A VOCATIONAL TRAINING

ON

“AUTOCAD 2D ”

A Training Report Submitted to

CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANANDA TECHNICAL

UNIVERSITY, BHILAI (C.G.), INDIA

For the partial fulfillment of the award of degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In

CIVIL ENGINEERIG

By

HITESH KUMAR NAVIK

Under the Training of

DR. ASHISH PATEL
Training In-Charge
PROF.DEEPMALA PANDEY

DEPARTMENT CIVIL ENGINEERING

BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAIPUR

Village – Kendri, Near Abhanpur, Atal Nagar, Raipur – 493661 (C.G.) India

BATCH 2018 - 20222

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 DECLARATION

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the Vocational Training report on

“AUTOCAD 2D” is based on my training work carried out during my vocational
duration under the supervision of DR. ASHISH PATEL from CENTER FOR SKILL
DEVELOPMENT AND INFORMAL EDUCATION(CSDIE).

I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome
of the Vocational Training/Internship. I further declare that to the best of my
knowledge and belief that this report does not contain any relevant work which
has been submitted earlier.

Signature :
Student’s Name : Mr. HITESH KUMAR NAVIK
Roll No. : 309302018034
Enrollment No. : BF9410

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report of my vocational training on “AUTOCAD

2D” is the work carried out by Mr. HITESH KUMAR NAVIK studying in 6
semester in CIVIL ENGINEERING branch affiliated to Chhattisgarh Swami
Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.), India under the guidance and
supervision of DR.ASHISH PATEL.

To the best of my knowledge and belief the report

 Embodies the work of the candidate himself/herself.
 Has duly been completed.
 Fulfills the requirement of the ordinance relating to vocational
training/internship w.r.t. the university curriculum.

For being referred to the examiners.

Signature Signature
HOD (civil engineering ) T&P In-Charge (civil engineering)
PROF.VAIBHAV DESHPANDEY PROF. DEEPMALA PANDEY

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 PREFACE

CAD/CAM is a term which means Computer Aided Design & Computer Aided
Manufacturing.

It is the technology concerned with the use of digital computers to perform certain
functions in design and production.

Electronics brains in the form of microprocessors are parts of cars we drive, the
planes in which we fly, the televisions we watch and the automated tools we use to
produce such products.

The Computer Aided Design or CAD systems are used to design such products. The
CAD hardware typically includes computer, one or more graphics display terminals,
keywords and other peripheral equipment.

The CAD software consists of the computer programs to facilitate the engineering
functions of the user company.

Examples of these application programs include stress-strain analysis of components,

dynamics response of mechanisms, heat transfer calculations and customers markers
are different.

These factors give rise to differences in CAD systems requirements. Ultimately

CAD/CAM will provide the technology base for the computer-integrated factory of
the future.

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CONTENTS

1. Introduction to AutoCAD
2. GUI of AutoCAD
3. Commands in AutoCAD
4. Layers
5. Viewports
6. Exercises
7. Sample – 1
8. Sample – 2
9. Sample – 3
10.Sample – 4
11.Sample – 5
12. 3D in AutoCAD
13.3D commands
14. 3D Exercises
15.Sample – 1
16. Sample – 2

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17. AutoCAD

AutoCAD, developed by Autodesk Inc., is the most popular PC – CAD system

available in the market. This design package is a general purpose computer aided
design and drafting application for your computer.

The speed and ease with which a drawing can be prepared and modified using a
computer offer a phenomenal advantage over hand preparation.

Here I’m going to mention a few of the applications for which AutoCAD is being
used today:-

 Architectural drawings of all kinds.

 Interior designs on facility planning.
 Drawings for Electronics, Chemical, Civil, Mechanical, Automotives and
Aerospace engineering applications.
 Theatre set lighting designs.
 Line drawing for the Fine Arts, Textiles, Fashion and Dress designing.
Some other CAD packages developed by the same company are:-
 Auto Shade
 Auto Flix
 Auto Ketch
 Animator
 3D Studio

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 AUTOCAD SCREEN

Various components of the initial AutoCAD screen are drawing area, command
window, menu bar, several toolbars, model and layouts, and the status bar (Fig. 1). A
title bar that has AutoCAD symbol and the current drawing name is displayed on top
of the screen.

