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    Phys10.02 Expt5 - Conservation of Energy

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Bagayas
    1) The document discusses the concepts of kinetic energy, potential energy, and the conservation of mechanical energy in the context of a simulation of a skater moving down an inclined track. 2) Key points covered include how the kinetic and potential energy of the skater change depending on its position and speed, how changing variables like the skater's mass or the track's friction affect the simulation, and designing tracks to maximize or minimize the skater's speed. 3) The learning objectives are to explain energy conservation using kinetic and potential energy, describe how energy is represented in the simulation, and apply the concepts to predicting motion and designing tracks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Phys10.02 Expt5 - Conservation of Energy

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Bagayas
    45 views7 pages
    1) The document discusses the concepts of kinetic energy, potential energy, and the conservation of mechanical energy in the context of a simulation of a skater moving down an inclined track. 2) Key points covered include how the kinetic and potential energy of the skater change depending on its position and speed, how changing variables like the skater's mass or the track's friction affect the simulation, and designing tracks to maximize or minimize the skater's speed. 3) The learning objectives are to explain energy conservation using kinetic and potential energy, describe how energy is represented in the simulation, and apply the concepts to predicting motion and designing tracks.

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    Phys10.02 Expt5_Conservation of Energy (1)

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    1) The document discusses the concepts of kinetic energy, potential energy, and the conservation of mechanical energy in the context of a simulation of a skater moving down an inclined track. 2) Key points covered include how the kinetic and potential energy of the skater change depending on its position and speed, how changing variables like the skater's mass or the track's friction affect the simulation, and designing tracks to maximize or minimize the skater's speed. 3) The learning objectives are to explain energy conservation using kinetic and potential energy, describe how energy is represented in the simulation, and apply the concepts to predicting motion and designing tracks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views7 pages

    Phys10.02 Expt5 - Conservation of Energy

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Bagayas
    1) The document discusses the concepts of kinetic energy, potential energy, and the conservation of mechanical energy in the context of a simulation of a skater moving down an inclined track. 2) Key points covered include how the kinetic and potential energy of the skater change depending on its position and speed, how changing variables like the skater's mass or the track's friction affect the simulation, and designing tracks to maximize or minimize the skater's speed. 3) The learning objectives are to explain energy conservation using kinetic and potential energy, describe how energy is represented in the simulation, and apply the concepts to predicting motion and designing tracks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Name: Kenneth Bagayas, Paris Grp No.

    2 Grp Name
    Carbonell

    PHYS 10.02 Section D-Q4 Date performed: Date Submitted:

    Conservation of
    Energy

    Introduction:

    Kinetic energy (KE) is associated with motion of objects, whereas gravitational potential
    energy (GPE) is associated with position of objects relative to a reference point (e.g.
    surface of the Earth). Mathematically, these forms of energy are given as:

    Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy. In the absence of any
    resistance (e.g. friction) the mechanical energy of a system remains constant or is always
    conserved. Energy, however, can change from one form to another.

    Learning Objectives:

    At the end of this activity the students are expected to


    ● Explain the conservation of mechanical energy concept using kinetic energy (KE) and
    gravitational potential energy (GPE).
    ● Describe how the energy bar relates to position and speed.
    ● Explain how changing the skater mass affects energy.
    ● Explain how changing the track friction affects energy.
    ● Predict position or estimate speed from energy bar.
    ● Design a skate park using the concepts of mechanical energy and energy
    conservation.
    Part I. Introduction

    a. Click on Bar Graph and Grid. Drag the skater to any height, e.g. 4 meters, then release.
    1. How does the kinetic energy of the skater change? (2 points)
    The skater’s kinetic energy rises as he skates downward and lowers when he
    skates upwards the opposite side of the ramp.

    2. How does the potential energy of the skater change? (2 points)


    The skater’s potential energy rises as he skates upwards the opposite side of the
    ramp and lowers as he skates downwards.

    3. Compare the kinetic and potential energies of the skater at the maximum and
    minimum positions. (2 points)

    At the highest point (maximum position) where the skater is placed, it is where
    maximum potential energy is present but no kinetic energy present. While at the
    lowest point (minimum position) on the ramp, it is where maximum kinetic energy
    is present but no potential energy present.

    4. What happens to the total energy of the skater? (2 points)

    The total energy of the skater remains constant throughout the simulation because
    of the mere changing of one form of energy to another, in this case from potential to
    kinetic energy or vice versa.

    b. Change (increase/decrease) the Mass of the skater.


    5. How does mass affect energy? Explain your observation. (2 points)
    The mass of the skater is proportional to his total amount of energy. At the starting
    point where the skater is initially placed, there is more potential energy at the
    starting point which results in the increase in kinetic energy as well. This means that
    the skater has more total energy to work with than a skater of less mass. The skater
    of less mass has less total energy compared to the skater with more mass.

    c. Change (increase/decrease) the height of the skater.


