Technical Documentation: MAN Energy Solutions

MAN Energy Solutions
Technical Documentation
L21/31-Mk2
Project Guide
Design Specification: ....................... L21/31 Mk 2

Date ................................................. 2022-04-21
2022-04-21
All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes
only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the subsequent specific indi-
vidual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and de-
termined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of
each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions
If this document is delivered in another language than English and doubts arise concerning
the translation, the English text shall prevail.
Original instructions
L21/31-Mk2
2022-04-21

H. Christoffersensvej 6
4960 Holeby
Denmark
Phone +45 54 69 31 00
Fax +45 54 69 30 30
[email protected]
www.man-es.com
Copyright © 2022 MAN Energy Solutions
All rights reserved, including reprinting, copying (Xerox/microfiche) and translation.
Table of contents
Table of contents
I 00 Introduction
Introduction to project guide ................................................................................................. I 00 00 0
Engine programme - MAN four-stroke marine GenSets......................................................... I 00 02 0
Key for engine designation .................................................................................................... I 00 05 0
Safety precautions ................................................................................................................ I 00 01 0
Designation of cylinders ........................................................................................................ I 00 15 0
Code identification for instruments ........................................................................................ I 00 20 0
Symbols for piping ................................................................................................................ I 00 25 0
D 10 General information
List of capacities ................................................................................................................. D 10 05 0
Vibration limits and measurements ...................................................................................... D 10 24 0
Description of sound measurements ................................................................................... D 10 25 0
Description of structure-borne noise ................................................................................... D 10 25 0
Exhaust gas components.................................................................................................... D 10 28 0
NOx emission...................................................................................................................... D 10 28 0
Moment of intertia ............................................................................................................... D 10 30 0
Inclination of engines........................................................................................................... D 10 32 0
Green Passport................................................................................................................... D 10 33 0
GenSet extension of TBO (Time Between Overhaul) ............................................................ D 10 35 0
Overhaul recommendation, maintenance and expected life time ......................................... D 10 35 0
Overhaul recommendation, maintenance and expected life time ......................................... D 10 35 0
B 10 Basic diesel engine

Power, outputs, speed........................................................................................................ B 10 01 1
Power take-off (PTO)........................................................................................................... B 10 01 1
General description ............................................................................................................. B 10 01 1
Cross section ...................................................................................................................... B 10 01 1
Main particulars................................................................................................................... B 10 01 1
2022-04-21
Dimensions and weights ..................................................................................................... B 10 01 1

Centre of gravity.................................................................................................................. B 10 01 1
Overhaul areas .................................................................................................................... B 10 01 1
L21/31-Mk2
Firing pressure comparison ................................................................................................. B 10 01 1

Engine rotation clockwise.................................................................................................... B 10 11 1
B 11 Fuel oil system

Internal fuel oil system ......................................................................................................... B 11 00 0
Fuel application ................................................................................................................... B 11 00 0
3 (6)
Setting the heavy fuel oil supply system .................................................................... 010.000.023-25

Table of contents
Fuel oil diagram................................................................................................................... B 11 00 0

Residual fuel (HFO) specification ............................................................................... 010.000.023-05
Marine diesel oil (DMB, DFB) specifications ............................................................... 010.000.023-04
Diesel fuel (DMA, DFA) specifications ........................................................................ 010.000.023-01
Non-standardised fuels ............................................................................................. 010.000.023-02
Explanatory notes for biofuel ............................................................................................... B 11 00 0
Crude oil specification ......................................................................................................... B 11 00 0
Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram) ............................................................. 010.000.023-06
Analysis of operating fluids ........................................................................................ 010.000.023-14
Guidelines regarding MAN Energy Solutions GenSets operating on low sulphur fuel oil ....... B 11 00 0
Aging curve......................................................................................................................... B 11 01 0
Fuel injection valve .............................................................................................................. B 11 00 0
Fuel oil consumption for emissions Tier II............................................................................. B 11 01 0
Fuel injection pump ............................................................................................................. B 11 02 1
Fuel oil filter duplex.............................................................................................................. E 11 08 1
MDO / MGO cooler ............................................................................................................. E 11 06 1
HFO/MDO changing valves (V1 and V2) .............................................................................. E 11 10 1
Automatic back-flush filter ................................................................................................... P 11 02 1
Automatic back-flush filter ................................................................................................... P 11 02 1
B 12 Lubricating oil system

Internal lubricating oil system............................................................................................... B 12 00 0
Crankcase ventilation .......................................................................................................... B 12 00 0
Lubricating oil (SAE 40) specification for residual fuel operation (HFO) ....................... 010.000.023-11
Lubricating oil (SAE 40) specification for operation with DMA/DMB, DFA, DFB.......... 010.000.023-07
Prelubricating pump ............................................................................................................ B 12 07 0
Specific lubricating oil consumption - SLOC........................................................................ B 12 15 0
Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil ...................................................................... B 12 15 0
Criteria for cleaning/exchange of lubricating oil .................................................................... B 12 15 0
Separator unit ..................................................................................................................... B 12 15 0
By-pass depth filter ............................................................................................................. E 12 15 1
2022-04-21
B 13 Cooling water system

Internal cooling water system .............................................................................................. B 13 00 0
L21/31-Mk2

Specification of engine coolant.................................................................................. 010.000.023-13
Coolant inspecting .................................................................................................... 010.000.002-03
Coolant system cleaning ........................................................................................... 010.000.002-04
4 (6)
Design data for the external cooling water system............................................................... B 13 00 0
Table of contents
External cooling water system ............................................................................................. B 13 00 0
Expansion tank ................................................................................................................... B 13 00 0
1 string central cooling water system .................................................................................. B 13 00 3
1.5 string central cooling water system ............................................................................... B 13 00 4
2 string central cooling water system .................................................................................. B 13 00 6
Preheater arrangement in high temperature system ............................................................ B 13 23 1
Expansion tank pressurized................................................................................................. T 13 01 1
B 14 Compressed air system

Compressed air system ...................................................................................................... B 14 00 0
Specification of compressed air ................................................................................ 010.000.023-21
Compressed air system ...................................................................................................... B 14 00 0
B 15 Combustion air system

Combustion air system ....................................................................................................... B 15 00 0
Engine room ventilation and combustion air ........................................................................ B 15 00 0
Combustion air system for arctic operation ......................................................................... B 15 00 0
Specifications of intake air (combustion air) ............................................................... 010.000.023-17
Turbocharger - make MAN.................................................................................................. B 15 01 1
Water washing of turbocharger - compressor ..................................................................... B 15 05 1
B 16 Exhaust gas system

Exhaust gas system ............................................................................................................ B 16 00 0
Pressure drop in exhaust gas system.................................................................................. B 16 00 0
Equipment to optimize performance.................................................................................... B 16 00 0
Cleaning the turbocharger in service - turbine side .............................................................. B 16 01 3
Position of gas outlet on turbocharger................................................................................. B 16 02 0
B 17 Speed control system

Starting of engine ................................................................................................................ B 17 00 0
Load curves for diesel electric propulsion ............................................................................ B 17 00 0
Load curves for diesel electric propulsion ............................................................................ B 17 00 0
Actuators ............................................................................................................................ B 17 01 2
2022-04-21
Actuators ............................................................................................................................ B 17 01 7
B 19 Safety and control system

L21/31-Mk2
Control and safety systems ................................................................................................. B 19 00 0

Operation data .................................................................................................................... B 19 00 0
Modbus list ......................................................................................................................... B 19 00 0
Oil mist detector.................................................................................................................. B 19 22 1
Combined box with prelubricating oil pump, preheater and el turning device....................... E 19 07 2
5 (6)
Prelubricating oil pump starting box .................................................................................... E 19 11 0

Table of contents
B 20 Foundation
Recommendations concerning steel foundations for resilient mounted GenSets ................. B 20 01 0
Resilient mounting of generating sets .................................................................................. B 20 01 3
B 21 Test running
Shop test programme for marine GenSets .......................................................................... B 21 01 1
E 23 Spare parts
Weight and dimensions of principal parts ............................................................................ E 23 00 0
Spare parts for unrestricted service ..................................................................................... P 23 01 1
P 24 Tools
Introduction to spare part plates for tools ............................................................................ P 24 00 0
Standard tools for normal maintenance ............................................................................... P 24 01 1
Additional tools ................................................................................................................... P 24 03 9
Hand tools .......................................................................................................................... P 24 05 1
B 50 Alternator
Alternator cable installation............................................................................................... BG 50 00 0
Alternators for GenSets ....................................................................................................... B 50 00 0
Combinations of engine- and alternator layout ................................................................. BG 50 00 0
B 52 Diesel-electric propulsion
Diesel-electric propulsion plants .......................................................................................... B 52 00 0
Cooling water system, 1-string............................................................................................ B 52 00 0
Cooling water system, 1.5-string......................................................................................... B 52 00 0
Cooling water system, 2-string............................................................................................ B 52 00 0
B 98 Preservation and packing

59240885771
Lifting instruction ................................................................................................................. P 98 05 1 2022-04-21
L21/31-Mk2
6 (6)
MAN Energy Solutions I 00 00 0
Introduction to project guide
1643483-5.6
Introduction
Our project guides provide customers and consultants with information and
data when planning new plants incorporating four-stroke engines from the
current MAN Energy Solutions engine programme. On account of the modific-
ations associated with upgrading of our project guides, the contents of the
specific edition hereof will remain valid for a limited time only.
Every care is taken to ensure that all information in this project guide is
present and correct.
For actual projects you will receive the latest project guide editions in each
case together with our quotation specification or together with the documents
for order processing.
All figures, values, measurements and/or other information about performance
stated in the project guides are for guidance only and shall not be used for
detailed design purposes or as a substitute for specific drawings and instruc-
tions prepared for such purposes. MAN Energy Solutions makes no repres-
entations or warranties either express or implied, as to the accuracy, com-
pleteness, quality or fitness for any particular purpose of the information con-
tained in the project guides.
MAN Energy Solutions will issue an Installation Manual with all project related
drawings and installation instructions when the contract documentation has
been completed.
The Installation Manual will comprise all necessary drawings, piping diagrams,
cable plans and specifications of our supply.
All data provided in this document is non-binding and serves informational purposes
only. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may
be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each pro-
ject. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, espe-
cially specific site and operational conditions.

2021-09-10 - en
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32A;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L28/32DF;L28
/32S-DF, 100000 1 (2)
I 00 00 0 MAN Energy Solutions
1643483-5.6
Code numbers
Code letter: The code letter indicates the contents of the documents:
B : Basic Diesel engine / built-on engine

D : Designation of plant
E : Extra parts per engine
G : Generator
I : Introduction
P : Extra parts per plant
45036003464929675
Function/system number: A distinction is made between the various chapters

and systems, e.g.: Fuel oil system, monitoring equipment, foundation, test
running, etc.
Sub-function: This figure occurs in variants from 0-99.
Choice number: This figure occurs in variants from 0-9:
0 : General information 1 : Standard

2-8 : Standard optional 9 : Optional
45036003464929675
Further, there is a table of contents for each chapter and the pages follow im-
mediately afterwards.
Drawing No: Each document has a drawing number including revision number
i.e. 1643483-5.5.
Release date: The release date of the document Year.Month.Date. This is the
date the document has been created.
NOTICE
When referring to a document, please state both Drawing No including
2021-09-10 - en
revision No and Release date.
Copyright 2011 © MAN Energy Solutions, branch of MAN Energy Solutions SE, Ger-
many, registered with the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency under CVR Nr.:
31611792, (herein referred to as “MAN Energy Solutions”).
Description
This document is the product and property of MAN Energy Solutions and is protec-
ted by applicable copyright laws. Subject to modification in the interest of technical
progress. Reproduction permitted provided source is given.
45036003464929675
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
2 (2) /32S-DF, 100000
Engine programme - MAN four-stroke marine GenSets
1689461-0.6
Description
Four-stroke diesel engine programme for marine applications complies with
IMO Tier II/III, GenSet application.

36028802514522251
2021-09-13 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30DF;L27/38;L28/32DF 1 (1)
1689461-0.6
36028802514522251
This page is intentionally left blank
2021-09-13 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30DF;L27/38;L28/32DF
Key for engine designation
1609526-0.11
The engine types of the MAN Energy Solutions programme are identified by
the following figures:

2021-11-03 - en
72057601229108107
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30A;L23/30H;L23/30H-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
/32S-DF 1 (1)
1609526-0.11
72057601229108107
2021-11-03 - en
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
/32S-DF
Safety precautions
3700277-3.6
General
Correct operation and maintenance, which is the aim of this manual, are cru-
cial points for obtaining optimum safety in the engine room.
The general measures mentioned here should therefore be routine practice for
the entire engine crew.
Lubricating oil condition, filter elements and measuring equipment, see
"Planned Maintenance Programme".
Engine room staff

Operation & Maintenance of MAN Engines is to be carried out by qualified
professional personal.
Stays in engine room must be limited
Minimum safety equipment requirements:

1. Safety shoes
2. Hearing protection (to be used if sound level exceeds 80 dB (A))
3. Boiler suit or other protective wear
Use helmet if load is lifted more than 2 meters!
2021-10-13 - en
Use harness working at heights over 2 meters!

Please check Work cards if additional personal protection is needed for spe-
Safety precautions
cific work procedures.
Signs / Nameplates
Signs and nameplates mounted on the engine are not to be removed, painted
Description
over, or in any other way be made unreadable. This includes safety signs,
signs with serial numbers, signs with instructions, etc.
L28/32A;L27/38-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30A;L21/31-
Mk2;L28/32DF;V28/32S;L28/32S;L28/32H;L27/38S;L27/38;L23/30DF;L23/30S;L
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 1 (22)
3700277-3.6
Special dangers
Keep clear of the space below a crane with load.

WARNING
Opening of cocks may cause discharge of hot liquids or gases.
Blow-off from safety valve will discharge hot liquids, gasses and flash
flame.
Observe which way liquids, gases or flames will spray, and keep clear.
Dismantling of parts may cause the release of springs.
Do not stand near turbochargers in case of any abnormal running.
Do not stand near crankcase doors or relief valves - nor in corridors
near doors to the engine room casing - when alarms for oil mist, high
lube oil temperature.
Cleanliness
The engine and engine room should be kept clean and tidy.
Oily rags must never be left around the engine room spaces as they are highly
flamable and slippery.
Remove any oil spil at once.
If there is a risk of grit or sand blowing into the engine room, stop the ventila-
tion and close the ventilating ducts, skylights and engine room doors.
Welding, or other work which causes spreading of grit and/or swarf, must not
be carried out near the engine unless it is closed or protected, and the tur-
bocharger air intake filters covered.
The exterior of the engine should be kept clean, and the paintwork main-
tained, so that leakages can be easily detected.
Fire
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
WARNING Keep the areas around the relief valves free of oil, grease, etc.
to prevent the risk of fire caused by the emitted hot air/gas in
the event that the relief valves open.
Description
Do not weld or use naked lights in the engine room, until it has been ascer-
tained that no explosive gases, vapour or liquids are present.
2 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
If the crankcase is opened before the engine has cooled down, welding and
3700277-3.6
the use of naked flames will involve the risk of explosions and fire. The same
applies to inspection of oil tanks and of the spaces below the floor.
Attention is furthermore drawn to the danger of fire when using paint and
solvents having a low flash point. Porous insulating material, soaked with oil
from leakages, is easily inflammable and should be renewed.
Handling of flammable materials

To prevent dangers related to handling of flammable materials, the following
measures must be taken:
▪ A high air exchange rate reduces the risk of fires.
▪ For conventional applications, the volume of air in an enclosed space shall
be completely replaced at least five times per hour.
▪ For applications with highly flammable materials such as gas, oxygen,
etc., the air volume shall be completely replaced at least twelve times per
hour.
▪ In the case of highly flammable gaseous materials, ensure that the pipe-
work is permanently technically sealed. Take organisational measures to
ensure that no leaks occur.
▪ Ensure that no naked flames are generated and that smoking is prohib-
ited.
▪ If open flames cannot be avoided, e.g. during welding work, make sure
that no flammable substances or atmospheres are present in the working
environment.
▪ Pipes for hot and flammable liquids (e.g. lube oil) shall be routed at an ap-
propriate distance from heat-sensitive materials.
▪ Close hot open surfaces with thermally insulating covers to prevent igni-
tion of dripping media.
Handling electrical wiring and cables

▪ Route all wiring and cables that is at risk of elevated temperatures so that
they are protected against external excessive heat.
▪ The minimum distance between control lines and power supply cables (up
to 690 V AC) is 150 mm.
▪ The minimum distance between low-voltage and medium-voltage power
lines is 300 mm.
▪ Special requirements such as necessary shielding must always be ob-
served. Any such instructions specified in the drawings are binding.
2021-10-13 - en
▪ Cables of intrinsically safe circuits (for EX zones) should always be laid in

Safety precautions
their own cable duct and must not be laid together with signal and power
cables. Maintain minimum distance. The shell colour is light blue.
▪ See the cable manufacturer’s specifications for the minimum bending ra-
dius of the cables.
Description
Handling hoses and pipes

Hoses and pipes pose hazards due to the media they are used to transport:
▪ Flammable liquids or gaseous media.
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 3 (22)
▪ Hot liquid or gaseous media.

3700277-3.6
▪ Liquid or gaseous media under high pressure.

Liquid or gaseous media escaping in an uncontrolled manner may cause seri-
ous injuries. Liquid media and vapours may be very hot, which can cause seri-
ous burns if they escape. Leaking gaseous media may cool very rapidly,
which may cause frostbite. Improper handling may result in explosions, fire or
serious injury (burns, skin and eye injuries due to liquid or gaseous media es-
caping suddenly under high pressure).
Always observe the following safety precautions when handling hoses and
pipes:
▪ Observe the maintenance schedule, particularly the specified replacement
intervals.
▪ All lines, hoses and bolted connections must be regularly checked for
leakages and externally visible damage. Repair any damage immediately.
Avoid chafing and repair if necessary.
▪ Before opening or dismantling any piping, cylinders, tanks, valves or con-
nections, make sure that the system is depressurised or drained.
▪ Ensure that all piping, cylinders, tanks, valves and connections are suit-
able for the intended media, temperature and pressure ranges.
▪ Allow pipes carrying hot liquids or gases to cool down before opening.
▪ Replace insulating material contaminated with flammable liquids immedi-
ately.
▪ Install all flexible hose connections so that they are free of torsional forces.
Order / Tidiness
Hand tools should be securely fastened and placed on easily accessible tool
panels. Special tools should be fastened in the engine room, close to the area
to be used.
No major objects must be left unfastened, and the floor and passages should
be kept clear.
Tools
All tools supplied by MAN Energy Solutions are designed in compliance with
European standards, including the EU Machinery Directive when applicable.
In case the tools are to be used in areas where specific certificates, tests,
markings or approvals are required, it is the owner’s and/or the user’s sole re-
sponsibility to ensure that the tools fulfill these requirements. MAN Energy
2021-10-13 - en
Solutions accepts no liability in this regards whatsoever.

Safety precautions
It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure that the tools are in good, safe
and usable condition before use.
In case of doubt, please contact MAN Energy Solutions.
Spares
Description
All spares should be protected against corrosion and mechanical damage.

The stock should be checked at intervals and replenished in good time.
4 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
Lighting
Ample working light should be permanently installed at appropriate places in
the engine room spaces, and portable working light should be obtainable
everywhere. 24v safety lamps must be available for use inside the engine.
Hazardous materials
Hazardous materials
All risks must be identified in a risk assessment. Safety measures must be im-
plemented in relation to the activity and in consideration of the safety data
sheets before work begins.
▪ Always follow the manufacturer’s specific instructions, i.e. the material
safety data sheet (MSDS)
▪ Use protective gloves, goggles, breathing mask, and any other recom-
mended protective gear stated in the material safety data sheet
▪ Read the material safety data sheet regarding first aid measures in the
event of skin contact
▪ When handling harmful materials it is important to ensure proper ventila-
tion and shielding if needed
▪ In the event of leaks or spillage, spread binding agents immediately. Dis-
pose of the binding agents according to the material safety data sheet
Splash guard
It is required that fuel oil and lubrication oil lines and flanged connections must
be screened or otherwise suitably protected to avoid oil onto hot surfaces, air
intakes, electrical installations or other sources of ignition. Splash guard re-
moved in connection with maintenance or repair work must be reinstalled
again when the work has been carried out.
Freezing
If there is a risk of damage due to freezing when the plant is out of service,
engines, pumps, coolers, and pipe systems should be emptied of cooling wa-
ter.
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 5 (22)
3700277-3.6
Hydraulic tools
In case of malfunctioning hydraulic jacks or hoses

DANGER
• Always keep clear of area above the pressurised hydraulic jack during
use.
Broken studs or malfunctioning jack can eject !
• Bursting hydraulic hose can eject oil into the skin!
Always inspect the hose assembly before use.
Defective or damaged hose assemblies must be replaced and dis-
carded !
WARNING Keep the work area clear

• Whipping hose ends poses a risk !
Verify correct engagement of couplings before applying hydraulic pres-
sure
• Leaking hydraulic oil can pose a risk in case of skin contact.
Always use goggles and oil resistant gloves when working with hy-
draulic oil. 2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
CAUTION First Aid

If a fluid injection occurs, it must always be treated as a medical emer-
Description
gency!
For operation of hydraulic tools, see work card 520-01.05 and 520-01.06.
6 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
Following safety equipment respectively safety measures must be provided by yard/
end-customer
▪ Securing of the engine´s turning gear
Before engaging the turning gear, ensure that the starting air supply is
shut off, the main starting - and that the indicator cocks are open.
When the turning gear is engaged, check that the indicator lamp “Turning
gear engaged” has switched on.
The turning gear´s gear wheel has to be covered. The turning gear should
be equipped with a remote control, allowing optimal positioning of the op-
erator, overlooking the entire hazard area (a cable of approximately 20 m
length is recommended).
It has to be prescribed in the form of a working instruction that:
– the turning gear has to be operated by at least two persons
– the work area must be secured against unauthorized entry
– only trained personnel is allowed to operate the turning gear
▪ Securing of the starting air pipe
To secure against unintentional restarting of the engine during mainten-
ance work, a disconnection and depressurization of the engine´s starting
air system must be possible. A lockable starting air stop valve must be
provided in the starting air pipe to the engine.
▪ Securing of the turbocharger rotor
To secure against unintentional turning of the turbocharger rotor while
maintenance work, it must be possible to prevent draught in the exhaust
gas duct and, if necessary, to secure the rotor against rotation.
▪ Safeguarding of the surrounding area of the flywheel
The entire area of the flywheel has to be safeguarded by yard/end-cus-
tomer.
Special care must be taken, inter alia, to prevent from: ejection of parts,
contact with moving machine parts and falling into the flywheel area.
▪ Consideration of the blow-off zone of the crankcase cover´s relief valves
If crankcase explosions should occur, the resulting hot gases will be
blown out of the crankcase through the relief valves.
This must be considered in the overall planning.
▪ Setting up storage areas
Throughout the plant, suitable storage areas have to be determined for
stabling of components and tools. Thereby it is important to ensure stabil-
2021-10-13 - en
ity, carrying capacity and accessibility. The quality structure of the ground
has to be considered (slip resistance, resistance against residual liquids of
Safety precautions
the stored components, consideration of the transport and traffic routes).

▪ Proper execution of the work
Generally, it is necessary to ensure that all work is properly done accord-
ing to the task trained and qualified personnel. Special attention must be
paid to the execution of the electrical equipment. By selection of suitable
Description
specialized companies and personnel, it has to be ensured that a faulty

feeding of media, electric voltage and electric currents will be avoided.
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 7 (22)
3700277-3.6
▪ Installation of flexible connections

For installation of flexible connections please follow strictly the information
given in the planning and final documentation and the manufacturer
manual.
Flexible connections may be sensitive to corrosive media. For cleaning
only adequate cleaning agents must be used (see manufacturer manual).
Substances containing chlorine or other halogens are generally not al-
lowed.
Flexible connections have to be checked regularly and replaced after any
damage or life time given in manufacturer manual.
▪ Connection of exhaust port of the turbocharger at the engine to the ex-
haust gas system of the plant
The connection between the exhaust port of the turbocharger and ex-
haust gas system of the plant has to be executed gas tight and must be
equipped with a fire proof insulation.
The surface temperature of the fire insulation must not exceed 220 °C.
In workspaces and traffic areas, a suitable contact protection has to be
provided whose surface temperature must not exceed 60 °C.
The connection has to be equipped with compensators for longitudinal
expansion and axis displacement in consideration of the occurring vibra-
tions.
(The flange of the turbocharger reaches temperatures of up to 450 °C).
▪ Generally, any ignition sources, smoking and open fire in the maintenance
and protection area of the engine is prohibited.
▪ Smoke detection systems and fire alarm systems have to be provided.
▪ Signs
– Following figure exemplarily shows the declared risks in the area of a
combustion engine.
– This may vary slightly for the specific engine. This warning sign has to
be mounted clearly visibly at the engine as well as at all entrances to
the engine room or to the power house.
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
8 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
Figure 1: Warning sign
– Prohibited area signs

Dependending on the application, it is possible that specific operating
ranges of the engine must be prohibited.
In these cases, the signs will be delivered together with the engine,
which have to be mounted clearly visibly on places at the engine
which allow intervention to the engine operation.
▪ Optical and acoustic warning device
Due to noise-impared voice communication in the engine room/power
house, it is necessary to check where at the plant additionally to acoustic
warning signals optical warning signals (e.g. flash lamp) should be
provided.
In any case, optical and acoustic warning devices are necessary while us-
ing the turning gear and while starting/stopping the engine.
▪ Engine room ventilation
An effective ventilation system has to be provided in the engine room to
avoid endangering by contact or by inhalation of fluids, gases, vapours
and dusts which could have harmful, toxic, corrosive and/or acid effects.
▪ Venting of crankcase and turbocharger
The gases/vapours originating from crankcase and turbocharger are ignit-
2021-10-13 - en
able. It must be ensured that the gases/vapours will not be ignited by ex-
ternal sources. For multi-engine plants, each engine has to be ventilated
Safety precautions
separately. The engine ventilation of different engines must not be con-

nected.
In case of an installed suction system, it has to be ensured that it will not
be stopped until at least 20 minutes after engine shutdown.
▪ Drainable supplies and excipients
Description
Supply system and excipient system must be drainable and must be se-
cured against unintentional recommissioning (EN 1037). Sufficient ventila-
tion at the filling, emptying and ventilation points must be ensured.
The residual quantities which must be emptied have to be collected and
disposed of properly.
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 9 (22)
▪ Spray guard has to be ensured for liquids possibly leaking from the
flanges of the plant´s piping system. The emerging media must be drained
3700277-3.6
off and collected safely.

▪ Composition of the ground
The ground, workspace, transport/traffic routes and storage areas have to
be designed according to the physical and chemical characteristics of the
excipients and supplies used in the plant.
Safe work for maintenance and operational staff must always be possible.
▪ Adequate lighting
Light sources for an adequate and sufficient lighting must be provided by
yard/end-customer. The current guidelines should be followed.
(100 Lux is recommended, see also DIN EN 1679-1)
▪ Working platforms/scaffolds
For work on the engine working platforms/scaffolds must be provided and
further safety precautions must be taken into consideration. Among other
things, it must be possible to work secured by safety belts. Correspond-
ing lifting points/devices have to be provided.
▪ Fail-safe 24 V power supply

Because engine control, alarm system and safety system are connected
to a 24 V power supply this part of the plant has to be designed fail-safe
to ensure a regular engine operation.
▪ Intake air filtering
In case of air intake is realized through piping and not by means of the tur-
bocharger´s intake silencer, appropriate measures for air filtering must be
provided. It must be ensured that particles exceeding 5 μm will be re-
strained by an air filtration system.
▪ Quality of the intake air
It has to be ensured that combustible media will not be sucked in by the
engine.
Intake air quality according to the relevant section of the project guide has
to be guaranteed.
▪ Emergency stop system
The emergency stop system requires special care during planning, realiza-
tion, commissioning and testing at site to avoid dangerous operating con-
ditions. The assessment of the effects on other system components
caused by an emergency stop of the engine must be carried out by yard/
end-customer.
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
10 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
Lifting precautions
Lift of engine components needs to be planned through all steps of the lifting
procedure.
When lifting loads below 500 kg the use of a tackle is required.
Lifting attachments are to be tightened into full contact with the component to
be lifted.
Only use designated lifting points, see Instruction Manual for guidance.
Make sure the lowest Safe Working Load (SWL) of the lifting equipment in the
lifting chain is never exceeded.
Keep lifting equipment clear of sharp edges.
Make sure to attach the load correctly on the crane hook.
Always keep clear of the space below a crane with load.
Working air
Use of working air requires safety goggles and gloves.
Avoid blowing pressurised air directly at skin.
Sealing materials
Use gloves made of neopren or PVC when removing O-rings and other rub-
ber/plastic-based sealing materials which have been subjected to abnormally
high temperatures.
First aid measures: In the event of skin contact - rinse with plenty of water -
remove all contaminated clothing - consult a doctor - dispose of all material
and gloves in accordance with laws and regulations.
Hot and cold surfaces

2021-10-13 - en
During operation, high surface temperatures can occur, which can cause
Safety precautions
burns if touched. Individual components and piping systems may contain

gases or volatile liquids. Due to the expansion of gases or evaporation of li-
quids they can become very cold.
▪ Wear suitable personal protective equipment.
▪ Avoid direct contact with hot and cold surfaces.
Description
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 11 (22)
3700277-3.6
Safety valve
Beware of unexpected opening of safety valves and its exhaust opening in top
of the cylinder top cover as hot liquids, gasses and flash flame will be dis-
charged.
Fuel nozzle testing

The removal of fuel valves (or other valves in the cylinder head) may cause oil
to run down to the piston crown; if the piston is hot, an explosion may then
blow out the valve. When testing fuel valves with the hand pump, do not
touch the spray holes, as the jet may pierce the skin.
Alarms
It is important that all alarms lead to prompt investigation and remedy of the
error. No alarm is insignificant. The most serious alarms are equipped with
slow-down and/or shut-down functions. It is therefore important that all en-
gine operation personel are familiar with and well trained in the use and im-
portance of the alarm system.
Safety notes
This warning is used when an operation, procedure, or use may cause

DANGER personal injury or loss of life.

WARNING a latently dangerous state of personal injury or loss of life.

CAUTION damage to or destruction of equipment and a slight or serious injury.
2021-10-13 - en

NOTICE
Safety precautions
damage to or destruction of equipment.
Subsuppliers and external equipment

Description
Please check the special instructions concerning subsupplier delivery and ex-
ternal equipment for specific warnings!
12 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
Special notes
Health Risk!
WARNING Health Risk!

Due to vibrations during engine operation, especially in awkward posi-
tions!
The area around the engine
The area around the engine must be clean and tidy!

WARNING
Tool
Use original tool!

WARNING
Tool and wire
Use original tool!

WARNING Use original wire for lifting!
Warning!
Be aware of stored energy source!

WARNING
2021-10-13 - en
Air supply!
Safety precautions
Air supply must not be interrupted when engine is running.

WARNING
Description
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 13 (22)
Warning!
3700277-3.6
Do not reach inside engine!

WARNING
Failure to follow above safety instructions can result in dangerous

WARNING fires, extensive damage to equipment.
Actuator / Governor mounting and adjustment
In the event of a misaligned or broken drive shaf or gear train, an over-

WARNING speed condition or runaway engine can develop. An overspeeding or
runaway engine can result in extensive damage to the equipment, per-
sonal injury and/or loss of life.
To prevent possible injury or loss of life or damage to the engine, be

WARNING sure to allow sufficient overtravel at each end of the terminal shaft, so
that the governor / actuator can shutdown the engine, and also give
maximum fuel, when required. Misadjusted linkage could prevent the
governor / actuator from shutting down the engine.
Switch off the 24V DC voltage supply

WARNING
Overspeed
Do not raise the speed over 120% of nominal speed as this could
WARNING course severe damage to the engine.
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Safety precautions at maintenance

Before maintenance work is carried out, the engine must be stopped and
blocked according to the safety precautions given on the specific data page,
page 1 of each Working Card.
Description
The necessary items to be stopped and / or blocked are marked as shown in

below examples.
14 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
Figure 2:
Safety precautions at running engine
Figure 3:
Data sheet signs

Data sheets may include warning signs for special dangers that could arrise in
connection with the maintenance procedures.
Warning signs Mandatory action signs
General warning General mandatory

sign action sign
Explosive material Wear ear protection
Drop (fall) Wear eye protec-

tion
Slippery surface Wear safety foot-

wear
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Electricity Wear protective

gloves
Overhead load Wear face shield

Description
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 15 (22)
Hot surface Wear head protec-

3700277-3.6
tion
Crushing Wear mask
Overhead obstacle Wear respitory pro-

tection
Flammable Wear safety har-

ness
Crushing of hands Disconnect before

carrying out main-
tenance
Pressurized cylinder Use gas detector
Pressurized device No open flame
Low temperature/
freezing
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
16 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
Placement of warning signs
L16/24, L16/24S
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 17 (22)
3700277-3.6

L21/31, L21/31S
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
18 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
L27/38, L27/38S
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 19 (22)
3700277-3.6

L23/30A, L23/30H, L23/30S, L23/30DF
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
20 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700277-3.6
V28/32S
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
Description
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 21 (22)
3700277-3.6

L28/32A, L28/32H, L28/32S, L28/32DF
2021-10-13 - en
Safety precautions
117093607166645643
Description
22 (22) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
Designation of cylinders
1607568-0.3
General
45036003464937995
2021-09-10 - en
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;L28/32DF 1 (1)
1607568-0.3
45036003464937995
2021-09-10 - en
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;L28/32DF
Code identification for instruments
1687100-5.7
Explanation of symbols
Specification of letter code for measuring devices

1st letter Following letters
F Flow A Alarm
L Level D Differential
P Pressure E Element
S Speed, System H High Code identification for instruments

T Temperature I Indicating
U Voltage L Low
V Viscosity S Switching, Stop

2021-09-13 - en
X Sound T Transmitting
Z Position X Failure
V Valve, Actuator
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L2
8/32DF 1 (3)
1687100-5.7
Standard text for instruments
Diesel engine/alternator
LT water system
01 inlet to air cooler 04 inlet to alternator 07 inlet to lub. oil cooler

02 outlet from air cooler 05 outlet from alternator 08 inlet to fresh water cooler
03 outlet from lub. oil cooler 06 outlet from fresh water cooler 09
(SW)
HT water system
10 inlet to engine 14 inlet to HT air cooler 17 outlet from fresh water cooler
10A FW inlet to engine 14A FW inlet to air cooler 18 inlet to fresh water cooler
11 outlet from each cylinder 14B FW outlet from air cooler 19 preheater
12 outlet from engine 15 outlet from HT system 19A inlet to prechamber
13 inlet to HT pump 16 outlet from turbocharger 19B outlet from prechamber
Lubricating oil system
20 inlet to cooler 24 sealing oil - inlet engine 28 level in base frame

21 outlet from cooler/inlet to filter 25 prelubricating 29 main bearings
22 outlet from filter/inlet to engine 26 inlet rocker arms and roller
23 inlet to turbocharger guides
23B outlet from turbocharger 27 intermediate bearing/alternator
bearing
Charging air system
30 inlet to cooler 34 charge air conditioning 38 Ambient temperature

31 outlet from cooler 35 surplus air inlet 39
32 jet assist system 36 inlet to turbocharger
33 outlet from TC filter/inlet to TC 37 charge air from mixer
compr.
Fuel oil system
40 inlet to engine 44 outlet from sealing oil pump 48

41 outlet from engine 45 fuel-rack position 49

42 leakage 46 inlet to prechamber
43 inlet to filter 47
Nozzle cooling system
50 inlet to fuel valves 54 58 oil splash

2021-09-13 - en
51 outlet from fuel valves 55 valve timing 59 alternator load

52 56 injection timing
53 57 earth/diff. protection
Exhaust gas system
60 outlet from cylinder 64 68

61 outlet from turbocharger 65 69
Description
62 inlet to turbocharger 66
63 combustion chamber 67
2 (3) 8/32DF
1687100-5.7
Compressed air system
70 inlet to engine 74 inlet to reduction valve 78 inlet to sealing oil system

71 inlet to stop cylinder 75 microswitch for turning gear 79
72 inlet to balance arm unit 76 inlet to turning gear
73 control air 77 waste gate pressure
36028804427355403
Load speed
80 overspeed air 84 engine stop 88 index - fuel injection pump

81 overspeed 85 microswitch for overload 89 turbocharger speed
82 emergency stop 86 shutdown 90 engine speed
83 engine start 87 ready to start
36028804427355403
Miscellaneous
91 natural gas - inlet to engine 95 voltage 99 common alarm

92 oil mist detector 96 switch for operating location 100 inlet to MDO cooler
93 knocking sensor 97 remote 101 outlet to MDO cooler
94 cylinder lubricating 98 alternator winding 102 alternator cooling air
36028804427355403

2021-09-13 - en
Description
8/32DF 3 (3)
1687100-5.7
36028804427355403
2021-09-13 - en
Description
8/32DF
Symbols for piping
1655279-1.2
General
No Symbol Symbol designation No Symbol Symbol designation
1. GENERAL CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS 2.13 Blank flange
1.1 Pipe 2.14 Spectacle flange
1.2 Pipe with indication of direction 2.15 Orifice

flow
1.3 Valves, gate valves, cocks and 2.16 Orifice

flaps
1.4 Appliances 2.17 Loop expansion joint
1.5 Indicating and measuring instru- 2.18 Snap coupling

ments
1.6 High-pressure pipe 2.19 Pneumatic flow or exhaust to at-

mosphere
1.7 Tracing 3. VALVES, GATE VALVES, COCKS AND FLAPS
1.8 Enclosure for several components 3.1 Valve, straight through

as-sembled in one unit
2. PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS 3.2 Valve, angle
2.1 Crossing pipes, not connected 3.3 Valve, three-way
2.2 Crossing pipes, connected 3.4 Non-return valve (flap), straight
2.3 Tee pipe 3.5 Non-return valve (flap), angle
2.4 Flexible pipe 3.6 Non-return valve (flap), straight

screw down
2.5 Expansion pipe (corrugated) gen- 3.7 Non-return valve (flap), angle,
eral screw down
2.6 Joint, screwed 3.8 Safety valve

2021-03-23 - en
2.7 Joint, flanged 3.9 Angle safety valve

Symbols for piping
2.8 Joint, sleeve 3.10 Self-closing valve
2.9 Joint, quick-releasing 3.11 Quick-opening valve

Description
2.10 Expansion joint with gland 3.12 Quick-closing valve
2.11 Expansion pipe 3.13 Regulating valve
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
Mk2;L27/38S;L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31S;L23/30H;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L28/
32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF 1 (12)
2.12 Cap nut 3.14 Ball valve (cock)

1655279-1.2
2021-03-23 - en
Symbols for piping
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
2 (12) 32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF
1655279-1.2
3.15 Butterfly valve 3.37 3/2 spring return valve contr. by
solenoid
3.16 Gate valve 3.38 Reducing valve (adjustable)
3.17 Double-seated changeover valve 3.39 On/off valve controlled by solenoid

and pilot directional valve and with
spring return
3.18 Suction valve chest 4. CONTROL AND REGULATION PARTS
3.19 Suction valve chest with non-re- 4.1 Fan-operated

turn valves
3.20 Double-seated changeover valve, 4.2 Remote control

straight
3.21 Double-seated changeover valve, 4.3 Spring

angle
3.22 Cock, straight through 4.4 Mass
3.23 Cock, angle 4.5 Float
3.24 Cock, three-way, L-port in plug 4.6 Piston
3.25 Cock, three-way, T-port in plug 4.7 Membrane
3.26 Cock, four-way, straight through in 4.8 Electric motor

plug
3.27 Cock with bottom connection 4.9 Electromagnetic
3.28 Cock, straight through, with bot- 4.10 Manual (at pneumatic valves)
tom conn.
3.29 Cock, angle, with bottom connec- 4.11 Push button

tion
3.30 Cock, three-way, with bottom 4.12 Spring

connection
3.31 Thermostatic valve 4.13 Solenoid
3.32 Valve with test flange 4.14 Solenoid and pilot directional valve
2021-03-23 - en
Symbols for piping
3.33 3-way valve with remote control 4.15 By plunger or tracer

(actuator)
3.34 Non-return valve (air) 5. APPLIANCES
3.35 3/2 spring return valve, normally 5.1 Mudbox

closed
Description
3.36 2/2 spring return valve, normally 5.2 Filter or strainer

closed
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF 3 (12)

1655279-1.2
5.3 Magnetic filter 6. FITTINGS
5.4 Separator 6.1 Funnel / waste tray
5.5 Steam trap 6.2 Drain
5.6 Centrifugal pump 6.3 Waste tray
5.7 Gear or screw pump 6.4 Waste tray with plug
5.8 Hand pump (bucket) 6.5 Turbocharger
5.9 Ejector 6.6 Fuel oil pump
5.10 Various accessories (text to be ad- 6.7 Bearing

ded)
5.11 Piston pump 6.8 Water jacket
5.12 Heat exchanger 6.9 Overspeed device
5.13 Electric preheater 7. READING INSTR. WITH ORDINARY DESIGNATIONS
5.14 Air filter 7.1 Sight flow indicator
5.15 Air filter with manual control 7.2 Observation glass
5.16 Air filter with automatic drain 7.3 Level indicator
5.17 Water trap with manual control 7.4 Distance level indicator
5.18 Air lubricator 7.5 Recorder
5.19 Silencer
5.20 Fixed capacity pneumatic motor

with direction of flow
5.21 Single acting cylinder with spring

returned
2021-03-23 - en
5.22 Double acting cylinder with spring

Symbols for piping
returned
5.23 Steam trap

Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
4 (12) 32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF
1655279-1.2
List of Symbols
General
Pipe dimensions and piping signature
Pipe dimenesions
A : Welded or seamless steel pipes. B : Seamless precision steel pipes or Cu-pipes.
Normal Outside Wall Stated: Outside diameter and wall thickness i.e. 18 x 2
Diameter Diameter Thickness Piping
DN mm mm
: Built-on engine/Gearbox
: Yard supply
Items connected by thick lines are built-on engine/ gearbox.
15 21.3 In accordance
20 26.9 with classifica-
25 33.7 tion or other
32 42.4 rules
40 48.3
50 60.3
65 76.1
80 88.9
90 101.6
100 114.3
125 139.7
150 168.3
175 193.7
200 219.1
2021-03-23 - en
Symbols for piping

Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF 5 (12)
General
1655279-1.2
Pump, general DIN 2481 Ballcock
Centrifugal pump DIN 2481 Cock, three-way, L-port
Centrifugal pump with electric DIN 2481 Double-non-return valve DIN 74.253
motor
Gear pump DIN 2481 Spectacle flange DIN 2481
Screw pump DIN 2481 Spectacle flange, open DIN 2481
Screw pump with electric DIN 2481 Spectacle flange, closed DIN 2481
motor
Compressor ISO 1219 Orifice
Heat exchanger DIN 2481 Flexible pipe
Electric pre-heater DIN 2481 Centrifuge DIN 28.004
Heating coil DIN 8972 Suction bell
Non-return valve Air vent
Butterfly valve Sight glass DIN 28.004
Gate valve Mudbox
Relief valve Filter
Quick-closing valve Filter with water trap ISO 1219
Self-closing valve Typhon DIN 74.253
Back pressure valve Pressure reducing valve (air) ISO 1219
Shut off valve Oil trap DIN 28.004

2021-03-23 - en
Thermostatic valve Accumulator

Symbols for piping
Pneumatic operated valve Pressure reducing valve with

pressure gauge
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
6 (12) 32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF
General
1655279-1.2
Specification of letter code for measuring devices
1st letter Following letters
D : Density A : Alarm
E : Electric D : Difference
F : Flow E : Transducer
L : Level H : High
M ; Moisture I : Indicating
P : Pressure L : Low
S : Speed N : Closed
T : Temperature O : Open
V : Viscosity S : Switching, shut down
Z : Position T : Transmitter
X : Failure
(ISO 3511/I-1977(E)) C : Controlling
Z : Emergency/safety acting
2021-03-23 - en
Symbols for piping
The presence of a measuring device on a schematic diagram does not necessarily

indicate that the device is included in our scope of supply.
For each plant. The total extent of our supply will be stated formally.
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF 7 (12)
General
1655279-1.2
Specification of ID-no code for measuring signals/devices
1st digit 2nd digit

Refers to the main system to which the signal is related. Refers to the auxillary system to which the signal is re-
lated.
1xxx : Engine x0xx : LT cooling water
2xxx : Gearbox x1xx : HT cooling water
3xxx : Propeller equipment x2xx : Oil systems (lub. oil, cooling oil, clutch oil, servo oil)
4xxx : Automation equipment x3xx : Air systems (starting air, control air, charging air)
5xxx : Other equipment, not related to the propulsion x4xx : Fuel systems (fuel injection, fuel oil)
plant
x5xx :
x6xx : Exhaust gas system
x7xx : Power control systems (start, stop, clutch, speed,
pitch)
x8xx : Sea water
x9xx : Miscellaneous (shaft, stern tube, sealing)
The last two digits are numeric ID for devices referring to the same main and aux. system.
Where dublicated measurements are carried out, i.e. multiple similar devices are measuring the same parameter, the
ID specification is followed by a letter (A, B, ...etc.), in order to be able to separate the signals from each other.
2021-03-23 - en
Symbols for piping
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
8 (12) 32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF
1655279-1.2
Basic symbols for piping
2237 Spring operated
safety valve
2238 Mass operated Safety

valve
2228 Spring actuator
2284 Float actuator
2229 Mass
2231 Membrane actuator
2230 Piston actuator
2232 Fluid actuator
2223 Solenoid actuator
2234 Electric motor actu-

ator
2235 Hand operated
Basic Symbol
Valves 584 585 593 588 592 590 591 604 605 579
584: Valve general

585: Valve with continuous regulation
593: Valve with safety function
588:Straight-way valve
592: Straight-way valve with continuous regulation
2021-03-23 - en
590:Angle valve
591: Three-way valve
Symbols for piping
604: Straight-way non return valve

605: Angle non-return valve
579: Non-return valve, ball type
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF 9 (12)
I - bored
1655279-1.2
L - bored
T - bored
2237 Spring operated

safety valve
2238 Mass operated

Safety valve
2228 Spring actuator
2284 Float actuator
2229 Mass
2231 Membrane actuator
2230 Piston actuator
2232 Fluid actuator
2223 Solenoid actuator
2234 Electric motor actu-

ator
2235 Hand operated
Basic Symbol
Valves 594 595 586 587 599 600 601 602 607 608 606
594: Straight-way reduction valve

595: Angle reduction valve
586: Gate valve
587: Gate valve with continuous regulation
599: Straight-way cock
2021-03-23 - en
600: Angle cock

601: Three-way cock
Symbols for piping
602: Four-way cock

607: Butterfly valve
608: Butterfly valve with continuous regulation
606: Non-return valve, flap type
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
10 (12) 32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF
1655279-1.2
Miscellaneous 972 Pipe threaded connection
582 Funnel xxx Blind
581 Atomizer Tanks
583 Air venting 631 Tank with domed ends
6.25 Air venting to the outside 771 Tank with conical ends
299 Normal opening/ closing speed yyy Electrical insert heater
300 Quick opening/ closing speed Heat exchanger
613 Orifice with diffuser 8.03 Electrical preheater
612 Orifice 8.08 Heat exchanger
611 Sight glass 792 Nest of pipes with bends
615 Silencer 798 Plate heat exchanger
617 Berst membrane Separators
629 Condensate relief 761 Separator
580 Reducer 764 Disc separator
589 Measuring point for thermo ele- Filters

ment
1298 Air relief valve 669 Air filter
Couplings/ Flanges 671 Fluid filter
167 Coupling Coolers

2021-03-23 - en
955 Flanged connection 16.03 Cooling tower

Symbols for piping
971 Clamped connection 16.06 Radiator cooler

Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF 11 (12)

1655279-1.2
Chimney Pumps
838 Chimney 708 Centrifugal pump
Expansion joints 697 Piston pump
2285 Expansion bellow 704 Piston pump - radial
4.1 Expansion pipe 700 Membrane pump
4.1.1.1 Loop expansion joint 702 Gear pump
4.1.1.2 Lyra expansion joint 705 Screw pump
4.1.1.3 Lens expansion joint 706 Mono pump
4.1.1.4 Expansion bellow 703 Hand vane pump
4.1.1.5 Steel tube Motors
4.1.1.6 Expansion joint with gland 13.14 Electrical motor AC
Compressors 13.14 Electrical motor AC
716 Piston compressor 13.14 Electrical motor AC
725 Turbo axial compressor 13.15 Electrical motor DC
726 Turbo dial compressor 13.15 Electrical motor DC
720 Roots compressor 13.15 Electrical motor DC
722 Screw compressors 13.15 Electrical motor DC
Ventilators 13.15 Electrical motor DC

2021-03-23 - en
637 Fan general 13.15 Electrical motor DC

Symbols for piping
638 Fan - radial 632 Turbine
639 Fan - axial 633 Piston engine

36028809640721803
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
12 (12) 32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L27/38;L28/32DF
MAN Energy Solutions D 10 05 0
List of capacities
3700711-1.1
Capacities
5L: 200 kW/cyl 6-9L: 220 kW/cyl, 1-string 5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 9

Speed - rpm 900 1000
Engine output kW 1000 1320 1540 1760 1980 1000 1320 1540 1760 1980
Heat to be dissipated 3)
Cooling water cylinder kW 137 190 227 266 305 135 186 222 259 297
Charge air cooler, cooling kW 230 297 331 361 390 242 307 342 374 404
water HT - Standard
water LT - Standard
water HT - PLO
water LT - PLO
Lube oil cooler kW 166 223 264 305 346 164 221 261 301 341
Heat readiation engine kW 31 40 47 54 60 31 40 47 54 60
Air data
°C 246 246 247 248 248 246 246 247 248 248
Charge air temp. At charge °C 50 54 56 58 60 50 54 56 58 60

air cooler outlet, max.
Air flow rate - Standard kg/ 5,5 5,8 5,8 5,8 5,8 5,8 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
kWh 5)
Air flow rate - PLO kg/ 5,8 6,1 6,1 6,1 6,1 6,0 6,3 6,3 6,3 6,3
kWh 5)
Charge air pressure bar 4,5 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,4 4,1 4,1 4,1 4,1
Exhaust gas data 6)
Mass flow - Standard t/h 7) 5,7 7,9 9,2 10,6 11,9 6,0 8,2 9,5 10,9 12,3
2022-04-08 - en
Mass flow - PLO t/h 7) 6,0 8,3 9,7 11,1 12,5 6,2 8,6 10,0 11,4 12,9
List of capacities
Temperature at turbine inlet °C 581 583 586 588 589 579 581 584 586 587
Temperature at turbine outlet °C 416 418 421 423 424 430 432 435 437 438
Heat content (190°C) kW 382 539 638 735 831 427 593 701 808 913
Description
Permissible exhaust back mbar 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

pressure
Permissible exhaust back mbar 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

pressure (SCR)
L21/31-Mk2, 1-string 1 (3)

D 10 05 0 MAN Energy Solutions
3700711-1.1
5L: 200 kW/cyl 6-9L: 220 kW/cyl, 1-string 5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 9

Speed - rpm 900 1000
Pumps
Engine driven pumps
HT cooling water pump m3/h 55 55 55 55 55 61 61 61 61 61

(1-2.5 bar)
LT cooling water pump m3/h 55 55 55 55 55 61 61 61 61 61

(1-2.5 bar)
Lube oil (3-5 bar) m3/h 31 31 41 41 41 34 34 46 46 46
External flow (from engine to system) 4)
LT/HT water flow m3/h 55 55 55 55 55 61 61 61 61 61
LT/HT water temperature °C 52 56 59 61 64 50 53 55 57 59
External pumps 8)
Diesel oil pump m3/h 0,89 1,18 1,37 1,57 1,76 0,89 1,18 1,37 1,57 1,76
(at 4 bar at fuel oil inlet A1)
Fuel oil supply pump m3/h 0,30 0,39 0,46 0,52 0,59 0,30 0,39 0,46 0,52 0,59
(4 bar discharge pressure)
Fuel oil circulating pump m3/h 0,89 1,18 1,37 1,57 1,76 0,89 1,18 1,37 1,57 1,76
(8 bar at fuel oil inlet A1) 9)
Starting air system
Air consumption per start Nm3 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8
(10 bar starter)
Air consumption per start Nm3 1,8 2,1 2,4 2,7 3,0 1,8 2,1 2,4 2,7 3,0
(30 bar air starter)
PLO = Part load optimised
Reference condition
Tropic
2022-04-08 - en
Air temperature °C 45
LT water temperature inlet engine (from system) °C 38

List of capacities
Air pressure bar 1
Rel. Humidity % 60
Temperature basis
Description
Setpoint HT cooling water engine outlet °C 82
engine equipped with HT thermostatic valve
Setpoint Lube oil engine intlet °C 60°C SAE30, 66°C SAE40
2 (3) L21/31-Mk2, 1-string

3700711-1.1
Remarks to capacities
1) HT cooling water flows first through HT stage charge air cooler, then through water jacket and cylinder head,
water temperature outlet engine regulated by mechanical thermostat.
2) LT cooling water flows first through LT stage charge air cooler, then through lube oil cooler, water temperature
outlet engine regulated by mechanical thermostat.
3) Tolerance: + 10% for rating coolers, - 15% for heat recovery.
4) Basic values for layout of the coolers.
5) Under above mentioned reference conditions.
6) Tolerance: quantity +/- 5%, temperature +/- 20°C.
7) Exhaust gas flow are calculated from given exhaust gas temperature at the Tropic reference condition.
8) Tolerance of the pumps' delivery capacities must be considered by the manufactures.
9) In order to ensure sufficient flow through the engine fuel system the capacity of the fuel oil circulation pumps
must be minimum 3 times the full load consumption of the installed engines
NOTICE
High temperature alarms can occur for some engine types running
100% MCR with SCR catalyst (50 mbar exhaust back pressure) and
tropical condition (ambient air 45°C & LT-water 38°C).
18014455808633867
2022-04-08 - en
List of capacities
Description
L21/31-Mk2, 1-string 3 (3)

3700711-1.1
18014455808633867
2022-04-08 - en
List of capacities
Description
L21/31-Mk2, 1-string
Vibration limits and measurements
3700395-8.5
GenSet
Measure- Description Limit Measure- Description Limit Measure- Description Limit

ment point ment point ment point
1 TC fore 18 5 Aft alternator 18 9 Alternator See be-
bearing foot low *
2 Governor/TC 18 6 Alternator 25 10 Automation 25

aft cooler box A-side
3 Front sup- 18 7 Intermediate 18 11 Automation 25

port bearing box B-side
4 Aft support 18 8 Alternator See be- 12 T&P panel 25

foot low *
Engine: VDI 2063T

Alternator: ISO 8528-9, DIN 6280-11
* Alternator Value 1 Value 2
P ≤ 1250 kVA 20 24
Note: All measurements are specified as mm/s r.m.s.
P > 1250 kVA 18 22
Value 1 or 2 are depending on alternator make
Date Running Hours Load % Vertical (z) (Engine oriented)

2021-09-22 - en
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
100
Crosswise (y) (Engine oriented)
100
Description
Longitudinal (x) (Engine oriented)
100
8/32DF 1 (2)
3700395-8.5
Turbocharger
Vibration acceleration measuring point, see the project guide for turbocharger.
63050409478158987
Turbocharger type Recommendation Contact engine builder

Meas. Meas. Meas. Meas. Meas. Meas.
pt (1) pt (2+3) pt (4) pt (1) pt (2+3) pt (4)
f (Hz) mm/s g mm/s g mm/s g mm/s g mm/s g mm/s g
TCR10 2.9 2.2 2.9 6.4 3.2 5.8
TCR12 2.6 2.0 2.6 5.8 2.9 5.2

NR12
TCR14
NR14, NR15, 2.0 1.6 2.0 4.5 2.2 4.0
NR17 3-300 45 35 45 100 50 90
TCR16 1.7 1.4 1.7 3.8 1.9 3.5

NR20
TCR18
NR20, NR24 1.4 1.1 1.4 3.2 1.6 2.9
TCR20
NR24, NR26 1.2 0.9 1.2 2.6 1.3 2.3
TCR22 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.9 1.0 1.7
Turbocharger vibration limit values - measuring point

63050409478158987
2021-09-22 - en
Date Running Hours Load % Vertical (z) (Turbocharger oriented)
1 2 3 4
Shop test 100
Crosswise (y) (Turbocharger oriented)
100
Description
Longitudinal (x) (Turbocharger oriented)
100
63050409478158987
2 (2) 8/32DF
Description of sound measurements
1609510-3.5
General
Purpose
This should be seen as an easily comprehensible sound analysis of MAN
GenSets. These measurements can be used in the project phase as a basis
for decisions concerning damping and isolation in buildings, engine rooms
and around exhaust systems.
Measuring equipment
All measurements have been made with Precision Sound Level Meters ac-
cording to standard IEC Publication 651or 804, type 1 – with 1/1 or 1/3
octave filters according to standard IEC Publication 225. Used sound calibrat-
ors are according to standard IEC Publication 942, class 1.
Definitions
Sound Pressure Level: LP = 20 x log P/P0 [dB ]
where P is the RMS value of sound pressure in pascals, and P0 is 20 μPa for
measurement in air.
Sound Power Level: LW = 10 x log P/P0 [dB]
where P is the RMS value of sound power in watts, and P0 is 1 pW.
Measuring conditions
All measurements are carried out in one of MAN Energy Solutions' test bed
facilities.
During measurements, the exhaust gas is led outside the test bed through a
silencer. The GenSet is placed on a resilient bed with generator and engine on
a common base frame.
Sound Power is normally determined from Sound Pressure measurements.

New measurement of exhaust sound is carried out at the test bed, unsi-
lenced, directly after turbocharger, with a probe microphone inside the ex-
haust pipe.
Previously used method for measuring exhaust sound are DS/ISO 2923 and
DIN 45635, here is measured on unsilenced exhaust sound, one meter from
the opening of the exhaust pipe, see fig.1.
2021-06-20 - en
Sound measuring "on-site"

The Sound Power Level can be directly applied to on-site conditions. It does
not, however, necessarily result in the same Sound Pressure Level as meas-
ured on test bed.
Normally the Sound Pressure Level on-site is 3-5 dB higher than the given
surface Sound Pressure Level (Lpf) measured at test bed. However, it depends
Description
strongly on the acoustical properties of the actual engine room.
Standards
Determination of Sound Power from Sound Pressure measurements will nor-
mally be carried out according to:
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-Mk2;L28/32S;L23/30DF;L28/32S-
DF;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L28/32DF;V28/32H;V28/32S;L16/24;L21
/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (2)
ISO 3744 (Measuring method, instruments, background noise, no of micro-

1609510-3.5
phone positions etc) and ISO 3746 (Accuracy due to criterion for suitability of
test environment, K2>2 dB).
Figure 1: .
36028804316507659
2021-06-20 - en
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-Mk2;L28/32S;L23/30DF;L28/32S-
DF;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L28/32DF;V28/32H;V28/32S;L16/24;L21
2 (2) /31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
Description of structure-borne noise
1671754-6.3
Introduction
This paper describes typical structure-borne noise levels from standard resili-
ently mounted MAN GenSets. The levels can be used in the project phase as
a reasonable basis for decisions concerning damping and insulation in build-
ings, engine rooms and surroundings in order to avoid noise and vibration
problems.
References
References and guidelines according to ISO 9611 and ISO 11689.
Operating condition
Levels are valid for standard resilient mounted GenSets on flexible rubber sup-
port of 55° sh (A) on relatively stiff and well-supported foundations.
Frequency range
The levels are valid in the frequency range 31.5 Hz to 4 kHz.
Figure 1: Structure-borne noise on resiliently mounted GenSets

45036003571817227
2021-09-22 - en
Description
8/32DF 1 (1)
1671754-6.3
45036003571817227
2021-09-22 - en
Description
8/32DF
Exhaust gas components
1655210-7.3
Exhaust gas components of medium speed four-stroke diesel engines
The exhaust gas is composed of numerous constituents which are formed
either from the combustion air, the fuel and lube oil used or which are chem-
ical reaction products formed during the combustion process. Only some of
these are to be considered as harmful substances.
For the typical exhaust gas composition of a MAN Energy Solutions four-
stroke engine without any exhaust gas treatment devices, please see tables
below (only for guidance). All engines produced currently fulfil IMO Tier II.
Carbon dioxide CO2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a product of combustion of all fossil fuels.
Among all internal combustion engines the diesel engine has the lowest spe-
cific CO2 emission based on the same fuel quality, due to its superior effi-
ciency.
Sulphur oxides SOX

Sulphur oxides (SOX) are formed by the combustion of the sulphur contained
in the fuel.
Among all propulsion systems the diesel process results in the lowest specific
SOx emission based on the same fuel quality, due to its superior efficiency.
Nitrogen oxides NOX

The high temperatures prevailing in the combustion chamber of an internal
combustion engine causes the chemical reaction of nitrogen (contained in the
combustion air as well as in some fuel grades) and oxygen (contained in the
combustion air) to nitrogen oxides (NOX).
Carbon monoxide CO
Carbon monoxide (CO) is formed during incomplete combustion.
In MAN Energy Solutions four-stroke diesel engines, optimisation of mixture
formation and turbocharging process successfully reduces the CO content of
the exhaust gas to a very low level.
Hydrocarbons HC
The hydrocarbons (HC) contained in the exhaust gas are composed of a mul-
2021-07-05 - en
titude of various organic compounds as a result of incomplete combustion.

