OWN CRYPTOGRAPHY SYSTEM

A
Project Report

Submitter in Partial fulfillment for the award of

Diploma in COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
BHOPAL (M.P)

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
01.Kashish bhangre 07.Vikash Sharma
02.Pratham Singh Parmar 08.Tohid shah
03.Mohd Zeeshan khan 09.Gandharva Singh
04.Devansu Agrawal 10.Vishal Dehariya
05.Ansh Nagesh 11. Harsh Suryawansh
06.Harshit Baghel

Guided & Approved By Assist by Forwarded by

MR. H. D. PATIL Miss. PRATIMA DHURWEY DR. R. K. PANDAY
HOD Principal
Department of Computer Govt. Polytechnic College
Department of Computer
science & Engineering Khirsadoh Parasia
science & Engineering Chhindwara

Session-2021-22
Department of Compute science & Engineering
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE KHIRSADOH PARASIA CHHINDWARA
 GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE KHIRSADOH PARASIA
Department of Compute science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodied in this project work entitled " OWN
CRYPTOGRAPHY SYSTEM” has been satisfactorily completed by
PRATHAM SINGH PARAMR
19023C04041
It is a bonafide piece of work, carried out under the guidance in Department of
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
KHIRSADOH, PARASIA, CHHINDWARA for the partial fulfillment of the DIPLOMA
ENGINEERING during the academic year 2021-22.

Guided & Approved By Assist by Forwarded by

MR. H. D. PATIL Miss. PRATIMA DHURWEY DR. R. K. PANDAY
HOD Principal
Department of Computer Govt. Polytechnic College
Department of Computer
science & Engineering Khirsadoh Parasia
science & Engineering Chhindwara
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE KHIRSADOH PARASIA
Department of Compute science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This foregoing project work is hereby approved as a creditable study of
Engineering carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to
warranty its acceptance as a prerequisite to the diploma for which it has
been submitted. It is understood that by this approval the undersigned
do not necessarily endorse approve any statement made, opinion
expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but approve the project only for
the purpose for which it has been submitted.

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE KHIRSADOH PARASIA
Department of Compute science & Engineering

DECLARATION
I am student of diploma in COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING,
Govt. Polytechnic College Khirsadoh Parasia hereby declare that the
work presented in this major project is outcome of my own work, is
bonafide, correct to the best of my knowledge and this work has been
carried out taking care of engineering ethics. The work presented does
not infringe any patented work and has not been submitted to any
university for the award of any degree or professional diploma.

Submitted by
01.Kashish bhangre 07.Vikash Sharma
02.Pratham Singh Parmar 08.Tohid shah
03.Mohd Zeeshan khan 09.Gandharva Singh
04.Devansu Agrawal 10.Vishal Dehariya
05.Ansh nagesh 11. Harsh Suryawansh
06.Harshit Baghel
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE KHIRSADOH PARASIA
Department of Compute science & Engineering

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Every work started and carried out with systematic approach turns out
to be successful. Any accomplished requires the effort of many people
and this work is no different. This project was a struggle that was made
much more difficult due to numerous reasons, some of error rection was
beyond my control. Sometimes I like rudderless boat without knowing
what to do next. It was then the timely guidance of that has seen us
through all these odds. I will be very grateful to them for their
inspiration, encouragement and guidance in all phases of the endeavor.
It is my great pleasure to thank MR. H. D. PATIL, HOD of COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING for his constant encouragement and valuable
advice during the course of my project. I also want to extend my valuable
guidance and help during development of the project. I also wish to
express our gratitude towards all other staff members for their kind
help.
Finally, I thank MISS, PRATIMA DHYURWEY who was tremendously
contributed to this project directly as well as indirectly; gratitude from
the depths of our hearts is due to him. Regardless of source I wish to
express our gratitude to those who contribute to this work, even though
anonymously.
PRATHAM SINGH PARMAR
19023CO4041
 ABSTRACT
Securing data encryption and decryption using Cryptography and
Steganography techniques. Due to recent developments in stego
analysis, providing security to personal contents, messages, or
digital images using steganography has become difficult. By using
stego analysis, one can easily reveal existence of hidden
information in carrier files. This project introduces a novel
steganographic approach for communication between two private
parties. The approach introduced in this project makes use of both
steganographic as well as cryptographic techniques. In
Cryptography we are using RSA. In Steganography we are using
Image Steganography for hiding the data. And we also use Mutual
Authentication process to satisfy all services in Cryptography i.e.,
Access Control, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication. In this
way we can maintain the data more securely. Since we use RSA
algorithm for securing the data and again on this we perform
Steganography to hide the data in an image. Such that any other
person in the network cannot access the data present in the
network. Only the sender and receiver can retrieve the message
from the data. Keywords : Rivest-Shamir-Adelman(RSA),
Crptography, Steganography
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1
Introduction 1
Cryptography 2
Steganography Versus Cryptography 3
Benefits of Steganography and Cryptography 4
Applications of Steganography 5
Motivation for the work 6
Problem Statement 7
Organization of Thesis 8

