Data Center College of the Philippines of Laoag City

Instructor: Mariah Denisse G. Soriano Subject: Purposive Communication

Time Allotted: One week Term/SY: Second Semester/SY 2019-2020

Chapter II: Communication for Various Preparations

Module for Midterms

Objectives:

At the end of this chapter, you must be able to:

a) determine the planning phases, methods, and procedures in academic

presentations,
b) identify the fundamentals on how to create multimedia presentations,
c) differentiate informative, persuasive, and argumentative communication,
d) define and learn about the different types of public speaking,
e) answer all the questions under the activity section, and
f) create and submit a five-slide multimedia presentation about any past lesson under
the Purposive Communication subject, using any application or software for creating
slides.

Topics:

Lesson 1: Academic Presentations

Lesson 2: Preparing Multimedia Presentation
Lesson 3: Informative, Persuasive, and Argumentative Presentation
Lesson 4: Public Speaking

Lesson 1: Academic Presentations

An academic presentation is communicating one’s knowledge to an audience. Such

communication is recognized through demonstrating their ongoing engagement or non-engagement
during the presentation by way of seeing the interactions ongoing and understanding the structure of
the emerging talk in order to understand the manner a speaker delivers his talk.

The Three P’s of an Academic Presentation

A. Plan

Planning is fundamental in all activities. Before preparing for your presentation,

set first your objective then evaluate your audience and context.

 Setting your Objective

What is your purpose in delivering an academic presentation? What

should the audience be able to learn or be able to do after your presentation?

Setting a clear objective will give a clear direction of what you will present
and how you will present.
  Evaluating your Audience

Knowing the profile of your audience will also influence the format,
content, and style of your presentation. Other than age, gender, and educational
attainment, you also need to consider religious and political beliefs, attitude, and
preferences of the audience.

 Evaluating the Context

Evaluating the context entails looking at the environmental conditions or

setting of academic presentation. The time when you will be delivering your
presentation, the weather, and venue can affect your style of delivery and kind of
visuals.

B. Prepare

Now that you have set your objectives and evaluated your audience and the
context, it is time to prepare the content and visuals for your presentation and yourself
as a presenter. An adage goes, failing to prepare is preparing to fail.

 Prepare the Content

Similar to writing academic papers, the content of presentation includes

introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction

At the onset, establish a positive impression. Note that the introduction should
not be lengthy. It should be enough to win the attention of your audience and to
introduce the topic of your presentation.

Body

The body is the meat of your presentation. Before, during, and after scribbling the
body of your presentation, refer back to the objective of your presentation. What part of
the body you need to amplify? Which need to be abridged?

Conclusion

The conclusion is the last part of your presentation; hence, it should leave a
positive mark on your presentation. A weak conclusion can affect negatively your
presentation.

Review the content of your presentation. Will the content address the objective
that you have set? Check on areas which may not be clear or which may need more
examples. Revise the content as needed.
 After reviewing, prepare for possible questions that the audience may ask.

 Prepare the Visuals

Remember that you use visual aids to help you achieve your goal. They are to
enhance and not to distract the presentation; hence, it is very important that you choose
and appropriate material. Does your presentation need to be very textual? Do you need
handouts, figures, charts, or graphs?

The point to consider in preparing slides for multimedia presentation include:

 Font size and type

 Color
 Background
 Animation or transition
 Images
 Time allotment for each slide or part of presentation

 Prepare Yourself

One of the most forgotten aspects of presentation is preparing self as a

presenter. Do not forget that it is equally important to prepare yourself physically,
psychologically, and emotionally.

 To avoid being racked by the intensity of shaking knees, practice your

presentation with your visuals. Familiarize yourself with the content and
transitions of your presentation.

 Remember to stay in one area to avoid crossing over the projected visual. Also
note that your projected visual is not your background. Practice how to work with
your visual and communicate its content to your audience.

 When you commit mistakes in delivering your lines during practice, do not go
back to the first part of presentation. Learn to recover from your lapse by
delivering ad lib.

 You may use video or audio recorder of your phone to record your practice then
evaluate your presentation. Do you have mannerisms to minimize? Are your
words clear enough to be understood? Were you able to deliver your
presentation within the required span of time? Practice as many times and record
all your practice sessions to check on your improvements.

C. Present

While you might have prepared well for the presentation, inevitable
circumstances such as reactions of your audience may not permit you to finish your
delivery on time. Keep track of your time but do not be rattled by the motion of the time
keeper. You may skim your visuals and highlight only the parts that need be focused.
 Do not forget to answer the questions of your audience honestly and courteously
then extend your sincere gratitude to them.