Due to the efficient combustion process, the HC content of exhaust gas of
MAN Energy Solutions four-stroke diesel engines is at a very low level.
Particulate matter PM
Particulate matter (PM) consists of soot (elemental carbon) and ash.
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30DF;L28/32S-
DF;V28/32S;V28/32H;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L28/32DF;L1
6/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (2)
Main exhaust gas constituents approx. [% by volume] approx. [g/kWh]

1655210-7.3
Nitrogen N2 74.0 - 76.0 5,020 - 5,160
Oxygen O2 11.6 - 13.2 900 - 1,030
Carbon dioxide CO2 5.2 - 5.8 560 - 620
Steam H2O 5.9 - 8.6 260 - 370
Inert gases Ar, Ne, He ... 0.9 75
Total > 99.75 7,000

45036003695537035
Additional gaseous exhaust gas constitu- approx. [% by volume] approx. [g/kWh]

ents considered as pollutants
Sulphur oxides SOX1) 0.07 10.0
Nitrogen oxides NOX2) 0.07 - 0.10 8.0 - 10.0

3)
Carbon monoxide CO 0.006 - 0.011 0.4 - 0.8
Hydrocarbons HC4) 0.01 - 0.04 0.4 - 1.2
Total < 0.25 26

45036003695537035
Additional suspended exhaust gas con- approx. [mg/Nm3] approx. [g/kWh]

stituents, PM5)
operating on operating on
6) 7) 6)
MGO HFO MGO HFO7)
Soot (elemental carbon)8) 50 50 0.3 0.3
Fuel ash 4 40 0.03 0.25
Lube oil ash 3 8 0.02 0.04
Note!
At rated power and without exhaust gas treatment.
45036003695537035
1)
SOX, according to ISO-8178 or US EPA method 6C, with a sulphur content in the fuel oil of 2.5% by weight.
2)
NOX according to ISO-8178 or US EPA method 7E, total NOX emission calculated as NO2.
3)
CO according to ISO-8178 or US EPA method 10.
4)
HC according to ISO-8178 or US EPA method 25A.
5)
PM according to VDI-2066, EN-13284, ISO-9096 or US EPA method 17; in-stack filtration.
6)
Marine gas oil DM-A grade with an ash content of the fuel oil of 0.01% and an ash content of the lube oil of 1.5%.
7)
Heavy fuel oil RM-B grade with an ash content of the fuel oil of 0.1% and an ash content of the lube oil of 4.0%.
8)
Pure soot, without ash or any other particle-borne constituents.
45036003695537035
2021-07-05 - en
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30DF;L28/32S-
DF;V28/32S;V28/32H;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L28/32DF;L1
2 (2) 6/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
NOx emission
3700602-1.1
Maximum allowed emission value NOx
Related speed rpm 720 750 800 900 1000 1200
IMO Tier II g/kWh 9.69 9.60 9.46 9.20 8.98 8.61
cycle D2/E2/E3
IMO Tier III g/kWh 2.41 2.39 2.36 2.31 2.26 2.18
cycle D2/E2/E3
Marine engines are guaranteed to meet the revised International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships, “Revised MARPOL Annex VI (Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships), Regulation 13 as ad-
opted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
Cycle values as per ISO 8178-4: 2007, operating on ISO 8217 DM grade fuel (marine distillate fuel: MGO or MDO).
Maximum allowed NOX emissions for marine diesel engines according to IMO Tier II:
130 ≤ n ≤ 2000 ➝ 44 x n -0,23 g/kWh (n = rated engine speed in rpm)
Maximum allowed NOX emissions for marine diesel engines according to IMO Tier III:
130 ≤ n ≤ 2000 ➝ 9 x n -0,2 g/kWh (n = rated engine speed in rpm)
Calculated as NO2:
D2:Test cycle for “Constant-speed auxiliary engine” application
E2: Test cycle for “Constant-speed main propulsion” application including diesel-electric drive and all controllable
pitch propeller installations
E3: Test cycle for “Propeller-law-operated main and propeller-law operated auxiliary engine” application
Specified reference charge air temperature corresponds to an average value for all cylinders that will be achieved with
25°C LT cooling water temperature before charge air cooler (as according to ISO).
Dual-fuel engines (L23/30DF and L28/32DF) comply with IMO Tier III emission rules without exhaust gas after treat-
ment.
Liquid fuel engines (HFO, MDO, MGO etc.) can only comply with IMO Tier III emission rules with use of exhaust gas
after treatment (example SCR).
9007234257331595
The engine´s certification for compliance with the NOX limits will be
NOTICE carried out during factory acceptance test, FAT as a single or a group
certification.
9007234257331595
2021-10-07 - en
NOx emission
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30S;V23/30A;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32A;L28/32H;L28/32S;V2
8/32A;V28/32S;L28/32DF 1 (1)
3700602-1.1
9007234257331595
2021-10-07 - en
NOx emission
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30S;V23/30A;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32A;L28/32H;L28/32S;V2
8/32A;V28/32S;L28/32DF
Moment of intertia
3700691-7.0
GenSet
Eng. type Moments of inertia Flywheel
Number of Continuous Moments Engine + Moments of Mass Required
cylinders rating required total damper inertia moment of
Jmin inertia after
flywheel *)
kW Kgm2 Kgm2 Kgm2 kg Kgm2
n = 900 rpm
5 cyl. engine 1100 324 95 163 814 66

6 cyl. engine 1320 389 104 163 814 122
7 cyl. engine 1540 454 113 163 814 178
8 cyl. engine 1760 519 145**) 163 814 211
9 cyl. engine 1980 584 154**) 163 814 267
n = 1000 rpm
5 cyl. engine 1100 263 95 163 814 5

6 cyl. engine 1320 315 104 163 814 48
7 cyl. engine 1540 368 113 163 814 92
8 cyl. engine 1760 420 145**) 163 814 112
9 cyl. engine 1980 473 154**) 163 814 156
*) Required moment of inertia after flywheel is based on 164 Kgm2 flywheel, and the most common damper. The cal-
culation is based on 42% engine acceleration.
**) Incl. flexible coupling for two bearing alternator.
52590985995
Larger flywheel means lower alternator inertia demand, as total GenSet inertia
is the final demand.
Selection of bigger flywheel for having lower alternator inertia demand, have to
be approved by a torsional vibration calculation.
The following flywheels are available:

2021-05-12 - en
J = 131 kgm2
J = 163 kgm2
Moment of intertia
J = 205 kgm2
J = 245 kgm2
52590985995
Description
L21/31-Mk2 1 (1)
3700691-7.0
52590985995
2021-05-12 - en
Moment of intertia
Description
L21/31-Mk2
Inclination of engines
1679798-5.4
Description
All engines are as standard designed for and approved by leading classifica-
tion societies to be in accordance with IACS's demands for inclination of
ships, that means the following angles (°) of inclination.
Max. permissible angle of inclination [°] 1)
Application Athwartships α Fore and aft β
Trim (static) 2)
Heel to each side Rolling to each Pitching
L < 100 m L > 100 m
(static) side (dynamic) (dynamic)
GenSet/ 15 22.5 5 500/L 7.5

Main engines
36028804490972555
1)
Athwartships and fore and aft inclinations may occur simultaneously.
2)
Depending on length L of the ship.
36028804490972555
α Athwartships β Fore and aft

Figure 1: Angle of inclination.
2021-09-22 - en
NOTICE
For higher requirements contact MAN Energy Solutions. Arrange en-
Description
gines always lengthwise of the ship.
36028804490972555
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30DF;L28/32DF;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H, 1400000 1 (1)
1679798-5.4
36028804490972555
2021-09-22 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30DF;L28/32DF;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H, 1400000
Green Passport
1699985-1.1
Green Passport
In 2009 IMO adopted the „Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe
and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009“.
Until this convention enters into force the recommendatory guidelines “Resol-
ution A.962(23)” (adopted 2003) apply. This resolution has been implemented
by some classification societies as “Green Passport”.
MAN Energy Solutions is able to provide a list of hazardous materials comply-
ing with the requirements of the IMO Convention. This list is accepted by clas-
sification societies as a material declaration for “Green Passport”.
This material declaration can be provided on request.
36028804491048203
2021-06-20 - en
Green Passport
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
Mk2;V28/32S;V28/32H;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30DF;L23/30S;L16/24S;L21/31S;L
28/32DF;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (1)
1699985-1.1
36028804491048203
2021-06-20 - en
Green Passport
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
Mk2;V28/32S;V28/32H;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30DF;L23/30S;L16/24S;L21/31S;L
28/32DF;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
GenSet extension of TBO (Time Between Overhaul)
3700595-9.1
Condition based overhaul
The market trend for our engines are that maintenance programmes are
changed from programme-based to condition-based overhaul intervals where
various inspections and control parametes can be set up as indicators of the
present condition. This will enable the operator to judge and predict the
schedule for next maintenance operation.
Based on market feedback and experience gained over the years we have
worked out a planned maintenance programme for our GenSet which mainly
is based on operating hours referred to as recommended Time Between
Overhaul (TBO).
As per the service instruction manual the TBO for GenSet is originally recom-
mended at 12,000 to 16,000 hours for the major overhauls.
It is now documented that the GenSet can reach a TBO of 20,000 - 22,000
hours in HFO operation provided that the engine is operated according to the
instruction manual, that the following parts are installed and that the below-
mentioned guidelines are followed:
1. T/C wet and dry cleaning (More information, see SL2015-597)

W-W: Weekly Wet cleaning
D-D: Daily Dry cleaning
2. Installation of backflush filter 6/10µm in the external fuel oil system ac-
cording to MAN recommendations (More information, see SL2016-615)

3. Mandatory use of on board lubricating oil purifiers (treatment and main-
tenance of lubricating oil (More information, see SL2013-582)
4. GenSet engine is build according to newest design specification
– Installation of 25mµ safety filter in the internal fuel oil system (More in-
formation, see SL2013-577)
– Lubricating oil centrifugal filter is installed at engine (standard)
– Charge air preheating is installed at engine (option)
It is important to note and remember:

NOTICE Availability of tools for both wet and dry cleaning to be observed
2022-01-26 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L27/38 1 (2)
In general, we recommend the operators of our engines to closely monitor the

3700595-9.1
operation parameters and keep records of these in order to follow the trends
of the engine performance.
The condition-based maintenance system is based on observations and safe
operation.
For evaluation of condition, the below list of service letters, must be con-
sidered and followed.
1) Lub. oil treatment (SL2013-582)
2) Fuel injection valve condition (SL2016-628)
3) Cooling water treatment (SL2016-623)
4) Fuel oil cleaning (SL2017-640)
5) Cleaning of condensate drain (SL2017-649)
9007233582015243
6) Quality of fuel (SL2010-527)
It is therefore necessary to change the maintenance intervals on the GenSets
when changing from programme-based to conditioned-based maintenance.
New maintenance programme is issued in cooperation with MAN Energy

Solutions.
2022-01-26 - en
Description
2 (2) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L27/38
Overhaul recommendation, maintenance and expected life time
3700336-1.2
* After starting up and before loading engine.
** Time between overhauls:
It is a precondition for the validity of the values stated above, that the engine is
operated in accordance with our instructions and recommendations for clean-
ing of fuel and lub. oil and original spare parts are used.
In the Project Guide for GenSet, see Lub. oil treatment, in section B 12 00 0
and Fuel oil specification in section B 11 00 0 and section 14 000 for Propul-
sion.
2021-10-29 - en
In the Instruction Manual for GenSet and L21/31 Propulsion, see Lub. oil
treatment and Fuel oil specification in section 504/604. For Propulsion
L27/38, L23/30A, L28/32A see section 1.00.
1. Island mode, max. 75 % average load.
2. Parallel running with public grid, up to 100 % load.
3. See working card for fuel injection valve in the instruction manual, section
514/614 for GenSet and section 1.20.
Description
4. Time can be adjusted acc. to performance observations.

NOTICE Time between overhaul for Crude oil is equal to HFO
Time between overhaul for Biofuel is equal to MDO, except for fuel equipment
case by case, depending on TAN number
18014409860268939
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31, MGO/MDO, Stationary island mode 1) 1 (1)

3700336-1.2
18014409860268939
2021-10-29 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31, MGO/MDO, Stationary island mode 1)

3700337-3.2
* After starting up and before loading engine.
** Time between overhauls:
It is a precondition for the validity of the values stated above, that the engine is
operated in accordance with our instructions and recommendations for clean-
ing of fuel and lub. oil and original spare parts are used.
In the Project Guide for GenSet, see Lub. oil treatment, in section B 12 00 0
and Fuel oil specification in section B 11 00 0 and section 14 000 for Propul-
sion.
2021-10-29 - en
In the Instruction Manual for GenSet and L21/31 Propulsion, see Lub. oil
treatment and Fuel oil specification in section 504/604. For Propulsion
L27/38, L23/30A, L28/32A see section 1.00.
1. Island mode, max. 75 % average load.
2. Parallel running with public grid, up to 100 % load.
3. See working card for fuel injection valve in the instruction manual, section
514/614 for GenSet and section 1.20.
Description
4. Time can be adjusted acc. to performance observations.

NOTICE Time between overhaul for Crude oil is equal to HFO
Time between overhaul for Biofuel is equal to MDO, except for fuel equipment
case by case, depending on TAN number
27021609115142667
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31, HFO, Stationary island mode 1) 1 (1)

3700337-3.2
27021609115142667
2021-10-29 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31, HFO, Stationary island mode 1)

MAN Energy Solutions B 10 01 1
Power, outputs, speed
1689496-9.2
Engine ratings
900 rpm 1000 rpm
Engine type 900 rpm Available turning 1000 rpm Available turning
No of cylinders direction direction
kW CW 1) kW CW 1)
5L21/31 1000 Yes 1000 Yes
6L21/31 1320 Yes 1320 Yes
7L21/31 1540 Yes 1540 Yes
8L21/31 1760 Yes 1760 Yes
9L21/31 1980 Yes 1980 Yes

1)
CW clockwise
Table 1: Engine ratings for emission standard
Definition of engine ratings

General definition of diesel engine rating (acccording to ISO 15550: 2002; ISO
3046-1: 2002)
Reference conditions:
ISO 3046-1: 2002; ISO 15550: 2002
Air temperature Tr K/°C 298/25
Air pressure pr kPa 100
Relative humidity Φr % 30
Cooling water temperature upstream charge air cooler Tcr K/°C 298/25
Table 2: Standard reference conditions.

2021-10-07 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2 1 (3)
B 10 01 1 MAN Energy Solutions
1689496-9.2
Available outputs
PApplication Remarks
Available output in Fuel stop power Max. allowed speed Tropic
percentage from (Blocking) reduction at max- conditions
ISO- imum tr/tcr/pr=100 kPa
Standard-Output torque 1)
Kind of application (%) (%) (%) (°C)
Electricity generation
2)
Auxiliary engines in ships 100 110 – 45/38
Marine main engines (with mechanical or diesel electric drive)

2)
Main drive generator 100 110 – 45/38
1)
Maximum torque given by available output and nominal speed.
2)
According to DIN ISO 8528-1 overload > 100% is permissible only for a short time to compensate frequency devi-
ations. This additional engine output must not be used for the supply of electric consumers.
tr – Air temperature at compressor inlet of turbocharger.

tcr – Cooling water temperature before charge air cooler
pr – Barometric pressure.
Table 3: Available outputs / related reference conditions.
POperating: Available output under local conditions and dependent on applica-

tion.
Dependent on local conditions or special application demands, a further load
reduction of PApplication, ISO might be needed.
De-rating
1) No de-rating due to ambient conditions is needed as long as following
54043202270587403
conditions are not exceeded:
No de-rating up to stated ref- Special calculation needed
erence conditions (Tropic) if following values are ex-
ceeded
Air temperature before turbocharger Tx ≤ 318 K (45 °C) 333 K (60 °C)
Ambient pressure ≥ 100 kPa (1 bar) 90 kPa
Cooling water temperature inlet charge air cooler (LT- ≤ 311 K (38 °C) 316 K (43 °C)
stage)
2021-10-07 - en
Intake pressure before compressor ≥ -20 mbar 1) -40 mbar 1)
Exhaust gas back pressure after turbocharger ≤ 30 mbar 1) 60 mbar 1)

1)
Overpressure
Table 4: De-rating – Limits of ambient conditions.
54043202270587403
Description
2 (3) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2
2) De-rating due to ambient conditions and negative intake pressure be-
1689496-9.2
54043202270587403
fore compressor or exhaust gas back pressure after turbocharger.
a Correction factor for ambient conditions

Tx Air temperature before turbocharger [K] being considered (Tx = 273 + tx)
Increased negative intake pressure before compressor leeds to a de-rat-
U ing, calculated as increased air temperature before turbocharger
(-20mbar – pAir before compressor [mbar]) x 0.25K/mbar
with U ≥ 0
U=
Increased exhaust gas back pressure after turbocharger leads to a de-
rating, calculated as increased air temperature before turbocharger:
(PExhaust after turbine [mbar] – 30mbar) x 0.25K/mbar

O
with O ≥ 0
Cooling water temperature inlet charge air cooler (LT-stage) [K] being
considered (Tcx = 273 + tcx)
O=
Temperature in Kelvin [K]
Temperature in degree Celsius [°C]
Tcx
T
t
54043202270587403
3) De-rating due to special conditions or demands. Please contact MAN

54043202270587403
Energy Solutions, if:
▪ limits of ambient conditions mentioned in "Table 4 De-rating – Limits of
ambient conditions" are exceeded
2021-10-07 - en
▪ higher requirements for the emission level exist

▪ special requirements of the plant for heat recovery exist
▪ special requirements on media temperatures of the engine exist
▪ any requirements of MAN Energy Solutions mentioned in the Project
Guide can not be kept
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2 3 (3)
1689496-9.2
54043202270587403
2021-10-07 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2
Power take-off (PTO)
3700498-9.2
Description
The engine can be supplied with a power take-off (PTO) in several positions,
as an adapted extension to the crankshaft or alternator shaft.
The PTO is dimensioned to transmit the full engine power.
Between PTO and driven equipment there need to be selected a highly flex-
ible coupling to transmit full engine power and to accommodate and absorb
any vibrations which may be present radially and axially.
The PTO-arrangement for the driven equipment may only cause minimal axial
force to the engine crankshaft. Any temperature expansion shall be avoided.
Crankshaft deflection may cause the flexible coupling between the crankshaft
and the driven equipment to create an additional axial force, which must be
taken into consideration when the PTO-arrangement is being designed.
18014419894985995
2022-01-26 - en
NOTICE
There need to be performed a full torsional vibration analysis for en-
gine, PTO and driven equipment.
Please contact MAN Energy Solutions for support and assistance.
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (3)
3700498-9.2
Figure 1: PTO on front end - external pump
Figure 2: PTO on alternator - external pump
2022-01-26 - en
Description
Figure 3: Pump on alternator - common base frame
2 (3) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H
3700498-9.2
Figure 4: Pump on front end - common base frame
18014419894985995
2022-01-26 - en

Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H 3 (3)
3700498-9.2
18014419894985995
2022-01-26 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H
General description
3700149-2.3
General
The engine is a turbocharged, single-acting fourstroke diesel engine of the
trunk type with a cylinder bore of 210 mm and a stroke of 310 mm. The
crankshaft speed is 900 or 1000 rpm.
The engine can be delivered as an in- line engine with 5 to 9 cylinders.
For easy maintenance the cylinder unit consists of: the cylinder head, water
jacket, cylinder liner, piston and connecting rod which can be removed as
complete assemblies with possibility for maintenance by recycling. This allows
shoreside reconditioning work which normally yields a longer time between
major overhauls.
The engine is designed for an unrestricted load profile on HFO, low emission,
high reliability and simple installation.
2021-10-07 - en
General description
Figure 1: Engine frame.
Engine frame
Description
The monobloc cast iron engine frame is designed to be very rigid. All the com-
ponents of the engine frame are held under compression stress. The frame is
designed for an ideal flow of forces from the cylinder head down to the crank-
shaft and gives the outer shell low surface vibrations.
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (10)
Two camshafts are located in the engine frame. The valve camshaft is located
3700149-2.3
on the exhaust side in a very high position and the injection camshaft is loc-
ated on the service side of the engine.
The main bearings for the underslung crankshaft are carried in heavy supports
by tierods from the intermediate frame floor, and are secured with the bearing
caps. These are provided with side guides and held in place by means of
studs with hydraulically tightened nuts. The main bearing is equipped with re-
placeable shells which are fitted without scraping.
On the sides of the frame there are covers for access to the camshafts and
crankcase. Some covers are fitted with relief valves which will operate if oil va-
pours in the crankcase are ignited (for instance in the case of a hot bearing).
Base frame
The engine and alternator are mounted on a rigid base frame. The alternator is
considered as an integral part during engine design. The base frame, which is
flexibly mounted, acts as a lubricating oil reservoir for the engine.
Cylinder liner
Cylinder liner, cooling water jacket, top land ring

The cylinder liners, made of special centrifugal cast iron, are encased by a
nodular cast iron cooling water jacket in the upper section. This is centered in
the crankcase. The lower section of the cylinder liner is guided in the crank-
case. The so-called top land ring fits on the top of the cylinder liner.
The subdivision into 3 components i.e. the cylinder liner, cooling water jacket
and top land ring provides the best possible structure with reference to resist-
ance to deformation, with regard to cooling and with regard to ensuring the
minimum temperatures on certain component assemblies.
2021-10-07 - en
General description
Description
Figure 2: Cylinder liner with top land ring.
2 (10) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Interaction stepped piston/top land ring
3700149-2.3
The top land ring which projects above the cylinder liner bore works together
with the recessed piston crown of the stepped piston to ensure that burnt
carbon deposits on the piston crown do not come into contact with the run-
ning surface of the cylinder liner. This prevents bore polishing where lube oil
would not adhere properly.
Figure 3: Interaction of top land ring and stepped piston.
Cooling
The coolant reaches the cylinder liner via a line that is connected to the cool-
ing water jacket. The coolant flows through trimmed ducts in the cooling wa-
ter jacket to the cooling areas in the cylinder liner, and top land ring, and
through holes on to the cooling chambers in the cylinder heads. The cylinder
head, cooling water jacket and top land ring can be drained together.
The top land ring and cylinder head can be checked by using check holes in
the cooling water jacket for gas and coolant leaks.
Cylinder head
The cylinder head is of cast iron with an integrated charge air receiver, made
in one piece. It has a bore-cooled thick walled bottom. It has a central bore
for the fuel injection valve and 4 valve cross flow design, with high flow coeffi-
cient. Intensive water cooling of the nozzle tip area made it possible to omit
direct nozzle cooling. The valve pattern is turned about 20° to the axis and
achieves a certain intake swirl.
The cylinder head is tightened by means of 4 nuts and 4 studs which are
2021-10-07 - en
screwed into the engine frame. The nuts are tightened by means of hydraulic
General description
jacks.
The cylinder head has a screwed-on top cover. It has two basic functions: oil
sealing of the rocker chamber and covering of the complete head top face.
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 3 (10)
3700149-2.3
Figure 4: Cylinder head.
Air inlet and exhaust valves

The valve spindles are made of heat-resistant material and the spindle seats
are armoured with welded-on hard metal.
All valve spindles are fitted with valve rotators which turn the spindles each
time the valves are activated. The turning of the spindles ensures even tem-
perature levels on the valve discs and prevents deposits on the seating sur-
faces.
The cylinder head is equipped with replaceable valve seat rings. The exhaust
valve seat rings are water cooled in order to assure low valve temperatures.
Valve actuating gear

The rocker arms are actuated through rollers, roller guides and push rods.
The roller guides for inlet and exhaust valves are mounted in the water jacket
part.
Each rocker arm activates two spindles through a valve bridge with thrust
screws and adjusting screws for valve clearance.
The valve actuating gear is pressure-feed lubricated from the centralized lub-
ricating system, through the water chamber part and from there into the
rocker arm shaft to the rocker bearing.
Fuel injection system

2021-10-07 - en
The engine is provided with one fuel injection pump unit, an injection valve,
General description
and a high pressure pipe for each cylinder.

The injection pump unit is mounted on the engine frame. The pump unit con-
sists of a pump housing embracing a roller guide, a centrally placed pump
barrel and a plunger. The pump is activated by the fuel cam, and the volume
injected is controlled by turning the plunger.
Description
The fuel injection valve is located in a valve sleeve in the centre of the cylinder
head. The opening of the valve is controlled by the fuel oil pressure, and the
valve is closed by a spring.
The high pressure pipe which is led through a bore in the cylinder head is sur-
rounded by a shielding tube.
4 (10) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
The shielding tube also acts as a drain channel in order to ensure any leakage
3700149-2.3
from the fuel valve and the high pressure pipe will be drained off.
The complete injection equipment including injection pumps and high pres-
sure pipes is well enclosed behind removable covers.
Piston
The piston, which is oil-cooled and of the composite type, has a body made
of nodular cast iron and a crown made of forged deformation resistant steel. It
is fitted with 2 compression rings and 1 oil scraper ring in hardened ring
grooves.
Figure 5: Piston.
By the use of compression rings with different barrelshaped profiles and

chrome-plated running surfaces, the piston ring pack is optimized for max-
imum sealing effect and minimum wear rate.
The piston has a cooling oil space close to the piston crown and the piston
ring zone. The heat transfer, and thus the cooling effect, is based on the
shaker effect arising during the piston movement. The cooling medium is oil
from the engine's lubricating oil system.
Oil is supplied to the cooling oil space through a bore in the connecting rod.
Oil is drained from the cooling oil space through ducts situated diametrically to
the inlet channels.
The piston pin is fully floating and kept in position in the axial direction by two
circlips.
Connecting rod
The connecting rod is of the marine head type.
2021-10-07 - en
General description
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 5 (10)
3700149-2.3
Figure 6: Connecting rod.
The joint is above the connecting rod bearing. This means that the big-end
bearing need not to be opened when pulling the piston. This is of advantage
for the operational safety (no positional changes/no new adaption), and this
solution also reduces the height dimension required for piston assembly / re-
moval.
Connecting rod and bearing body consist of dieforged CrMo steel.
The material of the bearing shells are identical to those of the crankshaft bear-
ing. Thin-walled bearing shells having an AISn running layer are used.
The bearing shells are of the precision type and are therefore to be fitted
without scraping or any other kind of adaption.
The small-end bearing is of the trimetal type and is pressed into the connect-
ing rod. The bush is equipped with an inner circumferential groove, and a
pocket for distribution of oil in the bush itself and for the supply of oil to the pin
bosses.
Crankshaft and main bearings

The crankshaft, which is a one-piece forging, is suspended in underslung
bearings. The main bearings are of the trimetal type, which are coated with a
running layer. To attain a suitable bearing pressure and vibration level the
crankshaft is provided with counterweights, which are attached to the crank-
shaft by means of two hydraulic screws.
At the flywheel end the crankshaft is fitted with a gear wheel which, through
two intermediate wheels, drives the camshafts.
2021-10-07 - en
Also fitted here is a flexible disc for the connection of an alternator. At the op-
General description
posite end (front end) there is a gear wheel connection for lub. oil and water
pumps.
Lubricating oil for the main bearings is supplied through holes drilled in the en-
gine frame. From the main bearings the oil passes through bores in the crank-
shaft to the big-end bearings and then through channels in the connecting
Description
rods to lubricate the piston pins and cool the pistons.
6 (10) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
3700149-2.3
Camshaft and camshaft drive
The inlet and exhaust valves as well as the fuel pumps of the engine are actu-
ated by two camshafts.
Due to the two-camshaft design an optimal adjustment of the gas exchange
is possible without interrupting the fuel injection timing. It is also possible to
adjust the fuel injection without interrupting the gas exchange.
The two camshafts are located in the engine frame. On the exhaust side, in a
very high position, the valve camshaft is located to allow a short and stiff valve
train and to reduce moving masses.
The injection camshaft is located at the service side of the engine.
Both camshafts are designed as cylinder sections and bearing sections in
such a way that disassembly of single cylinder sections is possible through
the side openings in the crankcase.
Figure 7: Twin camshafts.

2021-10-07 - en
General description
The two camshafts and the governor are driven by the main gear train which
is located at the flywheel end of the engine. They rotate with a speed which is
half that of the crankshaft.
The camshafts are located in bearing bushes which are fitted in bores in the
engine frame; each bearing is replaceable.
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 7 (10)
3700149-2.3
Front-end box
The front-end box is fastened to the front end of the engine. It contains all
pipes for cooling water and lubricating oil systems and also components such
as pumps, filters, coolers and valves.
The components can be exchanged by means of the clip on/clip off concept
without removing any pipes. This also means that all connections for the en-
gine, such as cooling water and fuel oil, are to be connected at the front end
of the engine to ensure simple installation.
Governor
The engine speed is controlled by an electronic governor with hydraulic actu-
ators. In some cases a hydraulic governor can be used as an alternative.
Monitoring and control system

The engine is equipped with MAN Energy Solutions' own design of safety and
control system called SaCoSone. See “B 19 00 0 Safety, control and monitor-
ing system” and “B 19 00 0 Communication from the GenSet”.
Turbocharger system
The turbocharger system of the engine, which is a constant pressure system,
consists of an exhaust gas receiver, a turbocharger, a charge air cooler and a
charge air receiver.
The turbine wheel of the turbocharger is driven by the engine exhaust gas,
and the turbine wheel drives the turbocharger compressor, which is mounted
on the common shaft. The compressor draws air from the engine room
through the air filters.
The turbocharger forces the air through the charge air cooler to the charge air
receiver. From the charge air receiver the air flows to each cylinder through
the inlet valves.
The charge air cooler is a compact two-stage tubetype cooler with a large
cooling surface. The high temperature water is passed through the first stage
of the charging air cooler and the low temperature water is passed through
the second stage. At each stage of the cooler the water is passed two times
through the cooler, the end covers being designed with partitions which
cause the cooling water to turn.
From the exhaust valves, the exhaust gas is led through to the exhaust gas
2021-10-07 - en
receiver where the pulsatory pressure from the individual cylinders is equalized
General description
and passed on to the turbocharger as a constant pressure, and further to the

exhaust outlet and silencer arrangement.
The exhaust gas receiver is made of pipe sections, one for each cylinder, con-
nected to each other by means of compensators to prevent excessive stress
in the pipes due to heat expansion.
Description
To avoid excessive thermal loss and to ensure a reasonably low surface tem-
perature the exhaust gas receiver is insulated.
8 (10) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
3700149-2.3
The engine is started by means of a built-on air driven starter.
The compressed air system comprises a dirt strainer, main starting valve and
a pilot valve which also acts as an emergency valve, making it possible to
start the engine in case of a power failure.
Fuel oil system

The built-on fuel oil system consists of inlet pipes for fuel oil, mechanical fuel
pump units, high-pressure pipes as well as return pipes for fuel oil.
Fuel oil leakages are led to a leakage alarm which is heated by means of the
inlet fuel oil.

All moving parts of the engine are lubricated with oil circulating under pres-
sure.
The lubricating oil pump is of the helical gear type. A pressure control valve is
built into the system. The pressure control valve reduces the pressure before
the filter with a signal taken after the filter to ensure constant oil pressure with
dirty filters.
The pump draws the oil from the sump in the base frame, and on the pres-
sure side the oil passes through the lubricating oil cooler and the full-flow
depth filter with a nominel fineness of 15 microns. Both the oil pump, oil
cooler and the oil filter are placed in the front end box. The system can also
be equipped with a centrifugal filter.
Cooling is carried out by the low temperature cooling water system and tem-
perature regulation effected by a thermostatic 3-way valve on the oil side.
The engine is as standard equipped with an electrically driven prelubricating
pump.
Cooling water system

The cooling water system consists of a low temperature system and a high
temperature system.
Both the low and the high temperature systems are cooled by treated fresh
water.
Only a one string cooling water system to the engine is required.
2021-10-07 - en
The water in the low temperature system passes through the low temperature
General description
circulating pump which drives the water through the second stage of the
charge air cooler and then through the lubricating oil cooler before it leaves
the engine together with the high temperature water.
The high temperature cooling water system passes through the high temper-
ature circulating pump and then through the first stage of the charge air cooler
Description
before it enters the cooling water jacket and the cylinder head. Then the water
leaves the engine with the low temperature water.
Both the low and high temperature water leaves the engine through separate
three-way thermostatic valves which control the water temperature.
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 9 (10)
The low temperature system (LT) is bleeded to high temperature system (HT)
3700149-2.3
and the HT system is automatically bleeded to expansion tank.

It should be noted that there is no water in the engine frame.
Figure 8: Internal cooling water system.
Tools
The engine can be delivered with all necessary tools for the overhaul of each
specific plant. Most of the tools can be arranged on steel plate panels.
Turning
The engine is equipped with a manual turning device.
27021604473414027
2021-10-07 - en
General description
Description
10 (10) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Cross section
1683375-1.2
Cross section
2021-11-04 - en
Cross section
Description
9007215753259275
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (1)
1683375-1.2
9007215753259275
2021-11-04 - en
Cross section
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Main particulars
3700681-0.1
Main particulars
Cycle : 4-stroke
Configuration : In-line
Cyl. nos available : 5-6-7-8-9
Power range : 1000 - 1980 kW
Speed : 900 / 1000 rpm
Bore : 210 mm
Stroke : 310 mm
Stroke/bore ratio : 1.48 : 1
Piston area per cyl. : 346 cm2
swept volume per cyl. : 10.7 ltr
Compression ratio : 16.8 : 1
Compression ratio - PLO 17.0 : 1
Max. combustion pressure : 210 bar (in combustion chamber)
Turbocharging principle : Constant pressure system and intercooling
Fuel quality acceptance : HFO (up to 700 cSt/50º C, RMK700)
MDO (DMB) - MGO (DMA, DMZ)
according ISO8217-2010
Power lay-out MCR version

Speed rpm 900 1000
Mean piston speed m/sec. 9.3 10.3
Mean effective pressure

5 cyl. engine bar 24.9 22.4
6, 7, 8, 9 cyl. engine bar 27.3 24.6
Power per cylinder

5 cyl. engine kW per cyl. 200 200
6, 7, 8, 9 cyl. engine kW per cyl. 220 220
2021-10-07 - en
Firing order
Main particulars
5 cyl. engine 1 2 4 5 3
6 cyl. engine 1 2 4 6 5 3
7 cyl. engine 1 2 4 6 7 5 3
Description
8 cyl. engine 1 2 4 6 8 7 5 3
9 cyl. engine 1 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3
9007250487921163
L21/31-Mk2 1 (1)
3700681-0.1
9007250487921163
2021-10-07 - en
Main particulars
Description
L21/31-Mk2
Dimensions and weights
3700701-5.0
Dimensions
1 bearing
Cyl. no A (mm) * B (mm) * C (mm) H (mm) ** Dry weight
GenSet (t)
5 (900 rpm) 3939 1998 5537 3074 22.2
5 (1000 rpm) 3939 1960 5499 3074 22.2
6 (900 rpm) 3894 2050 5944 3161 25.7

6 (1000 rpm) 3894 1990 5884 3161 25.7
7 (900 rpm) 4249 2030 6279 3161 29.2

7 (1000 rpm) 4249 2030 6279 3161 29.2
56793179403
2 bearings
Cyl. no A (mm) * B (mm) * C (mm) H (mm) ** Dry weight
GenSet (t)
5 (900 rpm) 3539 2328 5867 3074 22.2
5 (1000 rpm) 3539 2510 6049 3074 22.2
6 (900 rpm) 3894 2628 6522 3161 25.7

6 (1000 rpm) 3894 2568 6462 3161 25.7
7 (900 rpm) 4249 2617 6866 3161 29.2

2021-12-10 - en
7 (1000 rpm) 4249 2617 6866 3161 29.2
8 (900 rpm) 4604 2617 7221 3161 32.7

8 (1000 rpm) 4633 2617 7250 3267 32.7
9 (900 rpm) 4988 2697 7685 3267 36.2

9 (1000 rpm) 4988 2617 7605 3267 36.2
Description
56793179403
L21/31-Mk2 1 (2)
P Free passage between the engines, width 600 mm and height 2000 mm.
3700701-5.0
Q Min. distance between engines: 2500 mm (without gallery) and 2700 mm (with gallery)
* Depending on alternator
** Weight included a standard alternator
All dimensions and masses are approximate, and subject to changes without prior notice.
56793179403
2021-12-10 - en
Description
2 (2) L21/31-Mk2
Centre of gravity
1687129-4.2
Description
X - mm Y - mm Z - mm
5 cyl. engine 1205 1235 0
6 cyl. engine 1470 1235 0
7 cyl. engine 1730 1235 0
8 cyl. engine 1925 1235 0
9 cyl. engine 2315 1235 0

27021604489203339
The values are expected values based on alternator, make Uljanik. If another
alternator is chosen, the values will change.
Actual values are stated on General Arrangement.
Centre of gravity is stated for dry GenSet.
27021604489203339
2021-12-10 - en
Centre of gravity
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (1)
1687129-4.2
27021604489203339
2021-12-10 - en
Centre of gravity
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Overhaul areas
1683381-0.3
Dismantling height
Figure 1: Dismantling height.
Engine type H1 (mm) H2 (mm)
Cylinder unit, complete 3705 3950
Cylinder unit, complete - tie rod removed 3493 3950
Unit dismantled - low dismantling height :
Cylinder liner, water jacket, connecting rod and piston 3100 3275
Cylinder liner, water jacket, connecting rod and piston - tie rod removed 2850 3275
H1 : For dismantling at the service side.
H2 : For dismantling passing the alternator.

(Remaining cover not removed.)
2021-12-10 - en
Dismantling space
It must be taken into consideration that there is sufficient space for pulling the
charge air cooler element, lubricating oil cooler, lubricating oil filter cartridge,
Overhaul areas
lubricating pump and water pumps.

Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (2)
1683381-0.3
Figure 2: Overhaul areas for charge air cooler element, lub. oil cooler and lub. oil filter cartridge.
27021604538793483
2021-12-10 - en
Overhaul areas
Description
2 (2) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Firing pressure comparison
3700085-5.6
Engine type Output Engine speed
kW/cyl rpm
GenSet
5 cyl 200 900/1000
6-9 cyl 220 900/1000
Propulsion
6-9 cyl 215 1000
45036008698909579

2021-09-06 - en
Description
45036008698909579
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31 1 (1)
3700085-5.6
45036008698909579
2021-09-06 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31
Engine rotation clockwise
1607566-7.3

2021-09-13 - en
36028805009705995
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L28/32DF;L28/32S-DF 1 (1)
1607566-7.3
36028805009705995
2021-09-13 - en
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L28/32DF;L28/32S-DF
Internal fuel oil system
3700162-2.2
Figure 1: Diagram for fuel oil system (for guidance only, please see the plant specific engine diagram)
Pipe description
A1 Fuel oil inlet DN20
A2 Fuel oil outlet DN20
A3A Clean leak oil to service tank DN15
A3B Waste oil outlet to sludge tank DN15

Table 1: Flange connections are as standard according to DIN 2501
General
The internal built-on fuel oil system as shown in fig. 1 consists of the following
parts:
2021-09-20 - en
▪ the running-in filter

▪ the high-pressure injection equipment
▪ the waste oil system
Running-in filter
Description
The running-in filter has a fineness of 50 microns (sphere passing mesh) and
is placed in the fuel inlet pipe. Its function is to remove impurities in the fuel
pipe between safety filter and the engine in the running-in period.
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, Drain split 1 (3)

Note: The filter must be removed before ship delivery or before handling over
3700162-2.2
to the customer.
It is adviced to install the filter every time the extern fuel pipe system has been
dismantled, but it is important to remove the filter again when the extern fuel
oil system is considered to be clean for any impurities.
Fuel oil filter duplex (Safety filter)

GenSets with conventional fuel injection system or common rail fuel systems
are equipped with a fuel oil filter duplex, with a fineness of max. 25 microns
(sphere passing mesh) The fuel oil filter duplex is with star-pleated filter ele-
ments and allows change-over during operation without pressure-loss. The fil-
ter is compact and easy to maintain, requiring only manual cleaning when
maximum allowable pressure drop is reached. When maximum pressure drop
is reached the standby filter chamber is brought on line simultaneously as the
dirty one is isolated by means of the change-over valve. After venting, the dirty
element can be removed, cleaned and refilled to be the standby filter cham-
ber.
Fuel injection equipment

Each cylinder unit has its own set of injection equipment comprising injection
pump unit, high-pressure pipe and injection valve.
The injection equipment and the distribution supply pipes are housed in a fully
enclosed compartment thus minimizing heat losses from the preheated fuel.
This arrangement reduces external surface temperatures and the risk of fire
caused by fuel leakage.
The injection pump units are with integrated roller guide directly above the
camshaft.
The fuel quantity injected into each cylinder unit is adjusted by means of the
governor, which maintains the engine speed at the preset value by a continu-
ous positioning of the fuel pump racks, via a common regulating shaft and
spring-loaded linkages for each pump.
The injection valve is for "deep" building-in to the centre of the cylinder head.
The injection oil is supplied from the injection pump to the injection valve via a
double-walled pressure pipe installed in a bore in the cylinder head.
This bore has an external connection to lead the leak oil from the injection
valve and high-pressure pipe to the waste oil system, through the double
walled pressure pipe.
A bore in the cylinder head vents the space below the bottom rubber sealing
2021-09-20 - en
ring on the injection valve, thus preventing any pressure build-up due to gas
leakage, but also unveiling any malfunction of the bottom rubber sealing ring
due to leak oil.
Waste oil system

Clean leak oil from the fuel injection valves, fuel injection pumps and high-
Description
pressure pipes, is led to the fuel leakage alarm unit, from which it is drained
into the clean leak fuel oil tank.
2 (3) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, Drain split

The leakage alarm unit consists of a box, with a float switch for level monitor-
3700162-2.2
ing. In case of a leakage, larger than normal, the float switch will initiate an
alarm. The supply fuel oil to the engine is led through the leakage alarm unit in
order to keep this heated up, thereby ensuring free drainage passage even for
high-viscous waste/leak oil.
Waste and leak oil from the hot box is drained into the sludge tank.
Clean leak fuel tank

Clean leak fuel is drained by gravity from the engine. The fuel should be col-
lected in a separate clean leak fuel tank, from where it can be pumped to the
service tank and reused without separation. The pipes from the engine to the
clean leak fuel tank should be arranged continuously sloping. The tank and
the pipes must be heated and insulated, unless the installation is designed for
operation exclusively on MDO/MGO.
The leak fuel piping should be fully closed to prevent dirt from entering the
system.
Sludge tank
In normal operation no fuel should leak out from the components of the fuel
system. In connection with maintenance, or due to unforeseen leaks, fuel or
water may spill in the hot box of the engine. The spilled liquids are collected
and drained by gravity from the engine through the dirty fuel connection.
Waste and leak oil from the hot box is drained into the sludge tank.
The tank and the pipes must be heated and insulated, unless the installation is
designed for operation exclusively on MDO/MGO.
Data
For pump capacities, see "D 10 05 0 List of capacities"
Fuel oil consumption for emissions standard is stated in "B 11 01 0 Fuel oil
consumption for emissions standard"
Set points and operating levels for temperature and pressure are stated in "B
19 00 0 operation data & set points"
36028802543769227

2021-09-20 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, Drain split 3 (3)

3700162-2.2
36028802543769227
2021-09-20 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, Drain split

Fuel application
3700692-9.0
General
In general our GenSets and Propulsion engines are developed for continuous
operation at maximum rating on MDO/MGO and HFO.
In case of low load operation it is recommended to switch the engine to MDO/
MGO; as there are no load limitations for operation on MDO/MGO.
The applied fuel must comply with the quality requirements specified in the
current edition of ISO 8217.
Marine fuels, which fully meet requirements and purchase specifications of
ISO 8217:2017, will still require treatment before they meet the requirements
for the engine.
Biofuels / non-standardized fuels

Non-standardized fuels are fuels that are not based on mineral oil or comply
with ISO 8217, and fuels that contain larger proportions of biofuel (fatty acid
methyl ester). Such biofuel components are typically produced from oil ferrous
plants or used cooking oil. Residues from biofuel production can also be in-
cluded.
Before application of biofuels / non-standard fuels please contact MAN En-
ergy Solutions in order to obtain guidelines for operation with the actual fuel.
Engine operation
Occasional changes in operation mode between the fuel types complying with
ISO 8217 are considered to be within normal operation procedures for our en-
gine types, and do thus not require special precautions.
Low viscosity fuels

In order to avoid seizure of the fuel oil injection pump components the viscos-
ity at engine fuel oil inlet must be > 2 cSt. In order achieve this it may be ne-
cessary to install a fuel oil cooler, when the engine is running on MGO. This is
to ensure correct viscosity and to avoid heating of the service tank, which is
important as the fuel oil injection pumps are cooled by the fuel.
When operating on MDO/MGO, a larger leak oil amount must be expected
from the fuel oil injection pumps and fuel oil injection valves compared to op-
eration on HFO.
2021-06-29 - en
Selection of the lubricating oil is similar to HFO. For temporary operation on

distillate fuels including low Sulphur distillates, nothing has to be considered.
Fuel application
A lubricating oil suitable for operation on diesel fuel is only to be selected if a

distillate fuel is used continuously.
53480698635
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38-Mk2;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S 1 (1)
3700692-9.0
53480698635
2021-06-29 - en
Fuel application
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38-Mk2;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S
MAN Energy Solutions 010.000.023-25
Setting the heavy fuel oil supply system
General information
The specified flow rate of fuel oil (FO) through the engines is essential for them
to function reliably. If the minimum flow is not reached for each engine, prob-
lems such as stuck fuel injection pumps may result. The reason for this is that
an inadequate flow rate deteriorates the cooling and lubrication properties of
fuel, leading to laquering and seizing during HFO operation, or seizing alone in
MDO/MGO operation.
It is important to remember that even if plant-related fuel pumps are correctly
designed as per the project guide, this does not guarantee the minimum flow
through each engine. The entire fuel oil system must be commissioned care-
fully, as even a single incorrectly adjusted valve can hinder fuel flow through
the engines. The system diagram shown should be regarded as an example
of the system setting. The relevant requirements for the engine type are set
out in the pertinent project guide.
Based on the MAN Diesel & Turbo uni-fuel system, this guideline explains how
the correct setting is performed and how each engine is supplied with its re-
quired fuel flow and pressure, as set out in the project specification for reliable
operation. This guideline can also be applied to fuel systems for GenSets
alone, without MDT two-stroke engines. It applies to MAN Diesel & Turbo
marine GenSets with a conventional injection system.
Preliminary work (precondition)

▪ The main engine is connected to the fuel system (Uni-concept fuel sys-
tem).
▪ Check whether the flow rates of the booster and supply pump corres-
pond to the specifications in the planning documentation.
▪ Attach or install an ultrasonic flowmeter (FM) which is suitable for pipe dia-
meters of DN15 and larger.

▪ The entire heavy oil supply system (HFO main system and a separate
MDO system) must be flushed according to the work instructions “Oper-
ating Fluid Systems - flushing and cleaning;” see Volume 010.005 Engine
– Work Instructions 010.000.001-01 and 000.03.
▪ After flushing, be sure to remove the run-in filters.
▪ Clean all fuel filters for GenSets and the main engine.
▪ The shut-off valve (1) via the inlet and outlet of the main engine is closed.
(It is opened only during maintenance of the main engine. Otherwise, un-
2020-05-18 - de
desired interference can occur with the internal pressure relief valve of the
main engine).
▪ If the main engine cannot be connected to the fuel oil system at this time
of commissioning, the shut-off valve (1) is open and the pressure relief
Operating Instruction
valve (2) must be set to at least 10 bar.

▪ GenSets must be connected to the main HFO fuel oil system (Check all
V1 and V2 changeover valves).
▪ The main engine and all GenSets are in standby mode (i.e. are not run-
ning).
General, D010.000.023-25-0001 1 (4)

010.000.023-25 MAN Energy Solutions
Setting procedure for the heavy oil system

To supply the main engine and all GenSets with sufficient fuel pressure and
flow, four steps have to be executed. The following drawing shows compon-
ents of the system which are set in the corresponding steps.
FM1 Flow rate of circulation pumps

FM2 Flow distribution between main engine and GenSets
FM3 Flow rate at GenSets in MDO cycle
FM4 Flow distribution between GenSets (recommendation)
FM5 Flow distribution between GenSets (recommendation)
2020-05-18 - de
Flow rate and pressure of circulating and supply pumps

Aim: To achieve the required flow rate and pressure at the outlet of circulating
and supply pumps
Procedure ▪ Check whether the opening differential pressure of the safety valves on
the circulating and supply pump is adjusted according to the pump manu-
facturer’s specifications and whether the valves remain shut during normal
operation.
▪ Set the correct pressure at fuel oil inlet of the main engine by setting the
pressure control valve (3) parallel to the supply pump (set point approx. 4
bars). This results in a counter-pressure also amounting to approx. 4 bar
in the main engine fuel outlet.
2 (4) General, D010.000.023-25-0001

▪ At “FM1,” measure whether the flow rate downstream of the booster

pump is in accordance with the planning documentation.
NOTICE Safety valves

The safety valves of the circulating and supply pump are exclusively
intended as safety devices for the pumps in which they are installed.
The safety valves of the booster and supply pump must not be used to
set the system or pump supply pressure.
Flow distribution between main engine and GenSets

Aim: To reach the required flow distribution between GenSets and main en-
gine
Applies to the Uni concept only.
Procedure ▪ Check whether the flow rate to “FM2” after splitting the FO pipeline into a
branch to the main engine and another to the GenSets reaches the min-
imum fuel flow rate for all GenSets, as stipulated in the Project Guide.
▪ An inadequate pressure loss can be caused by insufficient pipe dimen-
sioning, a long pipe length, soiled filters, clogging in the pipeline, an incor-
rectly adjusted internal overpressure valve of the main engine etc.
NOTICE FO system without an MDT main engine

When a FO system is to be set without an MDT main engine, a pres-
sure relief valve similar to the valve (2) is installed in the system to di-
vert excess fuel away when an engine is disconnected from the sys-
tem. Ensure that the valve is set to a differential pressure of at least
10 bar.
Flow distribution between GenSets

Aim: To achieve a sufficient flow for each GenSet
This step is compulsory for 32/40 engines. For the other GenSets, this step is
recommended if they still have a non-uniform flow distribution after the above
steps have been performed, and if the minimum fuel flow as specified in the
project manual cannot be achieved at all GenSets. This can occur if the pipe
diameter is too small, pipe lengths between GenSets are too long or the recir-
culation pumps are too small for the intended purpose.
Preconditions for adjust- ▪ Installation of flow balancing valves downstream of each engine.
2020-05-18 - de
ment
Procedure ▪ Flow measurement at the fuel inlet of the GenSet (preferably as far as
possible from heavy oil pumps, e.g. at “FM3”).
▪ If the flow rate at “FM3” is too high, gradually close the flow balancing
valve (4) until the required flow rate is reached.
▪ Continue with the next GenSet if the flow rate at “FM3” is too low.
▪ If the flow rate at “FM4” is too high, close the flow balancing valve (5) until
the required flow rate is reached.
▪ Continue with the next GenSet again if the flow rate at “FM4” is too low.
▪ If the flow rate at “FM5” is too high, close the flow balancing valve (6) until
the required flow rate is reached.
General, D010.000.023-25-0001 3 (4)

▪ Then, start working at “FM3” again and repeat this procedure until each
GenSet reaches its respective minimum flow rate.
▪ If the inlet pressure on a GenSet becomes too high during this procedure,
open the pressure control valve (3) until the required pressure is reached
again.
Setting procedure for the MDO fuel circuit

Aim: To achieve a sufficient flow rate for each GenSet in the MDO circuit
This circuit is intended for diesel operation.
Preconditions for adjust- ▪ Check how many GenSets the MDO pump can supply with the required
ment flow rate. Please note that an insufficient supply flow rate in the MDO cir-
cuit may result in seizures.
▪ Switch the switch-over valves “V1” and “V2” to MDO mode for the max-
imum number of GenSets to be supplied at the same time.
▪ If available, adjust the flow distribution between GenSets. (See the steps
pertaining to Flow Distribution between GenSets.)
Procedure: Pressure adjust- ▪ If the pressure at the engine inlet is too low, close the pressure relief valve
ment (7) connecting the inlet and outlet of the MDO circuit to one another until
the required pressure is reached or the inlet pressure is no longer af-
fected.
▪ If the required pressure cannot be reached by turning the pressure relief
valve (7) towards the closed position, the pressure control valve (8) at the
outlet of the MDO circuit must be closed until the required pressure is
reached.
▪ Otherwise, if the pressure at the engine inlet is too high, open the pres-
sure control valve (8) until the required pressure is reached.
Procedure: Flow setting ▪ Flow measurement at the fuel inlet of the corresponding GenSet (“FM3” to
“FM5”).
▪ If the flow rate through the engine is too low, close the pressure relief
valve (7) until the required pressure is reached.
▪ If the incoming pressure becomes too high, open the pressure control
valve (8) until the required pressure is reached again.
18014422955838987
2020-05-18 - de
4 (4) General, D010.000.023-25-0001

Fuel oil diagram
1655209-7.19
Fuel oil diagram with drain split
UNI-fuel
The fuel system is designed as a UNI-fuel system indicating that the MAN ES
2-stroke propulsion and the GenSets are running on the same fuel oil and are
supplied from a common fuel system.
2021-09-22 - en
The UNI-fuel concept is a unique possibility for substantial savings in operat-

ing costs. It is also the simplest fuel system, resulting in lower maintenance
and easier operation. The diagram is only for guidance. It has to be adapted in
each case to the actual engine and pipe layout.
Fuel oil diagram
Tank design
Description
There need to be a separate tank for all fuels available high-sulphur HFO, low-
sulphur LSHFO, Distillate, etc.
In all fluids a natural settling of particles, takes place. This results in a higher
concentration of particles in the bottom of the tanks. Due to this phenomenon
it is important that the various fuel tanks are designed and operated correctly.
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (6)
Tanks must be designed with a sloped bottom toward drainage outlet for
1655209-7.19
easy collection of the settled particles. There must be drain valves in each
tank for removing water and particles. Appropriate access should be provided
for personnel to enable tank maintenance operations to be conducted safely.
The overflow pipe in the service tank must go to the bottom of the service
tank to enable re-circulation; thus contributing to leading the highest particle
concentration back to the settling tank. Overflow as a simple hole from tank to
tank is not permitted.
Cat fines have a higher density than fuel oil and they tend to settle in the bot-
tom of the service tanks. They might enter the engines in periodically high
concentrations during rolling and pitching of the vessel in rough weather.
Such a phenomenon can result in heavily cat fines attacks and engine dam-
age.
Tank material and/or surface treatment have to be selected that it not will
contaminate or change properties of fuel.
Fuel supply system

2021-09-22 - en
The common fuel supply system is a low pressurized system, consisting of

“DIESELswitch”, HFO supply pumps with pressure control valves, venting
tank and de-aerating valve.
Fuel oil diagram
Pump capacity is minimum fuel consumption for all engines in system running
100% load. See “List of capacities” for each engine types.
The fuel oil is led from one of the service tanks to one of the electrically driven
Description
supply pumps (with redundancy). It delivers the fuel oil with an adjusted pres-
sure of approximately 4 bar to the fuel circulation system.
The venting pipe is connected to the service tank via an automatic de-aeration
valve that will release any gases present.
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
2 (6) Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H
1655209-7.19
Fuel circulation system
From the low-pressure supply fuel system the fuel oil is poured with return fuel
from engines and led to one of the electrically driven circulating pumps (with
redundancy), through preheater, diesel cooler, and equipment for controlling
the viscosity, (e.g. “Viscorator”).
Pump capacity is minimum 3 times fuel consumption for all engines in system
running 100% load. See “List of capacities” for each engine types.
The circulating pumps will always be running; even if the propulsion engine
and one or several of the GenSets are stopped. Circulation of heated heavy
fuel oil through the fuel system on all the engine(s) keep them ready to start
with preheated fuel injection pumps.
The surplus amount of fuel oil is re-circulated in the engine and back through
the venting pipe. To have a constant fuel pressure to the fuel injection pumps
during all engine loads a spring-loaded pressure relief valve is installed intern-
ally in the MAN ES 2-stroke propulsion fuel oil system.
Fuel circulation pressure has to be 8-9 bar at MAN ES 2-stroke propulsion
fuel oil inlet. Back-pressure in the circulation-system is approximately 4 bar
(from supply system).
Fuel oil pressure for GenSet must be minimum 8 bars and can be up to 16
bar. It is therefore recommended to distribute fuel to GenSet(s) before main
engine.
External relieve valve needs to be adjusted minimum 10 bar to avoid interfer-
ence with internal valve. External relief valve can also be closed during normal
operation and only opened when dismantling fuel oil system on MAN ES 2-
stroke propulsion.
For UNI-fuel system without MAN ES 2-stroke propulsion it can be needed to
use external pressure relief valve for adjusting the surplus amount of fuel.
Fuel preheater and diesel cooler should safely manage to control temperature.
Clogging point, cloud and pour point of the bunkered fuel need to be con-
sidered in every operating areas and ambient temperatures.
Depending on system layout, viscosity, and volume in the external fuel oil sys-
tem, unforeseen pressure fluctuations can be observed. In such cases it could
be necessary to add pressure dampers to the fuel oil system. For further as-
sistance, please contact MAN Energy Solutions.
Adjustment of fuel oil system

Please see detailed guideline for adequate adjustment and control of circulat-
2021-09-22 - en
ing fuel system. See "Setting the heavy fuel oil supply system"
010.000.023-25
In short terms are here the four steps that have to be performed:
Fuel oil diagram
1. Flow and pressure head of supply and circulation pumps

2. Flow distribution between main engine and GenSets
3. Flow distribution between GenSets (recommendation)
Description
4. Adjustment of distillate circuit
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H 3 (6)
Ad 3) Recommendation regarding flow balancing valves. In a UNI-fuel system

1655209-7.19
with MAN ES 2-stroke propulsion and with large fuel flow in the system will
the internal mounted fuel oil restrictions in GenSet be sufficient for controlling
fuel flow over the GenSet.
If fuel system is separated and/or in systems with smaller main engine the
above mentioned guideline can reveal insufficient fuel flow over the GenSet or
uneven distribution between GenSet. Then it can be necessary to remove in-
ternal restrictions and mount external flow balancing valves to insure correct
fuel flow for all GenSets.
Fuel filtration and cleaning