FIGURE1: AUTOCAD SCREEN

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 SCREEN COMPONENTS

Drawing Area

The drawing area covers the major portion of the screen. Here we can draw the
objects and use the commands. To draw the objects, we need to define the
coordinate points, which can be selected by using our pointing device

FIGURE2: DRAWING AREA

Command window

The command window at the bottom of the drawing area has the command prompt where
we can enter the commands. It also displays the subsequent prompt sequences and the
messages. We can change the size of the window by placing the cursor on the top edge and
then dragging it

FIGURE3: COMMAND AREA

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Application Status Bar

The Status Bar is displayed at the bottom of the screen (Fig. 3). It contains some useful
information and buttons that will make it easy to 8 | P a g e change the status of some
AutoCAD functions. We can toggle between on and off states of most of these functions by
choosing them.

FIGURE4:APPLICATION STATUS BAR

Coordinates

The coordinates information is displayed on the left corner of the Status Bar. We can select
this coordinate button to toggle between on and off states. If the COORDS system variable
controls the type of display of coordinates

Snap Mode

The snap mode allows you to move the cursor in fixed increments. If snap mode is on, the
Snap Mode button is chosen in the Status Bar; otherwise it is not displayed.

Grid Display

The grid lines are used as a reference lines to draw objects in AutoCAD. If the Grid Display
button is chosen, the grid lines are displayed on the screen.

Ortho Mode

If the Ortho Mode button is chosen in the Status Bar, we can draw lines at right angles only.

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Polar Tracking

If we turn the polar tracking on, the movement of cursor is restricted along a path based on set
as the polar angle settings. Choosing the Polar Tracking button in the Status Bar turns it on.
Remember that turning the polar tracking on, automatically turns off the ortho mode.

Object Snap

When the Object Snap button is chosen in the Status Bar, we can use the running object snaps
to snap a point.

Allow/Disallow Dynamic UCS

Choosing the button allows or disallows the use of dynamic UCS. Allowing the dynamic
UCS ensures that the XY plane of the UCS got dynamically aligned with the selected face of
the model.

Dynamic Input

user The Dynamic input button is used to turn the Dynamic Input on or off. Turning it on
facilitates the heads-up design approach because all commands, prompts and the dimensional
inputs will now be displayed in the drawing area and we do not need to look at the command
prompt all the time. This saves the design time and also increases the efficiency of the.

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Show/Hide Lineweight

Choosing this button in the Status Bar allows you to turn on or off the display of lineweights
in the drawing.

Model

The Model button is chosen by default because you are working in the model space to create
drawings.

Annotation Scale

The annotation scale controls the size and display of the annotative objects in the model
space. The Annotation Scale button has a drop-down list that displays all the annotation
scales available for the current drawing.

Annotation Visibility

This button is used to control the visibility of the annotative objects that do not support the
current annotation scale in drawing area.

Automatically Add Scale

This button, if chosen, automatically adds all the annotation scales that are set current to all
the annotative objects present in the drawing.

Quick Properties

If you select a sketched entity when this button is chosen in the Status Bar, the properties of
selected entity will be displayed in a panel.

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COMMANDS

LINE

Line command is used to draw a continuing series of line segments, but each line segment is a
separate object. We can invoke the LINE command from the Draw toolbar, as shown in fig. 4
We can also invoke the LINE command by entering LINE or L at the command prompt.
Once you have invoked the LINE command, the next prompt, the Specify first point,
requires us to specify the starting point. After first point is selected,
AutoCAD will prompt you to enter the second point at the Specify next point prompt. At this
point we may continue to select points or terminate the LINE command by pressing ENTER,
ESC, or the SPACEBAR. The prompt sequence of invoking LINE command is as follows:

Command: LINE > Enter

Specify first point: Move the cursor (mouse) and left click to specify the first point.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Move the cursor and left click to specify the second point.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Specify the third point.

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Enter.

(Press ENTER to exit LINE command.)

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XLINE
The XLINE command can be used to draw construction or projection lines. These lines are
the lines that aid in construction or projection and are drawn very lightly, when manually
drafting. An xline (construction line) is a 3D line that extends to infinity at both ends. As the
line is infinite in length, it does not have any end points. The prompt sequence of invoking the
XLINE command is as follows:

Command: XLINE > Enter

Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bsect/Offset]: Specify an option or select a point through

which the xline will pass.

