CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the study

It has been the practice to plant trees by seedlings or cuttings, but it takes a

very long time for a tree to grow. This is costly since regular watering, fertilization,

and fencing are still needed. Carrot extract is found to have growth and rooting

hormones. That is considered when combined produce a root inducing solution

which helps the rapid growth of truncheon.

Plant hormones as testosterone, estrogen, or even adrenaline. Hormones are

chemical signals that coordinate the different parts of an organism. Naphthalene is an

organic compound with its simplest polyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white

crystalline solid. It has growth hormones and auxins. One of these is carrots. The

characteristic of the carrot is that they contain beta-carotene, a component found in

orange vegetables. Kalachuchi is a small, deciduous tree, 3-7 meters high, with a

crooked trunk, smooth and shining stems, succulent, with abundant sticky, milky

latex.

The carrot property most of the benefits can be attributed to their beta-

carotene and fiber content. Carrot solution helps grow plants with growth hormones.

Hard and woody stems are hard to stem cut because it is more difficult to root

the wood, and the wood is firm and does not bend easily.

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B. Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to produce a root inducing solution using Carrot solution as

the main material.

Specifically it aimed to:

a. Produce a root inducing solution

b. Test the effectiveness of Carrot solution in terms of:

1. Root-Induction

2. Propagation

c. Compare the effectiveness of the Carrot solution with the normal way of

planting trees using the cutting method.

C. Hypothesis

Ha: Carrot Solution can fasten the growth and propagation of kalachuchi

truncheons.

Ho: Carrot Solution cannot fasten the growth and propagation of kalachuchi

truncheons.

D. Significance of the Study

Mountains are one of the main sources of man’s needs. One of these is trees

that have been decreasing its number due to illegal logging.

To solve this problem, it is required to plant trees by seedlings but this

method takes longer time before the trees can be useful again. It is also a burden

because it needs more attention to assure its growth.

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 Growing a tree from a seedling takes a very long time while the method of

propagation of trees through cutting consumes a small amount of time.

Since one of the problems of cutting producing roots in a short period of time,

this study will produce a root inducing solution made of Carrot fruit extract.

E. Scope and Limitations

The Root-Inducing Solution focuses on the effectiveness of Carrot Solution

on the growth of kalachuchi truncheon gained in stem cutting.

F. Definition of terms

For more comprehensive approach to the study, some of the terms the

researcher used are herein defined either operationally or by authorities. This part

clarify to possible readers to words or group of words that were used in this study.

 Carrot Extract – high in vitamins A and E and in carotene. It is soothing to

chopped and uncomfortable skin and thought to bring moisture in both skin

and in hair.

 Distilled Water - it is the water that has been purified by distillation

 Plant Cutting – it is a technique for vegetative (asexually) propagating plants

in which a piece of the stem or root of the source plants is placed in a suitable

medium such a moist soil, potting mix, coir or rock wool. The cutting

produces new roots, stems or both, and thus becomes a new plant

independent of the parent.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Related Literature

 Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)

It contains a rooting hormone that is present to Naphthalene Acetic Acid

(NAA) which is a plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many

commercial plant rooting horticultural products; it is a rooting agent and used for

the vegetative propagation of plants from stem and leaf cutting. It is also used for

plant tissue culture.

The hormone NAA does not occur naturally. In the United States, under the

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), products containing

NAA require registration with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as

pesticides.

NAA is widely used in agriculture for various purposes. It is considered to be

slightly toxic but when at higher concentrations, it can be toxic to animals. This was

shown by testing on rats via oral ingestion 1000-5900 mg/kg. NAA has been shown

to greatly increase cellulose fiber formation in plants when paired with another

phytohormone called gibberellic acid.

Because it is in the auxin family it has also been understood to prevent

premature dropping and thinning of fruits from stems. It is applied after blossom

fertilization. Increased amounts of it an actually have negative effects however, and

cause growth inhibition to the development of plant crops like apples, olives, oranges

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and various other hanging fruits. In order for it to obtain its desired effects it must be

applied in concentrations ranging from 20-100 ug/mL. In micro propagation of

various plants NAA is typically added to a media containing nutrients essential to the

plant’s survival. It is added to help induce root formation in various plant types. It

can also be applied by spraying it on to plants and which is typical in agriculture use.