Fuel oil bunkers should always be considered as contaminated upon delivery
and should therefore be thoroughly cleaned to remove solids as well as liquid
contaminants before use. The solid contaminants in the fuel oil are mainly
rust, sand, dust and refinery catalysts (cat fines). Liquid contaminants are
mainly water, i.e. either fresh water or salt water. Impurities in the fuel can
cause damage to the engine.
To protect against impurities in the fuel the most efficient filter setup is experi-
enced to be following:
▪ Fuel oil separator between settling and service tank.
▪ Common automatic back-flush filter installed in the circulation line.
▪ Fuel oil filter duplex (safety filter) on each GenSet.
The fuel oil separator should be installed and constantly circulating the fuel
between settling tank and service tank. Separator must not be selected too
small for the purpose. It is recommended to be approximately 4 times bigger
than the requested capacity flow of the supply system to have optimum
cleaning efficiency. Correct viscosity/temperature is also important for effi-
ciency of separator.
The automatic back-flush filter with a change-over cock and bypass simplex
filter and with integrated heating chamber has a mesh size of 10 microns (ab-
solute/sphere passing mesh). The automatic back-flush filter permits a con-
tinuous operation even during back-flushing without any pressure drops or in-
terruptions of flow. If the filter inserts are clogged, an automatic cleaning is
started. The filter is equipped with a visual differential pressure indication and
two differential pressure contacts to monitor the clogging of the filter. Back-
flushing medium is discharged discontinuously to a sludge tank or back to the
settling tank.
Automatic back-flush filter will also extend the cleaning intervals considerably
of the filter elements in the fuel oil filter duplex (safety filter).
2021-09-22 - en
GenSets are equipped with a fuel oil filter duplex (safety filter) with a fineness
of maximum 25 microns (absolute/sphere passing mesh). The filter is with
star-pleated filter elements and allows change-over during operation without
Fuel oil diagram
pressure loss. The filter is compact and easy to maintain, requiring only
manual cleaning when maximum allowable pressure drop is reached. The filter
is equipped with a visual differential pressure indication and two differential
pressure contacts to monitor the clogging of the filter. When maximum pres-
Description
sure drop is reached, the standby filter chamber is brought on line simultan-
eously as the dirty one is isolated by means of the change-over valve. After
venting, the dirty element can be removed, cleaned and refilled to be the
standby filter chamber.
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
4 (6) Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H
Former solution to protect both the propulsion engine and the GenSets with
1655209-7.19
an automatic back-flush filter in the feeder circle is still valid.
NOTICE
A filter surface load of 1 l/cm2 per hour must not be exceeded !
Operation on distillate
The distillate to the GenSets is recommended to be supplied by a separate
pipeline from the service tank through a distillate booster pump. The capacity
of the distillate booster pump must be minimum three times higher the
amount of distillate consumed by the diesel engines at 100% load. See list of
capacities for each engine type.
The system is designed in such a way that the fuel type for the GenSets can
be changed independently of the fuel supply to the propulsion engine. As an
option the GenSet plant can be delivered with the fuel changing system con-
sisting of a set of remotely controlled, pneumatically actuated 3-way fuel
changing valves “V1-V2” for each GenSet and a fuel changing valve control
box common for all GenSets.
A separate fuel changing system for each GenSet gives the advantage of indi-
vidually choosing distillate or HFO mode. Such a changeover may be neces-
sary if the GenSets have to be:
▪ Entering SECA area
▪ Stopped for a prolonged period
▪ Stopped for major repair of the fuel system, etc.
▪ In case of a blackout / emergency start.
With the introduction of stricter fuel sulphur content regulations the propulsion
engine as well as the GenSets increasingly have to be operated on distillate
fuels, i.e. marine gas oil (MGO) and marine diesel oil (MDO). To maintain the
required viscosity at the engine inlet, it is necessary to install a cooler in the
fuel system. The lowest viscosity suitable for the main engine and the
GenSets is 2 cSt at engine inlet.
Vessel that constantly will enter/exit SECA area, and has multiple GenSet in-
stallation, it is recommended not to change between fuels, but to select some
GenSet for HFO and some GenSet for distillate fuels. The change-over pro-
cedure will then be starting/stopping GenSet and not changing between fuels.
Distillate pump capacity need to be minimum for one GenSet (see desription
2021-09-22 - en
D 10 05 0 "List of capacities"). If 2 or more GenSets need to run distillate (ie.

entering SECA) then distillate pump capacities must be adjusted accordingly.
Fuel oil diagram
If the fuel type for complete system both the propulsion engine and GenSets
have to be changed from HFO to MDO/MGO/Distillate and vice versa, the 3-
way valve (“DIESELswitch”) just after the service tanks has to be activated.
The change-over between HFO and MDO/MGO/Distillate needs to be done
Description
very thoroughly with high attention to temperature/viscosity. Incorrect hand-

ling can damage the engine.
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H 5 (6)
An MDO separator must be installed upstream of the MDO service tank. Sep-
1655209-7.19
aration temperature must be in the range 40 – 50°C. Most solid particles

(sand, rust and catalyst particles) and water can be removed, and the clean-
ing intervals of the filter elements can be extended considerably.
It is possible, however not our standard/recommendation, to install a common
MGO/MDO back-flush filter for all GenSet.
Emergency start
MGO/MDO must be available in emergency situations. If a blackout occurs,
the GenSets can be started up on MGO/MDO in three ways:
1. Pneumatic driven MGO/MDO circulation pump with air supply from start-
ing air bottles. Air consumption of the pump must be included in calcula-
tion of starting air consumption and sizes of starting air bottles according
to classification rules in this regard.
2. Electrical driven MGO/MDO circulation pump connected to the emer-
gency switchboard.
3. MGO gravity tank (100 - 200 litres) can be arranged above the GenSet.
With no pumps available, it is possible to start up the GenSet if a gravity
tank can be installed minimum 8 metres directly above the GenSet. How-
ever, only if the connection to the GenSet is as directly as possible,
meaning change-over valve “V1-V2” should be placed as near as pos-
sible to the GenSet.
Sampling points
Points for taking fuel oil samples are recommended in following locations:
1. After the fuel oil service tank. Before any fuel change-over valve.
2. Before and after any fuel filters and/or separator to verify the filter effect-
iveness
3. Before each engine fuel inlet pipe.
Sampling points should be provided at locations within the fuel system that
enable samples of fuel to be taken in a safe manner.
Position of a sampling point should be placed such that the fuel sample is
representative of the oil fuel quality passing that location within the system.
The sampling points should be located in positions away from any heated sur-
face or electrical equipment.
45036001716170123
2021-09-22 - en
Fuel oil diagram
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
6 (6) Mk3;L27/38;L28/32H
Residual fuel (HFO) specification
Prerequisites
Four-stroke diesel engines from can be powered with any residual fuel re-
covered from crude oil that fulfils the requirements specified in the table Prop-
erties of residual fuel, provided that the engine and the fuel management sys-
tem are designed accordingly. In order to ensure a favourable ratio between
fuel costs, spare parts and also repair and maintenance expenditure, we re-
commend observing the following points.
Residual fuel (HFO)

Origin/refinery process The quality of the residual fuel depends to a large extent on the quality of the
crude oil and the refining process used. For this reason, residual fuels of the
same viscosity can have significantly different properties depending on the
bunker spaces. Residual fuel is usually a blend of residual oil and distillates.
The blend components generally originate from modern refining processes,
such as CatCracker or Visbreaker. These processes can have an adverse af-
fect on the stability of the fuel and on the ignition and combustion properties.
These factors also have a considerable effect on the preparation of the resid-
ual fuel and the operating results of the engine.
The responsibility for selecting suitable residual fuels lies with the engine oper-
ator.
Specifications Fuels that can be used in an engine must satisfy the specifications to ensure
adequate quality. The limit values for residual fuels are specified in the table
Specifications for residual fuel. The entries in the last column of this table con-
tain important background information and must therefore be observed.
The relevant international specification is ISO 8217 in the respectively applic-
able version. The fuel may only be used if it fully complies with the standard.
All qualities in these specifications up to K700 can be used, provided the fuel
management system has been designed for these fuels. To use fuels that do
not comply with these specifications (e.g. crude oil), consultation with the
technical service from Augsburg is required. Residual fuels with a maximum
density of 1,010 kg/m3 may only be used if up-to-date separators are in- Residual fuel (HFO) specification
stalled.
Important Even if they fulfil the aforementioned specifications, the fuel properties spe-
cified in the table Specifications for residual fuel may possibly not be adequate
to determine the ignition and combustion properties and also the stability of
the fuel. This means that the operating behaviour of the engine can depend
2021-11-17 - de
on properties that are not defined in the specification. This particularly applies
to the oil property that causes formation of deposits in the combustion cham-
ber, injection system, gas ducts and exhaust system. A number of fuels have
a tendency towards incompatibility with lubricating oil which leads to deposits
being formed in the fuel injection pump that can cause a blockage of the
pumps. It may therefore be necessary to exclude specific fuels that could
cause problems.
Blends The addition of engine oils (old lubricating oil, ULO – used lubricating oil) and
additives that are not manufactured from mineral oils, (coal-tar oil, for ex-
ample), and residual products of chemical or other processes such as
solvents (polymers or chemical waste) is not permitted. Some of the reasons
for this are as follows: abrasive and corrosive effects, unfavourable combus-
General, D010.000.023-05-0001 1 (8)

tion characteristics, poor compatibility with mineral oils and, last but not least,
adverse effects on the environment. The order for the fuel must expressly
state what is not permitted as the fuel specifications that generally apply do
not include this limitation.
If engine oils (old lubricating oil, ULO – used lubricating oil) are added to fuel,
this poses a particular danger as the additives in the lubricating oil act as
emulsifiers that cause dirt, water and catfines to be transported as fine sus-
pension. They therefore prevent the necessary cleaning of the fuel. In our ex-
perience (and this has also been the experience of other manufacturers), this
can severely damage the engine and turbocharger components.
The addition of chemical waste products (solvents, for example) to the fuel is
prohibited for environmental protection reasons according to the resolution of
the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee passed on 1st January
1992.
Leak oil collector Leak oil collectors that act as receptacles for leak oil, and also return and
overflow pipes in the lube oil system, must not be connected to the fuel tank.
Leak oil lines should be emptied into sludge tanks.
Property Unit Threshold value1) Standard2)
Viscosity (at 50°C)3) mm2/s (cSt) max. 700 ISO 3104, ASTM D7042;
ASTM D445, DIN EN 16896
Viscosity (at 100°C)3) mm2/s (cSt) max. 55
Density (at 15°C) kg/m3 max. 1010 ISO 3675, ISO 12185,

DIN 51757
Flash point4) °C min. 60 ISO 2719

5)
Pour point °C max. 30 ISO 3016
Acid number mg KOH/g max. 2.5 ASTM D664

6)
Aluminium and silicon mg/kg Max. 15 IP 501, IP 470, ISO 10478
Total sediment (aged) %(m/m) max. 0.10 ISO 10307-2
Carbon residue (Conrad- %(m/m) max. 20 DIN EN ISO 10370

son)
Sulphur %(m/m) Max. 5.07) ISO 8754, ISO 14596

Ash %(m/m) max. 0.15 ISO 6245
Vanadium mg/kg max. 450 IP 501, IP 470, ISO 14597,

DIN 51790-4
Water % (v/v) Max. 0.208) DIN 51777; ASTM D6304

2021-11-17 - de
CCAI 870 ISO 8217
Asphalt content %(m/m) Max. 2/3 of the carbon residue factory standard, DIN 51595
(Conradson)
Sodium mg/kg Max. Na < 1/3 V, Na < 100 IP 501, IP 470, DIN 51399-1
Waste oil9) mg/kg Max. Ca < 30 and Zn < 15 or IP 501, IP 470, IP 500,
Ca < 30 and P < 15 DIN 51399-1
Hydrogen sulphide mg/kg max. 2 IP 570
2 (8) General, D010.000.023-05-0001


1)
Requirement at engine inlet: additional parameters defined for ISO 8217. The entire document ISO 8217 in its cur-
rent version is mandatory. The fuel mixture at the engine inlet must be homogeneous. The fuel mixture is homogen-
eous if the p value according to ASTM D7060 is at least 1.20. Other processes (e.g. ASTM D7112 or ASTM D7157)
can also be used to check the homogeneity of the fuel mixture. Furthermore, the fuel must be fit for use and must not
contain substances in a concentration that contributes to further contamination of the air and/or may impair the
safety of personnel or the performance of the machine.
2)
Always reference to the latest edition.
3)
Specific requirements of the injection system must be taken into account.
4)
SOLAS provision: A lower flash point is possible for non-SOLAS-regulated applications.
5)
The pour point must be selected by the operating company in accordance with the design of the fuel system and
based on the requirements at the place of installation.
6)
The bunker product (before cleaning) may contain max. 60 mg/kg Al and Si.
7)
Independent of the maximum permissible sulphur content, local laws and regulations must be adhered to.
8)
The bunker product (before cleaning) may contain max. 0.50% water.
9)
The fuel must be generally free of waste oil. If the threshold values are exceeded, the waste oil will be contamin-
ated.
Table 1: Properties for residual fuel
Please submit enquiries to for all fuels which do not meet the abovementioned
standards.
Additional information
The following information will clarify the correlation between the quality of the
residual fuel, fuel preparation, engine operation and the operating results.
Viscosity/injection viscosity Residual fuels with higher viscosity can be of lower quality. The maximum per-
missible viscosity depends on the available pre-heating equipment and the
capacity (flow rate) of the separator.
The prescribed injection viscosity of 12–14 mm2/s (for GenSets, L16/24,
L21/31, L23/30H, L27/38, L28/32H: 12–18 cSt) and the corresponding fuel
temperature upstream of the engine must be complied with. Only in this way Residual fuel (HFO) specification
can a suitable atomisation and mixture formation be ensured and therefore
low-residue combustion. This also prevents mechanical overload of the injec-
tion system at the same time. The prescribed injection viscosity and/or the re-
quired fuel oil temperature upstream of the motor can be found in the viscos-
ity temperature diagram.
2021-11-17 - de
Residual fuel preparation Fault-free engine operation depends to a considerable extent on the care with
which the residual fuel was prepared. Particular attention should be paid to
ensuring that inorganic foreign matter with a strongly abrasive effect (catalyst
particles, rust, sand) are effectively separated. It has been shown in practice
that wear as a result of abrasion in the engine increases considerably if the
aluminium and silicon content is higher than 15 mg/kg.
Viscosity and density have an influence on the cleaning effect. This must be
taken into account when designing and installing the cleaning system.
General, D010.000.023-05-0001 3 (8)

Vanadium/Sodium If the vanadium/sodium ratio is unfavourable, the melting point of the ash may
fall in the operating area of the exhaust valve which can lead to high-temper-
ature corrosion. Most of the water and water-soluble sodium compounds it
contains can be removed by pre-treating the residual fuel in the settling tank
and in the separators.
The risk of high-temperature corrosion is low if the sodium content is one third
of the vanadium content or less. It must also be ensured that sodium does
not enter the engine in the form of seawater in the intake air.
If the sodium content is higher than 100 mg/kg, this is likely to result in a
higher quantity of salt deposits in the combustion chamber and exhaust-gas
system. This will impair the function of the engine (including the suction func-
tion of the turbocharger).
Under certain conditions, high-temperature corrosion can be prevented using
a fuel additive that increases the melting point of residual fuel ash (see also
Additives for residual fuel oils).
Ash Fuel ash consists for the greater part of vanadium oxide and nickel sulphate
(see above chapter for more information). Residual fuels containing a high
proportion of ash in the form of foreign matter, e.g. sand, corrosion com-
pounds and catalyst particles, accelerate the mechanical wear in the engine.
Catalyst particles produced as a result of the catalytic cracking process may
be present in the residual fuels. In most cases, these catalyst particles are alu-
minium silicates causing a high degree of wear in the injection system and the
engine.
Flash point (ASTM D 93) National and international transportation and storage regulations governing
the use of fuels must be complied with in relation to the flash point. In general,
a flash point of above 60 °C is prescribed for diesel engine fuels.
Low-temperature behaviour The pour point is the temperature at which the fuel can no longer flow (but
(ASTM D 97) can be pumped). Since many residual fuels with low viscosity have a pour
point above 0°C, the bunker facility must also be pre-heated unless fuel in ac-
cordance with RMA or RMB is used. The entire fuel system must be designed
in such a way that the residual fuel can be pre-heated to around 10°C above
the pour point.
Pump characteristics If the viscosity of the fuel is higher than 1000 mm2/s (cSt), or the temperature
is not at least 10 °C above the pour point, pump problems will occur. For
more information, also refer to paragraph Low-temperature behaviour (ASTM
D 97.
Combustion properties If the proportion of asphalt is more than two thirds of the coke residue (Con-
radson), combustion may be delayed which in turn may increase the forma-
tion of combustion residues, leading to such as deposits on and in the injec-
tion nozzles, large amounts of smoke, low output, increased fuel consumption
2021-11-17 - de
and a rapid rise in ignition pressure as well as combustion close to the cylin-
der wall (thermal overloading of lubricating oil film). If the ratio of asphalt to
coke residues reaches the limit 0.66, and if the asphalt content exceeds 8%,
the risk of deposits forming in the combustion chamber and injection system
is higher. These problems can also occur when using unstable residual fuels,
or if incompatible residual fuels are blended. This would lead to an increased
separation of asphalt (see section Compatibility).
Ignition quality Nowadays, to achieve the prescribed reference viscosity, cracking-process
products are used as the low viscosity ingredients of residual fuels although
the ignition characteristics of these may also be poor. The cetane number of
these compounds should be > 35. If the proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons
is high (more than 35%), this also adversely affects the ignition quality.
4 (8) General, D010.000.023-05-0001

The ignition delay in residual fuels with poor ignition characteristics is longer;
the combustion is also delayed which can lead to thermal overloading of the
oil film at the cylinder liner and also high cylinder pressures. The ignition delay
and accompanying increase in pressure in the cylinder are also influenced by
the end temperature and compression pressure, i.e. by the compression ratio,
the charge-air pressure and charge-air temperature.
The disadvantages of using fuels with poor ignition characteristics can be lim-
ited by pre-heating the charge air in partial load operation and reducing the
output for a limited period. However, a more effective solution is a high com-
pression ratio and operational adjustment of the injection system to the igni-
tion characteristics of the fuel used, as is the case with piston engines from .
The ignition quality is one of the most important properties of the fuel. This
value appears as CCAI in ISO 8217. This method is only applicable to ‘straight
run’ residual oils. The increasing complexity of refinery processes has the ef-
fect that the CCAI method does not correctly reflect the ignition behaviour for
all residual oils.
A testing instrument has been developed based on the constant volume com-
bustion method (Fuel Combustion Analyser FCA), which is used in some fuel
testing laboratories (FCA) in conformity with IP 541.
The instrument measures the ignition delay to determine the ignition quality of
a fuel and this measurement is converted into an instrument-specific cetane
number (ECN: Estimated Cetane Number). It has been determined that resid-
ual fuels with a low ECN number cause operating problems and may even
lead to damage to the engine. An ECN > 20 can be considered acceptable.
As the liquid components of the residual fuel have a decisive influence on the
ignition quality, and flow properties determine the combustion quality, the sys-
tem operator is responsible for obtaining a fuel that is suitable for the diesel
engine. Also see illustration entitled Nomogram for determining the CCAI – as-
signing the CCAI ranges to engine types.

2021-11-17 - de
General, D010.000.023-05-0001 5 (8)

V Viscosity in mm2/s (cSt) A Normal operating condi-

at 50°C tions
D Density [in kg/m3] at B The ignition characterist-
15°C ics can be poor and re-
quire an adjustment to
the engine or the operat-
ing conditions.
CCAI Calculated Carbon Aro- C Any problems identified

maticity Index can even lead to engine
damage after a short op-
erating period.
1 Engine type 2 The CCAI is calculated
from the density and vis-
2021-11-17 - de
cosity of the residual

fuels.
The CCAI can be calculated with the help of the following formula:
CCAI = D – 141 log log (V+0.85) – 81

Figure 1: Nomogram for determining the CCAI and assigning the CCAI ranges
to engine types
6 (8) General, D010.000.023-05-0001

Sulphuric acid corrosion The engine should be operated at the coolant temperatures prescribed in the
operating handbook for the relevant load. If the temperature of the compon-
ents that are exposed to acidic combustion products is below the acid dew
point, acid corrosion can no longer be effectively prevented, even if alkaline
lube oil is used.
If the lubrication oil quality and the engine cooling system fulfil the specified re-
quirements, the BN values stated in section 010.005 Engine – Operating In-
structions 010.000.023-11 are sufficient.
Stability The fuel must be a homogeneous mixture when entering the engine. Precipit-
ation of any fuel components is not permissible! Experience has shown that
stability decreases with continued storage and the given conditions. It is
hence of great interest to the operator that the fuel has the maximum possible
stability reserve so that it can provide a homogeneous fuel mixture at all times
when entering the engine (see table Properties for residual fuel).
Compatibility The supplier must guarantee that the residual fuel is homogeneous and re-
mains stable even after the usual storage time. If different bunker oils are
mixed, this may lead to separation that is connected with sludge build-up in
the fuel system and where large quantities of sludge can be deposited in the
separator, clog up the filter, prevent atomisation and lead to residue-rich com-
bustion.
Cases like this can be traced back to incompatibility or instability. The fuel
storage tanks should therefore be drained as much as possible before they
can be bunkered again, in order to avoid incompatibilities.
Blending residual fuels If residual fuel for the main engine is blended with distillate fuel (e.g. DMA) or
other residual fuels, to obtain the required quality, it is essential that the com-
ponents are compatible (see section Compatibility). The compatibility of the
resulting mixture must be tested over the entire mixing range. Reduced long-
term stability due to consumption of the stability reserve can be a result. If a
mixture of different fuels is planned or unavoidable, the stability reserve of the
fuel must be sufficient to ensure that inhomogeneous fuels are not produced
when blending.
Additives for residual fuels - Engines can also be economically operated without additives. It is up to the
customer to decide whether or not the use of additives is beneficial. The sup-
plier of the additive must guarantee that the engine operation will not be im-
paired by using the product.
As a rule, the use of fuel additives during the warranty period must be
avoided.
Residual fuels with low sul- From the perspective of an engine manufacturer, there is no lower threshold
phur content for the sulphur content of residual fuels. We have not identified any issues that
can be traced to the sulphur content with the low-sulphur residual fuels that
2021-11-17 - de
are currently commercially available.

If the engine is not constantly operated with low-sulphur residual fuel, the lub-
ricating oil must be selected accordingly for the highest sulphur content of the
utilised fuels.
WARNING Handling of operating fluids

Handling of operating fluids can cause serious injury and damage to
the environment.
• Observe safety data sheets of the operating fluid supplier.
General, D010.000.023-05-0001 7 (8)

Tests
Analysis of samples To ensure sufficient cleaning of the fuel via the separator, perform regular
functional check by sampling up- and downstream of the separator.
Analysis of residual fuel samples is essential for safe engine operation. We can
analyse fuel for customers at the laboratory PrimeServLab.
To ensure the safety of the team and to obtain a representative sample,
sampling should be carried out as per Work Card M10.000.002-07.
234187182381926283
2021-11-17 - de
8 (8) General, D010.000.023-05-0001

Marine diesel oil (DMB, DFB) specifications
General information
Marine diesel oil as a heavy distillate is available for marine applications only.
Alternative designation: marine diesel fuel oil (MDO). It is made from crude oil
and may consist of synthetic components (e.g. BtL, CtL, GtL and HVO). The
fuel is treated the same as residual fuel in the supply chain. This means that it
is possible for the fuel to be blended with high-viscosity residual fuel residue,
e.g. in a bunker vessel, and it might therefore contain residue from crude oil
processing. This can affect the properties of the fuel.
Selection of suitable diesel fuel

Unsuitable or adulterated fuel generally results in a shortening of the service
life of engine parts/components, damage to these and to catastrophic engine
failure. It is therefore important to select the fuel with care in terms of its suit-
ability for the engine and the intended application. Through its combustion,
the fuel influences the emissions behaviour of the engine.
Specifications and approvals

The fuel quality varies regionally and is dependent on climatic conditions. All
requirements specified in the current edition of ISO 8217 apply.
The following values must be maintained at the engine inlet:
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C3) mm2/s Max. 11.0 ISO 3104, ASTM D7042, ASTM D445,
Min. 2.000 DIN EN 16896

Density at 15°C kg/m3 Max. 900.0 ISO 3675, ISO 12185
Min. 820.0
Cetane index & cetane number Min. 35 ISO 4264 & ISO 5165
Sulphur content4) % (m/m) Max. 1.50 ISO 8754, ISO 14596, ASTM D 4294,
DIN 51400-10
Flash point5) °C Min. 60.0 ISO 2719
Hydrogen sulphide mg/kg Max. 2.0 IP 570
Acid number mg KOH/g Max. 0.5 ASTM D664

2021-04-16 - de
Corrosion on copper Class Max. 1 ISO 2160

6) 3
Oxidation stability g/m Max. 25 ISO 12205, EN 15751
h Min. 20
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) % (V/V) Max. 7.0 ASTM D7963, IP 579, EN 14078
content7)
Carbon residue % (m/m) Max. 0.30 ISO 10370
Appearance8) – – Free from con- visually

tamination
General, D010.000.023-04-0001 1 (3)


Water content % (m/m) Max. 0.02 DIN 51777, DIN EN 12937,
ASTM D6304
Ash content % (m/m) Max. 0.010 ISO 6245
Lubricity9) μm Max. 520 ISO 12156-1, ASTM D6079

Table 1: Requirements for diesel fuel
Remarks:
1)
The fuel must be suitable for the intended application. It must not contain any substance in a concentration that
causes additional air pollution, is harmful for personnel, jeopardises ship safety and/or has an adverse effect on ma-
chine performance. The fuel must be free from non-ferrous metals according to DIN EN 16476. The fuel must not
contain any waste.oil.
2)
Always in relation to the currently applicable edition.
3)
4)
5)
SOLAS specification. A lower flash point is possible for non-SOLAS-regulated applications.
6)
If there is more than 2% (V/V) FAME, an analysis as per EN15751 must additionally be performed
7)
The FAME must either be in accordance with EN 14214 or with ASTM D6751.
8)
Only possible with clear samples. If the sample is not clear or contains visible contamination, the check must be
completed mandatorily for the entire sediment.
9)
Diameter of the corrected wear scar (WSD).
The following fuels are approved for use:

▪ Class ISO F-DMB according to ISO 8217 in the current edition.
▪ Class ISO F-DFB as per ISO 8217 in the current edition with additional re-
quirements regarding oxidation stability.
standards.
Viscosity
In order to ensure sufficient lubrication, a minimum level of viscosity must be
ensured at the fuel injection pump. The specified maximum temperature re-
quired to maintain a viscosity of more than 1.9 mm2/s upstream of the fuel in-
jection pump depends on the fuel viscosity. The temperature of the fuel up-
stream of the fuel injection pump must not exceed 45 °C in any case. The lub-
2021-04-16 - de
ricity requirements of the fuel upstream of the engine is a maximum of 520 µm

WSD in each case.
Cold suitability
The cold suitability of the fuel is determined by the climatic requirements at
the place of installation. It is the responsibility of the operating company to
choose a fuel with sufficient cold suitability.
The cold suitability of a fuel may be determined and assessed using the fol-
lowing standards:
▪ Limit of filterability (CFPP) as per EN 116
2 (3) General, D010.000.023-04-0001

▪ Pour point as per ISO 3016

▪ Cloud point as per EN 23015
To be able to draw a reliable conclusion, it is recommended to perform all
three stated procedures.
Contamination
We recommend installing a separator upstream of the fuel filter. Separation
temperature 40–50°C. Most solid particles (sand, corrosion and catalytic con-
verter fragments) and water can thus be removed and the cleaning intervals
for the filter elements can be significantly extended.
Bio-fuel admixture
The DFB fuel can contain up to 7.0% of bio-fuel based on fatty acid methyl
ester (FAME). The FAME to be added must comply with either EN 14214 or
ASTM D6751. Compared to fuels on mineral oil basis only, fuels containing
FAME have an increased tendency to oxidise and age and are more vulner-
able to microbiological contamination. Furthermore, the fuel may contain an
increased quantity of water. This why it is necessary to check the ageing sta-
bility at regular intervals when using this type of fuel. In addition, it is important
to regularly check the water content of the fuel.
To minimise microbiological contamination, the tanks must be drained on a
regular basis. During downtimes this is required daily, otherwise weekly.
When first using fuels containing bio-diesel, deposits that have accumulated
over a longer period of time may become detached. These deposits can
block filters or even cause immediate damage.
Using bio-diesel blends in emergency power generators should be avoided.
Bio-diesel fuel should be stored in separate reservoirs. Storing fuel containing
bio-diesel for more than 6 months is generally not recommended. is not liable

for damage and any possible consequences resulting from the use of fuel
containing bio-diesel.
Analyses
Analysis of fuel oil samples is very important for safe engine operation. We can
analyse fuel for customers at laboratory PrimeServLab.
180143986853406091
2021-04-16 - de
General, D010.000.023-04-0001 3 (3)

180143986853406091
010.000.023-04
General, D010.000.023-04-0001
2021-04-16 - de
Diesel fuel (DMA, DFA) specifications
General information
Diesel fuel is a middle distillate refined from crude oil. It is also referred to as
gas oil, marine gas oil (MGO) and diesel oil. It must not contain any residue
from crude oil refining. The fuel may consist of synthetic components (e.g.
BtL, CtL, GtL, & HVO).
Selection of suitable diesel fuel

life of engine parts/ components, damage to these and to catastrophic engine
the fuel also influences the emissions behaviour of the engine.
Specifications and approvals

The fuel quality varies regionally and is dependent on climatic conditions. All
requirements specified in the current edition of ISO 8217 apply.
The following values must be maintained at the engine inlet:
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C3) mm2/s Max. 6.000 ISO 3104, ASTM D7042, ASTM D445,
Min. 2.000 DIN EN 16896
Density at 15°C kg/m3 Max. 890.0 ISO 3675, ISO 12185
Min. 820.0
Cetane index & cetane number Min. 40 ISO 4264 & ISO 5165
Sulphur content4) % (m/m) Max. 1.0 ISO 8754, ISO 14596, ASTM D 4294,
DIN 51400-10


6) 3
Oxidation stability g/m Max. 25 ISO 12205, EN 15751
2021-04-16 - de
h Min. 20
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) % (V/V) Max. 7.0 ASTM D7963, IP 579, EN 14078
content7)
Carbon residue8) %(m/m) Max. 0.30 ISO 10370
Appearance – – Clear & visually

haze free
Water content % (m/m) Max. 0.02 DIN 51777, DIN EN 12937,

ASTM D6304
Ash content % (m/m) Max. 0.010 ISO 6245
General, D010.000.023-01-0001 1 (4)


9)
Lubricity μm Max. 520 ISO 12156-1, ASTM D6079
Table 1: Requirements for diesel fuel
Remarks:
1)
The fuel must be suitable for the intended application. It must not contain any substance in a concentration that
causes additional air pollution, is harmful for personnel, jeopardises ship safety and/or has an adverse effect on ma-
chine performance. The fuel must be free from non-ferrous metals according to DIN EN 16476.
2)
Always in relation to the currently applicable edition.
3)
4)
5)
SOLAS specification. A lower flash point is possible for non-SOLAS-regulated applications.
6)
If there is more than 2% (V/V) FAME, an analysis as per EN15751 must additionally be performed.
7)
The FAME must either be in accordance with EN 14214 or with ASTM D6751.
8)
Determined on 10% distillation residue.
9)
Diameter of the corrected wear scar (WSD).
The following fuels are approved for use:

▪ Classes ISO F-DMA & DMZ as per ISO 8217 in the current edition.
▪ Class ISO F-DFA & DFZ as per ISO 8217 in the current edition with addi-
tional requirements regarding oxidation stability.
▪ Diesel fuel as per EN 590 in the current edition with additional requirement
regarding flash point >60 °C in SOLAS regulated areas.
▪ Diesel fuel no. 2-D as per ASTM D975-15 with additional requirement re-
garding flash point >60 °C in SOLAS regulated areas
▪ Synthetic diesel fuel as per EN 15940 in the current edition with additional
requirement regarding flash point >60 °C in SOLAS regulated areas. To
obtain the full power output from engines with conventional injection sys-
tems, the minimum density in the table Requirements for the diesel fuel
must be strictly adhered to.
standards.
Viscosity
In order to ensure sufficient lubrication, a minimum level of viscosity must be
ensured at the fuel injection pump. The specified maximum temperature re-
2021-04-16 - de
quired to maintain a viscosity of more than 1.9 mm2/s upstream of the fuel in-
jection pump depends on the fuel viscosity. The temperature of the fuel up-
stream of the fuel injection pump must not exceed 45 °C in any case. The lub-
ricity requirements of the fuel upstream of the engine is a maximum of 520 µm

WSD in each case.
Military fuel specification

The fuel types F-75 or F-76 as per NATO STANAG 1385 may be used. The
following must be observed when doing so:
2 (4) General, D010.000.023-01-0001

▪ According to the specification, the minimum permissible fuel viscosity for

F-75 & F-76 is 1.7 mm²/s at 40 °C. This corresponds to a minimum fuel
viscosity of 1.5 mm²/s at 45 °C (upstream of the engine).
▪ Use of a low-viscosity fuel (1.7 cSt at 40 °C) does not immediately cause
the injection system to fail.
▪ A more severe leakage can trigger a variety of alarms!
▪ Extended operation of the engine with low-viscosity fuel leads to
shortened maintenance intervals for the components of the injection sys-
tem!
▪ If permanent operation with low-viscosity fuel is intended, a fuel cooling
system should be installed. Contact for further information.
▪ The lubricity requirements of the fuel for the engine are always max. 520
µm WSD as per ISO 12156-1.
Cold suitability
The cold suitability of the fuel is determined by the climatic requirements at
the place of installation. It is the responsibility of the operating company to
choose a fuel with sufficient cold suitability.
The cold suitability of a fuel may be determined and assessed using the fol-
lowing standards:
▪ Limit of filterability (CFPP) as per EN 116
▪ Pour point as per ISO 3016
▪ Cloud point as per EN 23015
To be able to draw a reliable conclusion, it is recommended to perform all
three stated procedures.
Bio-fuel admixture
The DFA fuel may contain up to 7.0% of bio-fuel based on fatty acid methyl
ester (FAME). The FAME to be added must comply with either EN14214 or
ASTM D 6751. Compared to fuels on mineral oil basis only, fuels containing
FAME have an increased tendency to oxidise and age and are more vulner-

able to microbiological contamination. Furthermore, the fuel may contain an
increased quantity of water. This why it is necessary to check the ageing sta-
bility at regular intervals when using this type of fuel. In addition, it is important
to regularly check the water content of the fuel.
To minimise microbiological contamination, the tanks must be drained on a
regular basis. During standstill periods this is required daily, otherwise weekly.
When first using fuels containing bio-diesel, deposits that have accumulated
2021-04-16 - de
over a longer period of time may become detached. These deposits can
block filters or even cause immediate damage.
Using bio-diesel blends in emergency power generators should be avoided.
Bio-diesel fuel should be stored in separate reservoirs. Storing fuel containing

bio-diesel for more than 6 months is generally not recommended. is not liable
for damage and any possible consequences resulting from the use of fuel
containing bio-diesel.
General, D010.000.023-01-0001 3 (4)

Analyses
Analysis of fuel oil samples is very important for safe engine operation. We can
analyse fuel for customers at laboratory PrimeServLab.
216172783871896587
2021-04-16 - de
4 (4) General, D010.000.023-01-0001

Non-standardised fuels
General information
Non-standardised fuels are fuels that are not based on mineral oil or comply
with ISO 8217, and fuels that contain larger proportions of bio-fuels (fatty acid
methyl ester). Such bio-fuel components are typically produced from oleifer-
ous plants or used cooking oil. Residues from bio-fuel production can also be
included.
In order to use a fuel like this, a Non-Standard Fuel Request (NSR) must be
submitted. This request must be approved before the fuel can be used.
Selection of suitable fuel

life of engine parts/ components, damage to these and to catastrophic engine
the fuel influences the emissions behaviour of the engine.
Specifications
The fuel quality varies regionally and is dependent on climatic conditions.
The following fuels can be considered:
▪ Fatty acid methyl esters as per DIN EN 14214 and ASTM D6751
▪ Distillate fuels with fatty acid methyl esters > 7% and max. 30% as per
DIN EN 16734, DIN EN 16709 and ASTM D7467
▪ Distillate fuels with > 30% fatty acid methyl ester content
The following values must be maintained at the engine inlet (applies for
transesterified bio-fuels/FAME and their mixtures with distillate fuels; it may
not be possible to perform all analyses):
Property Unit Limit value Standard1)
Kin. viscosity at 40°C2) mm²/s Max. 11.00 ISO 3104, ASTM D7042,
ASTM D445, DIN EN 16896
Min. 2.000
Density at 15°C kg/m³ Max. 900.0 ISO 3675, ISO 12185
Min. 820.0
Cetane index & cetane num- — Min. 40 ISO 4264 & ISO 5165
2021-05-25 - de
ber
Sulphur content3) %(m/m) Max. 1.00 ISO 8754, ISO 14596, ASTM
D4294, DIN 51400-10
General, D010.000.023-02-0001 1 (3)

Property Unit Limit value Standard1)

5)
Oxidation stability h Min. 8 h (FAME content 70–100%) EN 15751
15 h (FAME content 40–70%)
20 h (FAME content 7–40%)
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) % (V/V) Max. 7.0–100% ASTM D7963, IP 579, EN
content6) 14078
Carbon residue7) %(m/m) Max. 0.40 ISO 10370
Appearance — — Clear and free from visible —

contamination
Water content %(m/m) Max. 0.20 DIN 51777, DIN EN 12937;

ASTM D6304
Ash content %(m/m) Max. 0.010 ISO 6245
Total glycerine content %(m/m) Max. 0.25 EN 14105
Methanol content %(m/m) Max. 0.20 EN 14110
Monoglycerides %(m/m) Max. 0.70 EN 14110
Diglycerides %(m/m) Max. 0.20 EN 14110
Triglycerides %(m/m) Max. 0.20 EN 14110
Iodine value %(m/m) Max. 120 EN 14111
Linolenic acid methyl ester %(m/m) Max. 12 EN 14103
Polyunsaturated (> 4) fatty %(m/m) Max. 1.00 EN 15779

acids
Alkali metals (Na+K) %(m/m) Max. 5.0 EN 14108
Alkaline earth metals %(m/m) Max. 5.0 EN 14538
Phosphorous content %(m/m) Max. 4.0 EN 14107
Lubricity8) µm Max. 520 ISO 12156-1; ASTM D6079
Remarks:
1)
Always reference to the latest edition
2)
Specific requirements of the injection system must be taken into account
3)
Independent of the maximum permissible sulphur content, local laws and regulations must be adhered to
4)
SOLAS specification. A lower flash point is possible for non-SOLAS-regulated applications
5)
If there is more than 2% (V/V) FAME, an analysis as per EN 15751 is an additional requirement
2021-05-25 - de
6)
The FAME must either comply with EN 14214 or with ASTM D6751
7)
Determined at 10% distillation residue
8)
Diameter of the corrected wear scar (WS)
Table 1: Specification for transesterified bio-fuel
The following values must be complied with at the engine inlet (does not apply
for non-transesterfied bio-fuels):
Properties/features Properties/unit Testing method
3
Density at 15 °C 900–930 kg/m DIN EN ISO 3675,
EN ISO 12185
2 (3) General, D010.000.023-02-0001

Properties/features Properties/unit Testing method

Flash point > 60 °C DIN EN 22719
Lower calorific value > 35 MJ/kg DIN 51900-3

(typically: 37 MJ/kg)
Viscosity/50 °C < 40 cSt (corresponds to viscos- DIN EN ISO 3104

ity/40 °C< 60 cSt) ASTM D7042
Estimated cetane number > 40 IP 541
Coke residue < 0.4% DIN EN ISO 10370
Sediment content < 200 ppm DIN EN 12662
Oxidation resistance (110 °C) >5h EN ISO 6886, EN 14112
Monoglyceride content < 0.70% (m/m) EN14105
Diglyceride content < 0.20% (m/m) EN14105
Triglyceride content < 0.20% (m/m) EN14105
Free glycerol content < 0.02% (m/m) EN14105
Phosphorus content < 15 ppm ASTM D3231
Na and K content < 15 ppm DIN 51797-3
Ash content < 0.01% DIN EN ISO 6245
Water content < 0.5% EN ISO 12537
Iodine number < 125g/100g DIN EN 14111
TAN (total acid number) < 5 mg KOH/g DIN EN ISO 660
Cold filter plugging point 10 °C below the lowest temperat- EN 116

ure in the fuel system
Table 2: Specifications for non-interesterified bio fuel

the environment.
Tests
2021-05-25 - de
Analysis of samples To ensure sufficient cleaning of the fuel via the separator, perform regular
functional check by sampling up- and downstream of the separator.
Analysis of residual fuel samples is essential for safe engine operation. We can
analyse fuel for customers at the laboratory PrimeServLab.
126100791324855691
General, D010.000.023-02-0001 3 (3)

126100791324855691
2021-05-25 - de
General, D010.000.023-02-0001
Explanatory notes for biofuel
3700063-9.2
Operation with biofuel
Please contact MAN Energy Solutions at an early stage of project.
Requirements on plant side

Biofuel has to be divided into 3 categories.
Category 1 – transesterified biofuel

For example:
▪ Biodiesel (FAME)
Esterified biofuel is comparable to MDO (ISO-F-DMB/ ISO-F-DMC), therefore
standard layout of fuel oil system for MDO-operation to be used.
Category 2 – not transesterified biofuel and pour point below 20°C

For example:
▪ Vegetable oil
▪ Rape-seed oil
Not transesterified biofuel with pour point below 20°C is comparable to HFO
(ISO-F-RM), therefore standard layout of fuel oil system for HFO-operation to
be used.
Category 3 – not transesterified biofuel and pour point above 20° C

For example:
▪ Palm oil
▪ Stearin
▪ Animal fat
▪ Frying fat
CAUTION Not transesterified biofuel with a pour point above 20° C carries
a risk of flocculation and may clog up pipes and filters unless special precau-
tions are taken.
Therefore the standard layout of fuel oil system for HFO-operation has to be
modified concerning following aspects:
2021-09-13 - en
▪ In general no part of the fuel oil system must be cooled down below pour
point of the used biofuel.
▪ Fuel cooler for circulation fuel oil feeding part => to be modified.
In this circuit a temperature above pour point of the biofuel is needed
without overheating of the supply pumps.
▪ Sensor pipes to be isolated or heated and located near to main pipes.
▪ To prevent injection nozzles from clogging indicator filter size 0.010 mm
Description
has to be used instead of 0.034 mm.
Additionally:
Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32A;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S 1 (2)
▪ Fuel oil module to be located inside plant (to be protected against rain and
cold wind).
3700063-9.2
▪ A second fuel type has to be provided of category 1 or 2.

Due to the risk of clogging it is needed before each stop of the engine, to
change over to a second fuel type of category 1 or 2 and to operate the
engine until the danger of clogging of the fuel oil system no longer exists.
Requirements on engine
▪ Injection pumps with special coating and with sealing oil system.
▪ Fuel pipes and leak fuel pipes must be equipped with heattracing (not to
be applied for biofuel category 1). Heattracing to be applied for biofuel
category 2 outside covers of injection pump area and for biofuel category
3 also inside injection pump area.
▪ Inlet valve lubrication (L32/40)
▪ Nozzle cooling to be applied for biofuel category 2 and 3. (L32/40)
▪ Charge air temperature before cylinder 55° C to minimize ignition delay.
Please be aware
▪ Depending on the quality of the biofuel, it may be necessary to carry out
one oil change per year (this is not taken into account in the details con-
cerning lubricating oil consumption).
▪ An addition to the fuel oil consumption is necessary:
2 g/kWh addition to fuel oil consumption (see chapter fuel oil consump-
tion)
▪ Engine operation with fuels of low calorific value like biofuel, requires an
output reduction:
– LCV ≥ 38 MJ/kg Power reduction 0%
27021604574924171
2021-09-13 - en
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-
2 (2) Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32A;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S
Crude oil specification
3700246-2.1
Crude oil
Crude oil is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mix-
ture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic
compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's sur-
face.
The flash point of crude oil is low, typically below ambient temperature.
Our four-stroke medium-speed engines are well proven in operation on crude
oil taken directly from oil wells and conditioned on site.
Exploiting crude oil to feed the large consumers involved in oil and gas explor-
ation and production is both an economical solution and saves the consider-
able CO2 emissions involved in the refining of distillate fuels and their transport
via pumping stations from and to the oil field.
Properties/Characteristics Unit Limit Test method
Viscosity, before injection pumps, min. cSt 3
Viscosity, before injection pumps, max. cSt 18
Viscosity @ 50°C, max. cSt 700 ISO 3104
Density @ 15°C, max. kg/m3 1010.0 ISO 3675 or ISO 12185
CCAI, max. – 870 ISO 8217
Water before engine, max. % volume 0.2 ISO 3733
Sulphur, max. % mass 4.5 ISO 8754 or ISO 14596
Ash, max. % mass 0.15 ISO 6245
Vanadium, max. mg/kg 600 ISO 14597 or IP 501

or IP 470
Sodium + Potassium before engine, max. mg/kg 1/3 Vanadium content ISO 10478
Aluminium + Silicon before engine, max. mg/kg 15 ISO 10478 or IP 501

or IP 470
Carbon residue, max. % mass 20 ISO 10370
Asphaltenes, max. % mass 2/3 of carbon residue ASTM D3279

(according to Conradson)
Reid vapour pressure (RVP), max. kPa @ 37.8°C 65 ASTM D323

2022-02-16 - en
Lubricity (wear scar diameter) μm < 520 ISO 12156-1
Pour point, max. °C 30 ISO 3016
Cold filter plugging point °C Minimum 10° C below the IP 309

lowest temperature
in the entire fuel system
Total sediment potential, max. % mass 0.10 ISO 10307-2

Description
Hydrogen sulphide, max. mg/kg 2 IP 570
AN (acid number), max. mg KOH/g 2.5 ASTM D664

Table 1: Crude oil - specifications.
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L27/38-
Mk2;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L16/24;L21
/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (2)
36028803829676299
3700246-2.1
2022-02-16 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L27/38-
Mk2;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;V28/32H;V28/32S;L16/24;L21
2 (2) /31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram)
Explanations of viscosity-temperature diagram

Figure 1: Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram)
In the diagram, the fuel temperatures are shown on the horizontal axis and the
viscosity is shown on the vertical axis.
2020-12-08 - de
The diagonal lines correspond to viscosity-temperature curves of fuels with

different reference viscosities. The vertical viscosity axis in mm2/s (cSt) applies
for 40, 50 or 100 °C.
Determining the viscosity-temperature curve and the required preheating temperature

Example: residual fuel with Prescribed injection viscosity Required fuel temperature
180 mm²/s at 50°C in mm²/s at the engine inlet1) in °C
≥ 12 126 (line c)
≤ 14 119 (line d)
General, D010.000.023-06-0001 1 (2)

Prescribed injection viscosity Required fuel temperature

in mm²/s at the engine inlet1) in °C
1)
For these figures, the temperature drop from the last pre-heating device to the fuel
injection pump is not taken into account.
Table 1: Determining the viscosity temperature trend and the required pre-
heating temperature
81064795051457291
2020-12-08 - de
2 (2) General, D010.000.023-06-0001

Analysis of operating fluids
Checks are important

The engine oil and cooling water must be monitored during operation as con-
tamination and acidification restricts the use of the lubricating oil and damage
may be caused to the engine if the water quality is inadequate or the propor-
tion of anti-corrosion agent in the cooling water is too low.
For engines with residual fuel operation, it is also important to check certain
characteristic values to ensure optimal preparation. It cannot always be as-
sumed that the values specified in the bunker documentation apply for the de-
livery.
Test kit
For easy chemical and physical investigation of the operating fluids, we re-
commend the following test case:
Medium Type Designation
Heavy fuel oil and lubricating oil A Fuel and lubricating oil analyser
Cooling water B Cooling water tester

Table 1: Test kit for operating fluids analysis

2020-12-08 - de
Figure 1: Test kit case A for the analysis of fuel and lubricating oil
Laboratory tests Test kit cannot replace a regular laboratory test of operating fluids, but only
supplement it.
We can analyse engine operating fluids for customers at our laboratory
PrimeServLab.
General, D010.000.023-14-0001 1 (4)

Figure 2: Test kit case B for the analysis of cooling water
Characteristic value Fuel Water Lubricating Characteristic value provides indication of Test
oil or influences kit
Density X X Separator setting A
Viscosity X X Separating temperature, injection vis- A*

cosity, lubricating oil dilution
Ignition behaviour CCAI/CII X Ignition and combustion behaviour, ig- A

nition pressure, rate of pressure in-
crease, starting behaviour
Water content X X Fuel delivery and atomisation, corro- A

sion susceptibility
Test for seawater X X A
Total Base Number (TBN) X existing neutralising capacity A
pH value X B
Pour point X X Storability and pumpability A
Water hardness X Cooling water processing B
Chloride ion content X Corrosion potential B

Slushing oil in cooling water X Corrosion protection in the cooling **

system
2020-12-08 - de
Spot test X Total lubricating oil contamination A
Spot Test (ASTM-D2781) X Compatibility of blended heavy fuel oil A

components
Table 2: Characteristic values that can be analysed using the test kits
* Test kit A contains the Viscomar device which measures the viscosity at different reference temperatures. The vis-
cosity-temperature relationship can be determined in conjunction with the Calcumar computing device (e.g. injection
and pump temperature).
** Not included. Available from the supplier of the slushing oil.
2 (4) General, D010.000.023-14-0001

Refill kits are available for the chemicals used. Every test kit contains a com-
prehensive user manual that provides detailed information on each aspect of
the application.
Other testing instruments

Lube Oil Tec Determines the water content, Total Base Number (TBN) and lubricating oil
viscosity (alternative to test kit A with fewer features)
Figure 3: Lube Oil Tec
Port-A-lab For test of lubricating oil. Test scope similar to Lube Oil Tec.
Refractometer For monitoring the anti-freeze solution dosing (in stationary systems).
Sources of supply
Product Item no. Source
A Fuel and lubricating oil analyser 09.11999-9005 1, 2
Chemical refill kit for A 09.11999-9002 1, 2
2020-12-08 - de
B Cooling water tester 09.11999-9003 1, 2
Chemical refill kit for B 09.11999-9004 1, 2, 3
Lube Oil Tec 2

Port-A-lab 3
Measuring device for determining the concentration 4

of anticorrosive agent containing nitrite
Refractometer for determining the concentration of 5

anti-freeze solutions
General, D010.000.023-14-0001 3 (4)

Addresses
Source Address
1 , Augsburg, Department A-AUG
2 Drew Marine Mar-Tec GmbH, Stenzelring 8, 21107 Hamburg
3 Martechnic GmbH, Schnackenbergallee 13, 22525 Hamburg
4 Supplier of anticorrosive agent
5 Müller Gerätebau GmbH, Rangerdinger Straße 35, 72414 Höfendorf

36028798779117707
2020-12-08 - de
4 (4) General, D010.000.023-14-0001

Guidelines regarding MAN Energy Solutions GenSets operating on low
1699177-5.3
sulphur fuel oil
General
Exhaust emissions from marine diesel engines have been the focus of recent
legislation. Apart from nitrous oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) are con-
sidered to be the most important pollution factor. A range of new regulations
have been implemented and others will follow (IMO, EU Directive, and CARB).
These regulations demand reduction of SOx emissions by restricting the sul-
phur content of the fuel. That is to say sulphur limits for HFO as well as man-
datory use of low sulphur distillate fuels for particular applications. This
guideline covers the engine related aspects of the use of such fuels.
Low sulphur HFO

From an engine manufacturer’s point of view there is no lower limit for the sul-
phur content of HFO. We have not experienced any trouble with the currently
available low sulphur HFO, that are related to the sulphur content or specific
to low sulphur HFO. This may change in the future if new methods are applied
for the production of low sulphur HFO (desulphurization, uncommon blending
components). MAN Energy Solutions will monitor developments and inform
our customers if necessary.
Guidelines regarding MAN Energy Solutions GenSets operating on low sulphur

If the engine is not operated permanently on low sulphur HFO, then the lubric-
ating oil should be selected according to the highest sulphur content of the
fuels in operation.
Low sulphur distillates

In general our GenSet is developed for continuous operation on HFO as well
as on MDO/MGO. Occasionally changes in operation mode between HFO
and MDO/MGO are considered to be within normal operation procedures for
our engine types and do thus not require special precautions.
Running on low sulphur fuel (< 0.1% S) will not cause problems, but please
notice the following restrictions:
In order to avoid seizure of the fuel oil injection pump components the viscos-
ity at engine fuel oil inlet must be > 2 cSt. In order achieve this it may be ne-
cessary to install a fuel oil cooler, when the engine is running on MGO. This is
both to ensure correct viscosity and avoid heating up the service tank, which
is important as the fuel oil injection pumps are cooled by the fuel.
When operating on MDO/MGO a larger leak oil amount from fuel oil injection
2021-03-02 - en
pumps and fuel oil injection valves can be expected compared to operation
on HFO.
In order to carry out a quick change between HFO and MDO/MGO the
change over should be carried out by means of the valve V1-V2 installed in
front of the engine.
For the selection of the lubricating oil the same applies as for HFO. For tem-
porary operation on distillate fuels including low sulphur distillates nothing has
Description
to be considered. A lubricating oil suitable for operation on diesel fuel should

only be selected if a distillate fuel is used continuously.
fuel oil
45036002221815435
L21/31-
Mk2;V28/32S;V28/32H;L28/32S;L28/32H;L27/38S;L27/38;L23/30S;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 1 (1)
1699177-5.3
45036002221815435
Guidelines regarding MAN Energy Solutions GenSets operating on low sulphur
2021-03-02 - en
Description
fuel oil
L21/31-
Mk2;V28/32S;V28/32H;L28/32S;L28/32H;L27/38S;L27/38;L23/30S;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
Aging curve
3700631-9.1
Aging curve
Figure 1: Aging curve
Fuel consumption are the highest contributor to OPEX (Operating Expenses)

and are mostly related to maintenance, daily/weekly service and proper in-
vestment in external equipment for fuel oil and lubricating oil treatment. Please
see fig 2 of the “Vicious circle”.
MAN Energy Solutions Project-Guide and Instruction Manual have several
pages explaining the best installation and service based on several decades
of experience, continuous development and adaption to the market situation.
The guided values for TBO are achievable based on the best handling of the
engine.
Even with the best maintenance then aging of engine, layers on parts for
turbo/charge air cooler, wear and tear of components, will have a con-
sequence on fuel consumption. Because fuel consumption is the highest con-
tributor to OPEX it can sometimes be advisable to have the TBO before en-
gine limit. As all engines are continuous developed and updated it is recom-
mendable to order original spares and with that get the newest update for
lower fuel consumption. There are also distributed number of Service Letters
with newest update and experience.
Consult MAN-PrimeServ for guidance both for new buildings, normal service
and changes in operation.
2022-04-19 - en
Aging curve
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S 1 (2)
3700631-9.1
2022-04-19 - en
Figure 2: Vicious circle

9007238178585867
Aging curve
Description
2 (2) Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S
Fuel injection valve
3700222-2.1
The fuel valve is uncooled and placed in a sleeve in the centre of the cylinder
head.
O-rings around the fuel valve body prevent fuel and lubricating oil from mixing.
From the side of the cylinder head, a lance for fuel supply is screwed into the
fuel valve (L16/24 is mounted by means of 3 leaf springs). The lance is sealed
with a bushing and two o-rings where the lance goes into the cylinder head. A
double-walled high pressure pipe connects the fuel pump with the lance.
Leak oil from the fuel valve or from a possible defective high pressure pipe is
led to the bore for the lance in the cylinder head. From here a pipe will drain
the fuel to the leakage alarm and further to the leak oil connection. From here
the HFO can be led to leak oil tank and MDO/MGO to the day tank.
2021-09-14 - en

Description
Figure 1: Fuel injection valve.
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S, MAN 1 (2)

27021603882145547
3700222-2.1
2021-09-14 - en
Description
2 (2) L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S, MAN

Fuel oil consumption for emissions Tier II
3700694-2.0
SFOC
All data provided in this document is non-binding and serves informational purposes only. Depending on the sub-
sequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determ-
ined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, espe-

cially specific site and operational conditions.
54226007307
2021-07-27 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2 1 (1)
3700694-2.0
54226007307
2021-07-27 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2
Fuel injection pump
1683324-8.3
Fuel injection pump
The fuel pump and the roller guide are one unit, placed over the fuel cam. A
pipe supplies lubricating oil from the camshaft bearing to the roller guide.
The barrel is installed with seals on the outer circumference at various levels to
avoid leakages and to give the possibility to drain fuel from the lower part of
the barrel bore.
The injection amount of the pump is regulated by transversal displacement of
a toothed rack in the side of the pump housing. By means of a gear ring, the
pump plunger with the two helical millings, the cutting-off edges, is turned
whereby the length of the pump stroke is reckoned from when the plunger
closes the inlet holes until the cutting-off edges again uncover the holes.
A delivery valve is installed on top of the barrel. In the delivery valve housing a
second valve is installed. This valve will open for oscillating high pressure
waves between the needle in the fuel injection valve and the delivery valve on
the pump, causing the needle in the fuel valve to stay closed after the injection
is finished. This will reduce formation of carbon around the nozzle tip and save
fuel.
The amount of fuel injected into each cylinder unit is adjusted by means of the
governor, which maintains the engine speed at the preset value by a continu-
ous positioning of the fuel pump racks, via a common regulating shaft and
spring-loaded linkages for each pump.
The rack for fuel control is shaped as a piston at one end. The piston works
inside a cylinder. When the cylinder is pressurized, the fuel rack will go to zero
and the engine will stop.
2021-09-14 - en
Fuel injection pump

Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S, MAN 1 (2)

1683324-8.3
2021-09-14 - en
Fuel injection pump
Figure 1: Fuel injection pump.

Description
36028803135645707
2 (2) L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S, MAN

MAN Energy Solutions E 11 08 1
Fuel oil filter duplex
1679744-6.8
Fuel oil filter duplex - Star-pleated element
25 microns (400/40) (sphere passing mesh)
HFO MDO MGO

12-18 cSt 2.5-14 cSt 1.5-6 cSt
litres/h litres/h litres/h
DN25 1000 1000 1000
DN32 1500 1500 1500
DN40 2800 2800 2800
DN50 3500 3500 3500
DN65 5800 5800 5800

2
Filter area (cm )
DN25 652 652 652
DN32 1000 1000 1000
DN40 1844 1844 1844
DN50 2337 2337 2337
DN65 3885 3885 3885
Pressure drop (bar)
DN25 0.018 0.016 0.013
DN32 0.016 0.015 0.012
DN40 0.019 0.018 0.015
DN50 0.016 0.014 0.012
DN65 0.015 0.013 0.011

Table 1: Fuel oil filter duplex
27021603886013707
To safeguard the injection system components on the GenSets, is it recom-

mended to install a fuel oil filter duplex, as close as possible to each GenSet.
2021-10-06 - en
The fuel oil filter duplex is with star-pleated filter elements. The fuel oil filter du-
plex is supplied loose and it is recommended to install it, as close as possible

to each GenSet, in the external fuel oil supply line.
GenSets with conventional fuel injection system or common rail fuel system
must have fuel oil filter duplex with a fineness of max. 25 microns (sphere
passing mesh) installed as close as possible to each GenSet.
Description
The filter surface load of the 25 microns filters must not exceed 1.5 l/cm² per
hour !
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H-
Mk3;L27/38;L27/38S;V28/32S 1 (2)
E 11 08 1 MAN Energy Solutions
1679744-6.8
Figure 1: Fuel oil filter duplex.

27021603886013707
2021-10-06 - en
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H-
2 (2) Mk3;L27/38;L27/38S;V28/32S
MDO / MGO cooler
1689458-7.5
General
Figure 1: Fuel temperature versus viscosity.
In order to ensure a satisfactory hydrodynamic oil film between fuel injection

pump plunger/barrel, thereby avoiding fuel injection pump seizures/sticking,
MAN Energy Solutions recommends to keep a fuel oil viscosity at minimum
2.0 cSt measured at the engine inlet. This limit has been used over the years
with good results and gives the required safety margin against fuel injection
pump seizures.
For some MGO´s viscosities below 2.0 cSt may be reached at temperatures
above 35°C. As the fuel temperature increases during operation, it is im-
possible to maintain this low temperature at the engine inlet without a MDO/
MGO cooler.
In the worst case, a temperature of 60-65°C at the engine inlet can be expec-
ted corresponding to a viscosity far below 2.0 cSt. The consequence may be
sticking fuel injection pumps or nozzle needles.
2021-10-06 - en
Also most pumps in the external system (supply pumps, circulating pumps,
transfer pumps and feed pumps for the separator) already installed in existing
MDO / MGO cooler
vessels, need viscosities above 2.0 cSt to function properly.

