

New Senior Secondary

Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION A (MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)

3 All questions carry equal marks.

6 No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.

Not to be taken away before the

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

A (1) only B (2) only

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

(Photo credit: CDC / James Gathany)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Which of the following statements about cells X, Y and Z is/are correct?

Which energy will decrease if this reaction is catalysed by an enzyme?

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Which of the components in milk provide(s) the largest amount of energy?

9 Which of the labelled blood vessels has the smallest lumen?

12 The diagram below shows the cell cycle of an animal cell.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

15 The key below is constructed for identifying four groups of organisms.

Which group does yeast belong to?

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Which of the following statements about structure X is/are correct?

17 The diagram below shows a vertical section of a flower.

Meiotic cell division takes place in structure(s)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Which structure(s) of the ear detect(s) sound vibration?

22 The diagram below shows the arrangement of some neurones in a person.

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

blood glucose level

Which of the following is an action of this hormone on the body?

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Which site has the highest species diversity?

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

29 Which of the following correctly identify the variables in the experiment?

rate of gas production

light intensity light intensity

light intensity light intensity

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

What are cells X and Z?

34 Which of the following disproves Lamarck’s theory of evolution?

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

Height (cm) Blood group Eye colour

Go on to Question-Answer Book B for questions on Section B

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)

New Senior Secondary

SECTION B: Question-Answer Book B

This paper must be answered in English

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION B

1 After the announcement of the start of the examination, you

2 Refer to the general instructions on the cover of the Question

3 Answer ALL questions.

4 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this

5 Supplementary answer sheets will be supplied on request.

6 Present your answers in paragraphs wherever appropriate.

7 The diagrams in this section are NOT necessarily drawn to