    6. How does height affect energy and speed? Explain your observation. (2 points)
    The higher the height, the more potential energy an object has. The skater reaches
    faster maximum speeds before reaching the lowest point of the ramp compared to
    skaters from lower heights because it travels with the same acceleration but for a
    longer distance and time. With that said, the height is directly proportional to the
    total energy of the skater, which also affects the speed--skater placed at a more
    elevated height results in an increase in maximum speed as well.

    d. Similarly, select the third track. Drag the skater to the same height, as in part (a), then
    release. Take note of the maximum position reached by the skater. Compare this with
    that of the first track.
    7. What do you observe? Explain why. (3 points)
    The simulation demonstrates how the skater reaches the same maximum position
    on the other side as illustrated by the grids. For both tracks, when the skater is
    released at 4 meters, the skater reaches the maximum position of 4 meters as well
    on the other side when the skater is released.
    The starting potential energy was the same as the first track. Although having an
    extra curve, the peak potential energy is the same on both sides. While at the peak,
    kinetic energy is at the lowest point of the ramp.The maximum height on both sides
    is the same as well on both sides. This is because of the change in form of
    energies, where potential energy was able to become kinetic energy (and vice
    versa) without any loss of total energy and without the effects of friction. The total
    energy was balanced by these two energies alone.

    Part II. Friction

    a. Click on Bar Graph and Grid. Place the skater at some height, e.g. 4 m. Notice
    the initial total energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, and thermal energy.
    8. How does the total energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, and thermal energy
    change with time? Explain your observation. (3 points)
    The total energy of the skater remains constant, however the kinetic, potential,
    and thermal energies change. The sum of the kinetic energy and potential
    energy of what is called mechanical energy slowly decreases as the thermal
    energy caused by friction increases as the skater comes to a rest. This is
    because the mechanical energy is inversely proportional to the thermal thermal
    energy as time passes.
    b. Change (increase/decrease) the Mass of the skater and place him at the same
    height. Notice again the time taken by the skater to come to rest.
    9. What change do you observe in the amount of total energy and thermal energy?
    (2 points)
    The mass of the skater is directly proportional to the total energy and thermal
    energy of the skater. As the mass increases, both energies increase in amount,
    and as the mass decreases, so does both energies decrease.

    c. Change (increase/decrease) the value of Friction.


    10. How does friction affect the time it takes the skater to stop? (2 points)
    The amount of friction present is inversely proportional to the time it takes for the
    skater to come to rest. As the amount of friction increases, the shorter time it takes
    for the skater to stop. On the other hand, as the amount of friction gets closer to
    having none, the time it takes for the skater to stop also approaches infinity.

    Part III. Playground

    a. Make your own track. Observe the change in energy and speed for different tracks
    with different slopes. (Include a screen capture of the actual set-up.)
    11. As the slope of the track changes, how does the speed change? (3 points)
    A. Frictionless Track

    A. Frictionless Track
    Throughout the whole simulation, the total energy of the skater remains constant, but
    changes in forms of energies, particularly from potential energy to kinetic energy and vice
    versa when slopes change (or when skater moves upward and downward). On one hand,
    when the slope is negative (moving downward), the skater’s kinetic energy increases and so
    does his speed, but his potential energy decreases. On the other hand, when the slope is
    positive (moving upward), the skater’s potential energy increases but both kinetic energy and
    speed decreases.

    B. Track with Friction


    B. Track with Friction
    Compared with a frictionless track, thermal energy is present when the skater uses a track
    with friction, but total energy of the skater still remains constant. The simulation demonstrates
    how thermal energy increases when the slope increases (when skater moves upward), but
    unlike potential and kinetic energies, thermal energy does not decrease. For that reason, the
    increasing thermal energy leaves less room for the exchange in potential and kinetic
    energies, especially because total energy of the skater remains constant. However, just like
    the frictionless track, there is a change in forms of energies, both from potential energy to
    kinetic energy and from potential energy to kinetic energy when slopes change (or when
    skater moves upward and downward). Similar to a frictionless track, when the slope is
    negative (moving downward), the skater’s kinetic energy increases and so does his speed,
    but his potential energy decreases. And when the slope is positive (moving upward), the
    skater’s potential energy increases but both kinetic energy and speed decreases.
    Evaluate!

    12. Suppose you have the three frictionless track options shown below. If you want to
    have the maximum speed upon reaching the bottom of the track, which one will
    you choose? Explain. (5 points)

    Using the simulation to approximately make the track, it shows that all tracks have
    nearly the same final and maximum speed. Moreover, also with using the formula
    of final velocity which is V𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = V𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 + (acceleration)(time), it shows the initial
    velocity is equal to 0 and the acceleration is due to gravity, which makes
    acceleration constant. This shows that time is a factor that affects the final velocity.
    If the skater moves along the track with time that is more or less the same for all
    three tracks, this also proves that the maximum speed obtained by the skater is
    equal for all three tracks. These show that using all three tracks will obtain equal
    maximum speed.

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