We recommend that the actual pump maker is contacted for advice.
Installation of MDO/MGO Cooler or MDO/MGO Cooler & Chiller

Description
To be able to maintain the required viscosity at the engine inlet, it is necessary

to install a MDO/MGO cooler in the fuel system (MDO/MGO cooler installed
just before the engine).
8/32DF 1 (3)
The advantage of installing the MDO/MGO cooler just before the engine is
1689458-7.5
that it is possible to optimise the viscosity regulation at the engine inlet. How-
ever, the viscosity may drop below 2.0 cSt at the circulating and other pumps
in the fuel system.
The MDO/MGO cooler can also be installed before the circulating pumps. The
advantage in this case is that the viscosity regulation may be optimised for
both the engine and the circulating pumps.
It is not advisable to install the MDO/MGO cooler just after the engine or after
the Diesel oil service tank as this will complicate viscosity control at the engine
inlet. In case the MDO/MGO cooler is installed after the service tank, the sup-
ply pumps will have to handle the pressure drop across the MDO/MGO cooler
which cannot be recommended.
The cooling medium used for the MDO/MGO cooler is preferably fresh water
from the central cooling water system.
Seawater can be used as an alternative to fresh water, but the possible risk of
MDO/MGO leaking into the sea water and the related pollution of the ocean,
must be supervised.
The horizontal axis shows the bunkered fuel viscosity in cSt at 40°C, which
should be informed in the bunker analysis report.
If the temperature of the MGO is below the upper blue curve at engine inlet,
the viscosity is above 2.0 cSt. The black thick line shows the viscosity at refer-
ence condition (40°C) according to ISO8217, marine distillates.
Example: MGO with viscosity of 4.0 cSt at 40°C must have a temperature be-
low 55°C at engine inlet to ensure a viscosity above 3.0 cSt.
Example: MGO with a viscosity of 5.0 cSt at 40°C is entering the engine at
50°C. The green curves show that the fuel enters the engine at approximately
4.0 cSt.
Example: MGO with a viscosity of 2.0 cSt at 40°C needs cooling to 18°C to
reach 3.0 cSt.
The following items should be considered before specifying the MDO/MGO
cooler :
▪ The flow on the fuel oil side should be the same as the capacity of the fuel
oil circulating pump ( see D 10 05 0, List of Capacities )
▪ The fuel temperature to the MDO/MGO cooler depends on the temperat-
ure of the fuel in the service tank and the temperature of return oil from
the engine(s)
▪ The temperature of the cooling medium inlet to the MDO/MGO cooler de-
pends on the desired fuel temperature to keep a minimum viscosity of 2.0
cSt
2021-10-06 - en
▪ The flow of the cooling medium inlet to the MDO/MGO cooler depends on
the flow on the fuel oil side and how much the fuel has to be cooled
MDO / MGO cooler
The frictional heat from the fuel injection pumps, which has to be removed,
appears from the table below.
Engine type kW/cyl.
L16/24, L16/24S 0.5
Description
L21/31, L21/31 Mk 2, L21/31S 1.0
L27/38, L27/38S 1.5
2 (3) 8/32DF
Engine type kW/cyl.
1689458-7.5
L23/30H, L23/30H Mk 2, L23/30H Mk 3, 0.75
L23/30S
L23/30DF 0.75
L28/32H 1.0
L28/32DF 1.0
V28/32S 1.0
36028803833613707
Based on the fuel oils available in the market as of June 2009, with a viscosity
≥ 2.0 cSt at 40°C, a fuel inlet temperature ≤ 40°C is expected to be sufficient
to achieve 2.0 cSt at engine inlet (see fig 1).
In such case, the central cooling water / LT cooling water (36°C) can be used
as coolant.
For the lowest viscosity MGO´s and MDO´s, a water cooled MGO/MGO cooler
may not be enough to sufficiently cool the fuel as the cooling water available
onboard is typically LT cooling water (36°C).
In such cases, it is recommended to install a so-called “Chiller” that removes
heat through vapourcompression or an absorption refrigeration cycle (see fig
2).
Figure 2: Chiller.
36028803833613707
2021-10-06 - en
MDO / MGO cooler

Description
8/32DF 3 (3)
1689458-7.5
36028803833613707
2021-10-06 - en
MDO / MGO cooler
Description
8/32DF
HFO/MDO changing valves (V1 and V2)
1624467-7.5
Description
Figure 1: Pneumatic diagram for 3-way changing valves V1 & V2.
The fuel change-over system consists of two remote controlled and intercon-
nected 3-way valves, which are installed immediately before each GenSet.
The 3-way valves “V1-V2” are operated by an electrica/pneumatic actuator of
the simplex type, with spring return and a common valve control box for all
GenSets.

The flexibility of the system makes it possible, if necessary, to operate the
GenSets on either diesel oil or heavy fuel oil, individually by means of the L-
bored 3-way valves “V1-V2”.
The control box can be placed in the engine room or in the engine control
room.
To maintain re-circulation in the HFO flow line, when the GenSet is operated
on MDO, is a by-pass valve installed between the fuel inlet valve “V1” and the
fuel outlet valve “V2” at each GenSet as shown in fig 1.
2021-12-20 - en
Valve control box

The electrical power supply to the valve control box is 3 x 400 Volt - 50 Hz, or
3 x 440 Volt - 60 Hz, depending on the plant specification, and is established
in form of a single cable connection from the switchboard.
Description
Due to a built-in transformer, the power supply voltage will be converted to a

24 V DC pilot voltage for serving the relays, contactors, and indication lamps.
Furthermore the 24 V DC pilot voltage is used for operating the fuel changing
valves with an electrically/pneumatically operated actuator of the simplex type
with spring return.
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S 1 (2)
The mode of valve operation is:

1624467-7.5
HFO-position: Energized
MDO-position: De-energized
In the event of a black-out, or other situations resulting in dead voltage poten-
tial, will the remote controlled and interconnected 3-way valves at each
GenSet be de-energized and automatically change over to the MDO/MGO-
position, due to the built-in return spring. The internal piping on the GenSets
will then, within a few seconds, be flushed with MDO/MGO and be ready for
start up.
27021604579532427
2021-12-20 - en
Description
2 (2) Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S
MAN Energy Solutions P 11 02 1
Automatic back-flush filter
1609536-7.3
To protect the GenSets from foreign particles in the fuel (cat fines attack),
must a common automatic back-flush filter be installed in the circulation line,
just before the branching to the individual GenSets.
The automatic back-flush filter with a change-over cock and by-pass simplex
filter and with integrated heating chamber, has a mesh size of 10 microns (ab-
solute/sphere passing mesh).
The automatic back-flush filter permits a continuous operation even during
back flushing without any pressure drops or interruptions of flow. If the filter
inserts are clogged, an automatic cleaning is started. The filter is equipped
with a visual differential pressure indication and two differential pressure con-
tacts to monitor the clogging of the filter. Back flushing medium is discharged
discontinuous to a sludge tank or back to the settling tank.
Filter specification
Range of application : Heavy fuel oil 700 cSt @ 50°C
Max. operating pressure : 16 bar
Test pressure : According to class rule
Max. operating temperature : 160°C
Nominal width of connection flanges : DN40, DN65, DN80, DN100 or DN125
Grade of filtration : 10 microns (absolute/sphere passing

mesh)
Cleaning : Sequential reverse-flow back-flushing,

assisted by compressed air
Back-flushing control : Differential pressure-dependent or time-

dependent
2021-12-16 - en
Pressure drop at clean filter : ≤ 0.2 bar
Filter to be cleaned at a pressure drop : 0.38 bar ± 10%
Alarm contact switches at differential : 0.5 bar ± 10%

Description
pressure
Compressed air : 4-10 bar
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L27/38;L28/32H, B (BOLL fil-

ter) 1 (8)
P 11 02 1 MAN Energy Solutions
1609536-7.3
Specification L16/24
1000 rpm Booster circuit
Qty. engines 5L16/24 6L16/24 7L16/24 8L16/24 9L16/24
1 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40
2 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40
3 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN65 DN65
4 DN40 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65

1 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40
2 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40
3 DN40 DN40 DN65 DN65 DN65
4 DN40 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
Specification L21/31 + Mk2

Qty. engines 5 cyl. engine 6 cyl. engine 7 cyl. engine 8 cyl. engine 9 cyl. engine
1 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN65
2 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
3 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN80
4 DN65 DN65 DN80 DN80 DN80

1 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN65

2021-12-16 - en
2 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
3 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN80
4 DN65 DN65 DN80 DN80 DN80

Description

2 (8) ter)
1609536-7.3
1 DN40 DN40 DN65 DN65 DN65
2 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
3 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN80 DN80
4 DN65 DN80 DN80 DN80 DN100

1 DN40 DN40 DN65 DN65 DN65
2 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
3 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN80 DN80
4 DN65 DN80 DN80 DN80 DN100
Specification L23/30H + Mk2

720/750 rpm Booster circuit
Qty. engines 5 cyl. engine 6 cyl. engine 7 cyl. engine 8 cyl. engine
1 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40
2 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN65
3 DN40 DN65 DN65 DN65
4 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65

Qty. engines 6 cyl. engine 7 cyl. engine 8 cyl. engine
1 DN40 DN40 DN40

2021-12-16 - en
2 DN40 DN65 DN65
3 DN65 DN65 DN65
4 DN65 DN65 DN65

Description

ter) 3 (8)
1609536-7.3
Specification L28/32H
Qty. engines 5L28/32H 6L28/32H 7L28/32H 8L28/32H 9L28/32H
1 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40
2 DN40 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
3 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
4 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN80

1 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40 DN40
2 DN40 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
3 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65
4 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN65 DN80

2021-12-16 - en
Description

4 (8) ter)
1609536-7.3
DN40 - Typ 6.72.1

2021-12-16 - en
DN65 - Typ 6.72.1

Description

ter) 5 (8)
1609536-7.3
2021-12-16 - en
DN80 - Typ 6.72.1

Description

6 (8) ter)
1609536-7.3
2021-12-16 - en
DN100 - Typ 6.64.1

Description

ter) 7 (8)
1609536-7.3
2021-12-16 - en
36028803053236619
Description

8 (8) ter)
3700397-1.1
To protect the GenSets from foreign particles in the fuel (cat fines attack),
must a common automatic back-flush filter be installed in the circulation line,
just before the branching to the individual GenSets.
The automatic back-flush filter with a change-over cock and by-pass simplex
filter and with integrated heating chamber, has a mesh size of 10 microns (ab-
solute/sphere passing mesh).
The automatic back-flush filter permits a continuous operation and is back-
flushed continuously, without any interruptions of flow.
The continuous back-flushing significantly prevents adhesion of retained
solids to filter surfaces and no manual cleaning of filter elements is needed.
The constant pressure drop across the filter, combined with the pressure
drop indicator, facilitates the detection of a malfunction in the fuel oil system.
The use of filtered oil for the back-flushing process eliminates the need for
compressed air.
The diversion chamber acts as an automatic maintenance-free sludge treat-
ment system, collecting particles back-flushed from the full-flow chamber and
cleaning itself to concentrate sludge. The solids settle to the bottom of the di-
version chamber, where they are periodically discharged through the drain
cock.

2021-12-16 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L27/38;L28/32H, A (Alfa
Laval) 1 (12)
3700397-1.1
Range of application : Heavy fuel oil 700 cSt @ 50°C
Test pressure : 30 bar
Nominal width of connection flanges : DN25, DN40, DN50
Grade of filtration : 10 microns (absolute/sphere passing

mesh)
Cleaning : Continuous back flushing driven by

the filtered oil
Alarm contact switches at differential : 0.8 bar

pressure
Housing material : Nodular cast iron
Filter screen material : Stainless steel
Heating method : Steam/hot water/thermal oil
Power supply : 110/220 V, 50/60 Hz, single phase
Consumption : 0.20 A (110 V), 0.10 A (220 V)
Protection Class F : IP55, tropicalized

2021-12-16 - en
Description
2 (12) Laval)
3700397-1.1
1 Outlet flow 0.32 0.4 0.47 0.54 0.6
Inlet flow 0.57 0.65 0.72 0.79 0.85
Recommended FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4
filter size A01 A01 A01 A01 A01
2 Outlet flow 0.64 0.8 0.94 1.08 1.2

Inlet flow 0.89 1.05 1.19 1.33 1.45
3 Outlet flow 0.96 1.2 1.41 1.62 1.8

Inlet flow 1.21 1.45 1.66 1.91 2.12
Recommended FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE FM-152-DE
filter size A01 A01 A01 12/6 A01 12/6 A01
4 Outlet flow 1.28 1.6 1.88 2.16 2.4

Inlet flow 1.53 1.88 2.21 2.54 2.82
Recommended FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE FM-152-DE FM-152-DE
filter size A01 A01 12/6 A01 12/6 A01 12/6 A01

1 Outlet flow 0.35 0.47 0.54 0.62 0.7
Inlet flow 0.60 0.72 0.79 0.87 0.95
2 Outlet flow 0.7 0.94 1.08 1.24 1.4

Inlet flow 0.95 1.19 1.33 1.49 1.65
3 Outlet flow 1.05 1.41 1.62 1.86 2.1

2021-12-16 - en
Inlet flow 1.30 1.66 1.91 2.19 2.47

4 Outlet flow 1.4 1.88 2.16 2.48 2.8

Inlet flow 1.65 2.21 2.54 2.92 3.29
Description
Recommended FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE FM-152-DE FM-152-DE FM-152-DE

filter size A01 12/6 A01 12/6 A01 16/8 A01 16/8 A01
Laval) 3 (12)
3700397-1.1
Specification L21/31 + Mk2

1 Outlet flow 0.89 1.18 1.37 1.57 1.76
Inlet flow 1.14 1.43 1.62 1.85 2.07
Recommended FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE
filter size A01 A01 A01 A01 12/6 A01
2 Outlet flow 1.78 2.36 2.74 3.14 3.52

Inlet flow 2.09 2.78 3.22 3.69 4.14
Recommended FM-152-DE FM-152-DE FM-152-DE FM-152-DE FM-152-DE
filter size 12/6 A01 12/6 A01 16/8 A01 16/8 A01 24/12 A01
3 Outlet flow 2.67 3.54 4.11 4.71 5.28

Inlet flow 3.14 4.16 4.84 5.54 6.21
4 Outlet flow 3.56 4.72 5.48 6.28 7.04

Inlet flow 4.19 5.55 6.45 7.39 8.28

1 Outlet flow 0.89 1.18 1.37 1.57 1.76
Inlet flow 1.14 1.43 1.62 1.85 2.07
Recommended FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE 8/4 FM-152-DE
filter size A01 A01 A01 A01 12/6 A01
2 Outlet flow 1.78 2.36 2.74 3.14 3.52

Inlet flow 2.09 2.78 3.22 3.69 4.14
3 Outlet flow 2.67 3.54 4.11 4.71 5.28

2021-12-16 - en
Inlet flow 3.14 4.16 4.84 5.54 6.21

4 Outlet flow 3.56 4.72 5.48 6.28 7.04

Inlet flow 4.19 5.55 6.45 7.39 8.28
Description

4 (12) Laval)
3700397-1.1
Specification L23/30H + Mk2
720/750 rpm Booster circuit
Qty. engines 5 cyl. engine 6 cyl. engine 7 cyl. engine 8 cyl. engine
1 Outlet flow 0.53 0.63 0.74 0.84
Inlet flow 0.78 0.88 0.99 1.09
Recommended filter FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 8/4 A01
size
2 Outlet flow 1.06 1.26 1.48 1.68

Inlet flow 1.31 1.51 1.74 1.98
Recommended filter FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 12/6
size A01
3 Outlet flow 1.59 1.89 2.22 2.52

Inlet flow 1.87 2.22 2.61 2.96
Recommended filter FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 12/6 FM-152-DE 12/6 FM-152-DE 16/8
size A01 A01 A01
4 Outlet flow 2.12 2.52 2.96 3.36

Inlet flow 2.49 2.96 3.48 3.95
Recommended filter FM-152-DE 12/6 FM-152-DE 16/8 FM-152-DE 16/8 FM-152-DE 24/12
size A01 A01 A01 A01

Qty. engines 6 cyl. engine 7 cyl. engine 8 cyl. engine
1 Outlet flow 0.75 0.88 1.01
Inlet flow 1.00 1.13 1.26
Recommended filter size FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 8/4 A01 FM-152-DE 8/4 A01
2 Outlet flow 1.5 1.76 2.02

Inlet flow 1.76 2.07 2.38
3 Outlet flow 2.25 2.64 3.03

Inlet flow 2.65 3.11 3.56

2021-12-16 - en
Recommended filter size 'FM-152-DE 12/6 A01 FM-152-DE 16/8 A01 FM-152-DE 16/8 A01
4 Outlet flow 3 3.52 4.04

Inlet flow 3.53 4.14 4.75
Description
Laval) 5 (12)
3700397-1.1
1 Outlet flow 1.06 1.4 1.63 1.87 2.1
Inlet flow 1.31 1.65 1.92 2.20 2.47
2 Outlet flow 2.12 2.8 3.26 3.74 4.2

Inlet flow 2.49 3.29 3.84 4.40 4.94
3 Outlet flow 3.18 4.2 4.89 5.61 6.3

Inlet flow 3.74 4.94 5.75 6.60 7.41
4 Outlet flow 4.24 5.6 6.52 7.48 8.4

Inlet flow 4.99 6.59 7.67 8.80 9.88

1 Outlet flow 1.13 1.4 1.63 1.87 2.1
Inlet flow 1.38 1.65 1.92 2.20 2.47
2 Outlet flow 2.26 2.8 3.26 3.74 4.2

Inlet flow 2.66 3.29 3.84 4.40 4.94
3 Outlet flow 3.39 4.2 4.89 5.61 6.3

2021-12-16 - en
Inlet flow 3.99 4.94 5.75 6.60 7.41

4 Outlet flow 4.52 5.6 6.52 7.48 8.4

Inlet flow 5.32 6.59 7.67 8.80 9.88
Description

6 (12) Laval)
3700397-1.1
Specification L28/32H
1 Outlet flow 0.74 0.89 1.04 1.19 1.34
Inlet flow 0.99 1.14 1.29 1.44 1.59
2 Outlet flow 1.48 1.78 2.08 2.38 2.68

Inlet flow 1.74 2.09 2.45 2.80 3.15
3 Outlet flow 2.22 2.67 3.12 3.57 4.02

Inlet flow 2.61 3.14 3.67 4.20 4.73
4 Outlet flow 2.96 3.56 4.16 4.76 5.36

Inlet flow 3.48 4.19 4.89 5.60 6.31

1 Outlet flow 0.78 0.93 1.09 1.24 1.4
Inlet flow 1.03 1.18 1.34 1.49 1.65
2 Outlet flow 1.56 1.86 2.18 2.48 2.8

Inlet flow 1.84 2.19 2.56 2.92 3.29
3 Outlet flow 2.34 2.79 3.27 3.72 4.2

2021-12-16 - en
Inlet flow 2.75 3.28 3.85 4.38 4.94

4 Outlet flow 3.12 3.72 4.36 4.96 5.6

Inlet flow 3.67 4.38 5.13 5.84 6.59
Description

Laval) 7 (12)
3700397-1.1
FM-152-DE 8/4
2021-12-16 - en
Description
8 (12) Laval)
3700397-1.1
FM-152-DE 12/6 & 16/8

2021-12-16 - en
Description
Laval) 9 (12)
3700397-1.1
FM-152-DE 24/12
2021-12-16 - en
Description
10 (12) Laval)
3700397-1.1
FM-152-DE 30/12

2021-12-16 - en
Description
Laval) 11 (12)
3700397-1.1
FM-152-DE 60/24
2021-12-16 - en
Description
18014413277635339
12 (12) Laval)
Internal lubricating oil system
1683379-9.8
Figure 1: Diagram for internal lubricating oil system
Pipe description
C3 Lubricating oil from separator DN25
C4 Lubricating oil to separator DN25
C13 Oil vapour discharge* DN65
C15 Lubricating oil overflow DN50
C30 Venting pipe turbocharger bearings DN40

Table 1: Flange connections are as standard according to DIN 2501
* For external pipe connection, please see Crankcase ventilation, B 12 00

0/515.31.
2021-10-07 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (4)
1683379-9.8
General
As standard the lubricating oil system is based on wet sump lubrication.
All moving parts of the engine are lubricated with oil circulating under pressure
in a closed system.
The lubricating oil is also used for the purpose of cooling the pistons and tur-
bocharger.
The standard engine is equipped with:
▪ Engine driven lubricating oil pump
▪ Lubricating oil cooler
▪ Lubricating oil thermostatic valve
▪ Duplex full-flow depth filter
▪ Pre-lubricating oil pump
▪ Centrifugal by-pass filter
Oil quantities
The approximate quantities of oil necessary for a new engine, before starting
up are given in the table, see "B 12 01 1 / 504.06 / 604.06 Lubricating Oil in
Base Frame" (max. litre H3)
If there are connected external, full-flow filters etc., the quantity of oil in the ex-
ternal piping must also be taken into account.
Max. velocity recommendations for external lubricating oil pipes:
- Pump suction side 1.0 - 1.5 m/s

- Pump discharge side 1.5 - 2.0 m/s
Lubricating oil consumption

The lubricating oil consumption, see "Specific lubricating oil consumption -
SLOC, B 12 15 0 / 504.07"
It should, however, be observed that during the running in period the lubricat-
ing oil consumption may exceed the values stated.
Quality of oil
Only HD lubricating oil (Detergent Lubricating Oil) should be used, character-
2021-10-07 - en
istic stated in "Lubricating Oil Specification, 010.000.023".
System flow
The lubricating oil pump draws oil from the oil sump and presses the oil
through the cooler and filter to the main lubricating oil bore, from where the oil
is distributed to the various lubricating points. From the lubricating points the
Description
oil returns by gravity to the oil sump. The oil pressure is controlled by an ad-
justable spring-loaded relief valve built in the system.
The main groups of components to be lubricated are:
1. Turbocharger
2 (4) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
2. Main bearings, big-end bearing etc.
1683379-9.8
3. Camshaft drive
4. Governor drive
5. Rocker arms
6. Camshaft
7. The turbocharger is an integrated part of the lubricating oil system, thus

allowing continuous priming and lubrication when engine is running. For
priming and during operation the turbocharger is connected to the lubric-
ating oil circuit of the engine. The oil serves for bearing lubrication and
also for dissipation of heat.
The inlet line to the turbocharger is equipped with an orifice in order to ad-
just the oil flow.
8. Lubricating oil for the main bearings is supplied through holes in the en-
gine frame. From the main bearings it passes through bores in the crank-
shaft to the connecting rod big-end bearings.
The connecting rods have bored channels for supply of oil from the big-
end bearings to the small-end bearings, which has an inner circumferen-
tial groove, and a bore for distribution of oil to the piston.
From the front main bearings channels are bored in the crankshaft for lub-
ricating of the damper.
9. The lubricating oil pipes for the camshaft drive gear wheels are equipped
with nozzles which are adjusted to apply the oil at the points where the
gear wheels are in mesh.
10.The lubricating oil pipe for the gear wheels are adjusted to apply the oil at
the points where the gear wheels are in mesh.
11.The lubricating oil to the rocker arms is led through bores in the engine
frame to each cylinder head. The oil continuous through bores in the cyl-
inder head and rocker arm to the movable parts to be lubricated at the
rocker arm and valve bridge.
12.Through a bores in the frame lubricating oil is led to camshafts bearings.
Lubricating oil pump

The lubricating oil pump, which is of the gear wheel type, is mounted on the
front-end box of the engine and is driven by the crankshaft.
2021-10-07 - en
Lubricating oil cooler

As standard the lubricating oil cooler is of the plate type. The cooler is moun-
ted on the front-end box.
Thermostatic valve
The thermostatic valve is a fully automatic three-way valve with thermostatic
Description
elements set of fixed temperature.
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 3 (4)
1683379-9.8
Built-on full-flow depth filter

The built-on lubricating oil filter is of the duplex paper cartridge type. It is a
depth filter with a nominel fineness of 10-15 microns, and a safety filter with a
fineness of 60 microns.
Centrifugal by-pass filter

As standard the engine is equipped with a centrifugal by-pass filter.
This filter removes contaminants through centrifugal force, and is used as an
indicator on the correct use of the external separator units.
The cleaning intervals is according to "Planned maintenance programme, see
D 10 36 0 /500.25/500.26". The sludge amount must be measured either by
means of weight or thickness and noted for reference.
If the centrifugal by-pass filter is building up deposits quickly, it is a sign on
that the external separator unit is working poorly.
Pre-lubricating
As standard the engine is equipped with an electric-driven pre-lubricating
pump mounted parallel to the main pump. The pump is arranged for auto-
matic operation, ensuring stand-still of the pre-lubricating pump when the en-
gine is running, and running during engine stand-still in stand-by position by
the engine control system.
Draining of the oil sump

It is recommended to use the separator suction pipe for draining of the lubric-
ating oil sump.
Oil level switches

The oil level is automatically monitored by level switches giving alarm if the
level is out of range.
Data
For heat dissipation and pump capacities, see D 10 05 0 "List of capacities".
Operation levels for temperature and pressure are stated in B 19 00 0 "Oper-
2021-10-07 - en
ating Data and Set Points".

27021610192364811
Description
4 (4) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Crankcase ventilation
1699270-8.8
The crankcase ventilation is not to be directly connected with any other piping
system. It is preferable that the crankcase ventilation pipe from each engine is
led independently to the open air. The outlet is to be fitted with corrosion res-
istant flame screen separately for each engine.
2021-05-21 - en
Figure 1: Crankcase ventilation
However, if a manifold arrangement is used, its arrangements are to be as fol-

lows:
Description
1) The vent pipe from each engine is to run independently to the manifold
and be fitted with corrosion resistant flame screen within the manifold.
8/32DF 1 (2)
2) The manifold is to be located as high as practicable so as to allow a

1699270-8.8
substantial length of piping, which separates the crankcase on the indi-

vidual engines.
3) The manifold is to be vented to the open air, so that the vent outlet is
fitted with corrosion resistant flame screen, and the clear open area of
the vent outlet is not less than the aggregate area of the individual
crankcase vent pipes entering the manifold.
45036001564433291
4) The manifold is to be provided with drainage arrangement.
The ventilation pipe must be designed to eliminate the risk of water condensa-
tion in the pipe flowing back into the engine and should end in the open air:
▪ The connection between engine (C13 / C30) and the ventilation pipe must
be flexible.
▪ The ventilation pipe must be made with continuous upward slope of min-
imum 5°, even when the ship heel or trim (static inclination).
▪ A continuous drain must be installed near the engine. The drain must be
led back to the sludge tank.
Engine Nominal diameter ND (mm)

A B C
L16/24, L16/24S 50 65
L21/31, L21/31S, L21/31 Mk 2 65 40 80
L23/30H**, L23/30S** 50 - 65
L23/30DF, L23/30H***, 50 25 65
L23/30H Mk 2, L23/30H Mk 3
L27/38, L27/38S 100 - 100
L28/32DF 50 40 65
L28/32H**, L28/32S** 50 - 65
L28/32H***, L28/32S*** 50 40 65
V28/32H 100 - 125
V28/32DF 100 - 125
V28/32S 100 - 125
Turbo application : ** NR, *** TCR

Table 1: Pipe diameters for crankcase ventilation
45036001564433291
2021-05-21 - en
▪ Dimension of the flexible connection, see pipe diameters in table 1.

▪ Dimension of the ventilation pipe after the flexible connection, see pipe
diameters in table 1.
The crankcase ventilation flow rate varies over time, from the engine is new/
Description
major overhauled, until it is time to overhaul the engine again.

The crankcase ventilation flow rate is in the range of 3.5 – 5.0 ‰ of the com-
bustion air flow rate [m³/h] at 100 % engine load.
2 (2) 8/32DF
If the combustion air flow rate at 100 % engine load is stated in [kg/h] this can
1699270-8.8
be converted to [m³/h] with the following formula (Tropic Reference Condi-
tion) :
Example :
Engine with a mechanical output of 880 kW and combustion air consumption
of 6000 [kg/h] corresponds to :
The crankcase ventilation flow rate will then be in the range of 19.2 – 27.4
[m³/h]
The maximum crankcase pressure measured at 100% engine load must not
exceed 3.0 (mbar) = 30 (mmWc). Normal values 8–18 mmWC. See work card
M5031101.
2021-05-21 - en
Description
8/32DF 3 (2)
1699270-8.8
45036001564433291
2021-05-21 - en
Description
8/32DF
Lubricating oil (SAE 40) specification for residual fuel operation (HFO)
General
The specific output achieved by modern diesel engines combined with the
use of fuels that satisfy the quality requirements more and more frequently in-
crease the demands on the performance of the lubricating oil which must
therefore be carefully selected.
Medium alkalinity lubricating oils have a proven track record as lubricants for
the moving parts and turbocharger cylinder and for cooling the pistons. Lub-
ricating oils of medium alkalinity contain additives that, in addition to other
properties, ensure a higher neutralization reserve than with fully compounded
engine oils (HD oils).
International specifications do not exist for medium alkalinity lubricating oils. A
test operation is therefore necessary for a corresponding long period in ac-
cordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Only lubricating oils that have been approved by may be used.
The list of the currently approved lubricating oils is available at https://corpor-
ate.man-es.com/lubrication.
Specifications
Base oil The base oil (doped lubricating oil = base oil + additives) must have a narrow
distillation range and be refined using modern methods. If it contains paraffins,
they must not impair the thermal stability or oxidation stability.
The base oil must comply with the limit values in the table below, particularly
in terms of its resistance to ageing:
Properties/Characteristics Unit Test method Limit value
Make-up – – Ideally paraffin based
Low-temperature behaviour, still flowable °C ASTM D 2500 –15
Flash point (Cleveland) °C ASTM D 92 > 200
Ash content (oxidised ash) Weight % ASTM D 482 < 0.02
Coke residue (according to Conradson) Weight % ASTM D 189 < 0.50
Insoluble n-heptane Weight % ASTM D 4055 < 0.2

or DIN 51592
2021-11-17 - de
Evaporation loss Weight % - <2

Table 1: Target values for base oils
Medium alkalinity lubricat- The prepared oil (base oil with additives) must have the following properties:
ing oil
Additives The additives must be dissolved in oil and their composition must ensure that
as little ash as possible is left over after combustion, even if the engine is pro-
visionally operated with distillate fuel.
General, D010.000.023-11-0001 1 (5)

The ash must be soft. If this prerequisite is not met, it is likely the rate of de-
position in the combustion chamber will be higher, particularly at the outlet
valves and at the turbocharger inlet housing. Hard additive ash promotes pit-
ting of the valve seats, and causes valve burn-out, it also increases mechan-
ical wear of the cylinder liners.
Additives must not increase the rate, at which the filter elements in the active
or used condition are blocked.
Washing ability The washing ability must be high enough to prevent the accumulation of tar
and coke residue as a result of fuel combustion. The lubricating oil must not
absorb the deposits produced by the fuel.
Dispersion capability The selected dispersibility must be such that commercially-available lubricat-
ing oil cleaning systems can remove harmful contaminants from the oil used,
i.e. the oil must possess good filtering properties and separability.
Neutralisation capability The neutralisation capability (ASTM D2896) must be high enough to neutralise
the acidic products produced during combustion. The reaction time of the ad-
ditive must be harmonised with the process in the combustion chamber.
For tips on selecting the base number, refer to the table entitled Base number
to be used for various operating conditions.
Evaporation tendency The evaporation tendency must be as low as possible as otherwise the oil
consumption will be adversely affected.
Additional requirements The lubricating oil must not contain viscosity index improver. Fresh oil must
not contain water or other contaminants.
Lubricating oil selection

Engine SAE class

16/24, 21/31, 27/38, 28/32S, 32/40, 32/44, 35/44DF, 40/54, 40
45/60, 48/60, 58/64, 51/60DF
Table 2: Viscosity (SAE class) of lubricating oils
Neutralisation properties Lubricating oils with medium alkalinity and a range of neutralization capabilities
(BN) (BN) are available on the market. At the present level of knowledge, an interre-
lation between the expected operating conditions and the BN number can be
established. However, the operating results are still the overriding factor in de-
termining which BN number provides the most efficient engine operation.
Table Base number to be used for various operating conditions indicates the
relationship between the anticipated operating conditions and the BN num-
ber.
Approx. BN Engines/operating conditions
2021-11-17 - de
of fresh oil
(mg KOH/g oil)
20 Marine diesel oil (MDO) of a lower quality and with a high sulphur content or residual fuel with a
sulphur content of less than 0.50%
30 generally 23/30H and 28/32H. 23/30A, 28/32A and 28/32S under normal operating conditions.
For engines 16/24, 21/31, 27/38, 32/40, 32/44CR, 32/44K, 40/54, 48/60 as well as 58/64 and
51/60DF operating with 100% HFO with a sulphur content < 1.5% only.
2 (5) General, D010.000.023-11-0001

Approx. BN Engines/operating conditions

of fresh oil
(mg KOH/g oil)
40 Under unfavourable operating conditions and where the corresponding requirements for the oil
service life and cleaning capacity exist, 23/30A, 28/32A and 28/32S.
In general 16/24, 21/31, 27/38, 32/40, 32/44CR, 32/44K, 40/54, 48/60 as well as 58/64 and
51/60DF for operation with residual fuel, provided the sulphur content is over 1.5%.
50 32/40, 32/44CR, 32/44K, 40/54, 48/60 and 58/64, if the oil service life or engine cleanliness is
insufficient with a BN number of 40 (high sulphur content of fuel, extremely low lubricating oil
consumption).
Table 3: Base number to be used for various operating conditions
Operation with low-sulphur To comply with the emissions regulations, the sulphur content of fuels used
fuel nowadays varies. Fuels with low-sulphur content must be used in environ-
mentally-sensitive areas (e.g. SECA). Fuels with higher sulphur content may
be used outside SECA zones. In this case, the BN number of the lube oil se-
lected must satisfy the requirements for operation using fuel with high-sulphur
content. A lube oil with low BN number may only be selected if fuel with a low
sulphur content is used exclusively during operation.
However, the practical results demonstrate that the most efficient engine op-
eration is the factor ultimately determining the permitted additive content.
Cylinder lubricating oil In engines with separate cylinder lubrication systems, the pistons and cylinder
liners are supplied with lubricating oil via a separate lubricating oil pump. The
quantity of lubricating oil is set at the factory according to the quality of the
fuel to be used and the anticipated operating conditions.
Use a lubricating oil for the cylinder and lubricating circuit as specified above.
Oil for mechanical/hydraulic Multigrade oil 5W40 should ideally be used in mechanical-hydraulic controllers
speed governors with a separate oil sump, unless the technical documentation for the speed
governor specifies otherwise. If this oil is not available when filling, 15W40 oil
may be used instead in exceptional cases. In this case, it makes no difference
whether synthetic or mineral-based oils are used.
The military specification applied for these oils is NATO O-236.
Experience with the drive engine L27/38 has shown that the operating tem-
perature of the Woodward controller UG10MAS and corresponding actuator
for UG723+ can reach temperatures higher than 93 °C. In these cases, we re-
commend using synthetic oil such as Castrol Alphasyn HG150.
Hydraulic oil for engines Hydraulic oil HLP 46 (DIN 51502) or ISO VG 46 (DIN 51519) must be used ac-
with VVT controller cording to the specification DIN 51524-2. Mixing hydraulic oils from different
manufacturers is not permitted.
Lubricating oil additives The use of other additives with the lubricating oil, or the mixing of different
2021-11-17 - de
brands (oils by different manufacturers and different brands of the same man-
ufacturer), is not permitted as this may impair the performance of the existing
additives which have been carefully harmonised with each another, and also
specially tailored to the base oil.

Oil during operation There are no prescribed oil change intervals for medium speed engines. The
oil properties must be analysed monthly. The oil must therefore be suitable for
the intended purpose and meet the defined limit values as per the table. If this
is the case, the oil can continue to be used. See table Limit values for used
lube oil.
The quality can only be maintained if it is purified via a separator or an other-
wise suitable device.
General, D010.000.023-11-0001 3 (5)

Temporary operation with Due to current and future emissions regulations, the use of residual fuel in
distillate fuel designated areas is not possible. Instead of this, a low-sulphur diesel fuel
must be used in these areas.
If the duration of the operation with low-sulphur diesel fuel is limited to less
than 1,000 h, a lubricating oil that is intended for residual fuel operation (BN
30–55 mg KOH/g) can continue to be used during this time.
If the temporary operation with low-sulphur diesel fuel lasts longer than
1,000 h and is then operated with residual fuel again after that, a lubricating oil
with a BN of 20 must be used. If the BN 20 lubricating oil is from the same
manufacturer as the lubricating oil used in the HFO operation with high BN (40
or 50), no oil change is required for the switch. It is sufficient to use BN 20 oil
to top up the used lubricating oil.
If you want to use residual fuel again, you must switch back in good time to a
lubricating oil with a higher BN (30–55). If the lubricating oil with the higher BN
is from the same manufacturer as the BN 20, the switch can also be made
without changing oil. To do this, approx. 2 weeks before operating again with
residual fuel, use the lubricating oil with the higher BN (30–55) to top up the
consumed lubricating oil.
Limit value Procedure
Viscosity at 40 °C 110–220 mm²/s ASTM D7042, ASTM D445,
DIN EN 16896 or ISO 3104
Base number (BN) at least 50 % of fresh oil ISO 3771
Flash point (PM) at least 185 °C ISO 2719
Water content max. 0.2 % (max. 0.5 % for brief periods) DIN 51777 or ASTM D6304
n-heptane insoluble max. 1.5 % DIN 51592 or IP 316
Metal content dependent on engine type and operating –

conditions
Guide value only

Fe max. 50 ppm
Cr max. 10 ppm
Cu max. 15 ppm ASTM D5185 or DIN 51399-1
Pb max. 20 ppm
Sn max. 10 ppm
Al max. 20 ppm
Table 4: Limit values for used lube oil
2021-11-17 - de
Tests
A monthly analysis of lube oil samples is mandatory for safe engine operation.
We can analyse fuel for customers in the PrimeServLab.

NOTICE No liability assumed if these oils are used

does not assume liability for problems that occur when using these
oils.
4 (5) General, D010.000.023-11-0001

2021-11-17 - de
234187182382793227
General, D010.000.023-11-0001
010.000.023-11
5 (5)
234187182382793227
010.000.023-11
General, D010.000.023-11-0001
2021-11-17 - de
Lubricating oil (SAE 40) specification for operation with DMA/DMB, DFA,
DFB
General
The specific output achieved by modern diesel engines combined with the
use of fuels that satisfy the quality requirements more and more frequently in-
crease the demands on the performance of the lubricating oil which must
therefore be carefully selected.
Doped lubricating oils (HD oils) have a proven track record as lubricants for
the drive, cylinder, turbocharger and also for cooling the piston. Doped lubric-
ating oils contain additives that, amongst other things, ensure dirt absorption
capability, cleaning of the engine and the neutralisation of acidic combustion
products.
Only lubricating oils that have been approved by may be used. These are lis-
ted in the tables below.
Specifications
Base oil The base oil (doped lubricating oil = base oil + additives) must have a narrow
distillation range and be refined using modern methods. If it contains paraffins,
they must not impair the thermal stability or oxidation stability.
Lubricating oil (SAE 40) specification for operation with DMA/DMB, DFA, DFB
The base oil must comply with the limit values below, particularly in terms of
its resistance to ageing.
Properties/characteristics Unit Test method Limit value
Structure – – Preferably on paraffin basis
Cold behaviour, still fluid °C ASTM D2500 -15
Flash point (Cleveland) °C ASTM D92 > 200
Ash content (oxidised ash) weight % ASTM D482 < 0.02
Coke residue (according to Conradson) weight % ASTM D189 < 0.50
Insoluble n-heptane weight % ASTM D4055 < 0.2

or DIN 51592
Evaporation loss weight % - <2

Table 1: Target value for base oils
Doped lube oils (HD oils) The base oil which has been mixed with additives (doped lube oil) must have
2021-05-25 - de
the following properties:

Additives The additives must be dissolved in the oil, and their composition must ensure
that as little ash as possible remains after combustion.
The ash must be soft. If this prerequisite is not met, it is likely the rate of de-
position in the combustion chamber will be higher, particularly at the outlet
valves and at the turbocharger inlet housing. Hard additive ash promotes pit-
ting of the valve seats, and causes valve burn-out, it also increases mechan-
ical wear of the cylinder liners.
Additives must not increase the rate, at which the filter elements in the active
or used condition are blocked.
General, D010.000.023-07-0001 1 (4)

Washing ability The washing ability must be high enough to prevent the accumulation of tar
and coke residue as a result of fuel combustion.
Dispersion capability The selected dispersibility must be such that commercially-available lubricat-
ing oil cleaning systems can remove harmful contaminants from the oil used,
i.e. the oil must possess good filtering properties and separability.
Neutralisation capability The neutralisation capability (ASTM D2896) must be high enough to neutralise
the acidic products produced during combustion. The reaction time of the ad-
ditive must be harmonised with the process in the combustion chamber.
Evaporation tendency The evaporation tendency must be as low as possible as otherwise the oil
consumption will be adversely affected.
Additional requirements The lubricating oil must not contain viscosity index improver. Fresh oil must
not contain water or other contaminants.
Lubricating oil selection

Engine SAE class
16/24, 21/31, 27/38, 28/32S, 32/40, 32/44, 35/44DF, 40/54, 40
45/60, 48/60, 58/64, 51/60DF
Table 2: Viscosity (SAE class) of lubricating oils
Doped oil quality We recommend doped lube oils (HD oils) according to the international spe-
cifications MIL-L 2104 or API-CD with a base number of BN 10–16 mg KOH/
g. Lube oils according to the military specification O-278 can be used if they
are included in the current list of approved lube oils under https://corpor-
ate.man-es.com/lubrication. Lube oils not included in the list may only be
used following consultation with .
The operating conditions of the engine and the quality of the fuel determine
the additive fractions the lube oil should contain. If marine diesel oil with a high
sulfur content of 1.0 up to 1.5 weight % is used, a base number (BN) of ap-
prox. 20 should be selected. However, the operating results that ensure the
most efficient engine operation ultimately determine the additive content.
Cylinder lubricating oil In engines with separate cylinder lubrication systems, the pistons and cylinder
liners are supplied with lubricating oil via a separate lubricating oil pump. The
quantity of lubricating oil is set at the factory according to the quality of the
fuel to be used and the anticipated operating conditions.
Use a lubricating oil for the cylinder and lubricating circuit as specified above.
Oil for mechanical/hydraulic Multigrade oil 5W40 should ideally be used in mechanical-hydraulic controllers
speed governors with a separate oil sump, unless the technical documentation for the speed
governor specifies otherwise. If this oil is not available when filling, 15W40 oil
2021-05-25 - de
may be used instead in exceptional cases. In this case, it makes no difference

whether synthetic or mineral-based oils are used.
The military specification applied for these oils is NATO O-236.
Experience with the drive engine L27/38 has shown that the operating tem-
perature of the Woodward controller UG10MAS and corresponding actuator
for UG723+ can reach temperatures higher than 93 °C. In these cases, we re-
commend using synthetic oil such as Castrol Alphasyn HG150.
2 (4) General, D010.000.023-07-0001

Lubricating oil additives The use of other additives with the lubricating oil, or the mixing of different
brands (oils by different manufacturers and different brands of the same man-
ufacturer), is not permitted as this may impair the performance of the existing
additives which have been carefully harmonised with each another, and also
specially tailored to the base oil.
Selection of lubricating oils/ Most of the oil manufacturers are in close regular contact with engine manu-
warranty facturers, and can therefore provide information on which oil in their specific
product range has been approved by the engine manufacturer for the particu-
lar application. Irrespective of the above, the lubricating oil manufacturers are
in any case responsible for the quality and characteristics of their products. If
you have any questions, we will be happy to provide you with further informa-
tion.
Oil during operation There are no prescribed oil change intervals for medium speed engines. The
oil properties must be analysed monthly. The oil must therefore be suitable for
the intended purpose and meet the defined limit values as per the table. If this
is the case, the oil can continue to be used. See table Limit values for used
lube oil.
The quality can only be maintained if it is purified via a separator or an other-
wise suitable device.
Tests
A monthly analysis of lube oil samples is mandatory for safe engine operation.
We can analyse fuel for customers in the PrimeServLab.

the environment.
The list of the currently approved lubricating oils is available at https://corpor-

ate.man-es.com/lubrication.
NOTICE No liability assumed if these oils are used

does not assume liability for problems that occur when using these
2021-05-25 - de
oils.

Viscosity at 40 °C 110 – 220 mm²/s ASTM D7042, ASTM D445,
DIN EN 16896 or ISO 3104
Base number (BN) at least 50 % of the fresh oil ISO 3771
Flash point (PM) min. 185 °C ISO 2719
Water content max. 0.20 % (max. 0.5 % for brief DIN 51777 or ASTM D6304
periods)
General, D010.000.023-07-0001 3 (4)


n-heptane insoluble max. 1.5 % DIN 51592 or IP 316
Metal content dependent on engine type and oper- –

ating conditions
Guide value only .

Fe max. 50 ppm
Cr max. 10 ppm
Cu max. 15 ppm ASTM D5185 or DIN 51399-1
Pb max. 20 ppm
Sn max. 10 ppm
Al max. 20 ppm
For operation with bio-fuels: max. 12 % FT-IR

proportion of bio-fuel
Table 3: Limit values for used lubricating oil
234187182382761739
2021-05-25 - de
4 (4) General, D010.000.023-07-0001

Prelubricating pump
1655289-8.11
General
The engine is as standard equipped with an electrically driven pump for pre-
lubricating before starting.
The pump is self-priming.
The engine must always be prelubricated 2 minutes prior to start if the auto-
matic continuous prelubricating has been switched off.
The automatic control of prelubricating must be made by the customer or can
be ordered fra MAN Energy Solutions.
The voltage for the automatic control must be supplied from the emergency
switchboard in order to secure post- and prelubrication in case of a critical
situation. The engines can be restarted within 20 minutes after prelubrication
has failed.
Electric motor 3x380 V, 50 Hz

Engine type No. of cyl. Pump type m3/h rpm kW Start current Full-load cur-
Amp. rent Amp.
Make: IMO
L16/24 5-6-7-8-9 Type: 2.15 2755 0.55 6.0 1.3
ACD025N6 NVBP
45036002642529547
Electric motor 230/400 V, 50 Hz

Amp. rent Amp.
Make:
L21/31 5-6-7-8-9 Type: 6.9 2905 3.0 74.2 10.6
R35/40 FL-Z-DB-SO
Make:
L27/38 5-6-7-8-9 Type: 6.9 2905 3.0 74.2 10.6
R35/40 FL-Z-DB-SO
45036002642529547
Electric motor 3x440 V, 60 Hz

Amp. rent Amp.
2021-10-07 - en
Make: IMO
Prelubricating pump
L16/24 5-6-7-8-9 Type: 2.57 3321 0.75 7.0 1.4

ACD025N6 NVBP
45036002642529547

Description
Amp. rent Amp.

Make:
L21/31 5-6-7-8-9 Type: 8.3 3505 3.45 42.7 6.1
R35/40 FL-Z-DB-SO
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S 1 (2)

m3/h
1655289-8.11
Engine type No. of cyl. Pump type rpm kW Start current Full-load cur-
Amp. rent Amp.
Make:
L27/38 5-6-7-8-9 Type: 8.3 3505 3.45 42.7 6.1
R35/40 FL-Z-DB-SO
45036002642529547
2021-10-07 - en
Prelubricating pump
Description
2 (2) L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S
Specific lubricating oil consumption - SLOC
1607584-6.13
General
1)
Engine type RPM SLOC [g/kWh] Max. [l/cyl 24h]
L16/24, L16/24S 1000/1200 0.4 - 0.8 2.5
L21/31, L21/31 Mk2, L21/31S 900/1000 0.4 - 0.8 5.0
L23/30H, L23/30DF, L23/30S-DF 720/750 0.4 - 0.8 2.9
L23/30H Mk2, L23/30S 720/750 0.4 - 0.8 3.2
L23/30H Mk3 720/750 0.4 - 0.8 3.8
L23/30H, L23/30DF, L23/30S-DF, L23/30A 900 0.4 - 0.8 3.6
L23/30H Mk2, L23/30S 900 0.4 - 0.8 4.0
L23/30H Mk3 900 0.4 - 0.8 4.5
L27/38, L27/38S (330/340 kW/cyl) 720/750/800 0.4 - 0.8 7.5
L27/38 (350/365 kW/cyl) 720/750/800 0.4 - 0.8 8.2
L28/32H, L28/32S, L28/32DF, L28/32S-DF 720/750 0.4 - 0.8 4.7
L28/32A 775 0.4 - 0.8 5.5
V28/32S 720/750 0.4 - 0.8 5.2
In the Engine performance data calculation program MAN-Projedat the figures

0.6+20% g/kWh are used as an average SLOC value for calculation of Opera-
tion Expenses (OPEX), “Total cost of ownership” etc. When the engine is new
or newly overhauled the SLOC can be lower than 0.4 g/kWh without causing

concerns.
Increased SLOC values might be observed just before overhaul. Note “1) Max
Lubrication oil consumption per cyl per 24 hours”
Description
Please note
▪ Only maximum continuous rating (PMCR (kW)) should be used in order to
evaluate the SLOC.
▪ During engine running-in the SLOC may exceed the values stated.
2021-03-17 - en
The following formula is used to calculate the SLOC:

Description
In order to evaluate the correct engine SLOC, the following circumstances

must be noticed and subtracted from the engine SLOC:
A1:
L21/31-Mk2;L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31S;L23/30A;L23/30H;L23/30H-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32A;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S;L28/32DF;L28/32S-DF,
1440000, 540000 1 (3)
▪ Desludging interval and sludge amount from the lubricating oil separator
(or automatic lubricating oil filters). The expected lubricating oil content of
1607584-6.13
the sludge amount is 30%.

The following does also have an influence on the SLOC and must be con-
sidered in the SLOC evaluation:
A2:
▪ Lubricating oil evaporation
▪ Lubricating oil leakages
▪ Lubricating oil losses at lubricating oil filter exchange
The lubricating oil density, ρ @ 15°C must be known in order to convert ρ to
the present lubricating oil temperature in the base frame. The following for-
mula is used to calculate ρ:
The engine maximum continuous design rating (PMCR) must always be used in
order to be able to compare the individual measurements, and the running
hours since the last lubricating oil adding must be used in the calculation. Due
to inaccuracy *) at adding lubricating oil, the SLOC can only be evaluated after
1,000 running hours or more, where only the average values of a number of
lubricating oil addings are representative.
NOTICE
*) A deviation of ± 1 mm with the dipstick measurement must be ex-
pected, which corresponds uptill ± 0.1 g/kWh, depending on the en-
gine type.
2021-03-17 - en
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
2 (3) 1440000, 540000
1607584-6.13
2021-03-17 - en
54043203599621515
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
1440000, 540000 3 (3)
1607584-6.13
54043203599621515
2021-03-17 - en
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
1440000, 540000
Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil
1643494-3.13
General
During operation of trunk engines the lubricating oil will gradually be contamin-
ated by small particles originating from the combustion.
Engines operated on heavy fuels will normally increase the contamination due
to the increased content of carbon residues and other contaminants.
Contamination of lubricating oil with either freshwater or seawater can also
occur.
A certain amount of contaminants can be kept suspended in the lubricating oil
without affecting the lubricating properties.
The condition of the lubricating oil must be kept under observation (on a regu-
lar basis) by analyzing oil samples. See Section B 12 15 0 / 504.04 "Criteria
for Cleaning/Exchange of Lubricating Oil".
The condition of the lubricating oil can be maintained / re-established by ex-
changing the lubricating oil at fixed intervals or based on analyzing oil
samples.
The moving parts in the engine are protected by the built-on lubricating oil fil-
ter.
Operation on Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) & Marine Gas Oil (MGO)
For engines exclusively operated on MDO/MGO we recommend to install a
built-on centrifugal filter as an additional filter to the built-on lubricating oil filter.
It is advisable to run bypass cleaning equipment continuously for engines op-
erated on MDO/MGO.

Operation on Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
HFO-operated engines require effective lubricating oil cleaning. In order to en-
sure a safe operation it is necessary to use supplementary cleaning equip-
ment together with the built-on lubricating oil filter.
Built-on centrifugal filter is mandatory
It is also mandatory to run cleaning equipment continuously for engines oper-
ated on HFO, as an optimal lubricating oil treatment is fundamental for a reli-
able working condition. Therefore it is mandatory to clean the lubricating oil
with a bypass cleaning equipment, so that the wear rates are reduced and the
2021-03-12 - en
lifetime of the engine is extended.
Bypass cleaning equipment

As a result of normal operation, the lubricating oil contains abraded particles
and combustion residues which have to be removed by the bypass cleaning
system and to a certain extent by the built-on lubricating oil filter as well.
Description
With automatic mesh filters this can result in an undesirable and hazardous
continuous flushing. In view of the high cost of cleaning equipment for remov-
ing micro impurities, this equipment is only rated for a certain proportion of the
oil flowing through the engine since it is installed in a bypass.
L21/31-
Mk2;L28/32A;L23/30A;L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31S;L23/30H;L23/30H-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S;L28/32DF;L28/32S-DF 1 (4)
The bypass cleaning equipment is operate continuously when the engine is in

1643494-3.13
operation or at standstill.
For cleaning of lubricating oil the following bypass cleaning equipment can be
used:
▪ Separator unit
▪ Decanter unit
▪ Self cleaning automatic bypass mesh filter
▪ Built-on centrifugal bypass filter (standard on MAN Energy Solutions,
Holeby GenSets)
▪ Bypass depth filter
The decanter unit, the self-cleaning automatic bypass mesh filter and the by-
pass depth filter capacity must be adjusted according to maker’s recom-
mendations.
If the selected bypass cleaning equipment cannot remove water it is recom-
mended to have portable separator available.
In case full flow filtration equipment is chosen, this must only be installed as
in-line cleaning upstream to the built-on lubricating oil filter.
The most appropriate type of equipment for a particular application depends
on the engine output, the type and amount of combustion residues, the an-
nual operating time and the operating mode of the plant. Even with a relatively
low number of operating hours there can be a great deal of combustion
residues if, for instance, the engine is inadequately preheated and quickly ac-
celerated and loaded.
Check of lubricating oil system

For cleaning of the lubricating oil system after overhauls and inspection of the
lubricating oil piping system the following checks must be carried out:
1. Examine the piping system for leaks.

2. Retighten all bolts and nuts in the piping system.
3. Move all valves and cocks in the piping system. Lubricate valve spindles
with graphite or similar.
4. Blow through drain pipes.
5. Check flexible connections for leaks and damages.
6. Check manometers and thermometers for possible damages.
7. Engines running at HFO, will as standard be delivered with centrifugal by-
pass filter mounted on engine. Centrifugal by-pass filter can be used as
2021-03-12 - en
indicator of lubricating oil system condition.