LITERATURE SURVEY
METHODOLOGY
System Architecture
Proposed System
Module Division
Base-64
RSA
Steganography

Algorithm Illustration

DESIGN
Class Diagram
Use Case Diagram
Sequence Diagram
Activity Diagram
5. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 25

System Configurations 26
Software Requirements
Hardware Requirements 27
Sample Code
Screenshot 28
Testing 29
Results 30

6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 31

REFERENCES 32

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Digital communication witnesses a noticeable and continuous development in many
applications in the Internet. Hence, secure communication sessions must be provided.
The security of data transmitted across a global network has turned into a key factor on
the network performance measures. So, the confidentiality and the integrity of data are
needed to prevent eavesdroppers from accessing and using transmitted data.
Steganography and Cryptography are two important techniques that are used to
provide network security.

The aim of this project is to develop a new approach to hiding a secret information in
an image, by taking advantage of benefits of combining cryptography and
steganography.

Cryptography
Cryptography is one of the traditional methods used to guarantee the privacy of
communication between parties. This method is the art of secret writing, which is used
to encrypt the plaintext with a key into ciphertext to be transferred between parties on
an insecure channel. Using a valid key, the ciphertext can be decrypted to the original
plaintext. Without the knowledge of the key, nobody can retrieve the plaintext.
Cryptography plays an essential role in many factors required for secure
communication across an insecure channel, like confidentiality, privacy, non-
repudiation, key exchange, and authentication.
 Fig 1.1.1 : Cryptography as a flow model.

Symmetric / Secret Key Cryptography

The technique of Secret key encryption can also be known as the symmetric-key,
shared key, single-key, and eventually private-key encryption. The technique of
private key uses for all sides encryption and decryption of secret data. The original
information or plaintext is encrypted with a key by the sender side also the similarly
key is used by the receiver to decrypt a message to obtain the plaintext. the key will be
known only by a people who are authorized to the encryption/decryption. However,
the technique affords the good security for transmission but there is a difficulty with
the distribution of the key. If one stole or explore the key he can get whole data
without any difficulty. An example of Symmetric-Key is DES Algorithm.
Asymmetric / Public Key Cryptography

We can call this technique as asymmetric cryptosystem or public key cryptosystem,

this technique use two keys which are mathematically associated, use separately for
encrypting and decrypting the information. In this technique, when we use the private
key, there are no possibilities to obtain the data or simply discover the other key. The
key used for encryption is stored public therefore it’s called public key, and the
decryption key is stored secret and called private key. An example of Asymmetric-Key
Algorithm is RSA.

Steganography
It can be defined as the science of hiding and communicating data through apparently
reliable carriers in attempt to hide the existence of the data. So, there is no knowledge
of the existence of the message in the first place. If a person views the cover which the
information is hidden inside, he or she will have no clue that there is any covering
data, in this way the individual won’t endeavour to decode the data. The secret
information can be inserted into the cover media by the stego system encoder with
using certain algorithm. A secret message can be plaintext, an image, ciphertext, or
anything which can be represented in form of a bitstream. after the secret data is
embedded in the cover object, the cover object will be called as a stego object also the
stego object sends to the receiver by selecting the suitable channel, where decoder
system is used with the same stego method for obtaining original information as the
sender would like to transfer .
 Fig 1.1.2 : Stegonography as a flow model.

Types of Steganography

There are various types of steganography.

A. Text Files

The technique of embedding secret data inside a text is identified as text stego. Text
steganography needs a low memory because this type of file can only store text files.
It affords fast transfer or communication of files from a sender to receiver.

B. Image Files

It is the procedure in which we embed the information inside the pixels of image. So,
that the attackers cannot observe any change in the cover image. LSB approach is a
common image steganography algorithm.
C. Audio Files

It is the process in which we hide the information inside an audio. There are many
approaches to hide secret information in an audio files for examples Phase Coding,
LSB .

D. Video Files

It is the process of hiding some secret data inside the frames of a video.

Steganography versus Cryptography

Steganography and cryptography are used for the purpose of data transmission over an
insecure network without the data being exposed to any unauthorized persons.
Steganography embeds the data in a cover image while cryptography encrypts the data.
The advantage of Steganography is that, the look of the file isn’t changed and this it will
not raise any doubt for the attacker to suspect that there may be some data hidden unlike
cryptography that encrypts the data and sends it to network.