PLINE
The PLINE command is used to draw a polyline. A polyline is a line that has different
features. The term POLYLINE can be broken into two parts: POLY and LINE. POLY means
“many”. This signifies that a poly line can have many lines. Some features of polylines are
listed next.

Polylines can be thick lines with a desired width. They are very flexible and can be used to
draw any shape, such as a filled circle or a doughnut.

Polylines can be used to draw objects in any line type.

Advanced editing commands can be used to edit them (for example, the PEDIT command).

The command prompt for invoking the PLINE command is as follows:

Command: PLINE < Enter

Specify start point: Specify the starting point or enter its coordinates.

Current line width is nn.nnn

Current line width is nn.nnn is displayed automatically, which indicates the width of the
polyline drawn. If we need a different width, invoke the Width option at the next prompt and
set it. Next the following prompt is displayed.

Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or enter an

option.

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POLYGON

A regular polygon is a closed geometric figure with equal sides. The number of side varies
from 3 to 1024. For example, a triangle is a three sided polygon and a pentagon is a five sided
polygon. In AutoCAD, the POLYGON command is used to draw regular 2D polygons. A
polygon is said to be inscribed when it is drawn inside an imaginary circle and its vertices
touch the circle. Likewise, a polygon is circumscribed when it is drawn outside imaginary
circle and sides of polygon are tangent to circle. We can easily choose one option from these
two available options during the invoking process. The prompt sequence of invoking
POLYGON command is given next.

Command: POLYGON < Enter

Enter number of sides <4>: Enter a value between 3 and 1024.

Specify center of polygon: Specify the center point or enter its coordinates.

Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]: Enter I or C.

Specify radius of circle: Specify the radius of circle, which will inscribe or circumscribe the
polygon.

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RECTANG

The RECTANG command is used to draw rectangles in AutoCAD. We can draw rectangles
by specifying two opposite corners of the rectangle, by specifying the area and the size of one
of the sides, or by specifying the dimensions of rectangles.
The prompt sequence of invoking RECTANG command is as follows:

Command: RECTANG < Enter

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Specify first corner

point or enter its coordinates.

Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: Specify opposite corner point or

enter its coordinates.

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ARC

An arc is defined as a part of a circle. In AutoCAD, it can be drawn using the ARC
command. AutoCAD provides eleven different options to draw an arc. To view these options,
click on Draw option in the Menu Bar, a flyout option will appear as shown in fig. 5

Figure 5:Options in Menu Bar for Creating an Arc

The default setting is for creating a three point arc. The command prompt for invoking ARC
command is as follows:

Command: ARC < Enter

Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Specify first point of arc or enter its coordinates.

Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Specify the through point for arc or enter its
coordinates.

Specify the end point of arc: Specify the end point or enter its coordinates

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CIRCLE

The CIRCLE command is used to draw circles. AutoCAD provides six different options
to draw a circle. To view and choose from the available options, click on
Draw option in the Menu Bar, a flyout will appear as shown in fig. 6
The default setting is for creating a circle with Center and Radius option. The other options
can be invoked by entering the appropriate letter in the command window or by the method
stated earlier. The prompt sequence for invoking CIRCLE command is stated next.

Command: CIRCLE < Enter

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Specify center point or enter its
coordinates.

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Enter the required value of radius

Figure 6: Options in Menu Bar for creating a Circle

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ELLIPSE
If a circle is observed from an angle, the shape is called an ellipse, which can be created in
AutoCAD using the ELLIPSE command. An ellipse can be created by two different options
and these options are grouped together in the Draw option of the Menu Bar as shown in fig.7

Figure 7: Options in Menu Bar for creating an Ellipse

The default setting is for creating an ellipse with Axis and End point option. The Other
options can be invoked by entering the appropriate letter in the command window or by
method stated above. The prompt sequence for invoking ELLIPSE command is stated next.

Command: ELLIPSE < Enter

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Enter coordinates of axis end point or
choose an option.

Specify other endpoint of axis: Specify other end point or enter its coordinates.