Define a cleaning interval (ex. 100 hours). Check the sludge weight. If the
sludge weight is raising please check separator and lubricating oil system
condition in general.
Deterioration of oil
Description
Oil seldomly loses its ability to lubricate, i.e. to form a friction-decreasing oil
film, but it may become corrosive to the steel journals of the bearings in such
a way that the surface of these journals becomes too rough and wipes the
bearing surface.
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
2 (4) DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S;L28/32DF;L28/32S-DF
In that case the bearings must be renewed, and the journals must also be pol-
1643494-3.13
ished. The corrosiveness of the lubricating oil is either due to far advanced ox-
idation of the oil itself (TAN) or to the presence of inorganic acids (SAN). In
both cases the presence of water will multiply the effect, especially sea water
as the chloride ions act as an inorganic acid.
Signs of deterioration
If circulating oil of inferior quality is used and the oxidative influence becomes
grave, prompt action is necessary as the last stages in the deterioration will
develop surprisingly quickly, within one or two weeks. Even if this seldomly
happens, it is wise to be acquainted with the signs of deterioration.
These may be some or all of the following:
▪ Sludge precipitation in the separator unit multiplies
▪ Smell of oil becomes acrid or pungent
▪ Machined surfaces in the crankcase become coffee-brown with a thin
layer of lacquer
▪ Paint in the crankcase peels off or blisters
▪ Excessive carbon is formed in the piston cooling chamber
In a grave case of oil deterioration the system must be cleaned thoroughly
and refilled with new oil.
Oxidation of oils
At normal service temperature the rate of oxidation is insignificant, but the fol-
lowing factors will accelerate the process:
High temperature
If the coolers are ineffective, the temperature level will generally rise. A high

temperature will also arise in electrical pre-heaters if the circulation is not con-
tinued for 5 minutes after the heating has been stopped, or if the heater is
only partly filled with oil.
Catalytic action
Oxidation of the oil will be accelerated considerably if catalytic particles are
present in the oil. Wear particles of copper are especially harmful, but also fer-
rous particles and rust are active. Furthermore, the lacquer and varnish oxida-
tion products of the oil itself have an accelerating effect. Continuous cleaning
of the oil is therefore important to keep the sludge content low.
Water washing
2021-03-12 - en
Water washing of HD oils (heavy duty) must not be carried out.
Water in the oil

If the TAN is low, a minor increase in the fresh water content of the oil is not
immediately detrimental while the engine is in operation. Naturally, it should be
brought down again as quickly as possible (below 0.2% water content, which
Description
is permissible, see description "B 12 15 0/504.04 criteria for exchange of lube

oil”). If the engine is stopped while corrosion conditions are unsatisfactory, the
crankshaft must be turned ½ - ¾ revolution once every hour by means of the
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
turning gear. Please make sure that the crankshaft stops in different positions,
1643494-3.13
to prevent major damage to bearings and journals. The lubricating oil must be
circulated and separated continuously to remove water.
Water in the oil may be noted by steam formation on the sight glasses, by ap-
pearance, or ascertained by immersing a piece of glass or a soldering iron
heated to 200-300°C in an oil sample. If there is a hissing sound, water is
present. If a large quantity of water has entered the lubricating oil system, it
has to be removed. Either by sucking up sediment water from the bottom, or
by replacing the oil in the sump. An oil sample must be analysed immediately
for chloride ions.
99079196567195659
2021-03-12 - en
Description
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
Criteria for cleaning/exchange of lubricating oil
1609533-1.11
Replacement of lubricating oil
The expected lubricating oil lifetime in operation is difficult to determine. The
lubricating oil lifetime is depending on the fuel oil quality, the lubricating oil
quality, the lubricating oil consumption, the lubricating oil cleaning equipment
efficiency and the engine operational conditions.
In order to evaluate the lubricating oil condition a sample should be drawn on
regular basis at least once every three month or depending on the latest ana-
lysis result. The lubricating oil sample must be drawn before the filter at engine
in operation. The sample bottle must be clean and dry, supplied with sufficient
identification and should be closed immediately after filling. The lubricating oil
sample must be examined in an approved laboratory or in the lubricating oil
suppliers own laboratory.
A lubricating oil replacement or an extensive lubricating oil cleaning is required
when the MAN Energy Solutions exchange criteria's have been reached.
Evaluation of the lubricating oil condition

Based on the analysis results, the following guidance are normally sufficient
for evaluating the lubricating oil condition. The parameters themselves can not
be jugded alonestanding, but must be evaluated together in order to conclude
the lubricating oil condition.
1. Viscosity
Limit value:

Normal value min. value max. value
SAE 30 [cSt@40° C] 95 - 125 75 160
SAE 30 [cSt@100° C] 11 - 13 9 15
SAE 40 [cSt@40° C] 135 - 165 100 220
SAE 40 [cSt@100° C] 13.5 - 15.0 11 19
Unit : cSt (mm2/s)

Possible test : ASTM D-445, DIN51562/53018, ISO 3104
method
2021-03-12 - en
Increasing viscosity indicates problems with insolubles, HFO contamination,

water contamination, oxidation, nitration and low load operation. Decreasing
viscosity is generally due to dilution with lighter viscosity oil.
2. Flash point
Description
Min. value : 185° C

Possible test : ASTM D-92, ISO 2719
method
Normally used to indicate fuel dilution.
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
1440000, 540000 1 (3)
1609533-1.11
3. Water content
Max. value : 0.2 %
Unit : Weight %
Possible test : ASTM D4928, ISO 3733
method
Water can originate from separator, contaminated fuel oil, an engine cooling
water leak or in minor amount formed as part of the combustion process. If
water is detected also Sodium, Glycol or Boron content should be checked in
order to confirm engine coolant leaks.
If ship installation have no separator unit it is recommend to have a portable
separator available to remove water.
4. Base number
Min. value : The BN value should not be lower than 50% of fresh lub-
ricating oil value, but minimum BN level never to be lower
than 10-12 at operating on HFO!
Unit : mg KOH/g
Possible test : ASTM D-2896, ISO 3771
method
The neutralization capacity must secure that the acidic combustion products,
mainly sulphur originate from the fuel oil, are neutralized at the lube oil con-
sumption level for the specific engine type. Gradually the BN will be reduced,
but should reach an equilibrium.
5. Total acid number (TAN)

Max. value : 3.0 acc. to fresh oil value
Unit : mg KOH/g
Possible test : ASTM D-664
method
TAN is used to monitor oil degradation and is a measure of the total acids
present in the lubricating oil derived from oil oxidation (weak acids) and acidic
products of fuel combustion (strong acids).
2021-03-12 - en
6. Insolubles content
Max. value : 1.5 % generally, depending upon actual dispersant value
and the increase in viscosity
Unit : Weight %
Description
Possible test : ASTM D-893 procedure B in Heptane, DIN 51592

method
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
2 (3) 1440000, 540000
Additionally test : If the level in n-Heptane insolubles is considered high for
1609533-1.11
the type of oil and application, the test could be followed
by a supplementary determination in Toluene.
Total insolubles is maily derived from products of combustion blown by the

piston rings into the crankcase. It also includes burnt lubricating oil, additive
ash, rust, salt, wear debris and abrasive matter.
7. Metal content
Metal content Remarks Attention limits
Iron Depend upon engine type max. 50 ppm
Chromium and operating conditions max. 10 ppm
Copper max. 15 ppm
Lead max. 20 ppm
Tin max. 10 ppm
Aluminium max. 20 ppm
Silicon max. 20 ppm
45036004296442507

2021-03-12 - en
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
1440000, 540000 3 (3)
1609533-1.11
45036004296442507
2021-03-12 - en
Description
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
1440000, 540000
Separator unit
3700643-9.1
Separator unit
Continuous lubricating oil cleaning during engine operation is mandatory. An
optimal lubricating oil treatment is fundamental for a reliable working condition
of the engine.
If the lubricating oil is circulating without a separator unit in operation, the lub-
ricating oil will gradually be contaminated by products of combustion, water
and/or acid. In some instances cat-fines may also be present.
In order to prolong the lubricating oil lifetime and remove wear elements, wa-
ter and contaminants from the lubricating oil, it is mandatory to use a by-pass
separator unit.
The separator unit will reduce the carbon residue content and other contamin-
ants from combustion on engines operated on HFO, and keep the amount
within MAN Energy Solutions recommendation, on condition that the separ-
ator unit is operated according to MAN Energy Solutions recommendations.
When operating a cleaning device, the following recommendations must be
observed:
▪ The optimum cleaning effect is achieved by keeping the lubricating oil in a
state of low viscosity for a long period in the separator bowl.
▪ Sufficiently low viscosity is obtained by preheating the lubricating oil to a
temperature of 95°C - 98°C, when entering the separator bowl.
▪ The capacity of the separator unit must be adjusted according to MAN
Energy Solutions recommendations.
Slow passage of the lubricating oil through the separator unit is obtained by
using a reduced flow rate and by operating the separator unit 24 hours a day,
stopping only for maintenance, according to maker's recommendation.
Lubricating oil preheating

The installed heater on the separator unit ensures correct lubricating oil tem-
perature during separation. When the engine is at standstill, the heater can be
used for two functions:
▪ The oil from the sump is preheated to 95 – 98 °C by the heater and
cleaned continuously by the separator unit.
▪ The heater can also be used to maintain an oil temperature of at least 40
°C, depending on installation of the lubricating oil system.
2021-03-17 - en
Cleaning capacity
Normally, it is recommended to use a self-cleaning filtration unit in order to
optimize the cleaning period and thus also optimize the size of the filtration
unit. Separator units for manual cleaning can be used when the reduced ef-
Separator unit
fective cleaning time is taken into consideration by dimensioning the separator

unit capacity.
Description
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
3700643-9.1
The centrifuging process in separator bowl

Efficient lubricating oil cleaning relies on the principle that - provided the
through-put is adequate and the treatment is effective - an equilibrium condi-
tion can be reached, where the engine contamination rate is balanced by the
centrifuge separation rate i.e.:
▪ Contaminant quantity added to the lubricating oil per hour = contaminant
quantity removed by the centrifuge per hour.
It is the purpose of the centrifuging process to ensure that this equilibrium
condition is reached, with the lubricating oil insolubles content being as low as
possible.
Since the cleaning efficiency of the centrifuge is largely dependent upon the
flow rate, it is very important that this is optimised.
A centrifuge can be operated at greatly varying flow rates (Q).
Practical experience has revealed that the content of insolubles, before and
after the centrifuge, is related to the flow rate as shown in Fig. 1.
Figure 1: .
Fig. 1 illustrates that the amount of insolubles removed will decrease with
rising flow rate (Q).
It can be seen that:
▪ At low flow rate (Q), only a small portion of the lubricating oil is passing the
centrifuge/hour, but is being cleaned effectively.
▪ At high flow rate (Q), a large quantity of lubricating oil is passing the centri-
fuge/hour, but the cleaning is less effective.
Thus, by correctly adjusting the flow rate, an optimal equilibrium cleaning level
can be obtained (Fig. 2).
2021-03-17 - en
Separator unit
Description
Figure 2: .
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
This minimum contamination level is obtained by employing a suitable flow
3700643-9.1
rate that is only a fraction of the stated maximum capacity of the centrifuge
(see the centrifuge manual).
The most important factor is the particle size (risk of scratching and wear of
the bearing journals). In general the optimum centrifuge flow rate for a deter-
gent lubricating oil is about 25% of the maximum centrifuge capacity.
Operation flow
In order to calculate the required operation flow through the separator unit,
MDT recommends to apply the following formula:
Q = required operation flow [l/h]

P = MCR (maximum continuous rating) [kW]
t = actual effective separator unit separating time per day [hour]
(23.5 h separating time and 0.5 h for sludge discharge = 24
h/day)
n = number of turnovers per day of the theoretical oil volume
corresponding to 1.36 [l/kW] or 1 [l/HP]
The following values for "n" are recommended:
n = 6 for HFO operation (residual)

n = 4 for MDO operation
n = 3 for distillate fuel
Example 1
For multi-engine plants, one separator unit per engine in operation is recom-
mended.
For example, for a 1,000 kW engine operating on HFO and connected to a
self-cleaning separator unit, with a daily effective separating period of 23.5
hours, the calculation is as follows:
2021-03-17 - en
Separator unit
Description
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
3700643-9.1
Figure 3: One separator per engine plant
Example 2 (GenSet)
As an alternative, one common separator unit for three engines can be in-
stalled, with one in reserve if possible.
For the calculation in this example it is necessary include the combined aver-
age power demand of the multi-engine plant. The load profile experienced for
the majority of merchant vessels is that the average power demand is around
43-50% of the total GenSet power installed. With three identical engines this
corresponds to 1.3-1.5 times the power of one engine.
▪ Bulk carrier and tankers : ~1.3 times the power of one engine
▪ Container vessel : ~1.5 times the power of one engine
For example, for a bulk carrier with three 1,000 kW engines operating on HFO
and connected to a common self-cleaning separator unit, with a daily effective
separating period of 23.5 hours, the calculation is as follows:
With an average power demand higher than 50% of the GenSet power in-
stalled, the operation flow must be based on 100% of the GenSet power in-
stalled.
Separator unit installation

With multi-engine plants, one separator unit per engine in operation is recom-
mended (see figure 3), but if only one separator unit is in operation, the follow-
ing layout can be used:
▪ A common separator unit (see figure 4) can be installed, with one in re-
2021-03-17 - en
serve, if possible, for operation of all engines through a pipe system,

which can be carried out in various ways. The aim is to ensure that the
separator unit is only connected to one engine at a time. Thus there will
be no suction and discharging from one engine to another.
Separator unit
It is recommended that inlet and outlet valves are connected so that they can
only be changed over simultaneously.
With only one engine in operation there are no problems with separating, but if
Description
several engines are in operation for some time it is recommended to split up

the separation time in turns on all operating engines.
With 2 out of 3 engines in operation the 23.5 hours separating time must be
split up in around 4-6 hours intervals between changeover.
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
3700643-9.1
1 Interconnected valves
Figure 4: One common separator unit for multi-engine installation
Stokes' law
The operating principles of centrifugal separation are based on Stokes’ Law.
V = settling velocity [m/sec]

rω2 = acceleration in centrifugal field [m/sec2]
d = diameter of particle [m]
ρp = density of particle [kg/m3]
ρl = density of medium [kg/m3]
µ = viscosity of medium [kg/m, sec.]
2021-03-17 - en
The rate of settling (V) for a given capacity is determined by Stokes’ Law. This
expression takes into account the particle size, the difference between density
of the particles and the lubricating oil, and the viscosity of the lubricating oil.
Density and viscosity are important parameters for efficient separation. The
Separator unit
greater the difference in density between the particle and the lubricating oil,
the higher the separation efficiency. The settling velocity increases in inverse
proportion to viscosity. However, since both density and viscosity vary with
Description
temperature, separation temperature is the critical operating parameter.

Particle size is another important factor. The settling velocity increases rapidly
with particle size. This means that the smaller the particle, the more challen-
ging the separation task. In a centrifuge, the term (rω2) represents the centrifu-
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
gal force which is several thousand times greater than the acceleration due to
3700643-9.1
gravitational force. Centrifugal force enables the efficient separation of

particles which are only a few microns in size.
The separation efficiency is a function of:
2021-03-17 - en
Separator unit
Operating parameters
Various operating parameters affect separation efficiency. These include tem-
perature, which controls both lubricating oil viscosity and density, flow rate
Description
and maintenance.
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
3700643-9.1
Temperature of lubricating oil before separator unit
It is often seen that the lubricating oil pre-heaters are undersized, have very
poor temperature control, the steam supply to the pre-heater is limited or the
temperature set point is too low.
Often the heater surface is partly clogged by deposits. These factors all lead
to reduced separation temperature and hence the efficiency of the separator
unit. In order to ensure that the centrifugal forces separate the heavy contam-
inants in the relatively limited time that they are present in the separator bowl,
the separator unit must always be operated with an inlet temperature of
95-98°C for lubricating oil.
A control circuit including a temperature transmitter and a PI-type controller
with accuracy of ±2°C must be installed. If steam-heated, a correctly sized
steam valve should be fitted with the right KvS value. The steam trap must be
a mechanical float type. The most common heaters on board are steam heat-
ers. This is due to the fact that steam in most cases is available at low cost.
Most ships are equipped with an exhaust boiler utilizing the exhaust gases to
generate steam.
A large proportion of smaller tonnage does, however, use electric heaters.
It is essential to keep the incoming oil temperature to the separator unit
steady with only a small variation in temperature allowed (maximum ±2°C).
The position of the interface between oil and water in the separator bowl is a
result of the density and the viscosity of the oil, which in turn depends on the
temperature.
Flow rate
It is known that separation efficiency is a function of the separator unit’s flow
rate. The higher the flow rate, the more particles are left in the oil and there-
fore the lower the separation efficiency. As the flow rate is reduced, the effi-
ciency with which particles are removed increases and cleaning efficiency
thus improves. It is, however, essential to know at what capacity adequate
separation efficiency is reached in the specific case.
In principle, there are three ways to control the flow:
▪ Adjustment of the built-in safety valve on the pump.
This method is NOT recommended since the built-on valve is nothing but
a safety valve.
The opening pressure is often too high and its characteristic far from lin-
ear.
2021-03-17 - en
In addition, circulation in the pump may result in oil emulsions and cavita-
tion in the pump.
▪ A flow regulating valve arrangement on the pressure side of the pump,
which bypasses the separator unit and re-circulates part of the untreated
Separator unit
lubricating oil back to the treated oil return line, from the separator unit
and NOT directly back to the suction side of the pump.
The desired flow rate is set manually by means of the flow regulating
Description
valve. Further, the requirement for backpressure in the clean oil outlet
MUST also be fulfilled, helping to maintain the correct interface position.
▪ Speed control of the pump motor with a frequency converter or a 2-
speed motor.
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
This is a relatively cheap solution today and is a good alternative for flow
control.
3700643-9.1
Maintenance
Proper maintenance is an important, but often overlooked operating para-
meter that is difficult to quantify. If the bowl is not cleaned in time, deposits will
form on the bowl discs, the free channel height will be reduced, and flow velo-
city increases. This further tends to drag particles with the liquid flow towards
the bowl’s centre resulting in decreased separation efficiency.
9007239796128011
2021-03-17 - en
Separator unit
Description
L21/31-
Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L23/30S-
By-pass depth filter
3700509-9.2
General
The lube oil in a trunk diesel engine is constantly contaminated by combustion
blow-by debris, and metal particles. The smaller combustion particles damage
the oil and accelerate oil oxidation, thereby lead to decreased TBN, increased
viscosity and finally lube oil change. However, most harmful to the engine
parts are the solid 3 - 10 micron particles which cause wear, blockage, fa-
tigue and polishing of cylinder liners, camshafts and journals/bearings. Effect-
ive removal of contaminants through an external bypass cleaning system will
add further life to both engine and engine lube oil.
Bypass depth filters are easy to install and the depth filter insert has a very
large dirt holding capacity. The bypass depth filters have low operational costs
and are also almost maintenance free. All fine filter inserts have a 3 μm abso-
lute filtration ratio and will remove particles, water and oil degradation
products in one and the same operation.
The external bypass filter consists of a 3/0,8 (absolute/nominal) micron cellu-
lose based depth filter, a filter supply pump and a frequency converter in-
cluded in the control box The lube oil condition is maintained by filtering the oil
through the external bypass depth filter continuously, when the engine is in
operation as well as in standby. A certain ratio of lube oil circulation through
the filter related to engine output(kW) and oil sump volume is necessary.
When oil temperature is low, a control system will automatically reduce the
pump’s rotation speed. This gives an approximately constant pressure drop
over the filter inserts and thus optimum filter performance. Filter is equipped
with patented back pressure system and continuous air by-pass
When filter inserts are nearly clogged a pre-warning will be present in the unit
control display. When filter inserts are fully clogged the unit will shut down
automatically and inserts needs replacement.
2021-11-03 - en

Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
Mk2;L23/30DF;L27/38;L28/32H;L28/32DF, 1x/2x/3x27/108S - one filter per en-
gine 1 (9)
3700509-9.2
Range of application : Diesel engine lube oils
Test pressure : According to class rule
Nominal width of connection flanges : DN25
Filter to be replaced at a pressure : 2.1 bar
drop
Grade of filtration : 3 μm absolute:
98.7% of all solid particles >3 μm
0.8 μm nominal:
50% of all solid particles > 0.8 μm are re-
tained in each pass.
The dirt holding capacity of one A 27/27 insert is 4 litres of evenly distributed
solids. Filter units for MAN engines according to these guidelines contain 4, 8,
12, 16 pcs filter inserts.
▪ Degradation Products
Oxidation by-products, resin / sludge, and varnish are retained by the cel-
lulose material. The cellulose will retain approx. 4 kg of degradation
products.
▪ Water Removal
The water absorption potential is up to 50% (i.e. 2000 mL H2O) of the
total contaminant holding capacity.
NOTICE
Regardless selection of filter solution will condition of lubrication oil in
engine still have to be evaluated and need to fulfil requirement in de-
scription B 12 15 0 "Criteria for cleaning/exchange of lubrication oil"
2021-11-03 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
2 (9) gine
3700509-9.2
Figure 1: Clean and dirty filter insert
L16/24 - HFO operation

Cylinder Engine power Filter unit Pump flow
[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (1200/1000 rpm) 500/450 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (1200/1000 rpm) 660/570 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
7 (1200/1000 rpm) 770/665 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
8 (1200/1000 rpm) 880/760 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
9 (1200/1000 rpm) 990/855 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
L16/24 - MDO/MGO operation (Exclusively)

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (1200/1000) 500/450 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (1200/1000) 660/570 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
7 (1200/1000) 770/665 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
8 (1200/1000) 880/760 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
9 (1200/1000) 990/855 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240

2021-11-03 - en
L21/31 +Mk2 - HFO operation

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (900/1000 rpm) 1000 kW HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (900/1000 rpm) 1320 kW HDU 1x27/108S 80-240

Description
7 (900/1000 rpm) 1540 kW HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
8 (900/1000 rpm) 1760 kW HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
9 (900/1000 rpm) 1980 kW HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
gine 3 (9)
3700509-9.2
L21/31 +Mk2 - MDO/MGO operation (Exclusively)

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (900/1000 rpm) 1000 kW HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (900/1000 rpm) 1320 kW HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
7 (900/1000 rpm) 1540 kW HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
8 (900/1000 rpm) 1760 kW HDU 2x27/108S 105-320
9 (900 rpm) 1980 kW HDU 2x27/108S 105-320
9 (1000 rpm) 1980 kW HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
L27/38 - HFO operation

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (720/750 rpm) 1500/1600 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
6 (720/750 rpm) 1980 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
7 (720/750 rpm) 2310 HDU 3x27/108S 320-960
8 (720/750 rpm) 2640 HDU 3x27/108S 320-960
9 (720/750 rpm) 2970 HDU 3x27/108S 320-960
L27/38 - MDO/MGO operation (Exclusively)

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (720/750 rpm) 1500/1600 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (720/750 rpm) 1980 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320
7 (720/750 rpm) 2310 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
8 (720/750 rpm) 2640 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
9 (720/750 rpm) 2970 HDU 3x27/108S 320-960

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
2021-11-03 - en
6 (720/750 rpm) 2100 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480

7 (720/750 rpm) 2450 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
8 (720/750 rpm) 2800 HDU 3x27/108S 320-960
9 (720/750 rpm) 3150 HDU 3x27/108S 320-960

Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
4 (9) gine
3700509-9.2
L23/30H +Mk2 - HFO operation
[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (720/750 rpm) 535/525 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
5 (720/750 rpm) 650/675 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
5 (720/750 rpm) 710/740 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (720/750 rpm) 852/888 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (900 rpm) 1050 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320
7 (720 rpm) 994 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
7 (750/900 rpm) 1036/1225 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320
8 (720 rpm) 1136 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
8 (750 rpm) 1184 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320
8 (900 rpm) 1400 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
L23/30H +Mk2 - MDO/MGO operation (Exclusively)

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (720/750) 535/525 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
5 (720/750) 650/675 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
5 (720/750) 710/740 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (720/750/900 rpm) 852/888/1050 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
7 (720/750/900 rpm) 994/1036/1225 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
8 (720/750/900 rpm) 1136/1184/1400 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
L28/32H - HFO operation

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (720/750 rpm) 1050/1100 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (720/750 rpm) 1260/1320 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320

2021-11-03 - en
7 (720/750 rpm) 1470/1540 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480

8 (720/750 rpm) 1680/1760 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
9 (720/750 rpm) 1890/1980 HDU 2x27/108S 160-480
L28/32H - MDO/MGO operation (Exclusively)

Description

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (720/750 rpm) 1050/1100 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
gine 5 (9)

3700509-9.2
[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]

6 (720/750 rpm) 1260/1320 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
7 (720/750 rpm) 1470/1540 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
8 (720/750 rpm) 1680/1760 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320
9 (720/750 rpm) 1890/1980 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320
L23/30DF - MDO/MGO operation

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (720/750 rpm) 625/625 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (720/750/900 rpm) 750/750/900 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
7 (720/750/900 rpm) 875/875/1050 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
8 (720/750/900 rpm) 1000/1000/1200 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
L28/32DF - MDO/MGO operation

[No.] [kW] [60/50Hz]
5 (720/750 rpm) 1000 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
6 (720/750 rpm) 1200 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
7 (720/750 rpm) 1400 HDU 1x27/108S 80-240
8 (720/750 rpm) 1600 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320
9 (720/750 rpm) 1800 HDU 1x27/108S 105-320
2021-11-03 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
6 (9) gine
3700509-9.2
HDU 1x27/108S
2021-11-03 - en

Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
gine 7 (9)
3700509-9.2
HDU 2x27/108S
2021-11-03 - en
Description
HDU 3x27/108S
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
8 (9) gine
3700509-9.2
2021-11-03 - en
18014420509633291
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
gine 9 (9)
3700509-9.2
18014420509633291
2021-11-03 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-
gine
Internal cooling water system
1643496-7.6
The engine's cooling water system comprises a low temperature (LT) circuit
and a high temperature (HT) circuit. The systems are designed only for treated
fresh water.
Low temperature cooling water system

The LT cooling water system includes charge air cooling and lubricating oil
cooling.
High temperature cooling water system

The high temperature cooling water is used for the cooling of cylinder liners
and cylinder heads.
The engine outlet temperature ensures an optimal combustion in the entire
load area when running on Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), i.e. this temperature limits
the thermal loads in the high-load area, and hot corrosion in the combustion
area is avoided.
In the low-load area the temperature is sufficiently high to secure a perfect
combustion and at the same time cold corrosion is avoided; the latter is also
the reason why the engine, in stand-by position and when starting on HFO,
should be preheated with a cooling water temperature of ≥ 60°C – either by
means of cooling water from running engines or by means of a separate pre-
heating system.
System lay-out
MAN Diesel's standard for the internal cooling water system is shown on our
Basic Diagram.
Temperature regulation in the HT and LT systems takes place in the internal
system where also the pumps are situated. This means that it is only
nessesary with two main pipes for cooling of the engine. The only demand is
that the FW inlet temperature is between 10 and 40°C.
To be able to match every kind of external systems, the internal system can
as optional be arranged with a FW cooler for an external SW system.
2012-07-09 - en
HT- and LT-circulating pumps

The circulating pumps which are of the centrifugal type are mounted in the
front-end box of the engine and are driven by the crankshaft through gear
transmissions.
Technical data: See "list of capacities" D 10 05 0
Description
Thermostatic valves
The thermostatic valves are fully automatic three-way valves with thermostatic
elements set at fixed temperatures.
L16/24;L21/31;L27/38, 2012.05.07 - NG 1 (2)

1643496-7.6
Preheating arrangement
In connection with plants where all engines are stopped for a certain period of
time it is possible to install an electric heat exchanger in the external system.
In connection with plants with more than one engine the stand-by engines
can be automatically preheated by the operating engines by means of the
pipe connections leading to the expansion system and the HT-circulation
pumps.
5429107083
2012-07-09 - en
Description
2 (2) L16/24;L21/31;L27/38, 2012.05.07 - NG

3700143-1.1
Figure 1: Diagram for internal cooling water system with internal preheater unit (for guidance only, please
see the plant specific engine diagram)
Pipe description
F3 Venting to expansion tank DN 25
F4 HT fresh water from preheater DN 25

G1 LT fresh water inlet DN 80
G2 LT fresh water outlet DN 80

Table 1: Flange connections are standard according to DIN 2501
2015-04-23 - en
Description
The system is designed as a single circuit with only two flange connections to
the external centralized cooling water system.
The engine is equipped with a self-controlling temperature water circuit.Thus,
Description
the engine on the cooling water side only requires fresh water between 10
and 40°C and so the engine can be integrated in the ship's cooling water sys-
tem as a stand-alone unit. This is a simple solution with low installation costs,
which also can be interesting in case of repowering, where the engine power
is increased, and the distance to the other engines is larger.
L21/31, 2015.04.23 - Tier II - one string 1 (2)

3700143-1.1
Low temperature circuit

The components for circulation and temperature regulation are placed in the
internal system.
The charge air cooler and the lubricating oil cooler are situated in serial order.
After the LT water has passed the lubricating oil cooler, it is let to the thermo-
static valve and depending on the water temperature, the water will either be
re-circulated or led to the external system.
High temperature circuit

The built-on engine-driven HT circulating pump of the centrifugal type pumps
water through the first stage of the charge air cooler and then through the dis-
tributing bore to the bottom of the cooling water jacket. The water is led out
through bores at the top of the cooling water jacket to the bore in the cylinder
head for cooling of this, the exhaust valve seats and the injector valve.
From the cylinder heads the water is led through to the thermostatic valve,
and depending on the engine load, a smaller or larger amount of the water will
be led to the external system or will be re-circulated.
Data
For heat dissipation and pump capacities, see D 10 05 0, "List of Capacities".
Set points and operating levels for temperature and pressure are stated in B
19 00 0, "Operating Data and Set Points".
Other design data are stated in B 13 00 0, "Design Data for the External Cool-
ing Water System".
27021603228331915
2015-04-23 - en
Description
2 (2) L21/31, 2015.04.23 - Tier II - one string

3700144-3.2
Figure 1: Diagram for internal cooling system with internal preheater unit (for guidance only, please see the
plant specific engine diagram)
Pipe description
F1 HT fresh water inlet DN 80
F2 HT fresh water outlet DN 80
F3 Venting to expansion tank DN 25
F4 HT fresh water for preheating DN 25

2018-01-08 - en
G1 LT fresh water inlet DN 80
G2 LT fresh water outlet DN 80

Description
Description
The system is designed as a two string circuit with four flange connections to
the external centralized cooling water system.
L21/31, 2018.01.08 - Tier II - two string 1 (2)

The engine is equipped with a self-controlling temperature water circuit. This

3700144-3.2
is a simple solution with low installation costs, which also can be interesting in
case of repowering.
Low temperature circuit

The components for circulation and temperature regulation are placed in the
internal system.
The charge air cooler and the lubricating oil cooler are situated in serial order.
After the LT water has passed the lubricating oil cooler, it is let to the thermo-
static valve and depending on the water temperature, the water will either be
re-circulated or led to the external system.
The engine on the cooling water side only requires fresh water between 10
and 40°C.
High temperature circuit

The built-on engine-driven HT-circulating pump of the centrifugal type pumps
water through the first stage of the charge air cooler and then through the dis-
tributing bore to the bottom of the cooling water guide jacket. The water is led
out through bores at the top of the cooling water guide jacket to the bore
cooled cylinder head for cooling of this, the exhaust valve seats and the in-
jector valve.
From the cylinder heads the water is led through an integrated collector to the
thermostatic valve, and depending on the engine load, a smaller or larger
amount of the water will be led to the external system or will be re-circulated.
Data
For heat dissipation and pump capacities, see D 10 05 0, "List of Capacities".
19 00 0, "Operating Data and Set Points".
Other design data are stated in B 13 00 0, "Design Data for the External Cool-
ing Water System".
18014403974244491
2018-01-08 - en
Description
2 (2) L21/31, 2018.01.08 - Tier II - two string

Specification of engine coolant
Preliminary remarks
An engine coolant is composed as follows: water for heat removal and
coolant additive for corrosion protection.
As is also the case with the fuel and lubricating oil, the engine coolant must be
carefully selected, handled and checked. If this is not the case, corrosion,
erosion and cavitation may occur at the walls of the cooling system in contact
with water and deposits may form. Deposits obstruct the transfer of heat and
can cause thermal overloading of the cooled parts. The system must be
treated with an anticorrosive agent before bringing it into operation for the first
time. The concentrations prescribed by the engine manufacturer must always
be observed during subsequent operation. The above especially applies if a
chemical additive is added.
Requirements
Limit values The properties of untreated coolant must correspond to the following limit val-
ues:
Properties/Characteristic Properties Unit
Water type Distillate or fresh water, free of foreign mat- –
ter.
Total hardness max. 10 dGH1)
pH value 6.5 – 8 –
Chloride ion content max. 50 mg/l2)

Table 1: Properties of coolant that must be complied with
1)
1 dGH (German ≙ 10 mg CaO in 1 litre of water ≙ 17.8 mg CaCO3/l
hardness)
≙ 0.357 mval/l ≙ 0.178 mmol/l
2)
1 mg/l ≙ 1 ppm Specification of engine coolant
Testing equipment The water testing equipment incorporates devices that determine the water
properties directly related to the above. The manufacturers of anticorrosive
agents also supply user-friendly testing equipment.
Notes for cooling water check see 010.005 Engine – Work Instructions
010.000.002-03
2022-02-07 - de
Additional information
Distillate If distilled water (from a fresh water generator, for example) or fully desalinated
water (from ion exchange or reverse osmosis) is available, this should ideally
be used as the engine coolant. These waters are free of lime and salts, which
means that deposits that could interfere with the transfer of heat to the
coolant, and therefore also reduce the cooling effect, cannot form. However,
these waters are more corrosive than normal hard water as the thin film of
General, D010.000.023-13-0001 1 (6)

lime scale that would otherwise provide temporary corrosion protection does
not form on the walls. This is why distilled water must be handled particularly
carefully and the concentration of the additive must be regularly checked.
Hardness The total hardness of the water is the combined effect of the temporary and
permanent hardness. The proportion of calcium and magnesium salts is of
overriding importance. The temporary hardness is determined by the carbon-
ate content of the calcium and magnesium salts. The permanent hardness is
determined by the amount of remaining calcium and magnesium salts (sulph-
ates). The temporary (carbonate) hardness is the critical factor that determines
the extent of limescale deposit in the cooling system.
Water with a total hardness of > 10°dGH must be mixed with distilled water or
softened. Subsequent hardening of extremely soft water is only necessary to
prevent foaming if emulsifiable slushing oils are used.
Damage to the coolant system

Corrosion Corrosion is an electrochemical process that can widely be avoided by select-
ing the correct water quality and by carefully handling the water in the engine
cooling system.
Flow cavitation Flow cavitation can occur in areas in which high flow velocities and high turbu-
lence is present. If the steam pressure is reached, steam bubbles form and
subsequently collapse in high pressure zones which causes the destruction of
materials in constricted areas.
Erosion Erosion is a mechanical process accompanied by material abrasion and the
destruction of protective films by solids that have been drawn in, particularly in
areas with high flow velocities or strong turbulence.
Stress corrosion cracking Stress corrosion cracking is a failure mechanism that occurs as a result of
simultaneous dynamic and corrosive stress. This may lead to cracking and
rapid crack propagation in water-cooled, mechanically-loaded components if
the coolant has not been treated correctly.
Treatment of engine coolant

Formation of a protective The purpose of treating the engine coolant using anticorrosive agents is to
film produce a continuous protective film on the walls of cooling surfaces and
therefore prevent the damage referred to above. In order for an anticorrosive

agent to be 100 % effective, it is extremely important that untreated water sat-
isfies the requirements in the paragraph Requirements.
Protective films can be formed by treating the coolant with anticorrosive
2022-02-07 - de
chemicals or emulsifiable slushing oil.

Emulsifiable slushing oils are used less and less frequently as their use has
been considerably restricted by environmental protection regulations, and be-
cause they are rarely available from suppliers for this and other reasons.
Treatment prior to initial Treatment with an anticorrosive agent should be carried out before the engine
commissioning of engine is brought into operation for the first time to prevent irreparable initial damage.
2 (6) General, D010.000.023-13-0001

NOTICE Treatment of the coolant

The engine may not be brought into operation without treating the
coolant.
Additives for coolants

Only the additives approved by and listed in the tables under the paragraph
entitled Permissible cooling water additives may be used.
Required release A coolant additive may only be permitted for use if tested and approved as
per the latest directives of the ICE Research Association (FVV) “Suitability test
of internal combustion engine cooling fluid additives.” The test report must be
obtainable on request. The relevant tests can be carried out on request in
Germany at the staatliche Materialprüfanstalt (Federal Institute for Materials
Research and Testing), Abteilung Oberflächentechnik (Surface Technology Di-
vision), Grafenstraße 2 in D-64283 Darmstadt.
Once the coolant additive has been tested by the FVV, the engine must be
tested in a second step before the final approval is granted.
In closed circuits only Additives may only be used in closed circuits where no significant consump-
tion occurs, apart from leaks or evaporation losses. Observe the applicable
environmental protection regulations when disposing of coolant containing
additives. For more information, consult the additive supplier.
Chemical additives
Sodium nitrite and sodium borate based additives etc. have a proven track re-
cord. Galvanised iron pipes or zinc sacrificial anodes must not be used in
cooling systems. This corrosion protection is not required due to the pre-
scribed coolant treatment and electrochemical potential reversal that may oc-
cur due to the coolant temperatures which are usual in engines nowadays. If
necessary, the pipes must be deplated.
Slushing oil
For engines, it is not permissible to use corrosion protection oils in the cooling
water circuit.
Antifreeze agents
If temperatures below the freezing point of water in the engine cannot be ex-
cluded, an antifreeze agent that also prevents corrosion must be added to the
2022-02-07 - de
cooling system or corresponding parts. Otherwise, the entire system must be

heated.
Sufficient corrosion protection can be provided by adding the products listed
in the table entitled Antifreeze agent with slushing properties (Military specific-
ation: Federal Armed Forces Sy-7025), while observing the prescribed min-
imum concentration. This concentration prevents freezing at temperatures
down to –22 °C and provides sufficient corrosion protection. However, the
quantity of antifreeze agent actually required always depends on the lowest
temperatures that are to be expected at the place of use.
Antifreeze agents are generally based on ethylene glycol. A suitable chemical
anticorrosive agent must be added if the concentration of the antifreeze agent
prescribed by the user for a specific application does not provide an appropri-
General, D010.000.023-13-0001 3 (6)

ate level of corrosion protection, or if the concentration of antifreeze agent

used is lower due to less stringent frost protection requirements and does not
provide an appropriate level of corrosion protection. Considering that the anti-
freeze agents listed in the table Antifreeze agents with slushing properties also
contain corrosion inhibitors and their compatibility with other anticorrosive
agents is generally not given, only pure glycol may be used as antifreeze
agent in such cases.
Simultaneous use of anticorrosive agent from the table Nitrite-free chemical
additives together with glycol is not permitted, because monitoring the anti-
corrosive agent concentration in this mixture is no more possible.
Antifreeze agents may only be added after approval by .
Before an antifreeze agent is used, the cooling system must be thoroughly
cleaned.
If the coolant contains emulsifiable slushing oil, antifreeze agent may not be
added as otherwise the emulsion would break up and oil sludge would form in
the cooling system.
Biocides
If you cannot avoid using a biocide because the coolant has been contamin-
ated by bacteria, observe the following steps:
▪ You must ensure that the biocide to be used is suitable for the specific
application.
▪ The biocide must be compatible with the sealing materials used in the
coolant system and must not react with these.
▪ The biocide and its decomposition products must not contain corrosion-
promoting components. Biocides whose decomposition products contain
chloride or sulphate ions are not permitted.
▪ Biocides that cause foaming of coolant are not permitted.
Prerequisite for effective use of an anticorrosive agent
Clean cooling system

As contamination significantly reduces the effectiveness of the additive, the
tanks, pipes, coolers and other parts outside the engine must be free of rust
and other deposits before the engine is started up for the first time and after
repairs of the pipe system.
The entire system must therefore be cleaned with the engine switched off us-
ing a suitable cleaning agent (see 010.005 Engine – Work Instructions
010.000.001-01 and 010.000.002-04).
2022-02-07 - de
Loose solid matter in particular must be removed by flushing the system thor-
oughly as otherwise erosion may occur in locations where the flow velocity is
high.
The cleaning agents must not corrode the seals and materials of the cooling
system. In most cases, the supplier of the coolant additive will be able to carry
out this work and, if this is not possible, will at least be able to provide suitable
products to do this. If this work is carried out by the engine operator, he
should use the services of a specialist supplier of cleaning agents. The cooling
system must be flushed thoroughly after cleaning. Once this has been done,
4 (6) General, D010.000.023-13-0001

the engine coolant must be immediately treated with anticorrosive agent.

Once the engine has been brought back into operation, the cleaned system
must be checked for leaks.
Regular checks of the coolant condition and coolant system

Treated coolant may become contaminated when the engine is in operation,
which causes the additive to loose some of its effectiveness. It is therefore ad-
visable to regularly check the cooling system and the coolant condition. To
determine leakages in the lube oil system, it is advisable to carry out regular
checks of water in the expansion tank. Indications of oil content in water are,
e.g. discoloration or a visible oil film on the surface of the water sample.
The additive concentration must be checked at least once a week using the
test kits specified by the manufacturer. The results must be documented.
NOTICE Concentration of chemical additives

The chemical additives must be added in the specified concentration.
See section Permitted coolant additives.
Excessively low concentrations lead to corrosion and must be avoided. Con-

centrations that are somewhat higher do not cause damage. Concentrations
that are more than twice as high as recommended should be avoided.
Every 2 to 6 months, a coolant sample must be sent to an independent labor-
atory or to the engine manufacturer for an integrated analysis.
If chemical additives or antifreeze agents are used, coolant should be re-
placed after 3 years at the latest.
If there is a high concentration of solids (rust) in the system, the water must be
completely replaced and entire system carefully cleaned.
Deposits in the cooling system may be caused by fluids that enter the coolant
or by emulsion break-up, corrosion in the system, and limescale deposits if
the water is very hard. If the concentration of chloride ions has increased, this
generally indicates that seawater has entered the system. The maximum spe-
cified concentration of 50 mg chloride ions per kg must not be exceeded as
otherwise the risk of corrosion is too high. If exhaust gas enters the coolant,
this can lead to a sudden drop in the pH value or to an increase in the sulph-
ate content.
Water losses must be compensated for by filling with untreated water that
2022-02-07 - de
meets the quality requirements specified in the paragraph Requirements. The

concentration of anticorrosive agent must subsequently be checked and ad-
justed if necessary.
Subsequent checks of the coolant are especially required if the coolant had to
be drained off in order to carry out repairs or maintenance.
Protective measures
Anticorrosive agents contain chemical compounds that can pose a risk to
health or the environment if incorrectly used. Comply with the directions in the
manufacturer's material safety data sheets.
General, D010.000.023-13-0001 5 (6)

Avoid prolonged direct contact with the skin. Wash hands thoroughly after
use. If larger quantities spray and/or soak into clothing, remove and wash
clothing before wearing it again.
If chemicals come into contact with your eyes, rinse them immediately with
plenty of water and seek medical advice.
Anticorrosive agents are generally harmful to the water cycle. Observe the rel-
evant statutory requirements for disposal.
Auxiliary engines
If the coolant system used in a two-stroke main engine is used in a marine en-
gine of type 16/24, 21/ 31, 23/30H, 27/38 or 28/32H, the coolant recom-
mendations for the main engine must be observed.
Analysis
can analyse antifreeze agent for their customers in the chemical laboratory
PrimeServLab. A 0.25 l sample is required for the test.
Permitted coolant additives

A list of currently approved coolant additives and their concentration can be
found at https://corporate.man-es.com/lubrication.
297237577165993483
2022-02-07 - de
6 (6) General, D010.000.023-13-0001

Coolant
inspecting
Summary
Acquire and check typical values of the operating media to prevent or limit
damage.
The fresh water used to fill the coolant circuits must satisfy the specifications.
The coolant in the system must be checked regularly in accordance with the
maintenance schedule.
The following work/steps is/are necessary:
Acquisition of typical values for the operating fluid,
evaluation of the operating fluid and checking the anticorrosive agent concen-
tration.
Tools/equipment required
Equipment for checking the The following equipment can be used:
fresh water quality ▪ The water testing kit, or similar testing kit, with all necessary instruments
and chemicals that determine the water hardness, pH value and chloride
content (obtainable from or Mar-Tec Marine, Hamburg).
Equipment for testing the When using chemical additives:
concentration of additives ▪ Testing equipment in accordance with the supplier's recommendations.
Testing kits from the supplier also include equipment that can be used to
determine the fresh water quality.
Testing the typical values of water

Short specification
Typical value/property Water for filling Circulating water
and refilling (without additive) (with additive)
Water type Fresh water, free of foreign matter Treated coolant
Total hardness ≤ 10 dGH1) ≤ 10 dGH1)
pH value 6.5 – 8 at 20 °C ≥ 7.5 at 20 °C
Chloride ion content ≤ 50 mg/l ≤ 50 mg/l2)

Table 1: Quality specifications for coolants (short version)
2020-12-08 - de
1)
dGH German hardness
1 dGH = 10 mg/l CaO
= 17.8 mg/l CaCO3
= 0.178 mmol/L
2)
1 mg/l = 1 ppm
Coolant
General, M010.000.002-03-0001 1 (2)

Testing the concentration of rust inhibitors

Short specification
Anti-corrosion agent Concentration
Chemical additives In accordance with quality specification in volume 010.005 Engine – Operating Instruc-
tions 010.000.023-14
Antifreeze In accordance with quality specification in volume 010.005 Engine – Operating Instruc-
tions 010.000.023-14
Table 2: Concentration of coolant additives
126100791313331083
Testing the concentration of The concentration should be tested every week, and/or according to the
chemical additives maintenance schedule, using the testing instruments, reagents and instruc-
tions of the relevant supplier.
Chemical anti-corrosion agents can only provide effective protection if the
concentration is precisely maintained. Respectively, the concentrations re-
commended by (quality specifications in volume 010.005 Engine – Operating
Instructions 010.000.023-14) must be maintained under all circumstances.
These recommended concentrations may deviate from those specified by the
manufacturer.
Testing the concentration of The concentration must be checked in accordance with the manufacturer's
anti-freeze agents instructions or the test can be outsourced to a suitable laboratory. If in doubt,
consult .
Regular water samplings Small quantities of lube oil in coolant can be found by visual check during reg-
ular water sampling from the expansion tank.
Testing Regular analysis of coolant is very important for safe engine operation. We
can analyse fuel for customers at laboratory PrimeServLab.
126100791313331083
2020-12-08 - de
Coolant
2 (2) General, M010.000.002-03-0001

Coolant system
cleaning
Summary
Remove contamination/residue from operating fluid systems, ensure/re-estab-
lish operating reliability.
Coolant systems containing deposits or contamination prevent effective cool-
ing of parts. Contamination and deposits must be regularly eliminated.
This comprises the following:
Cleaning the system and, if required,
removal of limescale deposits,
flushing the system.
Cleaning
The coolant system must be checked for contamination at regular intervals.
Cleaning is required if the degree of contamination is high. This work should
ideally be carried out by a specialist who can provide the right cleaning agents
for the type of deposits and materials in the cooling circuit. The cleaning
should only be carried out by the engine operator if this cannot be done by a
specialist.
Oil sludge Oil sludge from lubricating oil that has entered the cooling system or a high
concentration of anticorrosive agents can be removed by flushing the system
with fresh water to which some cleaning agent has been added. Suitable
cleaning agents are listed alphabetically in the table entitled Cleaning agents
for removing oil sludge. Products by other manufacturers can be used provid-
ing they have similar properties. The manufacturer's instructions for use must
be strictly observed.
Manufacturer Product Concentration Duration of cleaning procedure/temperature
Drew HDE - 777 4 – 5% 4 h at 50 – 60 °C
Nalfleet MaxiClean 2 2 – 5% 4 h at 60 °C
Unitor Aquabreak 0.05 – 0.5% 4 h at ambient temperature
Vecom Ultrasonic 4% 12 h at 50 – 60 °C
Multi Cleaner
Table 1: Cleaning agents for removing oil sludge
Lime and rust deposits Lime and rust deposits can form if the water is especially hard or if the con-
2016-09-08 - de
centration of the anticorrosive agent is too low. A thin lime scale layer can be
left on the surface as experience has shown that this protects against corro-
sion. However, limescale deposits with a thickness of more than 0.5 mm ob-
Coolant system
struct the transfer of heat and cause thermal overloading of the components
being cooled.
Rust that has been flushed out may have an abrasive effect on other parts of
the system, such as the sealing elements of the water pumps. Together with
the elements that are responsible for water hardness, this forms what is
known as ferrous sludge which tends to gather in areas where the flow velo-
city is low.
General, M010.000.002-04-0001 1 (3)

Products that remove limescale deposits are generally suitable for removing
rust. Suitable cleaning agents are listed alphabetically in the table entitled
Cleaning agents for removing limescale and rust deposits. Products by other
manufacturers can be used providing they have similar properties. The manu-
facturer's instructions for use must be strictly observed. Prior to cleaning,
check whether the cleaning agent is suitable for the materials to be cleaned.
The products listed in the table entitled Cleaning agents for removing limes-
cale and rust deposits are also suitable for stainless steel.
Manufacturer Product Concentration Duration of cleaning procedure/temperature
Drew SAF-Acid 5 – 10 % 4 h at 60 – 70 °C
Descale-IT 5 – 10 % 4 h at 60 – 70 °C
Ferroclean 10 % 4 – 24 h at 60 – 70 °C
Nalfleet Nalfleet 9 - 068 5% 4 h at 60 – 75 °C
Unitor Descalex 5 – 10 % 4 – 6 h at approx. 60 °C
Vecom Descalant F 3 – 10 % ca. 4 h at 50 – 60 °C

Table 2: Cleaning agents for removing lime scale and rust deposits
In emergencies only Hydrochloric acid diluted in water or aminosulphonic acid may only be used in
exceptional cases if a special cleaning agent that removes limescale deposits
without causing problems is not available. Observe the following during ap-
plication:
▪ Stainless steel heat exchangers must never be treated using diluted hy-
drochloric acid.
▪ Cooling systems containing non-ferrous metals (aluminium, red bronze,
brass, etc.) must be treated with deactivated aminosulphonic acid. This
acid should be added to water in a concentration of 3 – 5 %. The temper-
ature of the solution should be 40 – 50 °C.
▪ Diluted hydrochloric acid may only be used to clean steel pipes. If hydro-
chloric acid is used as the cleaning agent, there is always a danger that
acid will remain in the system, even when the system has been neutral-
ised and flushed. This residual acid promotes pitting. We therefore recom-
mend you have the cleaning carried out by a specialist.
The carbon dioxide bubbles that form when limescale deposits are dissolved
can prevent the cleaning agent from reaching boiler scale. It is therefore abso-
lutely necessary to circulate the water with the cleaning agent to flush away
the gas bubbles and allow them to escape. The length of the cleaning pro-
cess depends on the thickness and composition of the deposits. Values are
provided for orientation in the table entitled Cleaning agents for removing
limescale and rust deposits.
Following cleaning The cooling system must be flushed several times once it has been cleaned
2016-09-08 - de
using cleaning agents. Replace the water during this process. If acids are
used to carry out the cleaning, neutralise the cooling system afterwards with
suitable chemicals then flush. The system can then be refilled with water that
Coolant system
has been prepared accordingly.
2 (3) General, M010.000.002-04-0001

NOTICE Only carry out cleaning procedure with cooled engine

Only begin the cleaning procedure when the engine has cooled down.
Hot engine parts may not come into contact with cold water. After re-
filling the cooling system, open the venting pipes. Blocked venting
pipes prevent the air from escaping and may cause thermal overload
of the engine.
WARNING Danger of chemical burns

From cleaning agents poisonous gases and fumes can develop, which
may cause light to severe person injuries.
• Wear protective clothing
• Provide adequate ventilation
• Do not inhale developed gases and fumes
• Observe Safety Data Sheets or Operating Instructions of the relevant
manufacturer
The applicable instructions for disposing of cleaning agents or acids are to be

observed.
27021599511822731
2016-09-08 - de
Coolant system
General, M010.000.002-04-0001 3 (3)

27021599511822731
2016-09-08 - de
Coolant system
General, M010.000.002-04-0001
Design data for the external cooling water system
1683397-8.8
General
This data sheet contains data regarding the necessary information for dimen-
sioning of auxiliary machinery in the external cooling water system for the
L21/31 type engine(s).The stated data are for one engine only and are spe-
cified at MCR.
The cooling water inlet pipe line has the function as preheating line during
standstill.
Note: make sure that this pipe line always is open for this function.
For heat dissipation and pump capacities see D 10 05 0 "List of Capacities".
19 00 0 "Operating Data and Set Points".
Cooling water pressure

Max. cooling water inlet pressure before engine is 2.5 bar.
External pipe velocitiy

For external pipe connections we prescribe the following maximum water ve-
locity:
Fresh water : 3.0 m/s

Pressure drop across engine
The engines have an attached centrifugal pump for both LT and HT cooling
water. The pressure drop across the engine's system is approximately 0.5
bar. Therefore the internal pressure drops are negligible for the cooling water
pumps in the external system. For engines installed in closed cooling water
systems, without any external cooling water pumps, the pressure drop in the
external system should not exceed 1.0 bar.
Expansion tank
To provide against volume changes in the closed jacket water cooling system
caused by changes in temperature or leakage, an expansion tank must be in-
stalled.
2021-12-20 - en
As the expansion tank also provides a certain suction head for the fresh water
pump to prevent cavitation, the lowest water level in the tank should be min-
imum 8-10 m above the center line of the crankshaft.
The venting pipe must be made with continuous upward slope of minimum
5°, even when the ship heel or trim (static inclination).
The venting pipe must be connected to the expansion tank below the min-
imum water level; this prevents oxydation of the cooling water caused by
Description
"splashing" from the venting pipe. The expansion tank should be equipped
with venting pipe and flange for filling of water and inhibitors.
Minimum recommended tank volume: 0.1 m³.
For multi plants the tank volume should be min.:
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (2)
V = 0.1 + (exp. vol. per extra eng.) [m³]

1683397-8.8
On engines equipped with 1-string cooling water system, the LT system is

vented via the HT system. This means that both systems are connected to
the same expansion tank.
On engines equipped with 2-string cooling water system, separate expansion
tanks for the LT system and HT system must be installed. This to accommod-
ate for changes of volume due to varying temperatures and possible leakage
in the LT system and/or the HT system. The separated HT system and LT
system facilitates trouble shooting.
Data for external preheating system

The capacity of the external preheater should be 2.5-3.0 kW/cyl. The flow
through the engine should for each cylinder be approx. 4.0 l/min with flow
from top and downwards and 25 l/min with flow from bottom and upwards.
See also table 1 below.
Cyl. No 5 6 7 8 9
Quantity of water in eng:
HT and LT system (litre) 110 130 150 170 190
Expansion vol. (litre) 6 7 8 9 10

Table 1: Showing cooling water data which are depending on the number of
cylinders.
27021604949611147
2021-12-20 - en
Description
2 (2) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
External cooling water system
1655290-8.2
Design of external cooling water system
It is not difficult to make a system fulfil the requirements, but to make the sys-
tem both simple and cheap and still fulfil the requirements of both the engine
builder and other parties involved can be very difficult. A simple version cannot
be made without involving the engine builder.
The diagrams are principal diagrams, and are MAN ES recommendation for
the design of external cooling water systems.
The systems are designed on the basis of the following criteria:
Simplicity. Cooling water systems have a tendency to be unnecessarily complicated and
thus uneconomic in installation and operation. Therefore, we have attached
great importance to simple diagram design with optimal cooling of the en-
gines and at the same time installation- and operation-friendly systems result-
ing in economic advantages.
Preheating with surplus It has been stressed on the diagrams that the GenSet in stand-by position as
heat. well as the propulsion engine in stop position are preheated, optimally and
simply, with surplus heat from the running engines.
Preheating in engine top, The engines are preheated with reverse cooling water direction, i.e. from the
downwards. top and downwards, for optimal heat distribution is reached in the engine.
This method is at the same time more economic since the need for heating is
less and the water flow is reduced.
As few change-over valves The systems have been designed in such a way that the change-over from
as possible. sea operation to harbour operation/stand-by with preheating can be made
with a minimum of manual or automatic interference.
Fresh water treatment

The engine cooling water is, like fuel oil and lubricating oil, a medium which
must be carefully selected, treated, maintained and monitored.
Otherwise, corrosion, corrosion fatigue and cavitation may occur on the sur-
faces of the cooling system which are in contact with the water, and deposits
may form.
Corrosion and cavitation may reduce the life time and safety factors of parts
concerned, and deposits will impair the heat transfer and may result in thermal
overload of the components to be cooled.
The treatment process of the cooling water has to be effected before the first
commission of the plant, i.e. immediately after installation at the shipyard or at
2022-01-26 - en
the power plant.

18014403950968203
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38 1 (1)
1655290-8.2
18014403950968203
2022-01-26 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38
Expansion tank
1613419-0.6
General
To provide for changes in volume in the closed jacket water cooling system
caused by changes in temperature or leakage, an expansion tank must be in-
stalled.
As the expansion tank also should provide a certain suction head for the fresh
water pump to prevent cavitation, the lowest water level in the tank should be
minimum 8-10 m above the centerline of the crankshaft.
The venting pipe must be connected to the expansion tank below the min-
imum water level; this prevents oxydation of the cooling water caused by
"splashing" from the venting pipe. The expansion tank should be equipped
with venting pipe and flange for filling of water and inhibitors.
Volume
Engine type Expansion volume Recommended tank volume
litre* m3**
5L23/30H, 5L23/30H Mk2, 5L23/30S, 5L23/30DF 11 0.1
6L23/30H, 6L23/30H Mk2, 6L23/30S, 6L23/30DF 13 0.1
7L23/30H, 7L23/30H Mk2, 7L23/30S, 7L23/30DF 15 0.1
8L23/30H, 8L23/30H Mk2, 8L23/30S, 8L23/30DF 17 0.1
5L28/32H, 5L28/32S, 5L28/32DF 28 0.15

6L28/32H, 6L28/32S, 6L28/32DF 33 0.15
7L28/32H, 7L28/32S, 7L28/32DF 39 0.15
8L28/32H, 8L28/32S, 8L28/32DF 44 0.15
9L28/32H, 9L28/32S, 9L28/32DF 50 0.15
12V28/32S, 12V28/32S-DF, 12V28/32H 66 0.3

16V28/32S, 16V28/32S-DF, 16V28/32H 88 0.3
18V28/32S, 18V28/32S-DF, 18V28/32H 99 0.3
5L16/24, 5L16/24S 4 0.1

6L16/24, 6L16/24S 5 0.1
7L16/24, 7L16/24S 5 0.1
8L16/24, 8L16/24S 5 0.1
9L16/24, 9L16/24S 6 0.1
5L21/31, L21/31 Mk2, 5L21/31S 6 0.1

6L21/31, L21/31 Mk2, 6L21/31S 7 0.1
7L21/31, L21/31 Mk2, 7L21/31S 8 0.1
2021-12-17 - en
8L21/31, L21/31 Mk2, 8L21/31S 9 0.1

9L21/31, L21/31 Mk2, 9L21/31S 10 0.1
5L27/38, 5L27/38S 10 0.15

Expansion tank
6L27/38, 6L27/38S 12 0.15

7L27/38, 7L27/38S 13 0.15
8L27/38, 8L27/38S 15 0.15
Description
9L27/38, 9L27/38S 20 0.15
* Per engine
** Common expansion tank
Table 1: Expansion volume for cooling water system and recommended volume of expansion tank.
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H;L23/30H-
8/32DF 1 (2)
36028802969310475
1613419-0.6
2021-12-17 - en
Expansion tank
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H;L23/30H-
2 (2) 8/32DF
1 string central cooling water system
1643498-0.12

2021-12-20 - en
Figure 1: Central cooling system.

Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 1-string 1 (3)

1643498-0.12
Figure 2: Preheating.
System design
The system is a central cooling water system of simple design with only one
central cooler. In order to minimize the power consumption the FW pump in-
stallation consists of 3 pumps, two for sea operation and a smaller one for
harbour operation.
The GenSets are connected as a one-string plant, with only one inlet and one
outlet cooling water connection and with internal HT- and LT-circuit, see also
B 13 00 0 “Internal Cooling Water System 1”, describing this system.
2021-12-20 - en
Preheating
Engines starting on HFO and engines in stand-by position must be preheated.
It is also recommended to preheat engines operating on MDO due to the pro-
longed life time of the engines' wearing parts. Therefore it is recommended
that the preheating is arranged for automatic operation, so that the preheating
is disconnected when the engine is running, and connected when the engine
Description
is in stand-by position. The preheating is adjusted so that the temperature is ≥

60°C at the top cover (see thermometer TI12), and approximately 25 to 45°C
at outlet of the cylinders (see thermometer TI10).
2 (3) L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 1-string

When working out the external cooling water system it must be ensured, that
1643498-0.12
no cold cooling water is pressed through the engine and thus spoiling the pre-
heating during stand-by. The diesel engine has no built-in shut-off valve in the
cooling water system. Therefore the designer of the external cooling water
system must make sure that the preheating of the GenSets is not disturbed.
Preheating of stand-by auxiliary engines during sea operation

Auxiliary engines in stand-by position are preheated via the venting pipe (F3),
leading to the expansion tank, with HT water from the operating auxiliary en-
gines.
During preheating the non-return valve on the preheated auxiliary engine will
open due to the pressure difference. The HT pumps on the operating auxiliary
engines will force the HT water downwards, through the stand-by auxiliary en-
gine, out of the (F1) HT inlet and back to the operating auxiliary engines, via
the bypass manifold which interconnect all the (F1) HT inlet lines.
The on/off valve can be controlled by "engine run" signal or activated by lub.
oil pressure. MAN can deliver valves suitable for purpose.
Please note that preheating pipe mounted before on/off valve (size 3/4"-1" for
guidance) connected to either preheat unit (optional) or directly to expansion
tank pipe. This will deliver preheating water to stand-by engine via (F3).
The non-return valve in the venting pipe (F3) is closed when the auxiliary en-
gine is operating, and deaerating to the expansion tank flows through the
small ø3 bore in the non-return valve disc.
The small ø3 bore in the non-return valve disc will also enable the auxiliary en-
gine to keep the recommended cooling water temperature in the HT-system
during low load operation which is essential for the combustion of HFO.
Preheating of stand-by auxiliary engines and propulsion engines during harbour

operation
The propulsion engine is preheated by utilizing hot water from the auxiliary en-
gines.

Depending on the size of propulsion engine and auxiliary engines an extra
preheater may be necessary. This preheating is activated by closing valve A
and opening valve B.
Activating valves A and B will change the direction of flow, and the water will
now be circulated by the auxiliary engine driven pumps. From the auxiliary en-
gines the water flows through valve B directly to the propulsion engine jacket
outlet. When the water leaves the propulsion engine, through the jacket inlet,
2021-12-20 - en
it flows to the thermostatically controlled 3-way valve.

As the temperature sensor for the thermostatically controlled 3-way valve, in
this operating mode, is measuring in a non-flow, low temperature piping, the
valve will lead most of the cooling water through the common thermostatically
controlled 3-way valve, serving the auxiliary engines, and back to their com-
mon HT inlet line. The integrated loop in the auxiliary engines will ensure a
constant temperature of approximately 80°C at the auxiliary engine outlet. The
Description
propulsion engine will be preheated, and the auxiliary engines in stand-by can
also be preheated as described in the above mentioned section.
36028802496318859
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 1-string 3 (3)

1643498-0.12
36028802496318859
2021-12-20 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 1-string
1.5 string central cooling water system
3700394-6.2

2021-12-20 - en
Figure 1: Central cooling system

Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 1.5-string 1 (4)

3700394-6.2
Figure 2: Preheating
System design
The system is a central cooling water system of simple design with only one
central cooler. In order to minimize the power consumption the FW pump in-
stallation consists of 3 pumps, two for sea operation and a smaller one for
harbour operation.
The GenSets are connected as a one-string system, but with an extra con-
nection for the available heating capacity in H.T. system (waste heat recovery)
2021-12-20 - en
for fresh water production, tank heating etc.