Benefits of Steganography and Cryptography

It is noted that steganography and cryptography alone is insufficient for the security
of information, therefore if we combine these systems, we can generate more reliable
and strong approach. The combination of these two strategies will improve the
security of the information. This combined will fulfill the prerequisites, for example,
memory space, security, and strength for important information transmission across an
open channel. Also, it will be a powerful mechanism which enables people to
communicate without interferes of eavesdroppers even knowing there is a style of
communication in the first place.
Applications of Steganography

(i) Secret Communication : Steganography does not advertise secret communication and
therefore avoids scrutiny of the sender message. A trade secret, blueprint, or other
sensitive information can be transmitted without alerting potential attackers.

(ii) Feature Tagging : Elements can be embedded inside an image, such as the
names of the individuals in a photo or location in a map. Copying the stego image also
copies all of the embedded features and only parties who possess the decode stego key
will be able to extract and view the features.

(iii) Copyright Protection : Copy protection mechanisms that prevent the data,
usually digital data from being copied. The insertion and analysis of water marks to
protect copyrighted material is responsible for the percent rise of interest digital
steganography and data embedding.
 MOTIVATION FOR THE WORK

Motivation is very important function for any project. It is one of the methods to induce
the man on the job to get the work done effectively to have the best results towards the
common objectives. It is necessary for the better performance.

Motivation can be seen as the inner drive, which prompts people to act in a way either
towards achieving their personal goals or organizational goals. To a large extent,
motivation is “leadership” as it involves getting the whole staff to learn to work willingly
and well in the interest of the business. A leader can influence his subordinate only when
they are convinced.

Conviction can only come when the entire subordinate accepts those factors that propel
actions of individuals, which are referred to as motivation. They may be highly paid,

prestigious titles promotion, praises, bonus, etc. The word is an abstract noun applying to
the entire class of desired need wishes and similar forces. Motivation has to do with action
which results, to satisfaction closely associated with motivation is the word
“miracle” it is injecting of moral and loyalty into the working team so that they will carry
their duties properly and effectively with maximum economy.

The main reason and motivation for choosing this project is, Due to recent developments
in stego analysis, providing security to personal contents, messages, or digital images
using steganography has become difficult. By using stego analysis, one can easily reveal
existence of hidden information in carrier files. So, after been exposed to such problems it
motivated us to do this project where the complete process of transferring of information
is done using two different techniques. All that is required is to select a cover image and
transfer the information using that image.
PROBLEM STATEMENT

The purpose of this project is to provide the correct data with security to the users. For
some of the users the data might be lost during the transmission process in the network
and for some, the data might be changed by the unauthorized person in the network and
there are some other security problems in the network. Our application will give you more
Security to the data present in the network and there will be able to reduce the loss of data
in the network which will be transmitted from the sender to the receiver using the latest
technologies. Only the Authorized persons i.e., who are using our application will be there
in the Network. The proposed algorithm is to hide the audio data effectively in an image
without any suspicion of the data being hidden in the image. It

is to work against the attacks by using a distinct new image that isn’t possible to compare.

The aim of the project is to hide the data in an image using steganography and ensure that
the quality of concealing data must not be lost.

We used a method for hiding the data in a distinct image file in order to securely send over
the network without any suspicion the data being hidden. This algorithm, though requires
a distinct image which we can use as a carrier and hide the data which is well within the
limits of the threshold that the image can hide, that will secure the data.
 ORGANIZATION OF THESIS

The organization of this thesis is as follows.

Chapter-1 is about introduction which gives an idea about of our project domain i.e
Network Security and title is explained i.e., Secure Data Encryption and Decryption Using
Crypto-Stego, how the data is transmitted between two private parties.

Chapter-2 is about literature survey where all previous methods and existing models are
examined.

Chapter-3 contains methodology, where algorithm is implemented for hiding the data in
an image. Even architecture of the system is explained thoroughly.

Chapter-4 consists of design which includes UML diagrams such as class diagram,
usecase, sequence and activity diagram.
Chapter-5 consists experimental analysis and results in this sample code, testing results,
system configurations such as software and hardware requirements, input and output
images are displayed.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

As we said the significance of network security is increased day by day as the size of
data being transferred across the Internet. This issue pushes the researchers to do many
studies to increase the ability to solve security issues. A solution for this issue is using
the advantage of cryptography and steganography combined in one system. Many
studies propose methods to combine cryptography with steganography systems in one
system. This Project has been implemented on the basis of the requirements of
security i.e. authentication, confidentiality, and robustness.

There has been a continuous rise in the number of data security threats in the recent
past and it has become a matter of concern for the security experts. Cryptography and
steganography are the best techniques to nullify this threat. The researchers today are
proposing a blended approach of both techniques because a higher level of security is
achieved when both techniques are used together.

In proposed an encrypting technique by combining cryptography and steganography

techniques to hide the data. In cryptography process, we proposed an effective
technique for data encryption using one’s complement method. It used an Asymmetric
key method where both sender and receiver share the Secret key for encryption and
decryption. In steganography part, we used the LSB method that is used and mostly
preferred.