Specify distance to the other axis or [rotation]: Specify the half length of second axis

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ERASE

After drawing some objects, you may need to erase some of them from the screen. To erase,
we can use ERASE command in AutoCAD. This command is used exactly the same way as
an eraser is used in manual drafting to delete unwanted information. We can invoke ERASE
command from the Modify toolbar

Figure 8 : Modify Toolbar

When we invoke the ERASE command, a small box, known as pick box, replaces the screen
cursor. To erase an object, move the pick box so that it touches the object. Select the object.
AutoCAD confirms the selection by changing the selected objects into dashed lines and the
select objects prompt returns again. We can continue selecting objects or press ENTER to
terminate object selection and erase the selected objects. The prompt sequence is given next.

Command: ERASE < Enter

Select objects: Select first object.

Select objects: Select second object.

Select objects: Enter

COPY

The COPY command is used to copy an existing object. This command makes copies of the
selected objects and places them at specified locations, but the orignals are left intact. In this
command we need to select the objects and specify the base point. Next we need to specify
the second point, this point is where we want the copied objects to be placed. The prompt
sequence that is followed when you invoke COPY command is given next. Command: COPY
< Enter

Select objects: Select objects to copy.

Select objects: Enter

Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>: Specify base point.

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Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Specify a new position on the
screen using pointing device or entering coordinates.

Specify second point or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Enter

MIRROR

The MIRROR command creates a mirror copy of the selected objects. The objects can be
mirrored at any angle. This command is helpful in drawing symmetrical figures. This
command is available in Modify toolbar but it can be invoked by using command window as
well. When we invoke this command, AutoCAD prompts us to select the objects and then the
mirror line.

After we select the objects to be mirrored, AutoCAD prompts you to enter the first point
of mirror line and the second point of mirror line. A mirror line is an imaginary line about
which objects are reflected. We can specify the end point of mirror line by specifying points
on screen or by entering their coordinates. The mirror line can be selected at any angle. The
prompt sequence of invoking MIRROR command is given next.

Command: MIRROR < Enter

Select objects: Select objects to be mirrored.

Select objects: Enter

Specify first point of mirror line: Specify the first endpoint.

Specify second point of mirror line: Specify the second endpoint.

Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Enter Y for deletion, N for retaining the objects.

OFFSET

To draw parallel lines, concentric circles, arcs, curves, and so on, we can use the OFFSET
command. This command creates another object that is similar to the selected one. Remember
that we are allowed to select only one entity at a time to be offset. While offsetting an object,
we can specify the offset distance and the side to offset, or we can specify a distance through
which you want to offset the selected object. The prompt sequence which follows when we
invoke OFFSET command using command window is given next.

Command: OFFSET < Enter

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <Through>: Specify the offset distance.

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{

Through Option
Using this option we do not need to specify a distance; we simply specify an offset point and
the distance between them is stored as offset distance.

Erase Option
The Erase option is used to specify whether the source object has to be deleted or not.

Layer Option
Use the Layer option to specify whether the offset entity will be placed in the current layer or
the layer of source object.

Specify the object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify the object to offset.

Specify point on side to offset or <Exit/Multiple/Undo>: Specify a point on side to offset.

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Select another object to offset or press Enter.

ARRAY

An array is defined as the method of creating multiple copies of the selected object and
arranging them in a rectangular or circular fashion. In some drawings, we may need to specify
an object multiple times in a rectangular or circular arrangement. For example, suppose you
have to draw six chairs around a table. This job can be accomplished by drawing each chair
seperately or by using the COPY command tomake multiple copies of the chair. But it is a
very tedious process and also the alignment of the chairs will have to be adjusted. Using
ARRAY command, all we need to do is create just one chair and the remaining five will be
created and automatically arranged around the table by the ARRAY command. This method
is more efficient and less time-consuming. ARRAY command can be invoked by different
methods such as from Modify toolbar, or by making use of the Command Window, or from
the Modify option of Menu Bar.

RECTANGULAR ARRAY

A rectangular array is formed by making copies of the selected object along the X and Y
directions of an imaginary rectangle (along rows and columns). It can be created by selecting
the Rectangular Array button in the array dialog box (fig. 9) that appears on invoking
ARRAY comand.

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Figure 9: Rectangular Array option

ROWS

This edit box is used to specify the number of rows in rectangular array.

COLUMNS

This edit box is used to specify the number of columns in the rectangular array.

Offset distance and direction Area

The options under this area are used to define the distance between the rows and the columns
and the angle of array.