The propulsion engines' HT-circuit temperature is adjusted with LT-water mix-
ing by means of the thermostatic valve.
Preheating
Description

2 (4) L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 1.5-string

3700394-6.2

gines.

operation
gines.
2021-12-20 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 1.5-string 3 (4)


3700394-6.2
18014413011398539
2021-12-20 - en
Description
4 (4) L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 1.5-string

1699992-2.3

2021-12-20 - en
Figure 1: Operating at sea

Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 2-string 1 (5)

1699992-2.3
2021-12-20 - en
Figure 2: Operating in port

Description
2 (5) L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 2-string

1699992-2.3
System design
The two string central cooling water system, of simple design, has only one
central cooler. Low temperature (LT) and high temperature (HT) cooling water
pumps are common for all engines.
To minimize the power consumption the LT fresh water pump installation con-
sists of 3 pumps. Two pumps for sea operation and a smaller one for harbour
operation.
The auxiliary engines are connected as a two string unit with separate LT- and
HT-circuits. Propulsion and auxiliary engines have separate HT temperature
regulation. The HT cooling water temperature is adjusted by mixing with LT
cooling water, see also B 13 00 0 "Internal Cooling Water System 2".
The system is also remarkable for its preheating of stand-by auxiliary engines
and propulsion engine, by utilizing hot water from the operating auxiliary en-
gines.
Preheating

Auxiliary engines in stand-by position are preheated via the venting pipe (F3A),
gines.
2021-12-20 - en
tank pipe. This will deliver preheating water to stand-by engine via (F3A).
Description
The non-return valve in the venting pipe (F3A) is closed when the auxiliary en-
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 2-string 3 (5)

1699992-2.3


operation
gines.
Optional preheating solutions

Optionally engines can be delivered with internal preheating.
Optionally a common electrical preheating unit for the auxiliary engines can be
installed.
It is also possible to install an electrical preheating unit for the propulsion en-
gine as an option.
2021-12-20 - en
Description
4 (5) L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 2-string

Figure 3: Preheating 1699992-2.3

27021603255094667
2021-12-20 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 2-string 5 (5)

1699992-2.3
27021603255094667
2021-12-20 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38, 2-string
Preheater arrangement in high temperature system
3700159-9.1
General
The built-on cooling water preheating unit consists of a thermostat-controlled
el-preheating element built onto the outlet connection on the thermostat
housing on the engine's front end box. The pipe is connected below the non-
return valve on the pipe to expansion tank.
Cyl. No. Preheater
3x400V/3x440V
kW
5-6 1 x 12
7-9 1 x 15
The system is based on thermo-syphon cooling and reverse water direction,

i.e. from top and downward, and an optimal heat distribution in the engine is
thus reached.
When the engine is in standstill, an extern valve must shut off the cooling wa-
ter inlet.
Operation
It is therefore recommended that the preheater is arranged for automatic op-
eration, so that the preheater is disconnected when the engine is running and
connected when the engine is in stand-by position. The thermostat setpoint is

adjusted to 70°C, that gives a temperature of app. 50°C at the top cover.
27021603206809611
2021-12-20 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (1)
3700159-9.1
27021603206809611
2021-12-20 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
MAN Energy Solutions T 13 01 1
Expansion tank pressurized
1671771-3.6
Description
Engine type Expansion volume Recommended tank volume
litre* m3**
5L23/30H, 5L23/30H Mk2, 5L23/30H Mk3, 11 0.1
5L23/30S, 5L23/30DF
6L23/30H, 6L23/30H Mk2, 6L23/30H Mk3, 13 0.1
6L23/30S, 6L23/30DF
7L23/30H, 7L23/30H Mk2, 7L23/30H Mk3, 15 0.1
7L23/30S, 7L23/30DF
8L23/30H, 8L23/30H Mk2, 8L23/30H Mk3, 17 0.1
8L23/30S, 8L23/30DF
9L23/30H Mk3 - -
5L28/32H, 5L28/32S, 5L28/32DF 28 0.15

6L28/32H, 6L28/32S, 6L28/32DF 33 0.15
7L28/32H, 7L28/32S, 7L28/32DF 39 0.15
8L28/32H, 8L28/32S, 8L28/32DF 44 0.15
9L28/32H, 9L28/32S, 9L28/32DF 50 0.15
12V28/32S, 12V28/32S-DF, 12V28/32H 66 0.3

16V28/32S, 16V28/32S-DF, 16V28/32H 88 0.3
18V28/32S, 18V28/32S-DF, 18V28/32H 99 0.3
5L16/24, 5L16/24S 4 0.1

6L16/24, 6L16/24S 5 0.1
7L16/24, 7L16/24S 5 0.1
8L16/24, 8L16/24S 5 0.1
9L16/24, 9L16/24S 6 0.1
5L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2, 5L21/31S 6 0.1

6L21/31, 6L21/31 Mk2, 6L21/31S 7 0.1
7L21/31, 7L21/31 Mk2, 7L21/31S 8 0.1
8L21/31, 8L21/31 Mk2, 8L21/31S 9 0.1
9L21/31, 9L21/31 Mk2, 9L21/31S 10 0.1
5L27/38, 5L27/38S 10 0.15

6L27/38, 6L27/38S 12 0.15
7L27/38, 7L27/38S 13 0.15
8L27/38, 8L27/38S 15 0.15

9L27/38, 9L27/38S 20 0.15
* Per engine
2022-01-12 - en
** Common expansion tank

Table 1: Expansion volume for cooling water system and recommended volume of expansion tank.
36028802512519307
Description
L28/32S;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L23/30DF;V28/32S-
DF;V28/32H;L28/32DF;V28/32S;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (3)
T 13 01 1 MAN Energy Solutions
1671771-3.6
Figure 1: Function of expansion tank.
▪ Water connection in the top ensures easy and simple installation and con-
trol under operation.
▪ Cooling water is absorbed in a rubber bag which is hanging in the all-wel-
ded vessel.
▪ Corrosion of the all-welded vessel is excluded.
▪ The rubber bag is replaceable.
The expansion vessel should be connected to the system at a point close to
the cooling water inlet connections (G1 / F1) in order to maintain positive
pressures throughout the system and allow expansion of the water.
The safety valves are fitted on the manifold.
The pressure gauge is fitted on the manifold in such a position that it can be
easily read from the filling point.
The filling point should be near the pressure expansion vessel. Particularly the
pressure gauge in such a position that the pressure gauge can be easily read
from the filling point, when filling from the mains water.
Automatic air venting valve should be fitted at the highest point in the cooling
water system.
2022-01-12 - en
Description
L28/32S;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L23/30DF;V28/32S-
2 (3) DF;V28/32H;L28/32DF;V28/32S;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
MAN Energy Solutions T 13 01 1
1671771-3.6
1 Pressure vessel 2 Exchangeable rubber bag
3 Safety valves 4 Automatic air venting
valve
5 Pressure gauge 6 Manifold
7 Threaded pipe 8 Elbow
9 Shutt-off valve
Figure 2: Expansion tank
36028802512519307

2022-01-12 - en
Description
L28/32S;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L23/30DF;V28/32S-
DF;V28/32H;L28/32DF;V28/32S;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 3 (3)
T 13 01 1 MAN Energy Solutions
1671771-3.6
36028802512519307
2022-01-12 - en
Description
L28/32S;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L23/30DF;V28/32S-
DF;V28/32H;L28/32DF;V28/32S;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
3700145-5.2
Figure 1: Diagram for compressed air system (for guidance only, please see the plant specific engine dia-
gram)
Air supply!
Air supply must not be interrupted when engine is running

WARNING
Pipe description
2021-10-19 - en
Pipe description
K1 Compressed air inlet DN 40
General
Description
The compressed air system on the engine consists of a starting system, start-
ing control system and safety system. Further, the system supplies air to the
jet system and the stop cylinders on each fuel injection pump.
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, Low pressure 1 (2)

The compressed air is supplied from the starting air receivers. Max. inlet pres-
3700145-5.2
sure at starter unit is 8 bar to the engine.

To avoid dirt particles in the internal system, a strainer is mounted in the inlet
line to the engine.
Starting system
The engine is started by means of a built-on air starter, safety clutch and drive
shaft with pinion. Further, there is a main starting valve.
Control system
The air starter is activated electrically with a pneumatic 3/2-way solenoid
valve. The valve can be activated manually from the starting box on the en-
gine, and it can be arranged for remote control, manual or automatic.
For remote activation the starting coil is connected so that every starting sig-
nal to the starting coil goes through the safe start function which is connected
to the basemodule mounted on the engine.
Further, the starting valve also acts as an emergency starting valve which
makes it possible to activate the air starter manually in case of power failure.
Safety system
Air supply must not be interrupted when the engine is running.
As standard the engine is equipped with a pneumatic/mechanical stop cylin-
der, which starts to operate if the safety system is activated. The system is
activated electrically. One stop cylinder for each cylinder is intergrated in each
fuel injection pump.
Pneumatic start sequence

When the starting valve is opened, air will be supplied to the drive shaft hous-
ing of the air starter.
The air supply will - by activating a piston - bring the drive pinion into engage-
ment with the gear rim on the engine flywheel.
When the pinion is fully engaged, the pilot air will flow to, and open the main
starting valve, whereby air will be led to the air starter, which will start to turn
the engine.
When the RPM exceeds approx. 158, at which firing has taken place, the
starting valve is closed whereby the air starter is disengaged.

2021-10-19 - en
Optionals
Besides the standard components, the following standard optional can be
built-on:
▪ Main valve, inlet engine.
Description
18014404130543243
2 (2) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, Low pressure

Specification of compressed air
General
For compressed air quality observe the ISO 8573-1. Compressed air must be
free of solid particles and oil (acc. to the specification).
Requirements
Compressed air quality of The starting air must fulfil at least the following quality requirements according
starting air system to ISO 8573-1.
Purity regarding solid particles Quality class 6

Particle size > 40µm max. concentration < 5 mg/m3
Purity regarding moisture Quality class 7
Residual water content < 0.5 g/m3
Purity regarding oil Quality class X
Additional requirements are:

▪ The air must not contain organic or inorganic silicon compounds.
▪ The layout of the starting air system must ensure that no corrosion may
occur.
▪ The starting air system and the starting air receiver must be equipped with
condensate drain devices.
▪ By means of devices provided in the starting air system and via mainten-
ance of the system components, it must be ensured that any hazardous
formation of an explosive compressed air/lube oil mixture is prevented in a
safe manner.
Compressed air quality in Please note that control air will be used for the activation of some safety func-
the control air system tions on the engine – therefore, the compressed air quality in this system is
very important.
Control air must meet at least the following quality requirements according to
ISO 8573-1.
▪ Purity regarding solid particles Quality class 5
▪ Purity regarding moisture Quality class 4
▪ Purity regarding oil Quality class 3
For catalysts
2020-02-26 - de
The following specifications are valid unless otherwise defined by any other
relevant sources:
Compressed air quality for Compressed air for soot blowing must meet at least the following quality re-
soot blowing quirements according to ISO 8573-1.
Compressed air quality for Compressed air for atomisation of the reducing agent must fulfil at least the
reducing agent atomisation following quality requirements according to ISO 8573-1.
General, D010.000.023-21-0001 1 (2)


NOTICE Clogging of catalysts

To prevent clogging of catalysts and catalyst lifetime shortening, the
compressed air specification must always be observed.
For gas valve unit control (GVU)

Compressed control air Compressed air for the gas valve unit control (GVU) must meet at least the fol-
quality for the gas valve unit lowing quality requirements according to ISO 8573-1.
control (GVU)
72057602722526475
2020-02-26 - de
2 (2) General, D010.000.023-21-0001

1655207-3.3
Diagram
Figure 1: Diagram for compressed air system
Design of external system

The external compressed air system should be common for both propulsion
engines and GenSet engines.
Separate tanks shall only be installed in turbine vessels, or if GenSets in en-
gined vessels are installed far away from the propulsion plant.
The design of the air system for the plant in question should be according to
the rules of the relevant classification society.
As regards the engine's internal compressed air system, please see B 14 00 0
"Internal Compressed Air System".
An oil and water separator should be mounted between the compressor and
the air receivers, and the separator should be equipped with automatic drain
facilities.
Each engine needs only one connection for compressed air, please see dia-
gram for the compressed air system.
Installation
In order to protect the engine's starting and control equipment against con-
densation water, the following should be observed:
▪ The air receiver(s) should always be installed with good drainage facilities.
Receiver(s) arranged in horizontal position must be installed with a slope
downwards of min. 3°-5°.
2021-10-19 - en
▪ Pipes and components should always be treated with rust inhibitors.

▪ The starting air pipes should be mounted with a slope towards the receiv-
ers, preventing possible condensed water from running into the com-
pressors.
▪ Drain valves should be mounted at the lowest position on the starting air
pipes.
27021603677054219
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S 1 (1)
1655207-3.3
27021603677054219
2021-10-19 - en
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S
Combustion air system
3700047-3.3
General
Figure 1: Diagram for combustion air system. (for guidance only, please see the plant specific engine dia-
gram)
Pipe description
M1 Charge air inlet
M7 Charge air by-pass or blow off (optional)
P2 Exhaust gas outlet:

5 cyl. engine DN 400
7+8 cyl. engines DN 500
P6 Drain from turbocharger - outlet
P8 Water washing compressor side with quick coup-

ling - inlet
P9 Working air, dry cleaning turbine side with quick

2022-01-11 - en
coupling - inlet
Table 1: P2 flange connections are standard according to DIN 86 044. Other
flange connections are standard according to DIN 2501
The air intake to the turbochargers takes place directly from the engine room
through the intake silencer on the turbocharger.
Description
From the turbocharger the air is led via the charge air cooler and charge air
receiver to the inlet valves of each cylinder.
The charge air cooler is a compact two-stage tubetype cooler with a large
cooling surface.
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (2)
The charge air cooler is mounted in the engine's front end box.
3700047-3.3
It is recommended to blow ventilation air in the level of the top of the engine(s)
close to the air inlet of the turbocharger, but not so close that sea water or va-
pour may be drawn-in. It is further required that there always should be a pos-
itive air pressure (overpressure) in the engine room.
Turbocharger
The engine is always installed with a high-efficient MAN Energy Solutions TCR
turbocharger of the radial type, which is located on the top of the front end
box.
Cleaning of Turbocharger The turbocharger is fitted with an arrangement for both dry and wet cleaning
of the turbine side, and water washing of the compressor side.
Lambda controller / Charge air limiter integrated into SaCoS

The purpose of the charge air limiter is to prevent injection of more fuel in the
combustion chamber than can be burned during a momentary load in-crease.
This is carried out by controlling the relation between the fuel index and the
charge air pressure. The lambda controller has the following advantages:
▪ Reduction of visible smoke in case of sudden momentary load increases.
▪ Improved load ability.
▪ Less fouling of the engine's exhaust gas ways.
The above states that the working conditions are improved under difficult cir-
cumstances and that the maintenance costs for an engine, working with
many and major load changes, will be reduced.
Data
For charge air heat dissipation and exhaust gas data, see D 10 05 0 "List of
Capacities".
19 00 0 "Operating Data and Set Points".
27021604625113099
2022-01-11 - en
Description
2 (2) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Engine room ventilation and combustion air
1699110-4.3
Combustion air requirements
▪ The combustion air must be free from water spray, dust, oil mist and ex-
haust gases. See D010.000.023-17.
▪ The air ventilation fans shoud be designed to maintain a positive air pres-
sure of 50 Pa (5 mmWC) in the auxiliary engine room in all running condi-
tions.
The combustion air is normally taken from the engine room through a filter
mat on the turbocharger.
In tropical condition a sufficient volume of air must be supplied to the tur-
bocharger(s) at outside air temperature. For this purpose there must be an air
duct installed for each turbocharger, with the outlet of the duct facing the re-
spective intake air silencer. No water of condensation from the air duct must
be allowed to be drawn in by the turbocharger.
In arctic condition the air must be heated to at least 5°C or other measures
must be taken in engine design specification. See B 15 00 0, "Combustion air
system for arctic operation".
Ventilator capacity
The capacity of the air ventilators must be large enough to cover:
▪ The combustion air requirements of all consumers.
▪ The air required for carrying off the heat emission.
▪ Maintain an positive air pressure in engine room.
See "List of capacities" section D 10 05 0 for information about required com-
bustion air quantity and heat emission.

For minimum requirements concerning engine room ventilation see applicable
standards such as ISO 8861.
54043202402951819
2021-12-22 - en
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S;L28/32DF 1 (1)
1699110-4.3
54043202402951819
2021-12-22 - en
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S;L28/32DF
Combustion air system for arctic operation
1631453-3.3
General
Machinery for ships to operate in arctic areas must be able to stand up to ex-
tremely low ambient temperatures (such as down to minus 60°C).
Engine operation under arc- Artic condition is defined as:
tic conditions Air intake temperatures of the engine below 0 °C.
If engines operate under arctic conditions (intermittently or permanently), the
engine equipment and plant installation have to hold certain design features
and meet special requirements. They depend on the possible minimum air in-
take temperature of the engine and the specification of the fuel used.
Minimum air intake temperature of the engine, tx:
▪ Category 1
0 °C > tx > −15 °C
▪ Category 2
−15 °C ≥ tx > −60 °C

Figure 1: Diagram
In order not to undercool the engine room, the diesel engines cannot be sup-
plied with combustion air from the engine room. They must be connected to
2018-08-07 - en
an air trunk system taking in air of low temperature from the outside.
If not compensated for, the low air temperature could cause two problems for
the engine performance; (namely) a too high combustion pressure and a too
low charge air temperature.
With air of low temperature and consequently high density the turbocharger
will supply the engine with such a large amount of charge air (by weight) that
the combustion pressure during engine operation in the high load range will
Description
become unacceptably high.
V28/32S;L28/32S;L28/32H;L27/38S;L27/38;L23/30S;L23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L
16/24S;L16/24 1 (4)
This problem can be compensated for by blowing off a certain amount of air
1631453-3.3
from the engine air inlet bend returning it back to the air inlet bend of the tur-
bocharger, see fig. 1. This recirculation will not only adjust the charge air
amount but also raise the air inlet temperature.
When running MAN SCR besides charge air blow off there can also be waste
gate for regeneration.
Starting the engine on arctic temperatures is difficult and sometimes im-
possible at extreme cold temperature. It is recommended that a bypass
changeover flap with air intake filter is installed in the pipe connection from the
louver to the turbocharger on the engine. The changeover flap is to be open
during start of the engine, and thereby heated air from the engine room is en-
tering the turbocharger. When the engine has reached a cooling water tem-
perature of more than 50 degrees, the bypass changeover flap is closed, and
thereby the air is supplied from the outside louver.
1 Combustion air duct con- 2 Louver*

nected
3 Combustion air duct 4 Changeover flap with air
2018-08-07 - en
filter (outside- / inside air)

for starting in cold climate
Figure 2: Engine room ventilation, air duct connected to the turbocharger
*Always to be equipped with a filter when an air duct is connected to the tur-
bocharger according to "Specification of intake air", 010.000.023-17.
Description
2 (4) 16/24S;L16/24
Plant installation
1631453-3.3
▪ Cooling down of engine room due to cold ambient air can be avoided by
supplying the engine directly from outside with combustion air. For this
the combustion air must be filtered. See D010.000.023-17, Specification
of intake air. Moreover a droplet separator and air intake silencer become
necessary. According to classification rules it may be required to install
two air inlets from the exterior, one at starboard and one at portside.
▪ Cold intake air from outside is preheated in front of the cylinders in the
charge air cooler. HT water serves as heat source. Depending on load
and air temperature additional heat has then to be transferred to the HT
circuit by a HT preheating module
▪ It is necessary to ensure that the charge air cooler cannot freeze when the
engine is out of operation (and the cold air is at the air inlet side). HT-cool-
ing water preheating will prevent this. Additionally it is recommentded tho
prepare the combustion air duct upstream of the engine for the installation
of a blanking plate, necessary to be installed in case of malfunction on the
HT-cooling water preheating system.
Category 1
▪ Charge air blow-off is activated at high engine load with low combustion
air temperature. With a blow-off air duct installed in the plant, it can be re-
circulated in the combustion air duct upstream of the engine. Alternatively,
only if blow-off air is deviated downstream of the charge air coolers and is
cold (depending on engine type), blow-off air can be directly released in
the engine room. Then a blow-off air silencer installed in the plant be-
comes necessary.
▪ Alternatively engine combustion air and engine room ventilation air can be
supplied together in the engine room, if heated adequately and if accep-
ted by the classification company.
Category 2
▪ Please contact MAN Diesel & Turbo.
Instruction for minimum ad- ▪ In general the minimum viscosity before engine of 2.0 cSt must not be un-
dershoot.

missible fuel temperature
▪ The fuel specific characteristic values “pour point” and “cold filter plugging
point” have to be observed to ensure pumpability respectively filterability
of the fuel oil.
▪ Fuel temperatures of ≤ –10 °C are to be avoided, due to temporarily em-
brittlement of seals used in the engines fuel oil system. As a result they
may suffer a loss of function.
Minimum engine room tem- ▪ Ventilation of engine room
perature The air of the engine room ventilation must not be too cold (preheating is
necessary) to avoid the freezing of the liquids in the engine room systems.
▪ Minimum power house/engine room temperature for design ≥ +5 °C.
2018-08-07 - en
Coolant and lube oil sys- ▪ Coolant and lube oil system have to be preheated for each individual en-
tems gine, see section Starting conditions.
See also the specific information regarding special arrangements for arctic
conditions, see section Lube oil system and Water systems.
▪ Maximum permissible antifreeze concentration (ethylene glycol) in the en-
gine cooling water.
Description
An increasing proportion of antifreeze decreases the specific heat capa-

city of the engine cooling water, which worsens the heat dissipation from
the engine and will lead to higher component temperatures.
16/24S;L16/24 3 (4)
Therefore, the antifreeze concentration of the engine cooling water sys-

tems (HT and LT) within the engine room, respectively power house,
1631453-3.3
should be below a concentration of 40 % glycol. Any concentration of

> 55 % glycol is forbidden.
▪ If a concentration of anti-freezing agents of > 50 % in the cooling water
systems is required, contact MAN Diesel & Turbo for approval.
▪ For information regarding engine cooling water see section Specification
for engine supplies.
Insulation The design of the insulation of the piping systems and other plant parts
(tanks, heat exchanger, external intake air duct etc.) has to be modified and
designed for the special requirements of arctic conditions.
Heat tracing To support the restart procedures in cold condition (e.g. after unmanned sur-
vival mode during winter), it is recommended to install a heat tracing system in
the pipelines to the engine.
A preheating of the lube oil has to be ensured. If the plant is not

NOTICE equipped with a lube oil separator (e.g. plants only operating on MGO)
alternative equipment for preheating of the lube oil must be provided.
For plants taken out of operation and cooled down below temperat-
ures of +5 °C additional special measures are required – in this case
contact MAN Diesel & Turbo.
18014427560202507
2018-08-07 - en
Description
4 (4) 16/24S;L16/24
Specifications of intake air (combustion air)
General
The quality and condition of intake air (combustion air) have a significant effect
on the engine output, wear and emissions of the engine. In this regard, not
only are the atmospheric conditions extremely important, but also contamina-
tion by solid and gaseous foreign matter.
Mineral dust in the intake air increases wear. Chemicals and gases promote
corrosion.
This is why effective cleaning of intake air (combustion air) and regular main-
tenance of the air filter are required.
When designing the intake air system, the maximum permissible overall pres-
sure drop (filter, silencer, pipe line) of 20 mbar must be taken into considera-
tion.
Exhaust turbochargers for marine engines are equipped with silencers and air
filters as a standard.
Requirements
Liquid fuel engines: As minimum, inlet air (combustion air) must be cleaned by
an ISO Coarse 45% class filter as per DIN EN ISO 16890, if the combustion
air is drawn in from inside (e.g. from the machine room/engine room). If the
combustion air is drawn in from outside, in the environment with a risk of
higher inlet air contamination (e.g. due to sand storms, due to loading and un-
loading grain cargo vessels or in the surroundings of cement plants), addi-
tional measures must be taken. This includes the use of pre-separators, pulse
filter systems and a higher grade of filter efficiency class at least up to ISO
ePM10 50% according to DIN EN ISO 16890.

Gas engines and dual-fuel engines: As minimum, inlet air (combustion air)
must be cleaned by an ISO COARSE 45% class filter as per DIN EN ISO
16890, if the combustion air is drawn in from inside (e.g. from machine room/
engine room). Gas engines or dual-fuel engines must be equipped with a dry
filter. Oil bath filters are not permitted because they enrich the inlet air with oil
mist. This is not permissible for gas operated engines because this may result
in engine knocking. If the combustion air is drawn in from outside, in the envir-
onment with a risk of higher inlet air contamination (e.g. due to sand storms,
due to loading and unloading grain cargo vessels or in the surroundings of ce-
ment plants) additional measures must be taken. This includes the use of pre-
separators, pulse filter systems and a higher grade of filter efficiency class at
2021-03-23 - de
least up to ISO ePM10 50% according to DIN EN ISO 16890.

In general, the following applies:
The inlet air path from air filter to engine shall be designed and implemented
airtight so that no false air may be drawn in from the outdoor.

The concentration downstream of the air filter and/or upstream of the tur-
bocharger inlet must not exceed the following limit values.
The air must not contain organic or inorganic silicon compounds.
Properties Limit Unit 1)
Dust (sand, cement, CaO, Al2O3 etc.) max. 5 mg/Nm3
General, D010.000.023-17-0001 1 (2)

Properties Limit Unit 1)

Chlorine max. 1.5
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) max. 1.25
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) max. 5
Salt (NaCl) max. 1

1)
One Nm3 corresponds to one cubic meter of gas at 0 °C and 101.32 kPa.
Table 1: Typical values for intake air (combustion air) that must be complied
with
WARNING Explosion due to flammable intake air

Severe personal injury due to the explosion of flammable intake air.
• Intake air must not be explosive.
• Intake air must not contain flammable gases.
• Intake air must not be drawn in from ATEX zones.
99079193562913035
2021-03-23 - de
2 (2) General, D010.000.023-17-0001

Turbocharger - make MAN
1689485-0.3
Description
The engines are as standard equipped with a turbocharger of the radial type
MAN NR/S and TCR.
The rotor, comprising compressor, turbine wheel and shaft, is supported in
floating plain bearing bushes.
The turbine wheel is an integrated part of the shaft.
Gas admission casing with gas outlet diffusor matched to the exhaust pipe ar-
rangement and a turbine nozzle ring made of a special wear resistant material.
Air intake silencer with filter, and compressor casing with one outlet.
Lubrication of the two plain bushes is an integrated part of the engine lubricat-
ing oil system.
The turbocharger has no water cooling.
Propulsion
No. cyl. 5 6 7 8 9
L21/31 - 1000rpm - TCR16-42x TCR18-42x TCR18-42x TCR18-42x
L27/38 - 800 rpm - TCR18-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x
28/32A - NR24/R NR24/R NR24/R NR26/R

9007206259647755
L16/24
No. cyl. 5 6 7 8 9
1000 rpm TCR12-42x TCR12-41x TCR12-41x TCR14-41x TCR14-41x

9007206259647755
L21/31
No. cyl. 5 6 7 8 9

9007206259647755
L21/31 Mk2
No. cyl. 5 6 7 8 9

2022-01-05 - en
9007206259647755
L27/38
No. cyl. 5 6 7 8 9
330 kW @ 720 rpm TCR18-42x TCR18-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x
330 kW @ 750 rpm TCR18-42x TCR18-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x

Description
350 kW @ 720 rpm - TCR18-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x
350 kW @ 750 rpm - TCR18-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x TCR20-42x

9007206259647755
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30DF;L27/38;L28/32H;L28/32DF, Tier II / Tier III 1 (2)
L23/30H + Mk2
1689485-0.3
No. cyl 5 ECR 5 6 7 8

900 rpm - - TCR16-41x TCR16-41x TCR16-41x

9007206259647755
L23/30H Mk3
No. cyl 5 6 7 8 9
900 rpm - TCR16-41x TCR16-41x TCR16-41x TCR18-41x

9007206259647755
L23/30DF
No. cyl 5 6 7 8
720 rpm TCR14-42x TCR14-41x TCR14-41x TCR16-41x
750 rpm TCR14-42x TCR14-41x TCR14-41x TCR16-41x
900 rpm - TCR14-41x TCR14-41x TCR16-41x

9007206259647755
L28/32DF
No. cyl. 5 6 7 8 9

9007206259647755
L28/32H (update to TCR are in progress)

No. cyl. 5 6 7 8 9
720 rpm NR20/R NR20/R TCR18-41x TCR18-41x NR24/S
750 rpm NR20/R NR20/R NR24/R NR24/R NR24/S

9007206259647755
2022-01-05 - en
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
2 (2) Mk3;L23/30DF;L27/38;L28/32H;L28/32DF, Tier II / Tier III
Water washing of turbocharger - compressor
1639499-6.1
Description
During operation the compressor will gradually be fouled due to the presence
of oil mist and dust in the inlet air.
The fouling reduces the efficiency of the turbocharger which will result in re-
duced engine performance.
Therefore manual cleaning of the compressor components is necessary in
connection with overhauls. This situation requires dismantling of the tur-
bocharger.
However, regular cleaning by injecting water into the compressor during nor-
mal operation of the engine has proved to reduce the fouling rate to such an
extent that good performance can be maintained in the period between major
overhauls of the turbocharger.
The cleaning effect of injecting pure fresh water is mainly based upon the
mechanical effect arising, when the water droplets impinge the deposit layer
on the compressor components.
The water is injected in a measured amount and within a measured period of
time by means of the water washing equipment.
The water washing equipment, see fig 1, comprises two major parts. The
transportable container (6) including a hand valve with handle (5) and a plug-in
coupling (4) at the end of a lance.
Installed on the engine there is the injection tube (1), connected to a pipe (2)
and a snap coupling (3).
The cleaning procedure is:

1) Fill the container (6) with a measured amount of fresh water. Blow air
into the container by means of a blow gun, until the prescribed opera-
tion pressure is reached.
2) Connect the plug-in coupling of the lance to the snap coupling on the
pipe, and depress the handle on the hand valve.
45036003158699659
3) The water is then injected into the compressor.
The washing procedure is executed with the engine running at normal operat-
ing temperature and with the engine load as high as possible, i.e. at a high
compressor speed.
The frequency of water washing should be matched to the degree of fouling in
each individual plant.
2022-01-04 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
1639499-6.1
1 Injection tube 2 Pipe

3 Snap coupling 4 Plug-in coupling
5 Hand valve with handle 6 Container
7 Charge air line
Figure 1: Water washing equipment.
2022-01-04 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
2 (1) Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S;L28/32DF
Exhaust gas system
1655213-2.6
Internal exhaust gas system
From the exhaust valves, the gas is led to the exhaust gas receiver where the
fluctuating pressure from the individual cylinders is equalized and the total
volume of gas led further on to the turbocharger, at a constant pressure. After
the turbocharger, the gas is led to the exhaust pipe system.
The exhaust gas receiver is casted sections, one for each cylinder, connected
to each other, by means of compensators, to prevent excessive stress due to
heat expansion.
After each cylinder a thermosensor for reading the exhaust gas temperature is
fitted.
To avoid excessive thermal loss and to ensure a reasonably low surface tem-
perature the exhaust gas receiver is insulated.
External exhaust gas system

The exhaust back-pressure should be kept as low as possible.
It is therefore of the utmost importance that the exhaust piping is made as
short as possible and with few and soft bends.
Long, curved, and narrow exhaust pipes result in higher back-pressure which
will affect the engine combustion. Exhaust back-pressure is a loss of energy
and will cause higher fuel comsumption.
The exhaust back-pressure should not exceed 30 mbar at MCR. An exhaust
gas velocity through the pipe of maximum 35 m/sec is often suitable, but de-
pends on the actual piping.
During commissioning and maintenance work, checking of the exhaust gas
back pressure by means of a temporarily connected measuring device may
become necessary. For this purpose, a measuring socket must be provided
approx. 1-2 m after the exhaust gas outlet of the turbocharger at an easily ac-
cessible place. Usual pressure measuring devices require a measuring socket
size of ½". This measuring socket must be provided to ensure utilisation
without any damage to the exhaust gas pipe insulation.
MAN Energy Solutions will be pleased to assist in making a calculation of the
exhaust back-pressure.
The gas outlet of turbocharger, the expansion bellows, the exhaust pipe, and
silencer, (in case of silencer with spark arrestor care must be taken that the
cleaning parts are accessible), must be insulated with a suitable material.
2021-06-20 - en
The insulation should be shielded by a thin plating, and should comply with
Exhaust gas system
the requirements of the classification society and/or the local authorities.
Exhaust pipe dimensions

It should be noted that concerning the maximum exhaust gas velocity the
Description
pipe dimension after the expansion bellows should be increased for some of
the engines.
The wall thickness of the external exhaust pipe should be min. 3 mm.
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
Mk2;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L23/30DF;L28/32DF;L16/24;L
21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (5)
1655213-2.6
Exhaust pipe mounting

When the exhaust piping is mounted, the radiation of noise and heat must be
taken into consideration.
Because of thermal fluctuations in the exhaust pipe, it is necessary to use flex-
ible as well as rigid suspension points.
In order to compensate for thermal expansion in the longitudinal direction, ex-
pansion bellows must be inserted. The expansion bellows should preferably
be placed at the rigid suspension points.
Note: The exhaust pipe must not exert any force against the gas outlet on the
engine.
One sturdy fixed-point support must be provided for the expansion bellows
on the turbocharger. It should be positioned, if possible, immediately above
the expansion bellows in order to prevent the transmission of forces, resulting
from the weight, thermal expansion or lateral displacement of the exhaust pip-
ing, to the turbocharger.
The exhaust piping should be mounted with a slope towards the gas outlet on
the engine. It is recommended to have drain facilities in order to be able to re-
move condensate or rainwater.
Position of gas outlet on turbocharger

B 16 02 0 shows turning alternatives positions of the exhaust gas outlet. Be-
fore dispatch of the engine exhaust gas outlet will be turned to the wanted
position.
The turbocharger is, as standard, mounted in the front end.
Exhaust gas boiler

To utilize the thermal energy from the exhaust, an exhaust gas boiler produ-
cing steam or hot water can be installed.
Each engine should have a separate exhaust gas boiler or, alternatively, a
common boiler with separate gas ducts. Concerning exhaust gas quantities
and temperature, see "List of capacities" D 10 05 0, and "Engine perform-
ance" D 10 10 0.
The discharge temperature from the exhaust gas boiler should not be lower
than 180°C (in order to avoid sulphuric acid formation in the funnel).
The exhaust gas boilers should be installed with by-pass entering in function
at low-load operation.
2021-06-20 - en
The back-pressure over the boiler must be included in the back-pressure cal-
Exhaust gas system
culation.
Expansion bellows
The expansion bellows, which is supplied separately, must be mounted dir-
ectly on the exhaust gas outlet, see also E 16 01 1-2.
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
2 (5) 21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
1655213-2.6
Exhaust silencer
The position of the silencer in the exhaust gas piping is not decisive for the si-
lencing effect. It would be useful, however, to fit the silencer as high as pos-
sible to reduce fouling. The necessary silencing depends on the loudness of
the exhaust sound and the discharge from the gas outlet to the bridge wing.
The exhaust silencer, see E 16 04 2-3-5-6, is supplied loose with counter-
flange, gaskets and bolts.
2021-06-20 - en
Exhaust gas system

Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 3 (5)
1655213-2.6
2021-06-20 - en
Exhaust gas system
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
4 (5) 21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
1655213-2.6
Resulting installation demands
If the recommended exhaust gas back pressure cannot be kept due to ex-
haust gas after treatment installations. Following items need to be considered.
Exhaust gas back pressure after turbocharger

Operating pressure Δpexh, standard 0 ... 30 mbar
Operating pressure Δpexh, range with increase of fuel consumption 30 ... 60 mbar
Operating pressure Δpexh, where a customized engine matching is needed > 60 mbar

Table 1: Exhaust gas back pressure after turbocharger
Intake air pressure turbocharger

Operating pressure Δpintake, standard 0 ... –20 mbar
Operating pressure Δpintake, range with increase of fuel consumption –20 ... –40 mbar
Operating pressure Δpintake, where a customized engine matching is needed < –40 mbar

Table 2: Intake air pressure turbocharger
Sum of the exhaust gas back pressure after turbocharger and the absolute value of the intake air pressure before turbocharger
Operating pressure Δpexh + Abs(Δpintake), standard 0 ... 50 mbar
Operating pressure Δpexh + Abs(Δpintake), range with increase of fuel consumption 50 ... 100 mbar
Operating pressure Δpexh + Abs(Δpintake), where a customized engine matching is needed > 100 mbar
Table 3: Sum of the exhaust gas back pressure after turbocharger and the absolute value of the intake air
pressure before turbocharger
18014405386450059
Maximum exhaust gas pressure drop – Layout

▪ Shipyard and supplier of equipment in exhaust gas line have to ensure
that pressure drop Δpexh over entire exhaust gas piping incl. pipe work,
scrubber, boiler, silencer, etc. must stay below stated standard operating
pressure at all operating conditions.
▪ It is recommended to consider an additional 10 mbar for consideration of
aging and possible fouling/staining of the components over lifetime.
▪ Possible counter measures could be a proper dimensioning of the entire
flow path including all installed components or even the installation of an
exhaust gas blower if necessary.
2021-06-20 - en
▪ At the same time the pressure drop Δpintake in the intake air path must be
Exhaust gas system
kept below stated standard operating pressure at all operating conditions

and including aging over lifetime.
18014405386450059
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 5 (5)
1655213-2.6
18014405386450059
2021-06-20 - en
Exhaust gas system
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
Pressure drop in exhaust gas system
1624460-4.4
General

2021-10-08 - en
Description
Figure 1: Nomogram for pressure drop in exhaust gas piping system.
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
Mk2;L28/32S;L23/30S;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;V28/32S-
DF;V28/32H;L23/30DF;L28/32DF;V28/32S;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/3
2H, 1459000 1 (3)
1624460-4.4
Permissible total resistance:

IMO Tier II: 30 mbar

IMO Tier III (SCR), scrubber and other aftertreatment: 50 mbar
2021-10-08 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
Mk2;L28/32S;L23/30S;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;V28/32S-
2 (3) 2H, 1459000
1624460-4.4
Density of air
Density of air can be determined by following empiric, formula*:
* This formula is only valid between -20° to 60°C.

Example
At ambient air conditions 20°C and pressure 0.98 bar, the density is:
45036003434143115

2021-10-08 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
Mk2;L28/32S;L23/30S;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;V28/32S-
2H, 1459000 3 (3)
1624460-4.4
45036003434143115
2021-10-08 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
Mk2;L28/32S;L23/30S;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;V28/32S-
2H, 1459000
Equipment to optimize performance
3700546-9.2
Overview
MAN Energy Solutions four-stroke Diesel engines and turbochargers are de-
signed in accordance with specifications so that optimum results, e.g. fuel
consumption and emissions performance, are obtained through the services
normally provided. However, it is possible that specific operating situations
could be managed more effectively using additional or alternative equipment.
Equipment used to adapt the engine to specific operating conditions or to op-
timise its performance is listed in Table 1. The ideal areas of application are
also stated in this table. The purpose of table is to provide you with an over-
view of the options available and the circumstances in which they should be
used.
Equipment/Measure Propulsion GenSet

Blow off charge air X
Bypass charge air X X
Charge air preheating – via H.T./L.T. switch-over X X

(2-stage charge air cooler)
Blow off exhaust gas (Waste gate) X X
Accelerate turbocharger (Jet assist) X X
Compressor by-pass X
X = Availability
Table 1: Equipment for optimising the operating behaviour
Brief description
Charge air blow off or com- Blow-off charge air pressure used for:
pressor by-pass
▪ Reduction of charge air pressure/max. pressure at cold ambient condi-
tions.
▪ Prevent surging at cold ambient conditions.
▪ Control of max. pressure at "Part Load Optimised" operation.
▪ Control of exhaust gas temperature for SCR operation.
When operating engines under full load at a low intake temperature (≤ 5°C)
there is a danger, due to the high air density, that the charge pressure, and
2022-01-11 - en
therefore the ignition pressure, increases excessively. In order to avoid such

conditions, excess charge air in front of or after the charge air cooler is re-
moved and released. In the first case, the charge air is blown off into the en-
gine room and in the second case, when charge air released from the charge
air cooler is hot, the charge air is blown off into atmosphere to prevent danger
to persons and equipment. Alternatively, this hot charge air may be also used
for inlet air preheating, called compressor by-pass.
Description
Charge air by-pass Charge air by-pass used for:

▪ EPROX GenSet version (variable speed DC)
▪ For "Fixed Pitch Propeller" operation on part load.
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S 1 (3)
▪ Increaseds charge air pressure and airflow.

3700546-9.2
▪ Decreases exhaust gas temperatures.

▪ Decreases smoke emission.
The charge air pipe is connected via a pipe with a smaller diameter and a by-
pass flap to the exhaust pipe. The flap is closed in normal operation. In the
case of propeller operation (diesel-mechanical) at engine loads between 20%
and 60% and at rated or reduced speed, the flap is opened to direct a part of
the charge air into the exhaust pipe upstream of the turbine. The increased air
flow of the turbine results in a higher charge air pressure of the compressor
and consequently in improved operating behaviour of the engine. Additionally
this flap may be used to prevent turbocharger pumping.
The throttle flap is controlled by a pneumatic actuator cylinder depending on
the engine speed and the filling setting of the fuel delivery pumps.
Charge air preheating - 2- Charge air preheating:
stage charge air cooler ▪ For HFO low load operation (improves ignition delay).
▪ Increases charge air temperature (compression temperature).
▪ Decreases smoke emission.
Charge air preheating – via L.T. (low temperature) cut-out is used in the partial
load range from 0 % to 40 % of engine load, to achieve the higher charge air
temperature. Thereby an improved combustion is ensured and thus - condi-
tionally reduced exhaust smoke.
Device for accelerating the This equipment is used where special demands exist for rapid acceleration
jet assist and/or load application. In such cases, the compressed air from the starting
air cylinders is reduced to 4 bars (relative), directed to the compressor casing
of the turbocharger and blown to the compressor wheel. In this way, addi-
tional air is supplied to the compressor which, in turn, is accelerated, thus in-
creasing the charge air pressure. Operation of the accelerating system is ac-
tivated by the control system, during start-up and load steps.
Waste gate (WG) Exhaust gas waste gate used for:
▪ Control of max. pressure at "Part Load Optimised" operation.
▪ Control of exhaust gas temperature for SCR operation.
By blowing-off exhaust gas before the turbine, and its return to the exhaust
pipe behind the turbine, exhaust gas pressure reduction at the turbocharger
takes place and result in lower TC rpm and lower charge air pressure. This
measure is necessary when the turbocharger is designed for an optimised
partial-load operation. The WG result in higher exhaust temperatures which
are used in connection with SCR after treatment of the exhaust gas.
2022-01-11 - en
Description
2 (3) Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S
3700546-9.2
Figure 1: Overview of flaps
18014425444260747

2022-01-11 - en
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S 3 (3)
3700546-9.2
18014425444260747
2022-01-11 - en
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S
Cleaning the turbocharger in service - turbine side
3700418-8.3
Description
High exhaust gas temperatures are often observed and claimed in service.
High exhaust gas temperatures are normally caused by fouling on the turbine
side of the turbocharger:
➣ Fouling turbine (coke deposit)

➭ Lower turbocharger performance
➭ Lower air flow / pressure through the engine
➭ Increasing exhaust gas temperatures
➭ Increasing fuel oil consumption
Fouling of the turbine and consequently higher exhaust gas temperature is in-
fluenced by: level of maintenance, condition of the fuel injection nozzles / fuel
pumps, fuel oil quality and/or long-term low-load operation.
Smaller turbochargers are, due to area-relation in matching parts, more sens-
itive to coke deposit than larger turbochargers and consequently low power
engines as L16/24 or L23/30H will need turbine cleaning more frequent than
more powerful engines.
Turbine cleaning intervals must be expected to be following when operating
on HFO:
“D-D” Dry-cleaning Daily Cleaning
“W-W” Wet-cleaning Weekly

Cleaning intervals can be shorter/longer based on operational experience.
Regular performance observations will show the trend in charge air pressure,
exhaust gas temperatures, and define the cleaning intervals for the turbine.
However the turbine must be cleaned when exhaust gas temperature before
turbine are about 20°C above the normal temperature (ISO corrected) (Sea
trial).
Practical service experience have revealed that turbine side of turbocharger
only can be sufficient cleaned by combination of nut-shell dry cleaning and
water washing.
Dry cleaning of turbine side

This cleaning method employs cleaning agents consisting of dry solid bodies
in the form of granules. A certain amount of these granules, depending on the
turbocharger size, is, by means of compressed air, blown into the exhaust
2021-06-20 - en
gas line before the gas inlet casing of the turbocharger.

The injection of granules is done by means of working air with a pressure of
5-7 bar.
On account of their hardness, particularly suited blasting agents such as nut-
shells, broken or artificially shaped activated charcoal with a grain size of 1.0
mm to max. 1.5 mm should be used as cleaning agents.
Description
The solid bodies have a mechanical cleaning effect which removes any de-
posits on nozzle vanes and turbine blades.
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 1 (6)
Dry cleaning can be executed at full engine load and does not require any
3700418-8.3
subsequent operating period of the engine in order to dry out the exhaust sys-
tem.
Cleaning system
The cleaning system consists of a cleaning agent container (2) with a capacity
of approx. 0.5 liters and a removable cover. Furthermore the system consists
of an air valve (3), a closing valve (1) and two snap on connectors.
The position numbers (2) and (3) indicate the system's "blow-gun". Only one
"blow-gun" is used for each engine plant. The blow-gun is working according
to the ejector principle with pressure air (working air) at 5-7 bar as driven me-
dium. Injection time approx. 2 min. Air consumption approx. 5 Nm3/2 min.
1 Closing valve 2 Container

3 Air valve 4 Working air inlet
5 Exhaust pipe 6 Snap coupling
Figure 1: Arrangement of dry cleaning of turbocharger - turbine
2021-06-20 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
2 (6) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700418-8.3
2021-06-20 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 3 (6)
3700418-8.3
8. “A-C Cleaner” (Activated Coal)
Mitsui Kozan Co. Ltd. (Fuel Dept.)

Tokyo, Japan
9. “OMT-701”
Marix KK
3-24-10, Nishi Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
10. “OMT-701”
OMT Incorporated
2-8 Hatchobori
4-chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 1040032, Japan
11. “Marine Grid No. 14” (Walnut)

Hikawa Marine Corporation

Japan
12. “Marine Grid No. 14”
Mashin Shokai
12-26 Hamamachi Mojiku, Kitakyushushi 801-0856 Japan
13. Granulate

Teglholmsgade 41 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
2021-06-20 - en
The list is for guidance only and must not be considered complete.
We undertake no responsibility that might be caused by these or other products.
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
4 (6) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700418-8.3
Water washing of turbine side
The water flow must be so high that all of the water do not evaporate. Also
the waterflow must not be so high that the turbine wheel is drowned and
stops rotating. The exhaust gas temperature before turbine and turbine speed
must be adjusted in accordance with the below table.
Carry out sequential washing so that exhaust gas temperature after turbine
drops below 100°C and in the drying period increases to more than 100°C.
The necessary water flow is depending on exhaust gas flow and temperature.
The flow needed depends on the turbocharger size.
For preadjustment of the washing tool, check that the water flow is in accord-
ance with the value in the below table. Open the water supply and adjust the
water flow at the valve at the tool. Check in a bucket that the water flow is in
the correct range.
Type Flow rate of washing water
l/min
TCR10 3
TCR12 5
TCR14 7.5
TCR16 7.5
TCR18 10
TCR20 13.5
TCR22 20

The max. permissible cleaning conditions:
u2 = 300 m/s
TvT = 320oC anc
Pwater max. = approx. 3 bar
u2 = peripheral speed of the turbine rotor

TvT = exhaust gas temperature upstream of turbine
Pwater max. = water pressure
Table 1: Quantity of washing water for turbine cleaning
Experience has shown, that washing at regular intervals is essential to suc-

cessful cleaning, as excessive fouling is thus avoided. Washing at intervals of
150 hours is therefore recommended. Depending on the fuel quality these in-
tervals can be shorter or longer. However, the turbine must be washed at the
2021-06-20 - en
latest when the exhaust gas temperature upstream of the turbine has risen
about 20° C above the normal temperature.
Heavily contaminated turbines, which where not cleaned periodically from the
very beginning or after an overhaul, cannot be cleaned by this method.
If vibration in the turbocharger occur after waterwashing has been carried out,
the washing should be repeated. If unbalance still exists, this is presumably
due to heavy fouling, and the engine must be stopped and the turbocharger
Description
dismantled and manually cleaned.

The cleaning effect is based on the water solubility of the deposits and on the
mechanical action of the impinging water droplets and the water flow rate.
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24 5 (6)
The washing water should be taken from the fresh water system and not from
3700418-8.3
the fresh cooling water system or salt water system. No cleaning agents and
solvents need to be added to the water.
To avoid corrosion during standstill, the engine must, upon completing of wa-
ter washing run for at least 1 hour before stop to insure that all parts are dry.
Water washing arrangement / tool

New engines are as standard delivered with "water washing gun" as a part of
standard tools for engines. The tool can be seen in figure 2 and is using the
same connecting as the dry cleaning connection.
Figure 2: Maneuvering valve
The water for washing the turbine, is supplied from the external fresh water
system through a flexible hose with couplings. The flexible hose must be dis-
connected after water washing.
By activating the maneuvering valve and the regulating valve the water is
sprayed into the exhaust gas pipe before the turbine side of the turbocharger.
See specific work card for water washing of turbine side. The water that is not
evaporated is led out through a drain pipe in the exhaust gas outlet.
45036013384351115
2021-06-20 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
6 (6) 23/30H;L21/31S;L21/31;L16/24S;L16/24
3700702-7.0
Dimensions
Dimensions
Engine type A B C
5 cyl. 900/100 rpm 792 740 2074
6-7 cyl. 900/100 rpm 792 743 2160.5
8 cyl. 900 rpm 792 743 2160.5
8 cyl. 1000 rpm 792 790 2267
9 cyl. 900/1000 rpm 792 790 2267
56804702347
Flange
Exhaust flange D. mating dimensions

Engine type OD /DN (mm) T (mm) PCD (mm) Hole size (mm) No of holes
2021-12-13 - en
5 cyl. 900/1000 rpm (TCR14) 490/350 20 445 22 12
6 cyl. 900/1000 rpm (TCR16) 595/450 20 550 22 16
7 cyl. 900/1000 rpm (TCR16) 645/500 20 600 22 20
8 cyl. 900 rpm (TCR16) 645/500 20 600 22 20

Description
8 cyl. 1000 rpm (TCR18) 645/500 20 600 22 20
9L21/31, 900/1000 rpm (TCR18) 703/550 20 650 22 20

56804702347
L21/31-Mk2 1 (1)
3700702-7.0
56804702347
2021-12-13 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2
Starting of engine
1655204-8.10
General
The engine can be loaded according to the following procedure:

A) Normal start without pre-heated cooling water. Only on MDO/MGO. Con-
tinuous pre-lubrication.
B) Normal start with pre-heated cooling water. On MDO/MGO or HFO. Con-
tinuous pre-lubrication.
C) Stand-by engine. Emergency start, with pre-heated cooling water. On
MDO/MGO or HFO. Continuous pre-lubrication.
The curves indicate the absolute shortest load-up time and we advise that
loading up to 100% take some more minutes.
Starting on HFO
2021-03-30 - en
During shorter stops or if the engine is in a standby position on HFO, the en-
gine must be pre-heated, and HFO viscosity must be in the range 12–18 cSt.
Starting of engine
During, pre-heating the jacket cooling water temperature must be kept as

high as possible at least 60°C (± 5°C) either by cooling water from engines
which are running or with a built-in pre-heater.
If the engine normally runs on HFO, pre-heated fuel must be circulated
through the injection pumps while pre-heating the engine, although the engine
Description
just has run or has been flushed on MDO/MGO for a short period.
L21/31-Mk2;L27/38S;L16/24S;L21/31S;L16/24;L21/31;L27/38 1 (2)
Starting on MDO/MGO
1655204-8.10
For starting on MDO/MGO, there are no restrictions except for the lubricating
oil viscosity, which may not be higher than 1500 cSt (10°C for SAE 40).
Initial ignition may be difficult if the engine and the ambient temperature are
lower than 5°C and the cooling water temperature is lower than 15°C.
Prelubricating
Continuous pre-lubrication is standard.
Pre-lubrication at intervals is not allowed for stand-by engines.
If the pre-lubrication, has been switch-off for more than 20 minutes the start
valve will be blocked.
36028803839197067
2021-03-30 - en
Starting of engine
Description
2 (2) L21/31-Mk2;L27/38S;L16/24S;L21/31S;L16/24;L21/31;L27/38
Load curves for diesel electric propulsion
3700225-8.1
Running the GenSet as diesel electric propulsion
Figure 1: .
When using the GenSet as diesel electric propulsion the curves in fig. 1 is to

be followed.
During Diesel Electrical Propulsion normally the Generators are running in iso-
chronous load sharing to improve load sharing during high load transients.
A proper load curve is to be set in the propulsion system to get as smooth
load sharing and engine performance as possible.
Isochronous load sharing is done on two possible ways.
1. Using the standard system where the engine control system is working
as speed governor. For load sharing a load sharing devise is used for fast
and proper load sharing.
2022-04-20 - en
2. An external speed governor is used for speed control and proper load
control.
Both systems requires additional interface to the power management system
and the main switchboard.
Description
L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38 1 (2)
3700225-8.1
Windmilling protection
If no loaded engines (fuel admission at zero) are being driven by the propeller,
this is called "windmilling". The permissible period for windmilling is short, as
windmilling may result in opening circuit breaker due to reverse power. The
vessels total hotel consumption might very well be lower that the reverse
power set point for the connected GenSets.
Please be aware that fuel admission below “0” cannot be controlled by the
governors or load sharing device.
9007208406052619
2022-04-20 - en
Description
2 (2) L16/24;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L27/38
3700645-2.1
Running the GenSet as diesel electric propulsion
When using the GenSet as diesel electric propulsion the curves in fig. 1 is to
be followed.
During Diesel Electrical Propulsion normally the Generators are running in iso-
chronous load sharing to improve load sharing during high load transients.
A proper load curve is to be set in the propulsion system to get as smooth
load sharing and engine performance as possible.
Figure 1: Loading of GenSet (8L21/31).

2022-04-20 - en
Description
Figure 2: Loading of GenSet with variable rpm (8L21/31).

Rpm signal to be simultaneous with load signal.
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2, Eprox 1 (2)

3700645-2.1
Windmilling protection
If no loaded engines (fuel admission at zero) are being driven by the propeller,
this is called "windmilling". The permissible period for windmilling is short, as
windmilling may result in opening circuit breaker due to reverse power. The
vessels total hotel consumption might very well be lower that the reverse
power set point for the connected GenSets.
Please be aware that fuel admission below “0” cannot be controlled by the
governors or load sharing device.
9007240312294283
2022-04-20 - en
Description
2 (2) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2, Eprox

Actuators
1689484-9.1
Actuator types
As standard, the engines are equipped with an electro-hydraulic actuator,
make Regulateurs Europa, type 2800; or make Woodward, type UG25+.
Speed Control is carried out via SaCoSone GENSET.
Actuator signal
Actuator input signal
Regulateurs Europa, 0-1 A nominal operating range
type 2800
Woodward, 4-20mA nominal operating range

type UG25+
18014405333572107
Speed adjustment range

Speed adjustment range is adjustable in SaCoSone.
Droop
Droop is adjustable in SaCoSone.
18014405333572107
2021-03-30 - en
Actuators
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L16/24;L21/31;L27/38, SaCoSone 1 (1)

1689484-9.1
18014405333572107
2021-03-30 - en
Actuators
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L16/24;L21/31;L27/38, SaCoSone
Actuators
3700320-4.2
Actuator type
As optional, the engines are equipped with an electro-hydraulic actuator,
make Woodward, type UG25+. Speed Control is carried out via SaCoSone
GENSET.
Actuator signal
Actuator input signal
Woodward, 4-20mA nominal operating range
type UG25+
18014408998201995

Speed adjustment range is adjustable in SaCoSone.
Droop
Droop is adjustable in SaCoSone.
18014408998201995
2021-03-30 - en
Actuators
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L16/24;L27/38;L21/31, SaCoS 1 (1)

3700320-4.2
18014408998201995
2021-03-30 - en
Actuators
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L16/24;L27/38;L21/31, SaCoS
Control and safety systems
3700646-4.1
General information
This document is valid for the following engine types:
▪ L16/24
▪ L21/31
▪ L23/30
▪ L27/38
▪ L28/32
The monitoring and safety system SaCoSone GENSET serves for complete
engine operation, control, monitoring and safety of GenSets. All sensors and
operating devices are wired to the engine-attached units.
The SaCoSone design is based on high reliable and approved components as
well as modules specially designed for installation on medium speed engines.
The used components are harmonised to a homogenously system. The whole
system is attached to the engine cushioned against vibration.

2022-04-19 - en
Figure 1: SaCoSone GENSET mounted on a L16/24 GenSet (Probable Lay-

out)
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S, SaCoS - 1.5.3 1 (12)
3700646-4.1
Control Unit and Connection Box
Figure 2: Example of Control Unit and Connection Box of 16/24, 21/31 and
27/38
2022-04-19 - en
Figure 3: Example of Control Unit and Connection Box of 23/30

Description
2 (12) Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S, SaCoS - 1.5.3
3700646-4.1
Figure 4: Example of Control Unit and Connection Box of 28/32
Control Unit
The Control Unit includes a highly integrated Control Module for engine con-
trol, monitoring and alarm system (alarm limits and delay). The module collects
engines measuring data and transfers most measurements and data to the
ship alarm system via Modbus.
Furthermore, the Control Unit is equipped with a Display Module. This mod-
ule consists of a touchscreen and an integrated PLC for the safety system.
The Display Module also acts as safety system for over speed, low lubrication
oil pressure and high cooling water temperature.
The Display Module provides the following functions:
▪ safety system
▪ visualisation of measured values and operating values on a touchscreen
▪ engine operation via touchscreen
The safety system is electrically separated from the control system due to re-
quirements of the classification societies.
For engine operation, additional hardwired switches are available for relevant
functions.
The system configuration can be edited via an Ethernet interface at the Dis-
play Module.
2022-04-19 - en
Connection Box
The Connection Box is the central connecting and distribution point for the 24
VDC power supply of the whole system.
Furthermore it connects the Control Unit with the GenSet and the ship alarm
system.
Description
3700646-4.1
Figure 5: Schematic view of Control Unit and Connection Box

27021639083500043
Multifunction Monitoring System (MMS)

The multifunction monitoring system (MMS) is part of the alarm and safety
system and is connected via the redundant CAN bus to the control module.
2022-04-19 - en
Figure 6: Multifunction Monitoring System
Systembus
The SaCoSone system is equipped with a redundant bus based on CAN. The
Description
bus connects all system modules. This redundant bus system provides the
basis data exchange between the modules. The control module operates dir-
ectly with electro-hydraulic actuator.
3700646-4.1
Figure 7: System bus
Technical data of Control Unit and Connection Box
Figure 8: Example shows the dimensions of L16/24

2022-04-19 - en
L16/24 L21/31 L27/38 L23/30 L28/32

Width 400 mm 400 mm 400 mm 532 mm 742 mm
Height 480 mm 565 mm 480 mm 851 mm 742 mm
Length 869 mm 1168 mm 1323 mm 1284 mm 1424 mm
Length overall 902 mm 1201 mm 1356 mm 1317 mm 1456 mm

Description
Weight 60 kg 60 kg 65 kg 58 kg 60 kg
3700646-4.1
Technical data of MMS
Figure 9: Example shows the dimensions of the MMS. The dimensions are
equal for all types of GenSet.
L16/24 L21/31 L27/38 L23/30 L28/32

Width 380 mm 380 mm 380 mm 380 mm 380 mm
Height 380 mm 380 mm 380 mm 380 mm 380 mm
Length 210 mm 210 mm 210 mm 210 mm 210 mm
Length overall 243 mm 243 mm 243 mm 243 mm 243 mm
Weight 20 kg 20 kg 20 kg 20 kg 20 kg

27021639083500043
System description
Safety system
Safety functions
The safety system monitors all operating data of the engine and initiates the
2022-04-19 - en
required actions, i.e. engine shut-down, in case the limit values are exceed-
ed. The safety system is integrated the Display Module.
The safety system directly actuates the emergency shut-down device and the
stop facility of the speed governor.
Auto shutdown
Description
Auto shutdown is an engine shutdown initiated by any automatic supervision

of engine internal parameters.
Emergency stop
3700646-4.1
Emergency stop is an engine shutdown initiated by an operator manual action
like pressing an emergency stop button. An emergency stop button is placed
at the Control Unit on engine. For connection of an external emergency stop
button there is one input channel at the Connection Box.
Engine shutdown
If an engine shutdown is triggered by the safety system, the emergency stop
signal has an immediate effect on the emergency shut-down device and the
speed control. At the same time the emergency stop is triggered, SaCoSone
issues a signal resulting in the generator switch to be opened.
Shutdown criteria
▪ Engine overspeed
▪ Failure of both engine speed sensors
▪ Lube oil pressure at engine inlet low
▪ HT cooling water temperature outlet too high
▪ High alternator winding temperature from MMS
▪ High bearing temperature/deviation from MMS
▪ High Splash-Oil temperature/deviation from MMS
▪ High oilmist concentration in crankcase (optional)
▪ Remote Shutdown (optional)
▪ Differential protection (optional)
▪ Earth connector closed (optional)
▪ Gas leakage (optional)
Alarm/monitoring system
Alarming
The alarm function of SaCoSone supervises all necessary parameters and
generates alarms to indicate discrepancies when required. The alarms will be
transferred to ship alarm system via Modbus data communication.
Self-monitoring
SaCoSone carries out independent self-monitoring functions. Thus, for ex-
ample the connected sensors are checked constantly for function and wire
break. In case of a fault SaCoSone reports the occurred malfunctions in single

system components via system alarms.
2022-04-19 - en
Control
SaCoSone controls all engine-internal functions as well as external compon-
ents, for example
▪ Start/stop sequences:
Local and remote start/stop sequence for the GenSet.
Activation of start device. Control (auto start/stop signal) regarding pre-
lubrication oil pump.
Description
Monitoring and control of the acceleration period.