We present a method based on combining both the strong encrypting algorithm and
steganographic technique to make the communication of confidential information safe,
secure and extremely hard to decode. An encryption technique is employed for
encrypting a secret message into a Cipher text using the Senders
Private Key and receiver public key. The Cipher Text is finally embedded in a suitable
cover image and transferred securely to deliver the secret information.

They utilized a least significant bit method to accomplish the digital image
steganography.

At the receiver’s side, the secret data is retrieved through the decoding process. Thus,
a three-level security has been rendered for them a secret message to be transferred.
 METHODOLOGY

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig 3.1 System Architecture

Data Flow Chat
ER DIAGRAM

3.2 Proposed System

In this section, we will discuss proposed method which combines two different hiding
techniques, which are Cryptography and Steganography. In this proposed
method first, the message is encrypted by use RSA algorithm. After that, we use the
modified LSB technique to embed the encrypted information in image. So, this
technique combines the features of both cryptography and steganography and provides
a high level of security. It is better than either of the technique used separately. There
will be an agreement between the sender and the receiver about the key for the
concealment algorithm as well as the key for the encryption algorithm or these keys
may be exchanged by a secure communication method.
Our method starts by encryption first then hide encrypted data.
 START
APPLICATION

ENCRYPTION DECRYPTION

STEGO -IMAGE
Image Message
+

5
STEGO -IMAGE IMAGE MESSAGE
+

Before applying the cryptography and steganography, initially we convert our input to
Base-64. And we save the obtained text in a text file. Then we proceed to
cryptography and steganography.

3.2.1 Sender Side

The Sender side consists of cryptographic and steganography stages. This method starts
with cryptographic then steganography.
Cryptography Stage :
In encryption stage, we use RSA (Rivest Shamir Adelson) algorithm. This technique
takes two prime numbers. The Encryption can be done using the Plain Text and with
“e” values which was generated using the two prime numbers. Then we will get a
cipher text, which is communicated to the receiving end for decryption. This encrypted
data will be used in steganography stage.

Input= Message + Two Prime Numbers.

Output= Encrypted Message.

Steganography Stage :

In stenography stage, we use LSB (Least Significant Bit) algorithm with some
modification to hide information (encrypted data from cryptography stage) inside a
cover. In our experiment, we use the image as cover to present our method, but this
method can be applied to other files such as audio, and video. The general LSB
method used to hide secret information into a file; the last bit in each pixel or sample
or frame used sequentially to hide one of the binary stream bits Encryption of the
cover image.

Input= Encrypted Message + Secret key+ cover image.

Output= Stego-Image

3.2.2 Receiver side

Receiver side consists of steganography and cryptography stages. In receiver side we will
first extract embedded data then decrypt it.

Steganography Stage :

In the receiver side, we start with steganography then cryptography. We will use the same
steps which are used in sender side.

Input= Stego-Image+ Secret Key.

Output= Encrypted Message.

 Cryptography Stage :

In cryptography stage, we use the data which is extracted from stego file and use RSA. We
will use the same steps which are used in sender side. The Decryption can be done using
the Encrypted message, receivers private key and senders public key.

Input= Encrypted Message + 2 Prime Numbers.

Output= Plain Text.

Now the Plain Text is in the form of Base-64. After getting the plain text apply Base64
coversion to change the Plain-text to given input, which can be Text, Image, Video,
Audio.
MODULE DIVISION
Base-64

Base 64 is an encoding scheme that converts binary data into text format so that encoded
textual data can be easily transported over network un-corrupted and without any data
loss. Base64 is used commonly in a number of applications including email via MIME,
and storing complex data in XML. Problem with sending normal binary data to a network
is that bits can be misinterpreted by underlying protocols, produce incorrect data at
receiving node and that is why we use this method. The term Base64 is taken from the
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) standard, which is widely used for HTTP
and XML, and was originally developed for encoding email attachments for transmission.

Why Do We Use Base64 ?

Base64 is very important for binary data representation, such that it allows binary data to
be represented in a way that looks and acts as plain text, which makes it more reliable to
be stored in databases, sent in emails, or used in text-based format such as XML. Base64
is basically used for representing data in an ASCII string format.