Row Offset. This edit box is used to specify the distance between the rows. We can either
enter the distance value in this edit box or choose the Pick Row Offset button to define the
row offset distance by specifying two points on screen.

Column Offset. This edit box is used to specify the distance between the columns. We can
either enter the distance value in this edit box or choose the Pick Column Offset button to
define the column offset distance by specifying two points on screen.

Angle of Arrray. This edit box is used to define the angle of array. This is the value by
which the rows and columns will be rotated.

POLAR ARRAY
A polar array is an arrangement of the objects around a point in a circular fashion. This kind
of array is created by selecting the Polar Array button in the Array dialog box (fig. 10) that
appears on invoking ARRAY command.

MOVE

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Sometimes the objects are not located where they should actually be. In these situations, we
can use the MOVE command. This command allows you to move one or more objects from
their current location to a new location. This change of location of the objects does not
change their size or orientation. On invoking this command we are prompted to select objects
to be moved and the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the object
will be picked and moved.

ROTATE
Sometimes we requires an object or any sketch in angular position.the. In these situations, we
can use the ROTATE command. This command allows you to rotate one or more objects
from their current location to a specific angle. This change of of the objects does not change
their size. On invoking this command we are prompted to select objects to be rotated and the
base point. This base point is the reference point with which the object will be rotated.

SCALE

With the use of this command, we can increase or decrease the size of any object or a sketch.
Sometimes we requires an object in numbers, only with the difference of sizes. So in this
situation, we can use the SCALE command. This command allows you to scale one or more
objects from the selected base point. On invoking this command we are prompted to select
objects to be scaled and the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the
object will be scaled.

STRETCH

With the use of this command, we can increase or decrease the size of some selected part of
any object in a specific direction. In this command, the sketch is stretched as much we
required. Sometimes we requires an object in numbers, only with the difference of sizes some
part of the sketched object. So in this situation, we can use the STRETCH command. This
command allows you to stretch the objects from the selected base point. On invoking this
command we are prompted to select the portion to be scaled with the help of green window
and the base point.
This base point is the reference point with which the object will be stretched.

TRIM

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With the use of this command, we can remove the line or any sketched entity. In this
command, the sketch is trimmed as much we required. It removes the extra drawn line or
sketch as per our specific requirement. This command allows you to trim the objects from the
selected side. On invoking this command, we have to right click in the drawing area and we
are prompted to left click on the portion to be trimmed.

EXTEND

With the use of this command, we can increase the line the line upto the specific point or
location. In this command, the sketch is extended as much we required. It removes the extra
drawn line or sketch as per our specific requirement. On invoking this command, we have to
right click in the drawing area and we are prompted to left click on the portion to be extend.

BREAK AT A POINT

With the use of this command, we can break the line at a point where we required. In this
command, the sketch is broken from that point where we required. We can create the number
of break points as much we required. On invoking this command, we have to select the line
and after that click on that point from where we want to break the selected line, after using
this command the line or any selected entity will be converted into numbers.

BREAK

With the use of this command, we can break the line with a specific distance or upto a
specific point as much we required. On invoking this command, we have to select the point
on the line and after that click on that point upto where we want to break the line. After using
this command on the line or any selected entity, there will be space between the slelected
points in the line or entity.

JOIN

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With the use of this command, we can join the line drawn or placed in the same plane. On
invoking this command, we have to select the first line and after that second line placed at the
same plane and then right click. After using this command , there will be no space between
the lines or entities.

CHAMFER
This command is used for removing the sharp corners. On invoking this command, we have
to press A then ENTER, after that fill the distance and then ENTER, then fill the value of
ANGLE and ENTER, after that select the line on which we want to create the chamfer.

FILLET
This command is used for removing the sharp corners. On invoking this command, we have
to press R then ENTER, after that fill the value and then ENTER, after that select the lines on
which we want to create the radius.

REGION
This command is used for converting the relation of LINE into POLYLINE. Before using this
command the sketch should be closed from all sides. On invoking this command, we have to
select all lines and then right click.

EXPLODE
This command is used for converting the relation of POLYLINE into LINE. On invoking this
command, we have to select the POLYLINE and then right click.

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EXERCISE NO 1:-

EXERCISE NO2:

EXERCISE NO 3:-

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EXERCISE NO 4:-

EXERCISE NO 5:-

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EXERCISE NO 6:-

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