▪ Jet system:
For air fuel ratio control purposes, compressed air is lead to the tur-
bocharger at start and at load steps.
▪ Control signals for external functions:

3700646-4.1
Nozzle cooling water pump (only engine type 32/40)

HT cooling water preheating unit
Prelubrication oil pump control
▪ Redundant shutdown functions:
Engine overspeed
Low lub. oil pressure inlet engine
High cooling water temperature outlet engine
Speed Control System

Governor
The engine electronic speed control is realized by the Control Module. As
standard, the engine is equipped with an electro-hydraulic actuator.
Speed adjustment
Local, manual speed setting is possible at the Control Unit with a turn switch.
Remote speed setting is either possible via 4-20mA signal or by using hard-
wired lower/raise commands.
Between -5% and +10% of the nominal speed at idle running.
Droop
Adjustable by parameterisation tool from 0-5% droop.
Load distribution
By droop setting.
Engine stop
Engine stop can be initiated local at the display module and remote via a
hardware channel or the bus interface.
Multifunction Monitoring System (MMS)

The Multifunction Monitoring System has the following functions:
▪ Monitoring of the splash oil temperature
▪ Monitoring of the main bearing temperature
▪ Monitoring of the crankcase pressure
▪ Monitoring of the camshaft sprocket bearing temperature

▪ Monitoring of the alternator bearing and winding temperature
2022-04-19 - en
▪ Monitoring of the exhaust gas temperature

▪ Connection for an oil mist detector
▪ Monitoring of the engine speed
Only PT1000 temperature sensors can be monitored!

Description
The MMS can only monitor PT1000 temperature sensors and NiCrNi
exhaust gas temperature sensors.
3700646-4.1
Interfaces to external systems
27021639083500043
Overview
A detailed signal description is available on the GS Product page in the docu-
ment “SaCoSone GENSET for L16/24, L21/31, L23/30, L27/38, L28/32 – In-
terface Description”.

2022-04-19 - en
Description
3700646-4.1
2022-04-19 - en
Description
Figure 10: Signal overview
3700646-4.1
Overview of MMS
Figure 11: Signal overview MMS

27021639083500043
Data Machinery Interface

This interface serves for data exchange to ship alarm systems or integrated
automation systems (IAS).
The status messages, alarms and safety actions, which are generated in the
system, can be transferred. All measuring values and alarms acquired by
SaCoSone GENSET are available for transfer.
The following MODBUS protocols are available:
▪ MODBUS RTU (Standard)
▪ MODBUS ASCII (for retrofits)
For a detailed description of these protocols see the document “SaCoSone
GENSET, Communication from the GenSet”.
Generator Control
SaCoSone provides inputs for all temperature signals for the temperatures of
2022-04-19 - en
the generator bearings and generator windings.
Power Management
Hardwired interface for remote start/stop, speed setting, alternator circuit
breaker trip etc.
Description
Remote control
For remote control several digital inputs are available.
3700646-4.1
Ethernet interface
The Ethernet interface at the Display Module can be used for the connection
of SaCoSone EXPERT.
Serial interface
CoCoS-EDS can be connected to a serial RS485 interface.
Power supply
The plant has to provide electric power for the automation and monitoring
system. In general a redundant, uninterrupted 24V DC (+20% -30% and max
ripple 10%) power supply is required for SaCoSone.
SaCoSone GENSET requires a 24V DC, 10 A power supply with a 10 A pre-
fuse and a 24V DC, 10 A uninterrupted power supply with a 10 A pre-fuse.
2022-04-19 - en
Description
Figure 12: Power supply diagram

27021639083500043
Operation data
3700715-9.0
Engine load @ MCR
Description Normal value at full load at Acceptable value at
ISO conditions shop test or after re-
pair
Temperature after cooler, inlet engine °C TI 21 68-73 <73

TE2165
Pressure after filter, inlet engine bar PI 22 4.2-5.0 >4.5

PT2170
Pressure drop across filter bar PDAH 21-22 0.1-1 <0.5

PDAH2165
Prelubricating pressure bar (PI 22) 0.13-1.5 <1.0

PT2170
Pressure, inlet turbocharger bar PI 23 1.3-2.2 (C) >1.3

PT2570
Pressure before filter bar PI 21 4.5-5.5

PT2165
Temperature main bearing °C TI 29 80-95

TE
Fuel oil system
Pressure after filter - MDO bar PI 40 5-8

PT5070
Pressure after filter - HFO bar PI 40 8-10 (A)

PT5070
Temperature inlet engine - MDO °C TI 40 30-40

TE5070
Temperature inlet engine - HFO °C TI 40 110-150

TE5070

2022-04-08 - en
Pressure LT system, inlet engine bar PI 01 2.4-4.5 >1.8

PT4170
Pressure HT system, inlet engine bar PI 10 2.0-5.0 >1.8-<6

Operation data
PT3170
Temperature HT system, outlet engine °C TI 12 75-85 <85

TE3180
Description
Temperature LT system, inlet engine °C TI 01 30-40

TE4170
Exhaust gas and charge air
L21/31S;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31 1 (3)
Description Normal value at full load at Acceptable value at

3700715-9.0
ISO conditions shop test or after re-

pair
Exhaust gas temperature, inlet TC °C TI 62
TE6575
L21/31 510-560
L21/31 Mk 2 510-575
Exhaust gas temperature, outlet cyl °C TI 60 350-450

TE6570
Difference between individual cyl. °C TDAH 60 average ±25

TDAH6570
Exhaust gas temperature, outlet TC °C TI 61

TE6580
L21/31 (200 kW/cyl) 250-350
L21/31 (220 kW/cyl) 300-380
L21/31 Mk 2 (200 kW/cyl) TBD
L21/31 Mk 2 (220 kW/cyl 300-390
Charge air pressure, after cooler bar PI 31

PT6180
L21/31 3.2-3.5
L21/31 Mk 2 3.2
Charge air temperature, after cooler °C TI 31 40-55 <55

TE6180
Pressure inlet engine bar PI 70

PT7170
TDI 7-8 (max 10) >7-<8
Gali < 30 16-30
Alternator
Winding temperature °C TI 98 100

TE1095
Bearing temperature °C TI 27 40-60

TE1094
Alarm set points

2022-04-08 - en
All alarm set points have to be found in "List of measuring and control
devices" (LMC-list). This is included in documentation to SaCoS.
Operation data
Remarks to individual parameters

Description
A. Fuel oil pressure, HFO operation

When operating on HFO, the system pressure must be sufficient to depress
any tendency to gasification of the hot fuel.
2 (3) L21/31S;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31
The system pressure has to be adjusted according to the fuel oil preheating
3700715-9.0
temperature.
C. Lubricating oil pressure, offset adjustment

The read outs of lubricating oil pressure has an offset adjustment because of
the transmitter placement. This has to be taken into account in case of test
and calibration of the transmitter.
58899350283
2022-04-08 - en
Operation data
Description
L21/31S;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31 3 (3)
3700715-9.0
58899350283
2022-04-08 - en
Operation data
Description
L21/31S;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31
List of Measuring and Control Devices
Control Syst.: SaCoSone GENSET

Plant-No: xxxxxxx
Codeword: L21/31 SB Genset Master
Serial No.: yyyyyyy
Engine Type: 9L21/31_
Classification: (no classification)
Plant Type: Diesel electric propulsion, Stationary and Auxiliary
Comment: Please also see separate LMC in case an optional multi-function monitoring
system (MMS) is used
Based upon: SBGenset Release 1.5.3

Created by: E. Kraus Date: 07.12.2018
Last Change by: E. Kraus Date: 11.12.2019
Revision: 1.5.3 preliminary for test purposes
Abbreviations used in the List of Measuring and Control Devices
AC, 3pAC: (3-phase) Alternating Current
CA: Charge Air
CCS: Counter Coupling Side
CMS/alarm: Control Module S/Alarm
CS: Coupling Side
CU: Control Unit
DC: Direct Current
DE: Drive End
DM/safety: Display Module/Safety
ECR: Engine Control Room
HTCW: High Temperature Cooling Water
LOP: Local Operating Panel
LTCW: Low Temperature Cooling Water
MMS: Multi-function Monitoring System
NC: Normally Closed
NDE: Non-Drive End
NO: Normally Open
ROP: Remote Operating Panel
TC: Turbocharger
VIT: Variable Injection Timing
WH: Wheelhouse
SaCoSoneGenset_LMC_L21-31_Rel.1.5.3.xlsm
No Measuring Point Measuring Point Description Remarks Mat.No. Measuring Nominal Setpoint Location Connected to Evaluation Signal Type
Aug Range Unit
10 1ESA0001 SS86 binary output signal collective signal shutdown NO hyst: - DM/safety
common shutdown active delay: -
closed at shutdown
20 2ESZ0002 auto shutdown collective signal CMS/alarm
governor system out of order - electronic speed governor
failure
- major alarm actuator
- double pickup failure
- wire break speed governor
actuator positioning signal
30 2ESZ0099 auto shutdown NO hyst: - DM/safety

from external delay: 0s
closed for shutdown
30 2ESZ0099 auto shutdown NC hyst: - DM/safety
from external delay: 0s
closed for shutdown
40 1ESB0099 Start blocking CMS/alarm
engine start release from
external not available
50 1ESA0003 SA99 binary output signal collective signal pre-alarm or NC opened at alarm CMS/alarm
common alarm system alarm active
60 1KAH0003 SX84 alarm upper time limit for stop 120s,H CMS/alarm
engine stop failure procedure exceeded
70 2KAH0003 SX83 alarm ignition speed or minimum 30s,H CMS/alarm
engine start failure speed not reached in time
80 2ESZ0101 auto shutdown DM/safety
alarm system out of order
90 5ESZ0201 auto shutdown from alarm CMS/alarm
system
safety system out of order
100 1SE1004 SE89 speed pickup 0-1 kHz engine CU CMS/alarm pulse pnp
TC speed
110 1SAH1004 SAH89 alarm 97% of max.TC-speed,H CMS/alarm software setpoint
TC speed high hyst: -1000 rpm
delay: 3s
120 1SE1005 SE90-1 speed pickup 11.99014-0203 0-1200 rpm/ 900 rpm/ engine CU CMS/alarm pulse pnp
engine speed 0-480 Hz 360 Hz
120 1SE1005 SE90-1 speed pickup 11.99014-0203 0-1200 rpm/ 1000 rpm/ engine CU CMS/alarm pulse pnp
130 2SE1005 SE90-2 speed pickup 11.99014-0203 0-1200 rpm/ 900 rpm/ engine CU DM/safety pulse pnp
130 2SE1005 SE90-2 speed pickup 11.99014-0203 0-1200 rpm/ 1000 rpm/ engine CU DM/safety pulse pnp
SaCoSoneGenset_LMC_L21-31_Rel.1.5.3.xlsm Engine Type: 9L21/31_ List of Measuring and Control Devices

Last change: 11.12.2019 Serial-No.: yyyyyyy Page 1 of 12
Aug Range Unit
140 1SAH1005 SAH81 alarm 1017 rpm,H/ 407 Hz CMS/alarm
engine overspeed (≙113% nom. speed)
hyst: -30 rpm
delay: -
140 1SAH1005 SAH81 alarm 1130 rpm,H/ 452 Hz CMS/alarm
hyst: -30 rpm
delay: -
150 1SZH1005 auto shutdown from alarm SD via CMS 1035 rpm,H/ 414 Hz CMS/alarm
system (≙115% nom. speed)
engine overspeed hyst: -
delay: -
150 1SZH1005 auto shutdown from alarm SD via CMS 1150 rpm,H/ 460 Hz CMS/alarm
system (≙115% nom. speed)
engine overspeed hyst: -
delay: -
160 2SZH1005 SSH81 auto shutdown SD via DM 1035 rpm,H/ 414 Hz DM/safety
hyst: -
delay: -
160 2SZH1005 SSH81 auto shutdown SD via DM 1150 rpm,H/ 460 Hz DM/safety
hyst: -
delay: -
170 2SEZ1005 auto shutdown double pickup failure CMS/alarm
engine speed total loss of
signals
180 1SV1010 ZT88 actuator speed and load governing engine connection box CMS/alarm 0..1A
engine fuel admission
180 1SV1010 ZT88 actuator speed and load governing engine connection box CMS/alarm 4..20mA
engine fuel admission
190 2KSZ1010 auto shutdown max. time for engine stop 120s,H CMS/alarm
engine stop failure exceeded
200 1SSV1011 SS83 solenoid valve actuated during engine start engine CU CMS/alarm
engine start
210 1SZV1012 SS86-1 solenoid valve emergency- and auto engine - -
emergency stop shutdown
210 1SZV1012-1 signal 1 of 1SZV1012 output from alarm system NC energised for stop engine CU CMS/alarm
(emergency stop valve)
210 1SZV1012-2 signal 2 of 1SZV1012 output from safety system NC energised for stop engine CU DM/safety
(emergency stop valve)
220 2ESZ1012 auto shutdown CMS/alarm
emergency shutdown
feedback failure

Aug Range Unit
230 1HZ1012 ZS82 push button manual local emergency CU - -
emergency stop from CU stop
230 1HZ1012-1 signal 1 of 1HZ1012 input for alarm system NO closed for stop CU CU CMS/alarm
(emergency stop from CU)
230 1HZ1012-2 signal 2 of 1HZ1012 input for safety system NO closed for stop CU CU DM/safety
(emergency stop from CU)
240 2HZZ1012 auto shutdown wire break 1HZ1012-1 and - - - - - DM/safety software setpoint
emergency stop from CU 1HZ1012-2
total loss of signals
250 6ES1013 binary input signal NO closed for em. Generator plant IC CMS/alarm binary
emergency generator mode mode and override
260 1ET1022 analog output signal engine CU CMS/alarm 4..20mA

fuel oil index
270 1XSV1030 solenoid valve energised to close flap engine connection box CMS/alarm
engine bypass
280 1XSV1031 solenoid valve engine CU CMS/alarm 24V(DC)
CA blow-off flap
290 1XCV1031 control valve engine - - pneumatic
CA blow-off flap
300 1ET1031 Analog output signal engine CU CMS/alarm 4..20mA
charge air blow-off flap
position setpoint
310 1SZV1031 solenoid valve energised to close flap engine connection box CMS/alarm
CA shutoff flap
320 1GOS1070 ZS75 limit switch start blocking while turning closed when disengaged engine CU CMS/alarm pulse pnp
turning gear engaged gear engaged
330 1SSV1080 SS32 solenoid valve TC acceleration by jet assist NC energised for jet assist engine connection box CMS/alarm
jet system
340 1TE1094-DE TE27-1 temp sensor drive end (DE) bearing temp 0..150°C alternator CU CMS/alarm PT1000
alternator front bearing temp monitoring
350 1TAH1094-DE TAH27-1 alarm 85°C,H CMS/alarm software setpoint
alternator front bearing temp hyst: -3% of alarm limit
high delay: 3s
to be adjusted acc. to
alternator manufacturer
360 2TE1094-NDE TE27-2 temp sensor non-drive end (NDE) bearing 0..150°C alternator CU CMS/alarm PT1000
alternator rear bearing temp temp monitoring
370 1TAH1094-NDE TAH27-2 alarm 85°C,H CMS/alarm software setpoint
alternator rear bearing temp hyst: -3% of alarm limit
high delay: 3s
380 1TE1095 TE98-1 temp sensor alternator winding temp 0..200°C alternator CU CMS/alarm PT1000
alternator winding temp L1 monitoring

Aug Range Unit
410 1TAH1095-L1..3 TAH98-1..3 alarm 130°C,H CMS/alarm software setpoint
alternator winding temp high hyst: -3% of alarm limit
delay: 3s
420 1WT1096 ZT59 analogue input signal - alternator CU CMS/alarm 4..20mA
alternator actual power
430 1PT2165 PT21 pressure transmitter 11.99012-0366 0..10 bar engine CU CMS/alarm 4..20mA
lube oil pressure filter inlet
440 1PDAH2165 PDAH21-22 alarm calculated difference 1.5 bar,H CMS/alarm software setpoint
lube oil filter differential between 1PT2170 and hyst: -0.1 bar
pressure high 1PT2165 delay: 3s
450 1TE2170 TE22 temp sensor 11.99411-0453 -15..190°C engine CU CMS/alarm PT1000
lube oil temp engine inlet
460 1TAH2170 TAH22 alarm 80°C,H CMS/alarm software setpoint
lube oil temp engine inlet hyst: -2K
high delay: 3s
470 1TZH2170 TAH22-2 load reduction request 85°C,H DM/safety software setpoint
lube oil temp engine inlet hyst: -2K (via bus)
high delay: 2s
480 2TZH2170 auto shutdown 85°C,H DM/safety software setpoint
lube oil temp engine inlet hyst: -2K (via bus)
high delay: 2s
490 2TEZ2170 auto shutdown signal failure 1TE2170 - - - - - DM/safety software setpoint
lube oil temp engine inlet (via bus)
500 1PT2170 PT22 pressure transmitter analogue input for alarm 11.99012-0366 0..10 bar engine CU CMS/alarm 4..20mA
lube oil pressure engine inlet system
510 1PAL2170 PAL22 alarm 3.5 bar,L CMS/alarm software setpoint

lube oil pressure engine inlet hyst: 0.1 bar
low delay: 3s
520 2PAL2170 PAL25 alarm active at standstill 0.12 bar,L CMS/alarm software setpoint
lube oil pre-lubrication hyst: 0.02 bar
pressure low delay: 60s
530 5PZL2170 PSL22 auto shutdown from alarm software SD via CMS 3.0 bar,L CMS/alarm software setpoint
system hyst: 0.1 bar
lube oil pressure engine inlet delay: 1s
low

Aug Range Unit
540 2PS2170 PS22 pressure switch digital input for safety 11.99012-0385 NC engine CU DM/safety binary
lube oil pressure engine inlet system
550 2PSZL2170 PSL22 auto shutdown hardwired SD via DM 3.0 bar,L DM/safety hardware setpoint,
lube oil pressure engine inlet delay: 1s software delay
low
560 2PTZ2170 auto shutdown signal failure 1PT2170 and - - - - - DM/safety software setpoint
lube oil pressure engine inlet 2PS2170
570 1LS2310 level switch 11.99016-0225 NC off engine CU CMS/alarm binary
lube oil frame tank
580 1LASH2310 LAH28 alarm - - - (upper level),H - - CMS/alarm binary input,
lube oil level in frame tank delay: 30s software delay
high opened for alarm
590 2LS2310 level switch 11.99016-0231 NO off engine CU CMS/alarm binary
lube oil frame tank
600 1LASL2310 LAL28 alarm - - - (lower level),L - - CMS/alarm binary input,
lube oil level in frame tank delay: 30s software delay
low opened for alarm
lube oil pressure TC inlet
620 1PAL2570 PAL23 alarm 1.05 bar,L CMS/alarm software setpoint
lube oil pressure TC inlet low hyst: 0.1 bar
delay: 3s
lube oil temp TC outlet
lube oil temp TC outlet high hyst: -2K
delay: 2s
650 1PS2790-DE PT27-1 pressure switch NO alternator CU CMS/alarm binary
lube oil pressure alternator
DE bearing
660 1PS2790-NDE PT27-2 pressure switch NO alternator CU CMS/alarm binary
lube oil pressure alternator
NDE bearing
670 1PSAL2790 PAL27 alarm delay: 3000 ms alternator CU CMS/alarm hardware setpoint,
lube oil pressure alternator opened for alarm software delay
bearing low
680 1ESA2801 system alarm CMS/alarm software setpoint
MMS CAN1/2 communication
failure
690 2ESZ2801 auto shutdown DM/safety software setpoint
MMS CAN1/2 communication
failure

Aug Range Unit
700 1QTIA2870 oil-mist detector oil-mist monitoring engine connection box - 24VDC, 3A, 60W
oil-mist concentration in
crankcase
710 1QS2870 opacity switch binary alarm contact, NC engine connection box CMS/alarm binary
oil-mist in crankcase integrated in 1QTIA2870 (integrated in
1QTIA2870)
710 1QSAH2870 LAH92 alarm setpoint of opacity switch - 70% of shutdown-level CMS/alarm hardware setpoint
oil-mist concentration high 1QS2870 delay: 3s
opened for alarm
720 2QS2870 opacity switch binary shutdown contact, NO engine connection box DM/safety binary
1QTIA2870)
720 2QS2870 opacity switch binary shutdown contact, NC engine connection box DM/safety binary
1QTIA2870)
720 2QSZH2870 LSH92 auto shutdown setpoint of opacity switch 2%,H DM/safety hardware setpoint,
oil-mist concentration high 2QS2870 delay: 0s software delay
closed for shutdown
720 2QSZH2870 LSH92 auto shutdown setpoint of opacity switch 2%,H DM/safety hardware setpoint,
oil-mist concentration high 2QS2870 delay: 0s software delay
opened for shutdown
730 1ES2870 binary contact binary alarm contact, NO engine connection box DM/safety binary
oil-mist detector system integrated in 1QTIA2870 (integrated in
failure 1QTIA2870)
740 1ESA2870 ZX92 system alarm - - - delay: - - - DM/safety binary
oil-mist detector failure opened for alarm
750 2ESZ2870 auto shutdown - - - delay: - - - DM/safety binary
oil-mist detector failure opened for shutdown
HTCW pressure engine inlet
770 1PAL3170 PAL10 alarm static pressure + 0.4 bar,L CMS/alarm software setpoint
HTCW pressure engine inlet hyst: 0.1 bar
low delay: 3s
780 1PZL3170 PAL10-2 load reduction request static pressure + 0.3 bar,L DM/safety software setpoint
HTCW pressure engine inlet hyst: 0.1 bar (via bus)
low delay: 4s
HTCW temp engine inlet
800 1TAL3170 TAL10 alarm 55°C,L CMS/alarm software setpoint
HTCW temp engine inlet low hyst: 5K
delay: 2s

Aug Range Unit
HTCW temp engine outlet
HTCW temp engine outlet hyst: -2K
high delay: 3s
830 5TZH3180 TSH12 auto shutdown from alarm software SD via CMS 95°C,H CMS/alarm software setpoint
system hyst: -2K
HTCW temp engine outlet delay: 3s
high
840 1TS3180 temp switch 11.99411-0464 NO engine CU DM/safety binary
850 1TSZH3180 TAH12-2 load reduction request hardwired LR via DM 93°C,H DM/safety hardware setpoint,
HTCW temp engine outlet hyst: -2K software delay
high delay: 2s
860 2TS3180 temp switch 11.99411-0464 NO engine CU DM/safety binary
870 2TSZH3180 TSH12 auto shutdown hardwired SD via DM 95°C,H DM/safety hardware setpoint,
HTCW temp engine outlet hyst: -2K software delay
high delay: 3s
880 2TEZ3180 auto shutdown signal failure 1TE3180 and - - - - - DM/safety software setpoint
HTCW temp engine outlet 2TS3180
890 1LS3780 level switch alternator CU CMS/alarm binary
alternator cooling water
leakage
900 1LSAH3780 LAH98 alarm delay: 3s CMS/alarm digital input,
alternator cooling water software delay
leakage high
LTCW pressure CA cooler
inlet
920 1PAL4170 PAL01 alarm static pressure + 0.4 bar,L CMS/alarm
LTCW pressure low hyst: 0.1 bar
delay: 3s
LTCW temp CA cooler inlet

LTCW temp CA cooler inlet hyst: -2K
high delay: 20s
fuel oil pressure filter inlet

Aug Range Unit
fuel oil pressure engine inlet
970 1PAL5070 PAL40 alarm MDO operation: CMS/alarm

fuel oil pressure engine inlet 4 bar,L
low HFO operation:
4 bar,L/ 80°C to
6 bar,L/ 150°C
hyst: 0.1 bar
delay: 5s
980 1PDAH5070 PDAH40-43 alarm calculated difference 0.8 bar,H CMS/alarm
fuel oil filter differential between 1PT5070 and hyst: -0.1 bar
pressure high 1PT5068 delay: 60s
fuel oil temp engine inlet
1000 1TAH5070 TAH40 alarm only applicable for pure 50°C,H CMS/alarm
fuel oil temp engine inlet high MDO engines hyst: -2K
delay: 3s
1010 1LS5080 level switch engine CU CMS/alarm binary
fuel oil leakage
1020 1LSAH5080 LAH42 alarm delay: 5s CMS/alarm hardware setpoint,
fuel oil leakage high software delay
1030 1PT6000 PT38 pressure transmitter 0.9..1.1 bar off engine connection box CMS/alarm 4..20mA
ambient air pressure
1040 1TE6000 TE38 temp sensor off engine CU CMS/alarm PT1000
ambient air
CA pressure before cylinders
1060 1PAH6180 alarm char. curve, pressure dep. tbd, CMS/alarm software setpoint
CA pressure high on engine power delay: 30s
1070 1PZH6180 load reduction request char. curve, pressure dep. tbd, DM/safrty software setpoint
CA pressure high on engine power delay: 10s
CA temp before cylinders
1090 1TSV6180 SS31 solenoid valve engine CU CMS/alarm
charge air preheating
1100 1XCV6570 variable flap engine pneumatic
waste gate
1110 1ET6570 analog output signal engine CU CMS/alarm 4..20mA
waste gate position setpoint
1120 1TE6570 TE60-1 temp sensor 11.99011-1090 0..690°C engine CU CMS/alarm PT1000
exhaust gas temp cylinder 1

Aug Range Unit
1210 1TAH6570 TAH60-1..9 alarm 480°C,H CMS/alarm

exhaust gas temp after cyl. hyst: -5K
high delay: 30s
1220 1TZH6570 TLH60-1..9 load reduction request 520°C,H DM/safety
exhaust gas temp after cyl. hyst: -10K
high delay: 30s
1230 1TDAH6570 TAD60-1..9 alarm ±50°C,H (load >25%) CMS/alarm
exhaust gas temp after cyl. ±100°C,H (load <25%)
mean value deviation hyst: -2K
delay: 120s
1240 1TE6575 TE62 temp sensor 11.99011-1128 0..690°C engine CU CMS/alarm PT1000
exhaust gas temp TC inlet

Aug Range Unit
1250 1TAH6575 TAH62 alarm 600°C,H CMS/alarm
exhaust gas temp TC inlet hyst: -5K
high delay: 30s
exhaust gas temp TC outlet
1270 1TAH6580 TAH61 alarm 450°C,H CMS/alarm

exhaust gas temp TC outlet hyst: -5K
high delay: 30s
1280 1PT7170 PT70 pressure transmitter input for alarm system 11.99012-0369 0..40 bar engine CU CMS/alarm 4..20mA
start air pressure
1290 1PAL7170 PAL70 alarm 15 bar,L CMS/alarm
start air pressure low hyst: 0.5 bar
delay: 15s
1290 1PAL7170 PAL70 alarm 6.5 bar CMS/alarm
start air pressure low hyst: 0.5 bar
delay: 15s
1300 2PZL7170 PSL70 auto shutdown 3.5 bar,L DM/safety
start air pressure low hyst: 0.1 bar (via bus)
delay: 2s
1310 2PTZ7170 auto shutdown signal failure 1PT7170 - - - - - DM/safety software setpoint
start air pressure total loss of
signals
1320 1TE7670 TE102 temp sensor - 0..150°C alternator CU CMS/alarm PT1000
alternator cooling air temp
1330 1TAH7670 1TAH102 alarm 50°C,H CMS/alarm software setpoint
alternator cooling air temp hyst: -3% of alarm limit
high delay: 3s

Cabling guidelines C. Lubricating oil pressure, offset ad-
justment

Modbus list
3700054-4.1
The Modbus list is valid for Modbus ASCII and Modbus RTU
Adress Hex Bit Meas. Description Unit Origin Signal
Point range
MW 0 0 TE60-1 Exhaust gas temperature cylinder A1 °C CMS 0 - 700
MW8 8 TE60-9 Exhaust gas temperature cylinder A9 °C CMS 0 - 700
MW9 9 TE60-10 Exhaust gas temperature cylinder A10 °C CMS 0 - 700
MW10 A TE62 Exhaust gas temp. before turbocharger A °C CMS 0 - 700
MW11 B TE61 Exhaust gas temp. after turbocharger A °C CMS 0 - 700
MW15 F Exhaust gas temperature mean value °C CMS 0 - 700
MW 16 10 0 Sensor fault TE60-1: Exh. gas temp. cylinder A1 SF=1 CMS binary
1 Sensor fault TE60-2: Exh. gas temp. cylinder A2 SF=1 CMS binary
10 Sensor fault TE62: Exhaust gas temp. before TC A SF=1 CMS binary
11 Sensor fault TE61: Exhaust gas temp. after TC A SF=1 CMS binary
MW 17 11 0 TAH60-1 Alarm: High exhaust gas temperature cylinder A1 active=1 CMS binary
1 TAH60-2 Alarm: High exhaust gas temperature cylinder A2 active=1 CMS binary
2021-12-20 - en
10 TAH62 Alarm: High exh. gas temp. before turbocharger A active=1 CMS binary
11 TAH61 Alarm: High exhaust gas temp. after turbocharger active=1 CMS binary
A
Modbus list
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L27/38;L27/38S 1 (6)

3700054-4.1
Point range
MW 18 12 0 TAD60-1 Alarm: Mean value deviation exh. gas temp. cyl. CMS binary
1 TAD60-2 A1 CMS binary
2 TAD60-3 Alarm: Mean value deviation exh. gas temp. cyl. CMS binary
Alarm: Mean value deviation exh. gas temp. cyl.
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
MW 32 20 TE12 HT cooling water temperature engine outlet CMS 0 - 200

MW 33 21 TE01 LT cooling water temperature air cooler inlet CMS 0 - 200
MW 34 22 TE21 Lube oil temperature filter inlet CMS 0 - 200
MW 35 23 TE40 Fuel oil temperature engine inlet CMS 0 - 200
MW 36 24 TE31 Charge air temperature cooler outlet CMS 0 - 200
MW 37 25 TE98-1 Alternator windwing temperature L1 CMS 0 - 200
MW 40 28 TE38 Ambient air temperature CMS 0 - 200
MW 41 29 TE10 HT cooling water temperature engine inlet CMS 0 - 200
MW 42 2A TE27-1 Alternator front bearing temperature CMS 0 - 200
MW 43 2B TE27-2 Alternator rear bearing temperature CMS 0 - 200
MW 48 30 0 Sensor fault TE12 : CMS binary

HT cool water temp. engine outlet
1 Sensor fault TE01 : CMS binary
LT cool water temp. air cooler inlet
2 Sensor fault TE21 : Lube oil temperature filter inlet CMS binary
3 Sensor fault TE40 : Fuel oil temperature engine in- CMS binary
4 let CMS binary
5 Sensor fault TE31 : Charge air temp. cooler outlet CMS binary
2021-12-20 - en
6 Sensor fault TE98-1 : Alternator windwing temp. CMS binary

7 L1 CMS binary
8 Sensor fault TE98-2 : Alternator windwing temp. CMS binary
9 L2 CMS binary
Sensor fault TE98-3 : Alternator windwing temp.
10 L3 CMS binary
Modbus list
11 Sensor fault TE38 : Ambient air temperature CMS binary

Description
Sensor fault TE10 :

HT cool. water temp. engine inlet
Sensor fault TE27-1 : Alternator front bearing
temp.
Sensor fault TE27-2 : Alternator rear bearing temp.
2 (6) Mk3;L27/38;L27/38S
3700054-4.1
Point range
MW 64 40 PT10 HT cooling water pressure CMS
MW 65 41 PT01 LT cooling water pressure CMS
MW 66 42 PT21 Lube oil pressure filter inlet CMS
MW 67 43 PT22 Lube oil pressure filter outlet CMS
MW 68 44 PT23 Lube oil pressure TC CMS
MW 69 45 PT40 Fuel oil pressure engine inlet CMS
MW 70 46 PT31 Charge air pressure cooler outlet CMS
MW 71 47 PT70 Start air pressure CMS
MW 72 48 PT43 Fuel oil pressure filter inlet CMS
MW 73 49 ZT59 Alternator load CMS
MW 74 4A ZT45 Fuel rack position CMS
MW 75 4B PT38 Ambient air pressure CMS
MW 76 4C Analog speed setpoint CMS
MW 80 50 0 Sensor fault PT10 : HT cooling water pressure CMS binary

1 Sensor fault PT01 : LT cooling water pressure CMS binary
2 Sensor fault PT21 : Lube oil pressure filter inlet CMS binary
3 Sensor fault PT22 : Lube oil pressure filter outlet CMS binary
4 Sensor fault PT23 : Lube oil pressure TC CMS binary
5 Sensor fault PT40 : Fuel oil pressure engine inlet CMS binary
6 Sensor fault PT31 : Charge air press. cooler outlet CMS binary
7 Sensor fault PT70 : Start air pressure CMS binary
8 Sensor fault PT43 : Fuel oil pressure filter inlet CMS binary
9 Sensor fault ZT59 : Alternator load CMS binary
10 Sensor fault ZT45 : Fuel rack position CMS binary
11 Sensor fault PT38 : Ambient air pressure CMS binary
12 Sensor fault : Analog speed setpoint CMS binary
MW 96 60 SE90 Engine speed CMS 0..2000

MW 97 61 SE89 TC speed CMS 0..7000
0
MW 112 70 0 SE90-1 Sensor fault engine speed pick up 1 CMS binary

1 SE90-2 Sensor fault engine speed pick up 2 CMS binary
2 SE90-1 Sensor fault engine speed pick up 1 DM binary
3 SE90-2 Sensor fault engine speed pick up 2 DM binary
4 SE89 Sensor fault TC speed pick up CMS binary
MW 113 71 0 Signal fault ZS82 : Emergency stop (pushbutton) CMS binary

1 Signal fault ZS75 : Turning gear disengaged CMS binary
2 Signal fault SS84 : Remote stop CMS binary
3 Signal fault SS83 : Remote start CMS binary
4 Signal fault LAH28 : Lube oil level high CMS binary
2021-12-20 - en
5 Signal fault LAL28 : Lube oil level low CMS binary

6 Signal fault LAH42 : Fuel oil leakage high CMS binary
7 Signal fault ZS97 : Remote switch CMS binary
8 Signal fault LAH92 : OMD alarm CMS binary
9 Signal fault TAH 29-27 : CCMON alarm CMS binary
10 Signal fault : Remote reset CMS binary
Modbus list
11 Signal fault LAH98 : Altern. cool w. leakage alarm CMS binary

Description
12 Signal fault : Emergency generator mode CMS binary

13 Signal fault : Speed raise CMS binary
14 Signal fault : Speed lower CMS binary
15 Signal fault : Switch droop / isochronous mode CMS binary
Mk3;L27/38;L27/38S 3 (6)

3700054-4.1
Point range
MW 114 72 0 Spare CMS binary
4 Signal fault : Actuator CMS binary
13 signal Signal fault SS83 : Start solenoid valve CMS binary
15 Signal fault SS32 : Jet system valve CMS binary
MW 115 73 0 Spare CMS binary

2 Signal fault ZS34-1 : Charge air blow off valve 1 CMS binary
3 Signal fault ZS34-2 : Charge air blow off valve 2 CMS binary
4 Signal fault: VIT feedback position CMS binary
MW 116 74 0 Sensor fault TSH12 : DM binary

HT cool water engine outlet termostate
1 Sensor fault PSL22 : Lube oil eng. inlet DM binary
2 pressostate DM binary
3 Sensor fault ZS82 : Emergency stop (pushbutton) DM binary
4 Sensor fault LSH92 : OMD shutdown DM binary
5 Sensor fault TSH27-29 : CCMON shutdown DM binary
6 Sensor fault ZX92 : OMD system failure DM binary
7 Sensor fault ZX27-29 : CCMON system failure DM binary
9 Sensor fault : Remote shutdown DM binary
10 Sensor fault ZS30-2 : Charge air press. relief valve DM binary
11 Sensor fault ZS30-1 : Charge air shut off flap DM binary
12 Sensor fault SS86-1 : Emergency stop valve DM binary
Signal fault ZS82 : Emergency stop (pushbutton)
MW 117 75 0 CAN-1 error DM binary

1 CAN-2 error DM binary
2 Communication error to CMS DM binary
3 Backlight error DM binary
4 Ethernet communication error DM binary
5 Wirebrake supervision of remote signals disabled DM binary
MW 118 76 0 CAN-1 error CMS binary

1 CAN-2 error CMS binary
2 CAN-3 error CMS binary
3 Communication error to DM CMS binary
10 Emergency generator mode CMS binary
11 MDO used CMS binary
12 HFO used CMS binary
15 Live-Bit (status changes at least every 5 seconds) CMS binary
MW 119 77 0 Shutdown : HT cool. water temp. engine outlet CMS binary

1 high CMS binary
2021-12-20 - en
Shutdown overridden :
2 HT cool. water temp. engine outlet high CMS binary
3 Shutdown : Lube oil pressure filter outlet low CMS binary
4 Shutdown overridden : Lube oil press. filter outl. CMS binary
5 low CMS binary
6 Shutdown : Engine overspeed CMS binary
Modbus list
7 Shutdown : Actuator Error CMS binary

Shutdown : Double Pick-Up Error
Description
Shutdown : Stop failure
4 (6) Mk3;L27/38;L27/38S
3700054-4.1
Point range
MW 120 78 0 Shutdown : HT cool. water temp. engine outlet DM binary
1 high DM binary
Shutdown overridden :
2 HT cool. water temp. eng. outlet high DM binary
3 Shutdown : Lube oil pressure filter outlet low DM binary
4 Shutdown overridden : Lube oil press. filter outl. DM binary
5 low DM binary
6 Shutdown : Engine overspeed DM binary
7 Shutdown : OMD DM binary
8 Shutdown overridden : OMD DM binary
9 Shutdown : CCMON DM/ binary
Shutdown overridden : CCMON CMS
10 Shutdown : Emergency stop active DM binary
Shutdown : Remote Shutdown
MW 121 79 0 Alarm : HT cooling water temp. engine outlet high CMS binary
1 Alarm : Lube oil pressure filter outlet low CMS binary
2 Alarm : Engine overspeed CMS binary
3 Alarm LAH28 : Lube oil level high CMS binary
4 Alarm LAL28 : Lube oil level low CMS binary
5 Alarm LAH42 : Fuel oil leakage CMS binary
6 Alarm FE94 : Cylinder lubrication no flow CMS binary
7 Alarm LAL98 : Alternator cooling water leakage CMS binary
8 Alarm : Start failure CMS binary
9 Alarm PAL25: Prelub. Oil pressure low CMS binary
11 Alarm : Startpreparation failure CMS binary
12 Alarm : Engine running error CMS binary
13 Alarm PAL01 : L.T. cooling water pressure low CMS binary
14 Alarm PAL10 : H.T. cooling water pressure low CMS binary
15 Alarm PDAH21-22 : Diff. pressure lube oil filter CMS binary
high
MW 122 7A 0 Alarm TAH21 : Lube oil temperature filter inlet high CMS binary
1 Alarm PAL23 : Lube oil pressure TC low CMS binary
2 Alarm PDAH40-43 : Diff. pressure fuel oil filter high CMS binary
3 Alarm PAL40 : Fuel oil pressure engine inlet low CMS binary
4 Alarm PAL70 : Start air pressure low CMS binary
5 Alarm TAH98-1 : Alternator winding temp. L1 high CMS binary
8 Alarm TAH29-1 : Alternator front bearing temp. CMS binary
2021-12-20 - en
9 high CMS binary

10 Alarm TAH29-2 : Alternator rear bearing temp. CMS binary
11 high CMS binary
12 Alarm : OMD CMS binary
14 Alarm : CCMON CMS binary
15 Alarm : TC Overspeed CMS binary
Modbus list
Alarm: Cylinder Lubrication Error

Description
Alarm: Prelube pressure low
Mk3;L27/38;L27/38S 5 (6)

3700054-4.1
Point range
MW 123 7B 0 Alarm ZX92 : OMD system failure DM binary
1 Alarm ZX27-29 : CCMON system failure DM binary
2 Alarm: VIT positioning Error DM binary
3 Alarm: CAN 3 Error - VIT communication Error DM binary
5 Alarm: Jet System Error DM binary
MW 124 7C Operating hour counter CMS 0..6553
5
MW 125 7D Overload hour counter h CMS 0..6553

5
MW 126 7E 0 Load reduction request: VIT emergency mode er- active=1 DM binary
1 ror active=1 DM binary
Load reduction request overridden : VIT emerg.
mode error
MW 127 7F Start of spare
MW 707 End of spare

1799
18014407676774411
2021-12-20 - en
Modbus list
Description
6 (6) Mk3;L27/38;L27/38S
Oil mist detector
1699190-5.1
Description
The oil mist detector type Tufmon from company Dr. Horn is option for all en-
gine types. Standard on 7, 8 and 9L27/38.
The oil mist detector is based on direct measurement of the oil mist concen-
tration in the natural flow from the crankcase to the atmosphere.
The detector is developed in close cooperation between the manufacturer Dr.
Horn and us and it has been tested under realistic conditions at our testbed.
The oil mist sensor is mounted on the venting pipe together with the elec-
tronic board. At first the sensor will activate an alarm, and secondly the engine
will be stopped, in case of critical oil mist concentration. Furthermore there is
an alarm in case of sensor failure. To avoid false alarms direct heating of the
optical sensor is implemented.
The installation is integrated on the engine. No extra piping/cabling is re-
quired.
Technical data
Power supply : 24 V DC +30% / -25%
Power consumption :1A
Operating temperature : 0°C....+70°C
18014404913364875
Enclosure according to DIN 40050:
Analyzer : IP54
Speed fuel rack
and optical sensors : IP67
Supply box and connectors : IP65
18014404913364875
2021-12-20 - en
Oil mist detector
Figure 1: Oil mist detector.

Description
18014404913364875
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S 1 (1)
1699190-5.1
18014404913364875
2021-12-20 - en
Oil mist detector
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32H;V28/32S
Combined box with prelubricating oil pump, preheater and el turning device
3700290-3.1
Description
Figure 1: Dimensions
The box is a combined box with starters for prelubricating oil pump, preheater
and el turning device.
The starter for prelubricating oil pump is for automatic controlling start/stop of
the prelubricating oil pump built onto the engine.
Common for both pump starters in the cabinet is overload protection and
automatic control system. On the front of the cabinet there is a lamp for
"pump on", a change-over switch for manual start and automatic start of the
pump; furthermore there is a common main cut-off switch.
The pump starter can be arranged for continuous or intermittent running. (For
engine types L16/24, L21/31 & L27/38 only continuous running is accepted).
See also B 12 07 0, Prelubricating Pump.
2021-12-20 - en
The preheater control is for controlling the electric heater built onto the engine
for preheating of the engines jacket cooling water during stand-still.
On the front of the cabinet there is a lamp for "heater on" and a off/auto
switch. Furthermore there is overload protection for the heater element.
The temperature is controlled by means of an on/off thermostat mounted in
the common HT-outlet pipe. Furthermore the control system secures that the
heater is activated only when the engine is in stand-still.
Description
The box also include the control of el turning device. There is a "running" in-
dication lamp and a on/off power switch on the front. The control for the turn-
ing gear is prepared with to contactors for forward and reverse control. The
turning gear control has also overload protection.
L16/24S;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30DF;L27/38S;L28/32S;L23/30S;L28/32DF;V28/32H;V28/32S;L16/24;L
21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (2)
3700290-3.1
Figure 2: Wiring diagram

9007207331029003
2021-12-20 - en
Description
L16/24S;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L23/30H-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk3;L23/30DF;L27/38S;L28/32S;L23/30S;L28/32DF;V28/32H;V28/32S;L16/24;L
2 (2) 21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
Prelubricating oil pump starting box
1631477-3.4
Description
Figure 1: Dimensions.
The prelubricating oil pump box is for controlling the prelubricating oil pump
2021-12-20 - en
built onto the engine.

The control box consists of a cabinet with starter, overload protection and
control system. On the front of the cabinet there is a lamp for "pump on", a
change-over switch for manual start and automatic start of the pump, further-
more there is a main switch.
The pump can be arranged for continuous or intermittent running. (For
Description
L16/24, L21/31 and L27/38 only continuous running is accepted).

Depending on the number of engines in the plant, the control box can be for
one or several engines.
L23/30H-Mk3;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk2;L23/30DF;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L28/32DF;V28/32H;
V28/32S;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (2)
The prelubricating oil pump starting box can be combined with the high tem-
1631477-3.4
perature preheater control box. See also B 12 07 0, Prelubricating Pump.

2021-12-20 - en
Figure 2: Wiring diagram.

27021604169654027
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-
Mk2;L23/30DF;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L28/32DF;V28/32H;
2 (2) V28/32S;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
Recommendations concerning steel foundations for resilient mounted
1687109-1.2
GenSets
Foundation recommendations
Figure 1: Resilient supports.
When the generating sets are installed on a transverse stiffened deck struc-
ture, it is generally recommended to strengthen the deck by a longitudinal
stiffener in line with the resilient supports, see fig 1.
For longitudinal stiffened decks it is recommended to add transverse stiffening
Recommendations concerning steel foundations for resilient mounted GenSets

below the resilient supports.
It is a general recommendation that the steel foundations are in line with both
the supporting transverse and longitudinal deck structure, fig 2, in order to
obtain sufficient stiffness in the support of the resilient mounted generating
sets.
The strength and the stiffness of the deck structure has to be based on the
actual deck load, i.e. weight of machinery, tanks etc. and furthermore, reson-
ance with the free forces and moments from especially the propulsion system
have to be avoided.
Stiffness for foundation has to be minimum the following:
▪ Z-direction, stiffness for foundation has to be minimum 20 times the con-
ical stiffness.
▪ Y-direction, stiffness for foundation has to be minimum 10 times the con-
ical stiffness.
(see fig 3)
Example for conical stiffness:
▪ RD314-45 Shore A to 65 Shore A - stiffness 4.865 kN/m to12.660 kN/m
2022-01-26 - en
(Preload 30 kN - 20 deg. C)
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2 1 (2)
1687109-1.2
Figure 2: Transverse stiff deck structure.

Recommendations concerning steel foundations for resilient mounted GenSets
Figure 3: Stiffness for foundation

2022-01-26 - en
18014404932341131
Description
2 (2) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2
Resilient mounting of generating sets
1687110-1.2
Resilient Mounting of Generating Sets
On resiliently mounted generating sets, the diesel engine and the alternator
are placed on a common rigid base frame mounted on the ship's/machine
house's foundation by means of resilient supports, Conical type.
All connections from the generating set to the external systems should be
equipped with flexible connections and pipes. Gangway etc. must not be wel-
ded to the external part of the installation.
Resilient Support
A resilient mounting of the generating set is made with a number of conical
mountings. The number and the distance between them depend on the size
of the plant. These conical mountings are bolted to the top flange of the base
frame (see fig 1).
The setting from unloaded to loaded condition is normally between 5-11 mm
for the conical mounting.
The support of the individual conical mounting can be made in one of the fol-
lowing three ways:
Figure 1: Resilient mounting of generating sets
1) The support between the bottom flange of the conical mounting and
2021-03-25 - en
the foundation is made with a loose steel shim. This steel shim is adjus-
ted to an exact measurement (min. 75 mm) for each conical mounting.
2) The support can also be made by means of two steel shims, at the top
a loose steel shim of at least 75 mm and below a steel shim of at least
10 mm which are adjusted for each conical mounting and then welded
to the foundation.
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31 1 (2)
1687110-1.2
Figure 2: Support of conicals
3) Finally, the support can be made by means of chockfast. It is necessary

to use two steel shims, the top steel shim should be loose and have a
minimum thickness of 75 mm and the bottom steel shim should be cast
in chockfast with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
Irrespective of the method of support, the 75 mm steel shim is necessary to
2021-03-25 - en
facilitate a possible future replacement of the conical mountings, which are al-
ways replaced in pairs.
Check of Crankshaft Deflection

The resiliently mounted generating set is normally delivered from the factory
with engine and alternator mounted on the common base frame.
Description
Eventhough engine and alternator have been adjusted by the engine builder,
with the alternator rotor placed correctly in the stator and the crankshaft de-
flection of the engine (autolog) within the prescribed tolerances, it is recom-
mended to check the crankshaft deflection (autolog) before starting up the
GenSet.
9007212771092491
2 (2) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31
Shop test programme for marine GenSets
1356501-5.16
Requirement of the classification societies
Requirement of the classification societies ABS BV DNV LR RINA NK IACS MAN
ES
pro-
gramm
e
1) Starting attempts X X - X X X X X
2) Governor test X X X X X X X X
(see page 2)
3) Test of safety and monitoring system X X - X X X X X
4) Load acceptance test (value in minutes)

2021-12-09 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
Mk2;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (5)
Engines driving alternators Continuous Constant speed

1356501-5.16
rating (MCR)
100% 1* 60 60 M 60 60 60 120 2* 60 60
3*
110% 30 45 M 45 45 45 45 30 45
75% M M M M M M 30 M 30
50% M M M M M M 30 M 30
25% M M - M M M - M 30
Idling = 0% M M - M M M - M 30
Engines driving alternators Continuous Constant speed

for electric propulsion rating (MCR)
100% 1* 60 60 M 60 60 60 120 2* 60 60
110% 30 45 M 45 45 45 45 3* 30 45
90% - - M - - - - - 30
75% M M M M M M 30 M 30
50% M M M M M M 30 M 30
25% M M - M M M - M 30
Idling = 0% M M - M M M - M 30
5) Verification of GenSet parallel running, if possible (cos Φ = 1, unless otherwise stated)
6a) Crankshaft deflection measurement of engines with rigid coupling in both cold and
warm condition
6b) Crankshaft deflection measurement of engines with flexible coupling only in cold condi-
tion
7) Inspection of lubricating oil filter cartridges of each engine

8) General inspection
1* Two service recordings at an interval of 30 minutes.

2* According to agreement with NK the running time can be reduced to 60
minutes.
3* According to agreement with NK the running time can be reduced to 30
minutes.
M Measurement at steady state condition of all engine parameters.
2021-12-09 - en
IACS International Association of Classification Societies.
The operating values to be measured and recorded during the acceptance

test have been specified in accordance with ISO 3046-1:2002 and with the
rules of the classification societies.
The operation values are to be confirmed by the customer or his representat-
ive and the person responsible for the acceptance test by their signature on
Description
the test report. After the acceptance test components will be checked so far it
is possible without dismantling. Dismantling of components is carried out on
the customer's or his representative's request.
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
2 (5) Mk2;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
GenSet load responce
1356501-5.16
Load application for ship electrical systems
In the age of highly turbocharged diesel engines, building rules of classification
societies regarding load application (e.g. 0 % => 50 % => 100 %) cannot be
complied with, in all cases. However the requirements of the International As-
sociation of Classification Societies (IACS) and ISO 8528-5 are realistic. In the
case of ship´s engines the application of IACS requirements has to be clarified
with the respective classification society as well as with the shipyard and the
owner. Therefore the IACS requirements has been established as generel rule.
For applications from 0 % to 100 % continuous rating, according to IACS and
ISO 8528-5, the following diagram is applied:
Fig. 1 Load application in steps as per IACS and ISO 8528-5.
According to the diagram in Fig. 1 the maximum allowable load application

steps are defined in the table below. (24.4 bar mean effective pressure has
been determined as a mean value for the listed engine types.)
Note: Our small bore GenSets has normally a better load responce than re-

quired by IACS and therefore a standard load responce test where three load
steps (3 x 33%) is applied will be demostrated at factory acceptance test.
Minimum requirements concerning dynamic speed drop, remaining speed
variation and recovery time during load application are listed below.
In case of a load drop of 100 % nominal engine power, the dynamical speed
variation must not exceed 10 % of the nominal speed and the remaining
speed variation must not surpass 5 % of the nominal speed.
2021-12-09 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
Mk2;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 3 (5)
Engine bmep (bar) * 1 st step 2nd step 3th step 4th step
1356501-5.16
L16/24 22.4/23.6
-20.7/22.8
L23/30H Mk1 18.2 - 18.1 - 17.9
L23/30H Mk2 19.9/19.8/19.6

IACS 33% IACS 23% IACS 18% IACS 26%
L23/30H Mk3 23.8/23.7/22.4
MDT 34% MDT 33% MDT 33%
L21/31 24.9/27.3
-22.4/24.6
L27/38 23/25.3
-23.5/24.3
L28/32H 17.8 -17.9
* see project guide B 10 01 1 'main particulars', for actual bmep at nominel rpm.
Fig. 2. maximum allowable load application steps (higher load steps than lis-
ted are not possible as a standard)
Regulating test and load responce performance

Load step on MAN Energy Solutions GenSets is to be tested according to fol-
lowing procedure.
Classification society Dynamic speed drop Remaining speed Recovery time until
in % of the nominal variation in % of the reaching the tolerance
speed nominal speed band ±1 % of nominal
speed
RINA
Lloyd´s Register
American Bureau of ≤ 10 % ≤5% ≤ 5 sec.

Shipping
Bureau Veritas
Det Norske Veritas
ISO 8528-5
Fig. 3 Minimum requirements of the classification societies plus ISO rule.
Momentum speed variation (m) must not vary more than 10% max. deviation
2021-12-09 - en
from steady speed 1 %. Permanent speed variation (p) must not be higher
than 5%.
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
4 (5) Mk2;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
1356501-5.16
Fig. 4 Minimum requirements of the classification societies plus ISO rule.
bmep: Must be found in product guide. For most classification sociaties 3 x

33% load application will be accepted. Actual classification society rules must
be observed.
Speed droop: _____, Needle valve open: ______°

Load (%) (nr) (nmax/min) (ni) (m) (p) (t)
Rated speed Momentum Permanent Momentum Permanent Time to
[Hz] speed [Hz] speed [Hz] speed vari- speed vari- steady
ation [%] ation [%] speed [sec]
0 - 34
2021-12-09 - en
34 - 67
67 - 100
81064804517108363
According to IACS requirements and ISO 8528-5.