Lesson 2: Preparing Multimedia Presentation

In today’s digital society, communication is meditated using technology. For communication to

be more effective, it is impressive to know how technology works, what purposes it can serve and
how it can be used efficiently and effectively to achieve specific goals in the communication process.

In preparing multimedia presentation for various communication purposes, it is important to

consider the following:

A. Characteristics of Multimedia Presentations

1. Multimedia presentations are visually oriented.

2. They allow users to different modalities such as:

 Text
 Graphics
 Photographs
 Audio
 Animation
 Video

Special features of computer-based presentation:

 Custom navigation (linking) between slides, to other media andto the Internet
 Can be made into hard copy printouts or transparencies
 Can be uploaded to the Web

B. Steps in Making Effective Multimedia Presentations

1. Know the purpose of the presentation.

2. Know the audience.
3. Gather information.
4. Use variety of resources such as:

 Textbooks
 Digital resources (photographs, scanned images, student work)
 Internet

5. Do not forget to site sources.

 Write the author’s name, title of the work, and date of publication.
 Include the website or Web address of the source.
  In general, non-profit educational use of online materials for a lecture qualifies as
“fair use” but it is better to ask the author’s permission to use such materials.
 Always have full biographic references for all citations.

6. Organize the information.

 List the main points

 Have only the main idea per slide
 Present the ideas in a logical order
 Place important information near the top

7. Check technical issues.

 Contrast
o Dark text on light background
o White text on dark background

 Use only one design and color scheme throughout the slide presentation
 Avoid clutter
 Avoid patterned or textured backgrounds
 Use large font size (minimum of 18 points)
 Use fonts that are easy to read. Don’t use fancy fonts.
 Don’t use more than two types of fonts.
 Avoid too much text. Don’t use the presentation as your notes.
 Use no more than 3 or 4 bullets per slide.

8. Be creative.
 Use transitions and animations to add interest
 Don’t overdo it
Example of a good multimedia presentation:
Lesson 3: Informative, Persuasive, and Argumentative Communication

A. Informative Communication

It involves giving than asking. As an informative communicator, you want your receivers
to pay attention and understand, but not to change their behavior. By sharing information,
ignorance is reduced, or better yet, eliminated. The informative value of a message is
measured by how novel and relevant the information is or the kind of understanding it provides
the receivers.

Osborn (2009) purports that informative communication arises out of three deep
impulses:
a. We seek to expand our awareness of the world around us.
b. We seek to become more competent.
c. We have an abiding curiosity about how things work and how they are made.
When preparing for an informative exchange, ask yourself the following questions:
1. Is my topic noteworthy to be considered informative?
2. What do my recipients already know about my topic?
3. What more do they have to know?
4. Am I knowledgeable enough for my topic to help my receivers understand it?

Examples: reports, lectures, demonstrations, etc.

B. Persuasive Communication

It is an art of gaining fair and favorable considerations for our point of view. It:
a. Provides a choice among options
b. Advocates something through a speaker
c. Uses supporting material to justify advice
d. Turns the audience into agents of change
e. Asks for strong audience commitment
f. Gives importance to the speaker’s credibility
g. Appeals to feelings
h. Has higher ethical obligation

Examples: encouraging students to join various clubs, convincing your parents to let you come
home at 10 pm instead of 9 pm, etc.

C. Argumentative Communication

It relies heavily in sound proof and reasoning. The nature of proof has been studied
since the Golden Age of Greece and has been improved through time.
According to Aristotle, logos, ethos and pathos are three primary forms of proof. In our
time, whoever, many scholars have confirmed the presence of a fourth dimension of proof,
 mythos, which suggests that we respond to appeals to the traditions and values of our culture
and to the legends and folktales that embody them.

Lucas (2007) claims that to avoid defective argumentation, the following must be
avoided:

1. Defective Evidence
 Misuse of facts
 Statistical fallacies
 Defective testimony
 Inappropriate evidence
2. Defective Patterns of Reasoning
 Evidential fallacies
o Slippery slope
o Confusing facts with opinions
o Red herring
o Myth of the mean
 Flawed proofs
 Defective arguments

Examples: debates, you and your friend fighting about where you should eat your lunch,
arguing with your classmate whether a news is fake or legitimate, etc.

Lesson 4: Public Speaking

Public Speaking

It is a process of speaking in a structured deliberate manner to inform, influence or entertain an

audience.

Speech

It is the term used to refer to the body of spoken expressions of information and ideas. A
speech may be delivered in any of the following modes: read from a manuscript, memorized and
delivered extemporaneous or impromptu. The choice of mode of speech delivery is determined by
factors such as length of preparation, complexity of message, purpose, and occasion.