Base64 Encoding
Base64 encoding is the process of converting binary data into a limited character set of 64
characters. The characters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, and / . This character set is considered the
most common character set, and is referred to as MIME’s Base64. It uses A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +,
and / for the first 62 values, and +, and / for the last two values. The Base64 encoded data
ends up being longer than the original data, so that, for every 3 bytes of binary data, there
are at least 4 bytes of Base64 encoded data. This is due to the fact that we are squeezing
the data into a smaller set of characters.
 Base64 Decoding
Base64 decoding is the opposite of Base64 encoding. In other words, it is carried out by
reversing the steps described in the Encoding. So, the Each character in the string is
changed to its Base64 decimal value. The decimal values obtained are converted into their
binary equivalents. The first two bits of the binary numbers are truncated from each of the
binary numbers obtained, and the sets of 6 bits are combined, forming one large string of
binary digits. The large string of binary digits obtained in the previous step is split into
groups of 8 bits. The 8-bit binary numbers are converted into their decimal equivalents.
Finally, the decimal values obtained are converted into their ASCII equivalent.

Usage
Base64 is most commonly used to encode binary data (for example images, or sound files)
for embedding into HTML, CSS, EML, and other text documents. In addition, Base64 is
used to encode data that may be unsupported or damaged during transfer, storage, or
output.
Some of the applications of the algorithm:
• Attach files when sending emails
• Embed images in HTML or CSS via data URI
• Preserve raw bytes of cryptographic functions
• Output binary data as XML or JSON in API responses
• Save binary files to database when BLOB is unavailable

RSA

The RSA algorithm is the basis of a cryptosystem a suite of cryptographic algorithms that
are used for specific security services which enables public key encryption and is widely
used to secure sensitive data, particularly when it is being sent over an insecure network
such as the internet. RSA was first publicly described in 1977 by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir
and Leonard Adleman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, though the 1973
creation of a public key algorithm by British mathematician Clifford Cocks was kept
classified by the U.K.'s GCHQ until 1997. In RSA cryptography, both the public and the
private keys can encrypt a message; the opposite key from the one used to encrypt a
message is used to decrypt it. This attribute is one reason why RSA has become the most
widely used asymmetric algorithm, It provides a method to assure the confidentiality,
integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation of electronic communications and data storage.

RSA derives its security from the difficulty of factoring large integers that are the product
of two large prime numbers. Multiplying these two numbers is easy, but determining the
original prime numbers from the total or factoring is considered infeasible due to the time
it would take using even today's supercomputers.

Why RSA Algorithm is used ?

The public and private key generation algorithm is the most complex part of RSA
cryptography. Two large prime numbers, p and q, are selected. N is calculated by
multiplying p and q. This number is used by both the public and private keys and provides
the link between them. Its length, usually expressed in bits, is called the key length.

The public key consists of the modulus n and a public exponent e. The e doesn't have to
be a secretly selected prime number, as the public key is shared with everyone.

The private key consists of the modulus n and the private exponent d, which is calculated
using the Extended Euclidean algorithm to find the multiplicative inverse with respect to
the totient of n.

RSA Security
RSA security relies on the computational difficulty of factoring large integers. As
computing power increases and more efficient factoring algorithms are discovered, the
ability to factor larger and larger numbers also increases. Encryption strength is directly to
key size, and doubling key length can deliver an exponential increase in strength, although
it does impair performance. RSA keys are typically 1024-bits or 2048-bits long, but
experts believe that 1024-bit keys are no longer fully secure against all attacks. This is
why the government and some industries are moving to a minimum key length of
2048bits.

Barring an unforeseen breakthrough in quantum computing, it will be many years before

longer keys are required, but elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is gaining with many
security experts as an alternative to RSA to implement public key cryptography. It can
create faster, smaller and more efficient cryptographic keys.

Modern hardware and software are ECC-ready, and its popularity is likely to grow, as it
can deliver equivalent security with lower computing power and battery resource usage,
making it more suitable for mobile apps than RSA. Finally, a team of researchers, which
included Adi Shamir, a co-inventor of RSA, has successfully created a 4096-bit RSA key
using acoustic cryptanalysis; however, any encryption algorithm is vulnerable to attack.
 Description of Algorithm
• Plaintext is taken from a specified file and then encrypted using RSA Algorithm.
• Encryption and decryption are of following form for same plaintext M and ciphertext
C.
• C=(M^e)modn
• M=(C^d)modn
• M=((M^e)^d)modn
• M=(M^ed)modn
• Both sender and receiver must know the value of n.
• The sender knows the value of e, and the receiver knows the value of d.
• Thus this is a public key encryption algorithm with a public key of PU = {c, n} and
private key of PR= {d, n}.

