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    Middleenglish 161101023848

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    Loire Aviles Collamat
    The Norman conquest of England in 1066 marked the beginning of the Middle English period. The Norman French became the new ruling class and introduced French as the language of government and nobility, while English remained the language of peasants. Over 10,000 French words entered the English language, changing its vocabulary and grammar. Exposure to different cultures allowed the Normans to combine elements in clothing, introducing new styles.

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    Middleenglish 161101023848

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    Loire Aviles Collamat
    50 views21 pages
    The Norman conquest of England in 1066 marked the beginning of the Middle English period. The Norman French became the new ruling class and introduced French as the language of government and nobility, while English remained the language of peasants. Over 10,000 French words entered the English language, changing its vocabulary and grammar. Exposure to different cultures allowed the Normans to combine elements in clothing, introducing new styles.

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    The Norman conquest of England in 1066 marked the beginning of the Middle English period. The Norman French became the new ruling class and introduced French as the language of government and nobility, while English remained the language of peasants. Over 10,000 French words entered the English language, changing its vocabulary and grammar. Exposure to different cultures allowed the Normans to combine elements in clothing, introducing new styles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views21 pages

    Middleenglish 161101023848

    Uploaded by

    Loire Aviles Collamat
    The Norman conquest of England in 1066 marked the beginning of the Middle English period. The Norman French became the new ruling class and introduced French as the language of government and nobility, while English remained the language of peasants. Over 10,000 French words entered the English language, changing its vocabulary and grammar. Exposure to different cultures allowed the Normans to combine elements in clothing, introducing new styles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 21

    The event that marks the end of the Old

    English period, and the beginning of the


    Middle English period, is the arrival of the
    Norman French in England, following their
    victory at Hastings under William the
    Conqueror in 1066.

    It was the last invasion in England but had an


    enormous influence in many aspects of
    British life: habits, language, society,
    literature, justice, etc.
    These French-speaking invaders became the ruling class,
    so that the language of the nobility, the government, the law
    and civilized life in England for the next two hundred years
    was French. It is the source of words like army, court,
    defence, faith, prison and tax. Yet the language of the
    peasants remained English.
    Grammar
    Middle English has a very low bending compared with the
    old English.
    The system undergoes significant changes:

    before some pronouns started with h, but in the middle


    English start with th.
    For example:

     wat heo ihoten weoren & wonene heo comen.


     what they were called and from-where they came.
     'cómo fueron llamados y desde dónde venían‘.
    Labiovel
    Labial Dental Alveolar Alv.-pal. Velar Glotal
    ar
    /tʃ/
    /p/ /t/ /k/
    chirche
    Oclusivas pin tente kin
    (> church)
    /
    /dʒ/
    Africadas /b/ /d/
    brigge
    /ɡ/
    bit dart good
    (> bridge)
    /ʃ/
    /f/ /θ/ /s/ /x/ /ʍ/* /h/
    scip >
    fool thank sore thought which happen
    ship
    Fricativas
    /v/*
    /ð/ /z/*
    vertu >
    then Zephirus
    virtue
    /m/ /n/ /ŋ/*
    Nasales map nap song
    Aproxima /l/ lay /j/ /w/
    ntes /r/rage yelwe weep
    The Normans bequeathed over 10,000 words to English
    (about three-quarters of which are still in use today),
    including a huge number of abstract nouns ending in the
    suffixes, prefixes.
    Perhaps predictably, many of them
    related to matters of crown and nobility;
    of government and administration;
    of court and law;
    of war and combat;
    of authority and control;
    of fashion and high living;
    and of art and literature.

    Curiously, though, the Anglo-Saxon words cyning (king),


    cwene (queen), erl (earl), cniht (knight), ladi (lady) and lord
    persisted.
    Sometimes French and Old English components combined
    to form a new word, such as the French gentle and the
    Germanic man combined to formed gentleman.
    Sometimes, both English and French words survived, but
    with significantly different senses
    Their exposure to various culture enabled Normans to bring together
    elements from different cultures and this reflected in their clothing as well.

    Norman Men’s Clothing


    Until the middle of the 10th century, Normans relied mainly on their
    battlefield prowess to thrive since they had few other means of earning
    sufficient subsistence. Consequently, Norman men dressed conservatively
    and in a way which reflected their martial interests.
    Norman Women’s Clothing
    Exposure of Norman society to many different cultures was better reflected
    in the dressing of Norman women. The typical dress of a Norman noble
    woman included a chemise, a gown and a cloak. The chemise was the
    primary layer of dress worn by the women and was unusually long in
    length. On top of it, the women wore a gown which was loose in fitting and
    was knee-length.
    Finally, a cloak was worn on top of the gown. The gown’s neck-opening
    usually carried elaborate embroidery while precious brooches were used to
    clasp a cloak in place. Towards the late 11th and 12th centuries, cloaks
    evolved to include bands used together with the brooches which ran
    around the shoulders of the wearer, giving the cloak a tighter look.

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