Reading from a Manuscript

Is appropriate when the speech is long and when details are complicated and essential such
as that they need to be given completely.

Reading is also appropriate when one is asked to deliver a prepared speech on behalf of
another speaker.
 Reading may pose the least challenge in public speaking but the speaker may be tricked into
thinking that no preparation is needed. When a message is delivered through reading, the force
naturalness, and eye contact may be diminished because the eyes have to travel from page to the
audience and vice versa.

Memorized Speech

Requires a speaker to commit everything to memory. This method is excellent for short
messages although it is also used for long pieces in oratorical, declamation, and other literary
contests. Just like a read speech, memorized speech also poses challenge in naturalness. The worst
experience one could have in delivering a memorized speech is to forget the lines and fail to shift
smoothly to another mode of delivery.

Extemporaneous Speaking

May have a short or long preparation. The speaker may use an outline to guide him through
his speech to achieve better organization and to avoid leaving out details.

But unlike reading, extemporaneous speaking necessitates speaker to formulate his sentences
while he is speaking. Extemporaneous is a method that most lecturers and teachers use. A good
extemporaneous speaker must be spontaneous.

Impromptu

Means speaking at the spur of the moment. Since there is a very minimal or no time for
preparation given for impromptu, the content and organization may suffer. Impromptu may not deliver
the best thought in the best way but it brings out the most natural thing to say at the moment.
Rubric for a Read Speech

Criteria 8-10 5-7 4-3 1-2

Maintained Maintained Inconsistent Avoided eye

eye contact eye contact eye contact; contact with
with the most of the somewhat the audience;
audience time, engaged engaged disengaged
Eye throughout the audience audience audience
contact/connection speech, most of the
engaged time
audience
throughout the
speech
Fully Developed Some Vague sense
developed topic/idea with understanding of the topic or
topic/idea with unified of the topic with idea
Content unified supporting few supporting
substantial details details
supporting
details
Excellent Good Understandabl Inaccurate
command of command of e language yet words and
the language, the language, lacks accuracy marked with
uses varied somewhat and with some grammar
and accurate accurate with grammar errors errors that
Language use words to few grammar affect the
express ideas errors message
and uses
grammatically
correct
expressions
Very clear and Clear and Somewhat Monotonous
appropriately varied voice clear and and lacks
Vocal clarity and
varied voice varied voice vocal clarity
dynamics
(Copy, paste and answer this part)
ACTIVITIES

Name: __________________________________________________________________________

Activity 1

Direction: Answer the following questions for five points each.

1. Have you ever experienced presenting in front of an audience? What are your experiences as
a speaker?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What did you do to make your presentation effective?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Are there difficulties you have encountered during your presentation? If there are, how did you
manage them?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2
Using your own words and based on your own understanding, make a generalization regarding
the THREE P’s of an academic presentation. (10 pts.)

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 ACTIVITY 3
Write three more examples or scenarios under each type of communication.
Informative Communication
1.
2.
3.
Persuasive Communication
1.
2.
3.
Argumentative Communication
1.
2.
3.
ACTIVITY 4
Direction: Answer the following questions for three points each.
1. What do you think is the importance of public speaking?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Among the types of public speaking, which for you is the hardest? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. Among the types of public speaking, which for you is the easiest and why? Justify your
answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Do you see yourself speaking in front of a public? Why yes or why not?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. What do you think is a good topic for public speaking? Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 MIDTERM PROJECT and MIDTERM EXAM

Instructions for your MIDTERM PROJECT and MIDTERM EXAM:

 Using Microsoft Powerpoint, or any application/software used for making presentations, create
a five-slide presentation (5 slides only, no more, no less) applying the characteristics of
multimedia presentations.
 Choose any topic from our previous lessons under prelims of any topics from this chapter,
except for the topic I have already provided.

Instructions for the submission of outputs:

 For the activity, follow this format for the file name:
LAST NAME/FIRST NAME_MIDTERM ACTIVITY
Example: SORIANO/MARIAH_MIDTERM ACTIVITY

 For the midterm project and midterm exam, follow this format for the file name:
LAST NAME/FIRST NAME_MIDTERM OUTPUT
Example: SORIANO/MARIAH_MIDTERM OUTPUT

Send your activities and outputs separately via email (or any emailing app you have).
Gmail address: [email protected]

Deadline: MAY 20, 2020 (Wednesday next week) until 11:59 pm ONLY.
If you can submit earlier, better. Please take note of the deadline.