RSA algorithm
a) Key Generation :
• Select p and q such that both are the prime numbers, p≠q.
• Calculate n=p×q
• Calculate q(n) = (p-1) (q-1)
• Select an integer e such that : g(d ( (n), e)) =1 & 1< e < (n)
• Calculate d; de = 1 mod (q(n))  Public Key, PU= {e, n}
• Private Key, PR ={d,n}
b) Encryption :
• Plaintext : M
• Ciphertext: C = (M^e) mod n
c) Decryption:
• Ciphertext: C
• Plaintext : M= (C^d) mod n
• Note 1 : (n) -> Euler’s totient function
• Note 2: Relationship between C and d is expressed as: ed (mod (n)) =1
 STEGANOGRAPHY
Data hiding is of important in many applications. For hobbyists, secretive data
transmission, privacy of users etc. the basic methods are: Steganography and
Cryptography. Steganography is a simple security method. Generally there are three
different methods used for hiding information: steganography, cryptography,
watermarking. In cryptography, the information to be hidden is encoded using certain
techniques; this information is generally understood to be coded as the data appears
nonsensical. Steganography is hiding information; this generally cannot be identified
because the coded information doesn’t appear to be abnormal i.e. its presence is
undetectable by sight. Detection of steganography is called Stego analysis.
Steganography is of 4 different types:
• Text steganography
• Image steganography  Audio steganography
• Video steganography
In all of these methods, the basic principle of steganography is that a secret message is to
be embedded in another cover object. So it cannot be detected easily to be containing
hidden information unless proper decryption is used.
Every steganography consists of three components:
• Cover object
• Message object
• Resulting Steganographic object

Image Steganography
Image Steganography deals with the hiding of data within the image, data can be any file,
such as an image, audio, text or another file. We have to wrap up the data using an image.
We have chosen to bind data in an image. This kind of embedding an audio in an image
helps to authenticate the sender, verify whether valid user is receiving the data or not and
to find whether a third party attacker is present in the channel of communication or not.
Since, image is used as a cover file, we have to make sure that the image must be
 accountable for the data that is being embedded. Hence a 24-bit image format proved to be
the best solution for hiding the data, since it holds a large memory space and convenient to
hide a considerable amount of data. Furthermore, the threshold sure of the image must be
calculated for the given image size which will be explained in the laier parts.

LSB Positioning Method

This method is the simplest method of hiding data within in the given image. We utilizes
the LSB bits of the pixels within the given image. When converting the image to digital
format, we usually choose between three different ways of representing colors :
• 24-bit color : every pixel can have one in 2^24 colors, and these are represented as
different quantities of three basic colors : red(R), green(G), blue(b) given by 8 bits (256)
each.
• 8-bit color : every pixel can have one in 256 (2^28) colors, chosen from a palette, or a
table of colors.
• 8-bit gray-scale : every pixel can have one in 256 (2^28) shades of gray.

LSB insertion modifies the LSBs of each color in 24-bit images, or the LSBs of the 8-bit
value for 8-bit images. The most basic of LSBs insertion for 24-bit pictures inserts 3
bits/pixel.

For image steganography we are using Spatial methods. In spatial method, the most
common method used is LSB substitution method. Least significant bit (LSB) method is a
common, simple approach to embedding information in a cover file. In steganography,
LSB substitution method is used. I.e. since every image has three components (RGB).
This pixel information is stored in encoded format in one byte. The first bits containing
this information for every pixel can be modified to store the hidden text. For this, the
preliminary condition is that the text to be stored has to be smaller or of equal size to the
image used to hide the text. LSB based method is a spatial domain method. But this is
 vulnerable to cropping and noise. In this method, the MSB (most significant bits) of the
message image to be hidden are stored in the LSB (least significant bits) of the image used
as the cover image.

The Human visual system (HVS) cannot detect changes in the colour or intensity of a
pixel when the LSB bit is modified. This is psycho-visual redundancy since this can be
used as an advantage to store information in these bits and yet notice no major difference
in the image.

Algorithm

Inputs : Image, Message, Key.

1) Intially Sender consider a Cover Image.
2) Hide the Encrypted message in the image.
3) Hidding can be done using a secret key for confidentiality.
4) After Hidding the Image is considered as a Stego-Image. Which consists of image and
data which is encrypted.
5) The Receiver will receive the Stego-Image.
6) Using the Secret Key the receiver can view the data hidden in the image.
7) Thus the receiver can receive the message safely.

ALGORITHM ILLUSTARTION

Encryption :

Inputs : Message, 2 Prime Numbers, Image, Secret Key Step 1 :

Consider an Input , It can be :

a) Text
b) age

c) Audio

d) Video

Step 2 : Convert the input to Base-64 using Base-64 conversion Algorithm.

Step 3 : After converting into Base-64 we will be getting a String.
Step 4 : Store the entire string in a Text File and save the file.
Step 5 : From that file consider each character and apply RSA.
Step 6 : By Using RSA we will be getting Cipher Text (cm).
Step 7 : Let the Cipher Text (cm) be encrypted message.

Step 8 : Consider an image, And hide the encrypted message(cm) in the given image with
the secret key Using Stegnography Algorithm.

Step 9: Now send the Stego-Image to the Receiver.

DECRYPTION :

Inputs : Cipher Text, 2 Prime Numbers, Image, Secret Key Step 1 :

Consider the input be Stego-Image.