81064804517108363
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
Mk2;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 5 (5)
1356501-5.16
81064804517108363
2021-12-09 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
Mk2;L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
Weight and dimensions of principal parts
1689483-7.4
Cylinder head incl. rocker arms approx. Piston approx. 30 kg
225 kg

2022-01-12 - en
Cylinder liner approx. 80 kg Charge air cooler approx. 295 kg
Please note: 5 cyl. only for GenSet

Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (5)
1689483-7.4
Cylinder unit approx. 485 kg Connecting rod approx. 64 kg

2022-01-12 - en
Front end box for GenSet approx 1465 Front end box for propulsion
kg

Description
2 (5) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Base frame Length (L)* Weight [kg]
1689483-7.4
for GenSet [mm]
5 cyl. 4529 2978
6 cyl. 5015.5 3063
7 cyl. 5423 3147
8 cyl. 6700 3300
9 cyl. 7000 3500
Width: 1400 mm
* Depending on alternator type
Oil pan Length (L)* Weight [kg]

for propul- [mm]
sion
6 cyl. 2920.5 660
7 cyl. 3275.5 720
8 cyl. 3630.5 780
9 cyl. 3985.5 850
Width: 1065 mm
Turbochar- Length (L) Height (H) Weight (kg)

ger [mm] [mm]
TCR16 1110 615 290
TCR18 1328 772 460

2022-01-12 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 3 (5)
Valve cam- Length (L) Weight [kg]

1689483-7.4
shaft [mm]
5 cyl. 1994.5 130
6 cyl. 2349.5 150
7 cyl. 2704.5 170
8 cyl. 3059.5 190
9 cyl. 3414.5 209
Injection Length (L) Weight [kg]

camshaft [mm]
5 cyl. 1980.5 275
6 cyl. 2335.5 321
7 cyl. 2690.5 367
8 cyl. 3045.5 413
9 cyl. 3400.5 459
Crankshaft Length (L) Weight (kg)

with [mm]
counter
weights
5 cyl. 2470 1350
6 cyl. 2825 1580
7 cyl. 3180 1813
8 cyl. 3535 2053

9 cyl. 3890 2260
2022-01-12 - en
Description
4 (5) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Frame Length (L) Weight (kg)
1689483-7.4
[mm]
5 cyl. 2105.5 3435
6 cyl. 2460.5 3981
7 cyl. 2815.5 4527
8 cyl. 3170.5 5073
9 cyl. 3525.5 5619

Flywheel with gear rim Flywheel with gear rim
only for GenSet only for propulsion
Small: 890 kg
Medium: 1051 kg
Large: 1213 kg
9007212799309323

9007212799309323
2022-01-12 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 5 (5)
1689483-7.4
9007212799309323
2022-01-12 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Spare parts for unrestricted service
3700322-8.7
General
Spare parts for unrestricted service, according to the classification societies
requirements/recommendations and/or MAN Energy Solutions standard.
Cylinder head
Description Plates Item Qty.
Valve seat ring, inlet P50501 123 2

O-ring 172 6
Valve seat ring, exhaust 184 4
O-ring 196 2
O-ring 243 1
Circlip P50502 095 2

Conical ring in 2/2 178 6
Rotocap, complete 191 6
Spring 201 6
O-ring 237 1
O-ring 250 1
Valve spindles, inlet and exhaust 274 6
O-ring 536 4
Gasket P50507 043 1

O-ring 055 2
O-ring 080 2
O-ring 092 1
Gasket, top cover P50510 014 1
Piston, connecting rod and cylinder liner

Piston pin P50602 026 1
Retaining ring 038 2
Bush for connecting rod P50603 008 1

Screw for connecting rod 021 4
2021-12-16 - en
Nut 057 2
Screw for connecting rod 069 4
Nut 094 2
Connecting rod bearing 2/2 P50604 003 1
Piston ring P50605 093 1

Piston ring 103 1
Description
Oil scraper ring 127 1
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, HSFO 1 (3)


3700322-8.7
Seal ring P50610 031 1

O-ring 055 1
O-ring 209 1
O-ring 210 1
Engine frame and base frame

Main bearing shell 2/2 P51104 021 1

Thrust bearing ring 033 2
Turbocharger system
O-ring P51229 027 4
Fuel oil system and injection equipment

Seal ring P51401 002 1

O-ring 457 1
Fuel injection pump 565 1
O-ring P51402 033 5

O-ring 104 5
Fuel injection valve 116 5
O-ring 236 5
O-ring P51404 010 1

O-ring 022 2
O-ring 046 2
Fuel oil high-pressure pipe 117 1
Connection pipe 129 1
2021-12-16 - en

O-ring P51630 003 8

V-profile clamp 014 1
Description
2 (3) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, HSFO

3700322-8.7
Notice
Scope of this list are subject to change and therefore the latest version of this
document should always be used, please see MAN Energy Solutions
homepage or Extranet.
Spare parts listed may also vary if optional components are selected.
NOTICE
Please notice that the content of spare parts for specific projects may
vary from the list of standard spare parts.
81064804465957259

2021-12-16 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, HSFO 3 (3)

3700322-8.7
81064804465957259
2021-12-16 - en
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S, HSFO
Introduction to spare part plates for tools
3700496-5.1
Description
For our GenSets the following three tool packages are available:
Standard tool for normal maintenance

This package is delivered as standard, this tool package do consist of a mix
of special designed tools as well as ordinary available tools needed in connec-
tion with the operation of the engine and to perform daily engine maintenance.
The tool do as well consists of tools to perform emergency repair as required
by the various classification societies.
Additional tools
This tool package can only be ordered as single parts from the list in addition
to the standard tool package. The tool package consists of special tools
needed in addition to the standard tool in case a major overhaul or a part of
this is to be carried out.
Hand Tools
This tool package can be ordered as a whole or partly in addition to the
standard tool package. The tool package consists of ordinary hand tools
needed in addition to the delivered standard tool for normal maintenance, in
connection with the daily maintenance as well as major overhauls.
36028818294206219

2021-03-10 - en
Description
3700496-5.1
36028818294206219
2021-03-10 - en
Description
Mk3;L23/30S;L23/30DF;L27/38;L27/38S;L28/32H;L28/32S;V28/32S;L28/32DF
Standard tools for normal maintenance
3700064-0.8
Cylinder head
Name Sketch Supply per ship Drawing Remarks
Working Spare Item no
Valve spring tightening 1 014
device
Lifting tool for cylinder unit 1 038

and cylinder head
Broad chissel 1 473

2021-03-24 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31 1 (11)
3700064-0.8

Removing device for flame 1 021
ring
Guide bush for piston 1 045
Fit and removal device for 1 069

connecting rod bearing, incl
eye screws (2 pcs)
2021-03-24 - en
Description
2 (11) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31
3700064-0.8
Lifting device for cylinder 1 082
liner
Lifting device for piston and 1 104

connecting rod
Piston ring opener 1 190

2021-03-24 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31 3 (11)

3700064-0.8

Supporting device for con- 1 212
necting rod and piston in
the cylinder liner, incl. fork
Dismantling tool for bearing 1 818

shell
Dismantling tool for con- 1 831

necting rod bearing shell
2021-03-24 - en
Description
4 (11) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31
3700064-0.8
Operating gear for inlet and exhaust valves
Feeler gauge, 0.6-0.7 mm 1 010
Socket wrench 1 652
Socket wrench and torque 1 664

spanner 1 676
Socket screw key 1 832

Feeler gauge for adjustment 2 640a
of roller guide
Feeler gauge for adjustment 2 640b

of roller guide
2021-03-24 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31 5 (11)
3700064-0.8

Dismantling tool for main 1 035
bearing upper shell
Fit and removing device for 1 047

main bearing cap
Turbocharger system

Eye screw for lifting of 2 036
charge air cooler/lubricating
oil cooler
2021-03-24 - en
Description
6 (11) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31
3700064-0.8
Container complete for wa-
ter washing of compressor 1 355
side
Reducing piece 355a

Fitting 355b
Fitting 355c
Blowgun for dry cleaning of

turbocharger 1 136
Snap coupling 136a

Ball valve 136b
Snap coupling 136c
Snap coupling 136d
Packing rings 136e
Soft blast (granulate) 136f
Water washing of turbine

side, complete 1 481
Snap coupling 481a

Regulating valve 481b
Ball valve 481c
Snap coupling 481d
Snap coupling 481e
Fuel oil system

2021-03-24 - en
Pressure testing tool 1 050

Clamping bracket for
fuel injector 1 051
Fuel pipe 1 053
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31 7 (11)

3700064-0.8

Grinding device for
nozzle seat, incl item
747, 759 1 074
Grinding paper 1 747
Plier 1 759
Extractor device for injector 1 407

valve
Combination spanner, 36 1 772

mm
Crow foot, 36 mm 1 784 2021-03-24 - en
Long socket spanner 1/2" 1 879

36 mm
Description
Torque spanner 1/2" 1 902

50-300 Nm
8 (11) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31
3700064-0.8
Hydraulic tools
Hydraulic tools complete
consisting of the following
3 boxes: 806
Pressure pump box 1,

consisting of: 633

2021-03-24 - en
Pressure pump, complete 1 011

Manometer 023
Quick coupling 405
Rubber buffers 507
Set of spare parts 1 532

Description
Hose with unions 4 202

Hose, 4000 mm 537
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31 9 (11)

3700064-0.8

Quick coupling 549
Adapter 836
Nipple 519
Storage tank 1 520
Force-off device 1 424
Hydraulic tools box 2

consisting of: 1 544
Hydraulic tightening
cylinder M33 x 2 2 275
Pressure part,
M33 x 2 2 371
Set of spare parts 1
Hydraulic tightening 238
Pressure part,
short M22 x 2 2 383
Pressure part,
long M22 x 2 2 096
Tension screw
M22 x 2 2 131
Set of spare parts 1 251
Turn pin ø6 1 556
Turn pin ø5 1 568
Turn pin ø4/ø5 1 334
Angle piece 2 358
2021-03-24 - en
Nipple 1 264
Seal ring 1 264a
Description
10 (11) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31
3700064-0.8
Hydraulic tools box 3
consisting of: 1 581
Hydraulic tightening
Pressure part, short
M30 x 2 2 072
Pressure part, long
M30 x 2 4 059
Tension screw 4 118
Set of spare part 1 226
Turn pin ø6 1 556
Turn pin ø5 1 568
Turn pin ø4/ø5 1 334
Nipple 1 264
Seal ring 1 264a
Measuring device 2 533

(not a part of Hydraulic
tools complete, to be
ordered separately)

72057608699838603
2021-03-24 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31 11 (11)
3700064-0.8
72057608699838603
2021-03-24 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L21/31
Additional tools
3700066-4.15
Cylinder head
Grinding tool for cylinder
head/liner 1 126
Max. pressure indicator,

0-250 bar 1 138
Handle for indicator valve 1 498
Turning device for

cylinder unit 1 114
2021-05-19 - en
Additional tools
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 1 (12)

3700066-4.15

Grinding machine for
valve seat ring 1 199
Supporting spider 1 208
Mandrel 1 209
Cutting tool 1 210
Carbide cutting insert 1 211
Grinding tool for valves

230V 3P 1 284
400V 3P 1 284a
480V 3P 1 284b
690V 3P 1 284c
Grinding wheel 1 284d
Diamond dresser 1 284e
Collet R14 1 284f
Concentrated coolant 1 284g
Transformer
480/400V 1 284h
690/400V 1 284i
Servicing tools 1 284j
Grinding machine for

valve seat rings 1 222
Frequence converter 1 761
Tool holder 1 773
Turning bit 1 785
Pilot spindle incl. stabilizer 1 797
Cleaning tool 1 807
2021-05-19 - en
Tool holder bracket 1 819

Additional tools
Description
2 (12) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
3700066-4.15
Grinding machine for valve
spindle, complete 1 285
Grinding wheel hub 1 820
Balancing apparatus 1 832
Grinding wheel dresser 1 844
Grinding wheel,
grain size 46 1 856
Grinding wheel,
grain size 80 1 868
Stabilizer
(valve stem ø10-18 mm) 1 881
Fit and removing device

for valve guides 1 258
Fitting device for valve

seat rings 1 295
Extractor for
valve seat rings 1 329
Plate
(used with item 329) 1 317
2021-05-19 - en
Additional tools
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 3 (12)

3700066-4.15

Lifting tool for cylinder unit
(low dismantling height) 1 474
Reamer for valve guide 1 748
Touching up device 1 893
Electronic indicator, HLV 1 903

2000

Ridge wear kit, complete 1 018
2021-05-19 - en
Engineering blue 1 018a

Black stone 1 018b
Layer thickness gauge 1 018c
Additional tools
Description
4 (12) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
3700066-4.15
Outside micrometer 1 019
Fit and removal device for 1 069

connecting rod bearing, incl
eye screws (2 pcs)
Lifting device for cylinder 1 082

liner
2021-05-19 - en
Additional tools
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 5 (12)

3700066-4.15

Lifting device for piston and 1 104
connecting rod
Tool for fixing of marine 1 187

head for counterweight
Plier for piston pin lock ring 1 759
Piston ring opener 1 190
2021-05-19 - en
Supporting device for con- 1 212

necting rod and piston in
the cylinder liner incl. fork
Additional tools
Description
6 (12) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
3700066-4.15
Testing mandrel for piston 1 151
ring grooves, 6.43 mm
Testing mandrel for piston 1 163

ring grooves, 5.43 mm
Micrometer screw 1 425

Dismantling tool for main 1 035
bearing upper shell

main bearing cap
2021-05-19 - en
Additional tools
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 7 (12)

3700066-4.15

Crankshaft alignment 1 067
gauge (autolog)
Turbocharger system
Eye crew for lifting of 2 036
charge air cooler/ lubricat-
ing oil cooler

cooler insert
Closing cover, TCR16 1 449

Closing cover, TCR18 1 450
(standard with only one
propulsion engine)
2021-05-19 - en
Additional tools
Description
8 (12) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
3700066-4.15
Differential pressure tools
complete 1 915
Hose 1 915a
Nipple 2 915b
Nipple 2 915c

Name Sketch Supply per Spare Item no
ship
Working
Set of tools, TDI air starter T50 1 928
Fuel oil system

fuel injection pump
2021-05-19 - en
Setting device for fuel injec- 1 366

tion pump
Additional tools
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 9 (12)

3700066-4.15

Mounting tool for seals, 1 964
plunger complete (only
sealed plunger/barrel)
Mounting tool 964-1
Mounting tool 964-2
Mounting tool 964-3
Mounting tool 964-4
Mounting tool 964-5
O-ring 964-6

Fitting device for lubricating 1 521
oil cooler / thermostat
housing
Hydraulic tools
Name Sketch Supply per Drawing Remarks
ship
Resetting device for hy- 1 092
draulic cylinder
2021-05-19 - en
Additional tools
Description
10 (12) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
3700066-4.15
ship
Distributing piece for
cylinder head, complete 1 143
Gasket 155
Quick coupling 179
Distributing piece for

main bearing, complete 1 167
Gasket 155
Quick coupling 179
Hose with unions for

cylinder head complete,
1000 mm 4 180
Hose with unions for
connection of oil pump
and distributing block
complete, 3000 mm 1 202
Hose, 3000 mm 537
Quick coupling with
protecting cap 549
Hose, 1000 mm 525
Disc 836
Air driven high pressure 1 653

pump for hydraulic valve
2021-05-19 - en
Additional tools
Description
L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S 11 (12)

3700066-4.15
ship
Remote controlled unit for 1 939
hydraulic bolt tensioning
99079206382750091
2021-05-19 - en
Additional tools
Description
12 (12) L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S
Hand tools
3700414-0.1
Hand tools
Set of tools, consists of: 1 019
Item 01 Ratchet
Item 02 Extension, 125 mm
Item 03 Extension, 250 mm
Item 04 Universal
Item 05, Sockets
double hexagon, 10 mm
internal hexagon, 5 mm
screw driver, 1.6x10 mm
cross head screw, 2 mm
Combination spanner,
10 mm 1 032
12 mm 1 044
13 mm 1 056
14 mm 1 068
17 mm 1 081
2022-01-11 - en
19 mm 1 093
22 mm 1 103
24 mm 1 115
Hand tools
Description
30 mm 1 127
16 mm 1 223
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S 1 (3)

3700414-0.1

18 mm 1 235
Tee handle 1/2" square 1 139

drive
Ratchet, 20 mm 1 140
Extension bar 1 152
Socket spanner, square 1 164

drive, size 24

drive, size 30

drive, size 36
Bit, hexagon socket screw, 1 247

square drive, size 8

2022-01-11 - en

Torque spanner,
Hand tools
20-120 Nm - 1/2" 1 272

Description
Torque spanner,
40-200 Nm - 1/2" 1 284
Torque spanner,
30-320 Nm - 1/2" 1 296
2 (3) L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S
3700414-0.1
Hexagon key 7 mm 1 331
18014415008990347
2022-01-11 - en
Hand tools
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S 3 (3)
3700414-0.1
18014415008990347
2022-01-11 - en
Hand tools
Description
L16/24;L16/24S;L21/31;L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L27/38;L27/38S
MAN Energy Solutions BG 50 00 0
Alternator cable installation
1699865-3.4
Description
Figure 1: Connection of cables (example)
Main cables
The resilient installation of the GenSet must be considered when fixing the al-
ternator cables.
The cables must be installed so that no forces have any effect on the terminal
box of the alternator.
2021-06-20 - en
A support bracket can be welded on the engine base frame. If this solution is
chosen, the flexibility in the cables must be between the cable tray and the
support bracket.
The free cable length from the cable tray to the attachment on the alternator
must be appropriate to compensate for the relative movements between the
GenSet and the foundation.
Description
The following can be used as a guideline:

The fix point of the alternator cables must be as close as possible to the
centre line of the rotor.
Bending of the cables must follow the recommendations of the cable supplier
regarding minimum bending radius for movable cables.
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
Mk2;L28/32S;L27/38S;L23/30S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L23/30DF;L28/32DF;V28/32S;
L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (3)
BG 50 00 0 MAN Energy Solutions
If questions arise concerning the above, please do not hesitate to contact

1699865-3.4
MAN Energy Solutions.

Note: The responsibility for alternator cable installation lies with the Installation
Contractor. The Installation Contractor has to define the dimension of the
cables with due respect to heat conditions at site, cable routing (nearby
cables), number of single wires per phase, cable material and cable type.
Figure 2: Marine operation (example)
Binding radius has to be observed, and furthermore binding radius for cables
used for resilient installed engines must be observed.
Earth cable connection

It is important to establish an electrical connecting across the rubber
dampers. The earth cable must be installed as a connection between altern-
ator and ship hull for marine operation, and as a connection between altern-
ator and foundation for stationary operation.
2021-06-20 - en
For stationary operation, the Contractor must ensure that the foundation is
grounded according to local legislation.
Engine, base frame and alternator have internal metallic contact to ensure
earth connection. The size of the earth cable is to be calculated on the basis
of output and safety conditions in each specific case; or must as a minimum
have the same size as the main cables.
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
2 (3) L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
1699865-3.4
Figure 3: Stationary operation (example)
45036004347698059

2021-06-20 - en
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 3 (3)
1699865-3.4
45036004347698059
2021-06-20 - en
Description
L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-Mk2;L21/31-
L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
Alternators for GenSets
1699895-2.2
GenSet
Figure 1: GenSet
A GenSet is a joined unit with a diesel engine, an alternator and a common

base frame. The alternator has a stator housing with a front flange which is
connected to the diesel engine with bolts. Similar to this the alternator has
foot flanges with bolt connection to the base frame. The base frame is
anchored to the foundation with a variable number of rubber dampers.
Mechanical alternator design

The rotor in the alternator is installed with either one or two bearings. On one-
bearing alternators the rotor is connected to the flywheel of the diesel engine
with a flex disc. The one-bearing alternator does not have a front bearing and
in this case the rotor is carried by the crankshaft of the engine. On two-bear-
2021-11-15 - en
ing alternators the connection is a flexible rubber coupling, and the rotor front
is seated in the stator housing of the alternator.
In both cases the alternator stator housing is connected to the diesel engine
with bolts, however, with two-bearing alternators an intermediate piece with
bolt flanges is used which at the same time is shielding the flexible rubber
coupling.
The bearing type can be ball bearing, roller bearing or sleeve bearing.
Description
NOTICE The engine types 8L21/31, 9L21/31, 8L27/38 and 9L27/38 only
use two-bearing alternators to keep the load on the engine’s rear crankshaft
bearing on a low level.
L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L16/24;L21/31;L27/38 1 (2)
The alternator can be delivered air-cooled with insulation class IP23 or water-
1699895-2.2
cooled with insulation class IP44.

The air-cooled alternator takes air in through filters; leads the air through the
alternator by means of a built-in ventilator and out of the alternator again.
The water-cooled alternator circulates air internally in the alternator by means
of the ventilator. The airflow passes through a built-in water cooler, removing
the heat from the alternator through the connected cooling water system.
The entrance to the electrical main cables can be placed on the right or left
side of the alternator with a horizontal or vertical inlet.
Electrical alternator design

The alternator is a three-phase AC synchronous alternator – brushless with
built-in exciter and automatic, electronic voltage regulator (AVR) with poten-
tiometer for remote control. (The potentiometer for final adjustment of the
voltage is included in the standard delivery and normally part of the control
panel).
The alternator is intended for parallel running.
The insulation class for the windings can be H/H or lower. H/H corresponds
to 180° C on the windings and 180° C operating temperature.
According to the GL classification rules the alternator must as maximum be
used up to 155° C operating temperature – corresponding to insulation class
F. It may also be a customer requirement to keep the efficiency below class
H.
The windings have tropical resistance against high humidity.
The alternator is equipped with anti-condensate standstill heater.
For temperature surveillance in the windings, the alternator is equipped with
PT 1000 Sensors.
For surveillance of the bearing temperature and for water cooled alternators
for surveillance of cooling air temperature. Alternators may also be equipped
with visual thermometers on bearings.
Alternators car be delivered for the voltage 380 VAC to 13.8 KVAC, Frequen-
cies 50 HZ or 60HZ Special application with DC and variable frequency can
be installed in at EPROX application
The alternator fulfils the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility protec-
tion EMC, is designed and tested according to IEC34 and fulfils the DIN EN
60034 / VDE0530 requirements.
27021606930820491
2021-11-15 - en
Description
2 (2) L27/38S;L21/31S;L16/24S;L16/24;L21/31;L27/38
Combinations of engine- and alternator layout
3700084-3.12
For a GenSet the engine and alternator are fixed on a common base frame,
which is flexibly installed. This is to isolate the GenSet vibration-wise from the
environment. As part of the GenSet design a full FEM calculation has been
done and due to this and our experience some combinations of engine type
and alternator type concerning one - or two bearings must be avoided. In the
2021-08-27 - en
below list all combinations can be found.

Comments to possible combinations:
• : Standard
# : Option
X : Not recommended
1) : Only in combination with "top bracing" between engine crankcase and al-
Description
ternator frame
2) : Need for 'topbracing' to be evaluated case by case
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H 1 (2)
3700084-3.12
2021-08-27 - en
99079199872357387
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L23/30H-Mk3;L23/30H-
2 (2) L16/24;L21/31;L23/30H;L27/38;L28/32H
Diesel-electric propulsion plants
3700088-0.1
1.1 Advantages of diesel-electric propulsion
Due to different and individual types, purposes and operational profiles of diesel-electric driven vessels the design of
a diesel-electric propulsion plant differs a lot and has to be evaluated case by case. All the following is for information
purpose only and without obligation.
In general the advantages of diesel-electric propulsion can be summarized as follows:
- Lower fuel consumption and emissions due to the possibility to optimize the loading of diesel engines / gensets.
The gensets in operation can run on high loads with high efficiency. This applies especially to vessels which have
a large variation in load demand, for example for an offshore supply vessel, which divides its time between transit
and station-keeping (DP) operation.
- High reliability, due to multiple engine redundancy. Even if an engine / genset malfunctions, there will be suffi-
cient power to operate the vessel safely. Reduced vulnerability to single point of failure providing the basis to fulfill
high redundancy re-quirements.
- Reduced life cycle cost, resulting form lower operational and maintenance costs.
- Improved manoeuvrabilty and station-keeping ability, by deploying special propulsors such as azimuth thrusters
or pods. Precise control of the electrical propulsion motors controlled by frequency converters.
- Increased payload, as diesel-electric propulsion plants take less space.
- More flexibility in location of diesel engine / gensets and propulsors. The propulsors are supplied with electric
power through cables. They do not need to be adjacent to the diesel engines / gensets.
- Low propulsion noise and reduced vibrations. For example a slow speed E-motors allows to avoid gearboxes
and propulsors like pods keep most of the structure bore noise outside of the hull.
- Efficient performance and high motor torques, as the system can provide maximum torque also at slow speeds,
which gives advantages for example in icy conditions.

2021-10-08 - en
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 1 (26)
3700088-0.1
1.2 Efficiencies in diesel-electric plants

A diesel-electric propulsion plant consists of standard electrical components. The following efficiencies are typical:
2021-10-08 - en
Description
2 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
3700088-0.1
1.3 Components of a diesel-electric propulsion plant
Example: Diesel-electric propulsion plant
Legend
1 GenSets: Diesel engines + alternators
2 Main switchboards
3 Supply transformers (optional): Dependent on the type of the converter. Not needed in case of the use of fre-
quency converters with an Active Front End / Sinusoidal Drive Diesel-electric propulsion plants
4 Frequency converters / drives
5 Electric propulsion motors
6 Gearboxes (optional): Dependent on the speed of the E-propulsion motor

2021-10-08 - en
7 Propellers / propulsors
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 3 (26)
3700088-0.1
1.4 Diesel electric plant design

Generic workflow how to design a diesel-electric propulsion plant:
• Type of vessel
• Propulsion type: Shaft line, thruster, pod, …
• Propeller type: FPP, CPP
• Operational profile
• Class notation: Propulsion redundancy, ice class, …
• Ship design points

• Propulsion power: At sea, maneuvering, at port, …
• Sea margin
• Electrical power: At sea, maneuvering, at port, …

• Efficiency of DE plant: Typically = 91%
• Efficiency of alternators: Typically = 96% - 97%
• Number and type of engines / gensets: Installed power

• Max. allowed loading of engines: % of MCR
• Maintenance of engines: At sea operation, at port, …
• Frequency choice: 50 / 60 Hz
• Voltage choice: Low voltage, medium voltage
• Number of switchboard sections
• Alternator parameters: cos ϕ, xd”
• Selection of converter type: PWM, LCI, Sinusoidal, …

• Selection of pulse number: 6p, 12p, 24p
• Selection of supply transformer: Investigate transformer less
configuration (Active Front End)
2021-10-08 - en
• Selection of E-propulsion motor type and no. of windings

• THD mitigation method
• Check Isc” : Increase voltage, optimize xd”, …

Description
• Check availability of reactive power: Change number/type of al-

ternators, cos ϕ, …
• Check THD limits: Increase pulse number, add filters, …
4 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
The requirements of a project will be considered in an application specific design, taking into account the technical
3700088-0.1
and economical feasibility and later operation of the vessel. In order to provide you with appropriate data, please fill
the form Questionnaire in the appendix.
1.5 Engine selection

The engines for a diesel-electric propulsion plant have do be selected accordingly to the maximum power demand at
the design point. For a concept evaluation the rating, the capability and the loading of engines can be calculated like
this:
Example: Offshore Construction Vessel (at design point)

- Propulsion power demand (at E-motor shaft) 7200 kW (incl. sea margin)
- Max. electrical consumer load 1800 kW
No Item Unit
1.1 Shaft power on propulsion motors PS [kW]

Electrical transmission efficiency 7200
0,91
1.2 Engine power for propulsion PB1 [kW] 7912
2.1 Electric power for ship (E-Load) [kW] 1800

Alternator efficiency 0,96
2.2 Engine power for electric consumers PB2 [kW] 1875
2.3 Total engine power demand (= 1.2 + 2.2) [kW] 9787
3.1 Diesel engine selection type 9L27/38

3.2 Rated power (MCR) [kW] 2970
3.3 Number of engines 4
3.4 Total engine power installed PB [kW] 11880
4.1 Loading of engines (= 2.3 / 3.4) 82,4%

% of MCR
5.1 Check: Max. allowed loading of engines 90,0%
For the detailed selection of the type and number of engines furthermore the operational profile of the vessel, the Diesel-electric propulsion plants
maintenance strategy of the engines and the boundary conditions given by the general arrangement have to be con-
sidered. For the optimal cylinder configuration of the engines often the power conditions in port is decisive.
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Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 5 (26)
3700088-0.1
1.6 E-plant, switchboard and alternator design

The configuration and layout of an electrical propulsion plant, the main switchboard and the alternators follows some
basic design principles. For a concept evaluation the following items should be considered:
- A main switchboard which is divided in symmetrical sections is reliable and redundancy requirements are easy
to be met
- An even number of gensets / alternators ensures the symmetrical loading of the bus bar sections
- Electrical consumers should be arranged symmetrically on the bus bar sections
- The switchboard design is mainly determined by the level of the short circuit currents which have to be with-
stand and by the breaking capacity of the circuit breakers (CB)
- The voltage choice for the main switchboard depends on several factors. On board of a vessel it is usually han-
dier to use low voltage. As a rule of thumb the following table can be used:
Total installed alternator power [MWe] Voltage [V] Breaking capacity of CB [kA]
< 10 - 12 440 100

(and: Single propulsion motor < 3,5 MW)
< 13 - 15 690 100

( and: Single propulsion motor < 4,5 MW)
< 48 6600 30
< 130 11000 50
- The design of the alternators and the electric plant always has to be balanced between voltage choice, availabil-
ity of reactive power, short circuit level and allowed total harmonic distortion (THD)
- On the one hand side a small xd” of the alternators increases the short circuit current Isc”, which also increase
the forces the switchboard has to withstand (F ~ Isc” ^ 2). This may lead to the need of a higher voltage. On the
other side a small xd” gives a lower THD. As a rule of thumb a xd”=16% is a good figure for low voltage applica-
tions and a xd”=14% is good for medium voltage applications.
- For a rough estimation of the short circuit currents the following formulas can be used:
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Description
6 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
Short circuit level [kA] (rough) Legend
3700088-0.1
n: No. of alternators connected
Pr: Power of alternator [kWe]
Alternators n * Pr / (√3 * Ur * xd” * cos ϕGrid) Ur: Rated voltage [V]
xd”: Subtransient reactance [%]
cos ϕ: Power factor of the network (typically = 0.9)
N : No. of motors (directly) connected

Pr: Power of motor [kWe]
Motors n * 6 * Pr / (√3 * Ur * xd” * cos ϕMotor) Ur: Rated voltage [V]
xd”: Subtransient reactance [%]
cos ϕ: Power factor of the motor
(typically = 0.85 … 0.90 for an induction motor)
Converters Frequency converters do not contribute to the

Isc”
- The dimensioning of the panels in the main switchboard is usually done accordingly to the rated current for each
incoming and outgoing panel. For a concept evaluation the following formulas can be used:
Type of switchboard Rated current [kA] Legend

panel
Pr: Power of alternator [kWe]

Alternator incoming Pr / (√3 * Ur * cos ϕGrid) Ur: Rated voltage [V]
cos ϕ: Power factor of the network (typically = 0.9)
Sr: Apparent power of transformer [kVA]

Transformer outgoing Sr / (√3 * Ur) Ur: Rated voltage [V]

Motor outgoing (Induc- Pr / (√3 * Ur * cos ϕ Converter * ηMo- Ur: Rated voltage [V]
tion motor controlled by tor * ηConverter) cos ϕ: Power factor converter (typically = 0.95)
a PWM-converter) ηMotor: typically = 0.96
ηConverter: typically = 0.97

Motor outgoing (Induc- Pr / (√3 * Ur * cos ϕMotor * ηMotor) Ur: Rated voltage [V] Diesel-electric propulsion plants
tion motor started: DoL, cos ϕ: Power factor motor (typically = 0.85…0.90)
Y/Δ, Soft-Starter) ηMotor: typically = 0.96
- The choice of the type of the E-motor depends on the application. Usually induction motors are used up to a
power of 7 MW (ηMotor: typically = 0.96). If it comes to power applications above 7 MW per E-motor often syn-
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chronous machines are used. Also in applications with slow speed E-motors (without a reduction gearbox), for ice
going or pod-driven vessels often synchronous E- motors (ηMotor: typically = 0.97) are used.
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 7 (26)
- In plants with frequency converters based on VSI-technology (PWM type) the converter themselves can deliver
3700088-0.1
reactive power to the E-motor. So often a power factor cos ϕ = 0.9 is a good figure to design the alternator rat-
ing. Nevertheless there has to be sufficient reactive power for the ship consumers, so that a lack in reactive
power does not lead to unnecessary starts of (standby) alternators.
- The harmonics can be improved (if necessary) by using supply transformers for the frequency converters with a
30° phase shift between the two secondary windings, which cancel the dominant 5th and 7th harmonic currents.
Also an increase in the pulse number leads to lower THD. Using a 12-pulse configuration with a PWM type of
converter the resulting harmonic distortion will normally be below the limits defined by the classification societies.
When using a transformer less solution with a converter with an Active Front End (Sinusoidal input rectifier) or in a
6-pulse configuration usually THD-filters are necessary to mitigate the THD on the sub-distributions.
The final layout of the electrical plant and the components has always to be based on a detailed analysis and a calcu-
lations of the short circuit levels, the load flows and the THD levels as well as on an economical evaluation.
1.7 Over-torque capability

In diesel-electric propulsion plants, which are running with a fix pitch propeller, the dimensioning of the electric
propulsion motor has to be done accurately, in order to have sufficient propulsion power available. As an electric mo-
tor produces torque, which directly defines the cost (amount of copper), weight and space of the motor, it has to be
investigated what amount of over-torque is required to operate the vessel with sufficient power also in situations,
where additional power is needed (for example because of heavy weather or icy conditions).
Usually a constant power range of 5-10% is applied on the propulsion (Field weakening range), where constant E-
motor power is available.
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Description
8 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
3700088-0.1
Example: Over-torque capability of a E-propulsiontrain for a FPP-driven vessel.
1.8 Protection of the electric plant

In an electric propulsion plant protection devices and relays are used to protect human life from injury from faults in
the electric system and to avoid / reduce damage of the electric equipment. The protection system and its paramet-
ers always depend on the plant configuration and the operational requirements. During the detailed engineering
phase calculations like a short circuit and an earth fault calculation and a selectivity and protection device coordina-
tion study have to be made, in order to get the correct parameter settings and to decide, which event / fault should
alarm only or trip the circuit breaker.
A typical protection scheme may include the following functions (Example):

Main switchboard:
- Over– and under-voltage
- Earth fault
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Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 9 (26)
Alternator:
3700088-0.1
- Short circuit
- Over-current
- Stator earth fault
- Reverse power
- Phase unbalance, Negative phase sequence
- Differential protection
- Over- and under-frequency
- Over- and under-voltage
- Alternator windings and bearings over-temperature
- Alternator cooling air/water temperature
- Synchronizing check
- Over- and under-excitation (Loss of excitation)
Bus tie feeder:

- Short circuit
- Earth fault
- Synchronizing check
- Differential protection (in ring networks)
Transformer feeder:
- Short circuit
- Over-current
- Earth fault
- Thermal overload/image
- Under-voltage
- Differential protection (for large transformers)
Motor feeder:
- Short circuit
- Over-current
- Earth fault
- Under-voltage
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- Thermal overload/image
- Motor start: Stalling I2t, number of starts
- Motor windings and bearings over-temperature
- Motor cooling air/water temperature
Description
10 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
3700088-0.1
1.9 Drive control
The drive control system is a computer controlled system for the speed converters / drives, providing network stabil-
ity in case of sudden / dynamical load changes. It ensures safe operation of the converters with constant and stable
power supply to the E-propulsion motors and avoids the loss of power under all operational conditions. Usually the
propulsion is speed controlled. So the system keeps the reference speed constant as far as possible within the
speed and torque limitations and dynamic capability.
The drive control system normally interfaces with the propulsion control system, the power management system, the
dynamic position system and several other ship control and automation systems. The functionality of the drive control
system depends on the plant configuration and the operational requirements.
The main tasks of the drive control system can be summarized as follows:
- Control of the converters / drives, including the speed reference calculation
- Control of drive / propeller speed according to the alternator capability, including anti-overload prevention
- Control of power and torque. It takes care of the limits
- Control of the converter cooling
For some applications (e.g. for ice going vessels, for rough sea conditions, etc, where load torque varies much and
fast) often a power control mode is applied, which reduces the disturbances on the network and smoothens the load
application on the diesel engines.
1.10 Power management

Power reservation
The main function of a power management system is to start and stop gensets / alternators according to the current
network load and the online alternator capacity. The power management system takes care that the next alternator
will be started, if the available power (= Installed power of all connected alternators – current load) becomes lower
than a preset limit. This triggers a timer and if the available power stays bellow the limit for a certain time period the
next genset / alternator in sequence is started. It also blocks heavy consumers to be started or sheds (unnecessary)
consumers, if there is not enough power is available, in order to avoid unstable situations.
Class rules require from gensets / alternators 45 seconds for starting, synchronizing and beginning of sharing load.
So it is always a challenge for the power management system to anticipate the situation in advance and to start
gensets / alternators before consumers draw the network and overload the engines. Overloading an engine will soon
decrease the speed / frequency with the danger of motoring the engine, as the flow of power will be altered from net-
work to alternator (Reverse power). The electric protection system must disconnect such alternator from the network.
An overload situation is always a critical situation for the vessel and a blackout has to be avoided.
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Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 11 (26)
The detailed power management functionality always depends on the plant configuration, the operational require-
3700088-0.1
ments but also on general philosophy and preferred solution of the owner. The parameters when to stat or to stop a
genset / alternator have always to be evaluated individually. The following figure shows that in principle:
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Description
12 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
For example the load depending start / stop of gensets / alternators is shown in the next table. It can be seen that
3700088-0.1
the available power depends on the status of the gensets / alternators when they get their starting command. As an
example a plant with 4 gensets / alternators is shown:
No of alternators connected Alternator load Available power (Power reserve) via load Time to accept
pick-up by the running GenSets load
2 85% 2 x 15% = 30% 0....10 sec
3 87% 3 x 13% = 39% 0....10 sec
4 90% 4 x 10% = 40% 0....10 sec
No of alternators connected Alternator load Available power (Power reserve) by starting Time to accept
a standby*) GenSets load
2 70 2 x 30% = 60% < 1 min
3 75 3 x 25% = 75% < 1 min
4 80 4 x 20% = 80% < 1 min
*) preheated, prelubricated, etc. starting conditions see belonging MAN Energy Solutions Engine Project Guide.
The available power for this example could look like this:

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Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 13 (26)
Power management system

3700088-0.1
Derived from the above mentioned main tasks of a power management system the following functions are typical:
- Automatic load dependent start / stop of gensets / alternators

- Manual starting / stopping of gensets / alternators
- Fault dependent start /stop of standby gensets / alternators in cases of under-frequency and/or under-voltage.
- Start of gensets / alternators in case of a blackout (Black-start capability)
- Determining and selection of the starting / stopping sequence of gensets / alternators
- Start and supervise the automatic synchronization of alternators and bus tie breakers
- Balanced and unbalanced load application and sharing between gensets / alternators. Often an emergency pro-
gram for quickest possible load acceptance is necessary.
- Regulation of the network frequency (with static droop or constant frequency)
- Distribution of active load between alternators
- Distribution of reactive load between alternators
- Handling and blocking of heavy consumers
- Automatic load shedding
- Tripping of non-essential consumers
- Bus tie and breaker monitoring and control
All questions regarding the functionality of the power management system have to be clarified with MAN Energy
Solutions at an early project stage.
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Description
14 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
3700088-0.1
1.11 Example configurations of diesel-electric propulsion plants
Offshore Support Vessels
The term “Offshore Service & Supply Vessel” includes a large class of vessel types, such as Platform Supply Vessels
(PSV), Anchor Handling/Tug/Supply (AHTS), Offshore Construction Vessel (OCV), Diving Support Vessel (DSV), Mul-
tipurpose Vessel, etc.
Electric propulsion is the norm in ships which frequently require dynamic positioning and station keeping capability.
Initially these vessels mainly used variable speed motor drives and fixed pitch propellers. Now they mostly deploy
variable speed thrusters and they are increasingly being equipped with hybrid diesel-mechanical and diesel-electric
propulsion.
Example: DE-configuration of a PSV.
In modern applications often frequency converters with an Active Front End are used, which give specific benefits in
the space consumption of the electric plant, as it is possible to get rid of the heavy and bulky supply transformers. Diesel-electric propulsion plants
Type of conveter / drive Supply transformer Type of E-motor Pros & cons
+ Transformer less solution

Active Front End - Induction + Less space and weight
- THD filter required
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Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 15 (26)
LNG Carriers
3700088-0.1
A propulsion configuration with two high speed E-motors (e.g. 600 RPM or 720 RPM) and a reduction gearbox
(Twin-in-single-out) is a typical configuration, which is used at LNG carriers where the installed alternator power is in
the range of about 40 MW. The electrical plant fulfils high redundancy requirements. Due to the high propulsion
power which is required and higher efficiencies synchronous E-motors are used.
Example: DE-configuration (redundant) of a LNG carrier with geared transmission, single screw and FP propeller
+ High propulsion power

VSI with PWM 24pulse Synchronous + High drive & motor efficiency
+ Low harmonics
- Heavy E-plant configuration
For ice going carriers and tankers also podded propulsion is a robust solution, which has been applied in several ves-
sels.
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Description
16 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
Cruise and ferries
3700088-0.1
Passenger vessels – cruise ships and ferries – are an important application field for diesel-electric propulsion. Safety
and comfort are paramount. New regulations, as “Safe Return to Port”, require a high reliable and redundant electric
propulsion plant and also onboard comfort is a high priority, allowing only low levels of noise and vibration from the
ship´s machinery.
A typical electric propulsion plant is shown in the example below.
Example: DE-configuration (redundant) of a cruise liner, twin screw, gear less.
Type of conveter / drive Supply transformer Type of E-motor Pros & cons Diesel-electric propulsion plants
+ Highly redundant & reliable
VSI with PWM 24pulse Synchronous (slow speed + High drive & motor efficiency
150 rpm) + Low noise & vibration
- Complex E-plant configuration
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For cruise liners often also geared transmission is applied as well as pods.
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 17 (26)
For a RoPax ferry almost the same requirements are valid as for a cruise liner.
3700088-0.1
The figure below shows an electric propulsion plant with a “classical” configuration, consisting of high speed E-mo-
tors (900 RPM or 1200 RPM), geared transmission, frequency converters and supply transformers.
Example: DE-configuration (redundant) of a RoPax ferry, twin screw, geared transmission.
12 pulse, two + Robust & reliable technology

VSI-type secondary Induction + No THD filters
(with PWM technology) windings, 30° - More space & weight (compared
phase shift to transfprmer less solution)
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Description
18 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
Advanced applications
3700088-0.1
As MAN Energy Solutions works together with different suppliers for diesel-electric propulsion plants an optimal
matched solution can be designed for each application, using the most applicable components from the market
(Freedom of choice). The following example shows a smart solution, patented by STADT AS (Norway).
In many cases a combination of an E-propulsion motor, running on two constants speeds (Medium, high) and a pitch
controllable propeller (CPP) gives a high reliable and compact solution with low electrical plant losses.
Example: DE-configuration (redundant) of a RoRo, twin screw, geared transmission.
+ Highly reliable & compact

Sinusoidal drive (Patended Induction + Low losses
by STADT AS) - + Transformer less solution
+ Low THD (No THD filters needed) Diesel-electric propulsion plants
- Only applicable with a CP propeller
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Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 19 (26)
3700088-0.1
Questionnaire: Diesel-electric propulsion plants

In order to provide you with appropriate project material and to carry out proposals promptly and accurately, we
would kindly request you to fill in as many of the following details as possible and return it with a complete set of ar-
rangement drawings to your sales representative.
General data
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
Address _________________________________________________________________________________
Phone _________________________________________________________________________________
E-mail _________________________________________________________________________________
Project _________________________________________________________________________________
Type of vessel _________________________________________________________________________________
Propulsion principle:
□ Diesel-electric □ CODLAD □ CODLAG
Main particulars:
Length, overall [m] __________________________________________________________________________
Length, pp [m] __________________________________________________________________________

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Breadth, moulded [m] __________________________________________________________________________
Depth, moulded [m] __________________________________________________________________________
Draught, design [m] __________________________________________________________________________

Description
Draught, scantling [m] __________________________________________________________________________
20 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
DWT, at sct draught [t] __________________________________________________________________________
3700088-0.1
Gross tonnage [GRT] __________________________________________________________________________
Crew + Passengers _____________+____________________________________________________________

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Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 21 (26)
3700088-0.1
Classification society ____________________ Class notation ________________________________
Additional class notification Redundancy ________________________________
Ice class ________________________________
Ambient conditions:
Max. machinery room temperature [°C] _______________________________________________________
Max. sea water temperature [°C] _______________________________________________________
Max. fresh water temperature [°C] _______________________________________________________
Speed and margins

Speed:
Ship design speed [kn] ______________________________ (at maximum propusionshaft power)
Sea margin [%] ________________________________________________________________
Max. allowed load of engines [%] _________________________________ % MCR
Propulsion system and power demand

Main Propulsion:
□ Shaft propulsion □ Single screw □ Single in - single out

□ Tandem
□ Twin in - single out
□ Twin screw □ Two shaft lines
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□ 2xTwin in - single out

□ Steerable rudder propellers (=Azimuth thrusters)
□ Pods
□ ___________________________________________________________________________
Description
22 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
3700088-0.1
Data for main propulsion:
□ FPP Number ____________
Max. shaft power on propulsion E-motor (per propeller; including sea margin)
[kW] ____________________________________________________________________________
Propeller revolution [RPM] __________________________________________________________
Input speed (= E-motor RPM) _______________________________________________________
Reduction gearbox □ yes □ no
□ CPP Number ____________

[kW] ____________________________________________________________________________
□ Azi. thruster Number ____________

[kW] ____________________________________________________________________________
Propeller type □ FPP □ CPP
□ Pod Number ____________

Max. shaft power on propulsion E-motor (per pod; including sea margin)
[kW] ____________________________________________________________________________ Diesel-electric propulsion plants
E-motor speed [RPM] _____________________________________________________________
□ ________ Number ____________

Max. shaft power on propulsion E-motor (each; including sea margin)
[kW] ____________________________________________________________________________
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Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 23 (26)
3700088-0.1
Data for manoeuvering propulsors:

□ Bow thruster Number ____________
[kW] _________________________________________________________________________
Input speed (= E-motor RPM) ____________________________________________________
□ Stern thruster Number ____________

[kW] _________________________________________________________________________
□ __________ Number ____________

[kW] _________________________________________________________________________
Propeller revolution [RPM] _______________________________________________________
Electrical load balance
Max. total electrical power demand at sea

For main propulsion [kWel] ____________________________________________________
for vessel's consumers [kWel] ____________________________________________________
Max. total electrical power demand at manoeuvering
for main propulsion [kWel] ____________________________________________________

for manoeuvering propulsors [kWel] ____________________________________________________
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for vessel's consumers [kWel] ____________________________________________________

Description
24 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
3700088-0.1
Max. total electrical power demand at port
for vessel's consumers [kWel] ________________________________________________________
The five biggest electrical consumers of the vessel

(apart from main propulsion and manoeuvering propulsors)
Name _______________________________________ ;kWel: _______________________________________
Name _______________________________________ ;kWel: _______________________________________
Name _______________________________________ ;kWel: _______________________________________
Name _______________________________________ ;kWel: _______________________________________
Name _______________________________________ ;kWel: _______________________________________
Please provide us with a complete E-Load-Balance of the vessel.
Electrical system and motors

Numbers of generators ______________________________________________________________________________
Power per generator [kWel] _______________________________________________________________________
Power factor _______________________________________________________________________________________
Revolution of generators [RPM] ________________________________________________________________________
Frequenzy [Hz] ______________________________________________________________________________________
Voltage level of generator and MSB [V] __________________________________________________________________
Voltage levels of sub-switchboards [V] ___________________________________________________________________
□ 3-phase, 3-wire, isolated from hull
System grounding of MSB □ 3-phase, 3-wire, isolated via high-resistive resistor
□ _____________________________________________________________
Main propulsion E-motors

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Number of winding systems □ 1 □ 2

Speed control □ variable speed via frequency converter
□ ________________________________________________________________
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38 25 (26)
Manoeuvering E-motors (i.e. bow thrusters)

3700088-0.1
□ variable speed via frequency converter

□ constant speed (Start via Y/Δ-unit)
□ constant speed (Start via Softstarter)
□ _________________________________________________
Dimensioning of frequency converter and propulsion E-motor

The design of the frequency converters and the torque capability of the propulsion E-motors is usually rated in
between a constant power range of 90% …100% of the propeller revolution (for a FPP-driven vessel).
Torque capability □ Constant power form _______ % to 100% of propeller RPM

□ Max. over-torque capability of the E-motor ____________ %
Single line diagram

Please provide us with a complete single line diagram of the vessel, if available.
9007212804293515
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Description
26 (26) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38
Cooling water system, 1-string
3700463-0.1
Cooling water system (DE-propulsion)

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Figure 1: .
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38, Diesel-electrical propulsion plants 1 (8)

3700463-0.1

Layout of 1-string cooling water system is the simplest system for cooling the
engine.
The engine is designed for freshwater cooling only. Therefore the cooling wa-
ter system has to be arranged as a centralised or closed cooling water sys-
tem. All recommendable types are described in the following.
The engine design is almost pipeless, i.e. the water flows through internal cav-
ities inside the front-end box and the cylinder units. The front-end box con-
tains all large pipe connections. On the aft-end, the water to the gear oil
cooler has to be connected by the yard.
The engine is equipped with built-on freshwater pumps for both the high and
low temperature cooling water systems. To facilitate automatic start-up of
stand-by pumps, non-return valves are standard.
Thermostatic valve elements, which control the high and low temperature
cooling water system, are also integrated parts of the front-end box.
As alternative the build-on freshwater pumps and thermostatic valve element
can be replaced by "dummies" inside the front-end box. Then these functions
can be arranged in the external systems according to the customized de-
mands.
The engine is equipped with a two stage charge air cooler. The first stage is
placed in the high temperature cooling water system. The charging air tem-
perature after the turbocharger is at its maximum, making a higher degree of
heat recovery possible, when the heat is dissipated to the high temperature
cooling water.
The second stage of the charge air cooler is placed in the low temperature
system. It will cool the charging air further down before entering the combus-
tion chamber.
For special applications i.e. sailing in arctic waters with low air temperatures
and direct air intake from deck, a regulating system can be applied to control
the water flow to the second stage of the charge air cooler in order to in-
crease the charging air temperature, at low load.
Velocity recommendations for freshwater and sea water pipes:
Freshwater Suction pipe: 1.0 - 2.0 m/s

Delivery pipe: 2.0 - 3.5 m/s

Sea water Suction pipe: 1.0 - 1.5 m/s
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Central cooling water system
Sea water filter, item 3

Design data:
Description
Capacity: See sea water pump

Pressure drop across Max 0.05 bar
clean filter:
2 (8) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31;L27/38, Diesel-electrical propulsion plants

3700463-0.1
dirty filter:
Mesh size: ø3 - ø5 mm
Free filter hole area: Min two times the
normal pipe area
9007217077289739
Sea water pumps, item 4

The pumps should always be installed below sea water level when the ship is
unloaded.
Figure 2: Pump characteristic
The pumps in parallel, layout point 2 (see fig 2), are as standard designed to
fulfill:
Capacity: Determined by the cooler manufacturer.

Approx 100 - 175% of fresh water flow in the cooler, de-
pending on the central cooler
Pressure: 1.8 - 2.0 bar
Sea water Max 32oC
temperature:
9007217077289739
The volume of sea water required to circulate through a known sized cooler to
remove a known amount of heat, is very sensitive and dependent on the sea
water temperature.
The relation between sea water temperature and the necessary water flow in
the central cooler is shown in fig 3.
2021-10-08 - en
Description

3700463-0.1
Figure 3: Necessary water flow
Depending on the actual characteristic of the system resistance curve and the
pump characteristic curve, the sea water flow with only one pump in service
will be approx 75%. This means that the cooling capacity can be obtained
with only one pump until reaching a sea water temperature of approx 30°C.
The back pressure in single pump operation must be observed as a low back
pressure may lead to unfavourable operation and cavitation of impeller. We
are pleased to advise on more specific questions concerning the layout of
pumps and location of orifices, etc.
Central cooler(s), item 18

If we are to supply the central cooler(s), it will be a plate cooler with titanium
2021-10-08 - en
plates.
Design data:
Heat transfer: List of capacities
Pressure drop LT: Max 0.5 bar
Pressure drop SW: Max 0.5 bar standard
Description
Max 1.0 bar if HT cooler

is in LT system
9007217077289739

Two central coolers in parallel
3700463-0.1
For an extra investment of 20-25% for the central cooler a much greater
safety margin can be achieved by installing two central coolers each of 50%
required capacity, operating in parallel instead of one cooler at 100% capa-
city.
With such flexibility it is possible to carry out repair and maintenance during a
voyage especially in temperate climates where the sea water temperature is
below the design temperature.
Expansion tanks, items 29

Separate expansion tanks for the LT and HT system should be installed to ac-
commodate for changes of volume due to varying temperatures and possible
leakage in the LT and HT systems. The separated HT and LT systems facilit-
ates trouble shooting.
The minimum water level in the expansion tank should be approximately 8 m
above the centre line of the crankshaft. This will ensure sufficient suction head
to the fresh water pump and reduce the possibility of cavitation, as well as
local “hot spots” in the engine.
The expansion tank should be equipped with a vent pipe and flange for filling
the tank with water and inhibitors.
The vent pipe should be installed below the minimum water level to reduce
oxidation of the cooling water due to splashing from the vent pipe.
Volume: Min 15% of water volume,

however, min 100 litres.
9007217077289739
Preheating
at outlet of the cylinders (see thermometer TI10). Cooling water system, 1-string
2021-10-08 - en

gines.
Description

3700463-0.1

Preheating element, build-in

The preheating power required for electrical preheating is stated below:
Engine type Heating power
5L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 12 kW
6L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 12 kW
7L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
8L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
9L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
5L27/38 15 kW
6L27/38 15 kW
7L27/38 24 kW
8L27/38 24 kW
9L27/38 24 kW
9007217077289739
The figures are based on raising and maintain the engine temperature to 50°C
(L21/31) / 40oC (L27/38) (20 - 60°C) for a period of at least 10 hours including
the cooling water contained within the engine.
We will be pleased to make calculations for other conditions on request.
The preheater can be of the electrical type. If sufficient central heating capa-
city is available, a plate type heat exchanger can be installed. It is important

that the inhibited fresh water, used in the main engine cooling system, is not
mixed with water from the central heating system.
Cyl. No. 5 6 7 8 9
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HT and LT system (litre)
150 180 210 240 270
Expansion vol. (litre)

10 12 13 15 20
Description
cylinders.
9007217077289739

Circulating pump for preheater, item 38
3700463-0.1
For preheating the engine a pump should be installed to circulate high tem-
perature cooling water through the preheater.
Data for external preheating system, item 39

High pressure from external cooling water pumps may disturb the preheating
of the engine. In order to avoid this, it is in most cases necessary to install
automatic shut off valve at cooling water inlet, which close when the engine is
stopped.
through the engine should for each cylinder be approx. 4 l/min with flow from
top and downwards and 25 l/min with flow from bottom and upwards.
Different arrangements of central cooling systems

There are many variations of centralised cooling systems and we are available
to discuss various changes to suit an owner’s or builder’s specific wishes.
For each plant, special consideration should be given to the following design
criteria: Sea water temperatures, pressure loss in coolers, valves and pipes,
pump capacities etc, for which reason these components have not been spe-
cified in this guide.
Closed cooling systems

Several systems have been developed to avoid sea water. The benefits are:
▪ Minimising the use of expensive corrosion resistant pipes, valves and
pumps
▪ Sea water pumps at reasonable costs
▪ No cleaning of plate type central heat exchangers
Such systems are advantageous in the following conditions:
▪ Sailing in shallow waters
▪ Sailing in very cold waters
▪ Sailing in corrosive waters (eg some harbours)
▪ Sailing in water with high contents of solids (dredging and some rivers)
A disadvantage of most closed cooling water systems is the poor heat trans-
fer coefficient.
LT coolers with very small temperature differences between the cooling water
and the sea or raw water, require a relatively large heat exchanger to enable
sufficient heat transfer.
2021-10-08 - en
The L21/31 and L27/38 engine are a high efficient main engine calling for high
efficient coolers. Therefore some designs cannot be recommended.
We are available to offer advice for specific cooler types, but the final respons-
ibility for design, pressure losses, strength and system maintenance remains
with the yard and the shipowner. We reserve the right not to accept proposed
coolers, which seems to be insufficient for its purpose.
Also when using other types of closed cooling water systems the HT and LT
Description
cooling water systems have to be separated.

Box cooler
3700463-0.1
The box cooling system has through many years proven to be a reliable
closed cooling water system. The box cooler is a pre-manufactured tube
bundle for mounting in a sea chest.
The movement of the sea water across the heat exchanger is initiated by the
movement of the heated sea water upwards because of the lower density
compared with that of the surrounding water. This means that the heat trans-
fer is less dependant on the ship’s speed, compared to coolers mounted on
the shell of the vessel. However the speed of the vessel does have some influ-
ence on the cooling area. For vessels sailing at below 3 knots at MCR, ie
tugs, dredgers etc, the speed has to be considered when designing the
cooler.
The temperature of the sea water has influence on the heat exchanger effi-
ciency as well. We recommend that a temperature of 25°C or 32°C is used,
depending on the vessel’s operating area.
The tube bundle is normally of corrosion resistant material with a non-metallic
coating. The coating protects the vessel from galvanic corrosion between the
sea chest and the box cooler. Uncoated coolers may be used, but special
consideration has to be given to the galvanic separation of the box cooler and
the hull.
In waters with mussels and shell fish these might want to live on the tube
bundle, which the different box cooler manufacturers have different solutions
to avoid.
If the box cooler is supplied by us, it consists of a steel frame for welding to
the hull, a tube bundle and a topbox, delivered complete with counter flanges,
gaskets and bolts.
Design data:
Heat transfer: See planning data
Pressure drop Max 0.5 bar
through all coolers:
Min vessel Normally more than 3 knots
speed at MCR:
9007217077289739
Other cooler types

Some traditional, low efficient coolers fitted to the hull and often referred to as
keel cooling, skin cooling or tank cooling is not recommended for the L21/31
and L27/38 engines. The layout of such coolers is difficult and changes due to
lack of efficiency is very complicated and expensive. The low temperature dif-
2021-10-08 - en
ference between the sea water and the LT cooling water results in a very large
cooling water surface. Depending on the design of the cooler, the waterflow
around the hull and to the propeller will be disturbed, causing increased hull
resistance and lower speed for the same power.
9007217077289739
Description

Cooling water system, 1.5-string
3700475-0.1

2021-10-08 - en
Figure 1: .
Description

3700475-0.1

Layout of 1.5-string cooling water system is much similar to 1-string. An addi-
tional high temperature outlet connection for e.g. waste heat recovery is ad-
ded.
Only part of the high temperature water energy can be used by 1.5 string. Full
recovery of energy in high temperature water can be obtained by 2-string lay-
out.
mands.
cooling water.
tion chamber.

2021-10-08 - en


Description

Design data:

3700475-0.1
clean filter:
dirty filter:
normal pipe area
9007217678583947

unloaded.
fulfill:

Sea water Max 32oC
temperature: Cooling water system, 1.5-string
9007217678583947
water temperature.
2021-10-08 - en

Description

3700475-0.1


2021-10-08 - en
plates.
Design data:
Description

is in LT system
9007217678583947

3700475-0.1
city.


9007217678583947
Preheating
at outlet of the cylinders (see thermometer TI10). Cooling water system, 1.5-string
2021-10-08 - en

gines.
Description

3700475-0.1


5L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 12 kW
6L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 12 kW
7L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
8L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
9L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
5L27/38 15 kW
6L27/38 15 kW
7L27/38 24 kW
8L27/38 24 kW
9L27/38 24 kW
9007217678583947
Cyl. No. 5 6 7 8 9
2021-10-08 - en

150 180 210 240 270

10 12 13 15 20
Description
cylinders.
9007217678583947

3700475-0.1

stopped.


pumps
fer coefficient.
2021-10-08 - en
Description

Box cooler
3700475-0.1
cooler.
the hull.
to avoid.
gaskets and bolts.
Design data:
speed at MCR:
9007217678583947
Other cooler types

2021-10-08 - en
9007217678583947
Description

3700478-6.1

2021-10-08 - en
Figure 1: .
Description

3700478-6.1

Layout of 2-string cooling water system is total separation of low temperature
water and high temperature water. Normally high temperature water is used
for waste heat recovery.
mands.
cooling water.
tion chamber.

2021-10-08 - en

Description
Design data:
clean filter:

3700478-6.1
dirty filter:
normal pipe area
9007217691650443

unloaded.
fulfill:

Sea water Max 32oC
temperature:
9007217691650443
water temperature.
2021-10-08 - en
Description

3700478-6.1

2021-10-08 - en
plates.
Design data:
Description

is in LT system
9007217691650443

3700478-6.1
city.


9007217691650443
Preheating
at outlet of the cylinders (see thermometer TI10). Cooling water system, 2-string
2021-10-08 - en

gines.
Description

3700478-6.1


5L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 12 kW
6L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 12 kW
7L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
8L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
9L21/31, 5L21/31 Mk2 15 kW
5L27/38 15 kW
6L27/38 15 kW
7L27/38 24 kW
8L27/38 24 kW
9L27/38 24 kW
9007217691650443

Cyl. No. 5 6 7 8 9
2021-10-08 - en

150 180 210 240 270

10 12 13 15 20
Description
cylinders.
9007217691650443

3700478-6.1

stopped.


pumps
fer coefficient.
2021-10-08 - en
Description

Box cooler
3700478-6.1
cooler.
the hull.
to avoid.
gaskets and bolts.
Design data:
speed at MCR:
9007217691650443
Other cooler types

2021-10-08 - en
9007217691650443
Description

Lifting instruction
1679794-8.3
Lifting of Complete Generating Sets.
The generating sets should only be lifted in the two wire straps. Normally, the
lifting tools and the wire straps are mounted by the factory. If not, it must be
observed that the fixing points for the lifting tools are placed differently de-
pending on the number of cylinders.
The lifting tools are to be removed after the installation, and the protective
caps should be fitted.
Figure 1: Lifting tools

2021-11-05 - en
Lifting instruction
Description
L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L16/24S;L16/24;L21/31 1 (2)
1679794-8.3
Figure 2: Lifting tools' and wires placing on engine.
Engine Type 2 X 4 bolt to be mounted over cover of cyl.

no.
5L16/24, 5L21/31 3 cyl. 5 cyl.
6L16/24, 6L21/31 4 cyl. 6 cyl.
7L16/24, 7L21/31 5 cyl. 7 cyl.
8L16/24, 8L21/31 5 cyl. 7 cyl.
9L16/24, 9L21/31 6 cyl. 8 cyl.

9007213456867723
Note: Based on MAN Energy Solutions standard alternator

9007213456867723
2021-11-05 - en
Lifting instruction
Description
2 (2) L21/31-Mk2;L21/31S;L16/24S;L16/24;L21/31

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MAN Energy Solutions

Design Specification: ....................... L21/31 Mk 2

MAN Energy Solutions

B 10 Basic diesel engine

Dimensions and weights ..................................................................................................... B 10 01 1

Firing pressure comparison ................................................................................................. B 10 01 1

B 11 Fuel oil system

Setting the heavy fuel oil supply system .................................................................... 010.000.023-25

Fuel oil diagram................................................................................................................... B 11 00 0

B 12 Lubricating oil system

B 13 Cooling water system

Internal cooling water system .............................................................................................. B 13 00 3

Design data for the external cooling water system............................................................... B 13 00 0

B 14 Compressed air system

B 15 Combustion air system

B 16 Exhaust gas system

B 17 Speed control system

B 19 Safety and control system

Control and safety systems ................................................................................................. B 19 00 0

Prelubricating oil pump starting box .................................................................................... E 19 11 0

B 98 Preservation and packing

Introduction to project guide

Introduction to project guide

B : Basic Diesel engine / built-on engine

Function/system number: A distinction is made between the various chapters

0 : General information 1 : Standard

revision No and Release date.

Engine programme - MAN four-stroke marine GenSets

Engine programme - MAN four-stroke marine GenSets

Key for engine designation

Key for engine designation

Engine room staff

Minimum safety equipment requirements:

Use harness working at heights over 2 meters!

cific work procedures.

Keep clear of the space below a crane with load.

Remove any oil spil at once.

Handling of flammable materials

Handling electrical wiring and cables

▪ Cables of intrinsically safe circuits (for EX zones) should always be laid in

Handling hoses and pipes

▪ Hot liquid or gaseous media.

▪ Liquid or gaseous media under high pressure.

Solutions accepts no liability in this regards whatsoever.

All spares should be protected against corrosion and mechanical damage.

In case of malfunctioning hydraulic jacks or hoses

WARNING Keep the work area clear

CAUTION First Aid

the stored components, consideration of the transport and traffic routes).

specialized companies and personnel, it has to be ensured that a faulty

▪ Installation of flexible connections

– Prohibited area signs

separately. The engine ventilation of different engines must not be con-

off and collected safely.

▪ Fail-safe 24 V power supply