Step 2 : Using the Secrert Key , Obtain the hidden message from the Stego- Image.
Step 4 : And the obtained message is a Cipher Text. We must decrypt the message.
Step 5 : The Decyption of the message can be done using RSA Algorithm.
Step 6: By Using RSA we will be getting Plain Text.

Step 7 : And thus the receiver will decrypt the message and it is in the form of Base-64.

Step 8 : Finally by using Base-64 algorithm the Base-64 text is converted into the original
input, Which can be Text, Image, Audio, Video.
 4. DESIGN

Project design is a major step towards a successful project. A project design is a strategic
organization of ideas, materials and processes for the purpose of achieving a goal. Project
managers rely on a good design to avoid pitfalls and provide parameters to maintain
crucial aspects of the project. Project design is an early phase of the project where a
project's key features, structure, criteria for success, and major deliverables are all planned
out. The point is to develop one or more designs which can be used to achieve the desired
project goals. Stakeholders can then choose the best design to use for the actual execution
of the project. The project design phase might generate a variety of different outputs,
including sketches, flowcharts, HTML screen designs, and more.

So, the design can be implemented using Unified Modeling Language. diagrams such as
class diagram, use case diagram, sequence diagram, activity diagrams. UML offers a way
to visualize a system’s architectural blueprints in a diagram, including elements such as :

• Any activites

• Individual components of the system

• How the system will run

• How entities interact with others

• External user interface

UML is a common language for business analysts, software architects and developers used
to describe, specify, design, and document existing or new business processes, structure
and behaviour of artifacts of software systems. The key to making a UML diagram is
connecting shapes that represent an object or class with other shapes to illustrate
relationships and the flow of information and data.
Class Diagram

A class diagram in the Unified Modelling Language is a type of static structure diagram
that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their attributes,
operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects. Class diagram is a static
diagram. It represents the static view of an application. Class diagram is not only used for
visualizing, describing, and documenting different aspects of a system but also for
constructing executable code of the software application. Class diagram describes the
attributes and operations of a class and also the constraints imposed on the system. The
class diagrams are widely used in the modelling of object-oriented systems because they
are the only UML diagrams, which can be mapped directly with object-oriented
languages.

Fig 4.1 Class Diagram

4.2 Use Case Diagram

A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation of a user's interaction with the
system that shows the relationship between the user and the different use cases in which
the user is involved. A use case diagram can identify the different types of users of a
system and the different use cases and will often be accompanied by other types of
diagrams as well. The use cases are represented by either circles or ellipses.

Fig 4.2 Use Case Diagram

4.3 Sequence Diagram

A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts the
objects and classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages exchanged
between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario. Sequence
diagrams are typically associated with use case realizations in the Logical View of the
system under development. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams or
event scenarios.

A sequence diagram shows, as parallel vertical lines, different processes or objects that
live simultaneously and as horizontal arrows, the messages exchanged between them, in
the order in which they occur. This allows the specification of simple runtime scenarios in
a graphical manner.

Fig 4.3 Sequential Diagram

Activity Diagram

Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and

actions with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling
Language, activity diagrams are intended to model both computational and organizational
processes (i.e., workflows) as well as the data flows intersecting with the related activities.
Although activity diagrams primarily show the overall flow of control, they can also
include elements showing the flow of data between activities through one or more data
stores.

Fig 4.4 Activity Diagram

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Software Requirements:

The software configurations used are

Operating System: Windows 10

Programming Language : Python

Audio file format: m4a (any file format is accepted)

Hardware Requirements:

Processor: INTEL

RAM: Minimum of 256 MB or higher

HDD: 10GB or higher

Monitor: 15” or 17” color monitor

Keyboard: Standard 110 keys keyboard.

5.2 SAMPLE CODE

from tkinter import *
import pybase64
from tkinter import messagebox

root = Tk()
root.title('Codemy.com - Encrypt/Decrpt Base64')
root.iconbitmap('c:/gui/codemy.ico')
root.geometry("500x400")

def clear():
    #Clear boxes
    my_text.delete(1.0, END)
    my_entry.delete(0, END)

def encrypt():
    # Get text from text box
    secret = my_text.get(1.0, END)
    # Clear the text box
    my_text.delete(1.0, END)

    # Logic for password

    if my_entry.get() == "elder":
        # Convert to byte
        secret = secret.encode("ascii")
        # Convert to base64
        secret = pybase64.b64encode(secret)
        # Convert it back to ascii
        secret = secret.decode("ascii")
        # Print to text box
        my_text.insert(END, secret)

    else:
        # Flash a message if wrong password

        messagebox.showwarning("Incorrect!", "Incorrect
Password, Try Again!")
def decrypt():
    # Get text from text box
    secret = my_text.get(1.0, END)
    # Clear the screen
    my_text.delete(1.0, END)
   
    # Logic for password
    if my_entry.get() == "elder":
        # Convert to byte
        secret = secret.encode("ascii")
        # Convert to base64
        secret = pybase64.b64decode(secret)
        # Convert it back to ascii
        secret = secret.decode("ascii")
        # Print to text box
        my_text.insert(END, secret)

    else:
        # Flash a message if wrong password
        messagebox.showwarning("Incorrect!", "Incorrect
Password, Try Again!")

my_frame = Frame(root)
my_frame.pack(pady=20)

enc_button = Button(my_frame, text="Encrypt",

font=("Helvetica", 18), command=encrypt)
enc_button.grid(row=0, column=0)

dec_button = Button(my_frame, text="Decrypt",

font=("Helvetica", 18), command=decrypt)
dec_button.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20)
clear_button = Button(my_frame, text="Clear",
font=("Helvetica", 18), command=clear)
clear_button.grid(row=0, column=2)

enc_label = Label(root, text="Encrypt/Decrypt Text...",

font=("Helvetica", 14))
enc_label.pack()

my_text = Text(root, width=57, height=10)

my_text.pack(pady=10)

password_label = Label(root, text="Enter Your

Password...", font=("Helvetica", 14))
password_label.pack()

my_entry = Entry(root, font=("Helvetica", 18), width=35,

show="*")
my_entry.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()
SCREENSHORTS
Second Part of code
# python module to create GU

from tkinter import messagebox, simpledialog, Tk

def is_even(number):
    return number % 2 == 0

def get_even_letters(message):
    even_letters = []
    for counter in range(0, len(message)):
        if is_even(counter):
            even_letters.append(message[counter])
    return even_letters

def get_odd_letters(message):
    odd_letters = []
    for counter in range(0, len(message)):
        if not is_even(counter):
            odd_letters.append(message[counter])
    return odd_letters

def swap_letters(message):
    letter_list = []
    if not is_even(len(message)):
        message = message + 'x'
    even_letters = get_even_letters(message)
    odd_letters = get_odd_letters(message)
    for counter in range(0, int(len(message)/2)):
        letter_list.append(odd_letters[counter])
        letter_list.append(even_letters[counter])
    new_message = ''.join(letter_list)
    return new_message

def get_task():
    task = simpledialog.askstring('Task', 'Do you want
to encrypt or decrypt?')
    return task
def get_message():
    message = simpledialog.askstring('Message', 'Enter
the secret message: ')
    return message

root = Tk()
while True:
    task = get_task()
    if task == 'encrypt':
        message = get_message()
        encrypted = swap_letters(message)
        messagebox.showinfo('Ciphertext of the secret
message is:', encrypted)
       
    elif task == 'decrypt':
        message = get_message()
        decrypted = swap_letters(message)
        messagebox.showinfo('Plaintext of the secret
message is:', decrypted)
    else:
        break
SCREENSHORTS

Text for encryption

 RESULT OF ENCRYPTION

PLAIN Text is converted into cipherText

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

In this project, we deal with the concepts of security of digital data

communication across the network. This project is designed for combining the
steganography and cryptography features factors for better performance. We
performed a new steganography method and combined it with algorithm. The
data is hidden in the image so there will be no chances for the attacker to know
that data is being hidden in the image. We performed our method on image by
implementing a program written in Python language. The method proposed has
proved successful in hiding various types of text, images, audio and videos in
color images. We concluded that in our method the Image files and RSA are
better. Because of their high capacity.

This work presents a scheme that can transmit large quantities of secret
information and provides secure communication between two private parties.
Both steganography and cryptography can be woven in this scheme to make the
detection more complicated. Any kind of text data can be employed as secret
msg. The secret message employing the concept of steganography is sent over
the network. In addition, the proposed procedure is simple and easy to
implement.

The Embedding of data is done such as Audio, Video, Image is done in the
image, by choosing a distinct and new image, we can prevent the chance for the
attacker to detect the data being hidden. Results achieved indicate that our
proposed method is encouraging in terms of security, and robustness.
 7. REFERENCES

[1] D. Seth, L. Ramanathan, and A. Pandey, “Security enhancement:

Combining cryptography and steganography,” International Journal of Computer
Applications (0975–8887) Volume, 2010.

[2] H. Abdulzahra, R. AHMAD, and N. M. NOOR, “Combining

cryptography and steganography for data hiding in images,” ACACOS,
Applied Computational Science, pp. 978–960, 2014.

[3] J. V. Karthik and B. V. Reddy, “Authentication of secret information

in image stenography,” International Journal of Computer Science

[4] R Praveen Kumar, V Hemanth, MShareef, Securing Information Using

Sterganoraphy, 2013 International Conference on Circuits, Power and
Computing Technologies.