It is prohibited in many areas to use it in high concentrations due to health concerns

towards humans and other animals.

Sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/n0640?lang=en&region=PH

 Stem Cuttings or Truncheons

Propagation by stem cuttings is the most commonly used method to

propagate many woody ornamental plants. Stem cuttings of many favorite shrubs are

quite easy to root. However, cuttings from trees such as crape myrtle, some elms, and

birches can be rooted. A greenhouse is not necessary for successful propagation by

stem cuttings; however, maintaining high humidity around the cutting is critical. If

rooting only a few cuttings, you can use a flower pot. Maintain high humidity by

covering the pot with a bottomless milk jug or by placing the pot into a clear plastic

bag. Cuttings can also be placed in plastic trays covered with clear plastic stretched

over a wire frame.

https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/plant-propagation-by-stem-cuttings-instructions-

for-the-home-gardener

 Carrots

The carrot is a root vegetable with the most commonly eaten part being the

taproot. Domesticated carrot that we know today originated from the wild carrot

5
called Daucus carota which was native to Europe and South Western Asia. The

actual plant of a carrot(greens above ground) can grow up to 1m(3.2 ft) tall and

flowers around June to August (Northern hemisphere summer) with a bright white

flower. Cultivated carrots are usually made up of about 88% water, 7%, 1% protein,

1% fiber, 1% ash, and 0.2% fat. Carrot is in the top 10 of most economically

important vegetables.

http://www.sciencekids.co.n2/sciencefacts/food/carrots.html

B. Related Studies

 Analysis of In dole-3-butyric acid induced adventitious root formation on

Arabidopsis stem segments

Root induction by auxins is still not well understood at the molecular level. In

this study, a system has been devised which distinguishes between the two active

auxins indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). IBA, but not IAA,

efficiently induced adventitious rooting in Arabidopsis stem segments at a

concentration of 10 microM. In wild type plants, roots formed exclusively out of calli

at the basal end of the segments. Root formation was inhibited by 10 microM 3,4,5-

triodobenzoic acid (TIBA), an inhibitor of polar auxin transport. At intermediate IBA

concentrations (3-10 microM), root induction was less efficient in tryptophan

auxotroph of Arabidopsis with a bushy phenotype but no demonstrable reduction in

IAA levels.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15no955788/

6
  Intercellular Inclusions in White Mustard Roots Induced by Colchicines

Treatment

During the course of an anatomical study of colchicines induced hypertrophy

in white mustard roots, attention has been given to some peculiar intercellular

inclusions which are certainly not present in untreated roots.

In this study, newly germinated seedlings are immersed in 0-1 percent

colchicines for two hours, thoroughly washed in distilled water and then placed on

moist filter paper to grow for a period of three days. At the end of this time, marked

hypertrophy, characterized by stunted swollen root tips and an exceedingly dense

development of root hairs is obvious.

https://www.nature.com/articles/163362130

7
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

Replicates
Treatments
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
Treatment 1
50 g of carrots + 150 T1,R1 T1,R2 T1,R3 T1,R4 T1,R5 T1,R6
mL Distilled water
Treatment 2
60g of carrots + 150
T2,R2 T2,R2 T2,R3 T2,R4 T2,R5 T2,R6
mL Distilled water

Treatment 3
70g of carrots + 150 mL
T3,R1 T3,R2 T3,R3 T3,R4 T3,R5 T3,R6
Distilled water

Control Variable
Naphthalene Acetic CV, R1 CV, R2 CV, R3 CV, R4 CV, R5 CV, R6
Acid (NAA)
This Research study used the Randomized Complete Block Design.

B. Research Environment

The entire experimentation was conducted at Barangay Compania,

Tumauini, Isabela, Researcher’s residence

C. Materials and Equipments

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  Basin – used as container for finished root inducing solution

 Big cups – used as container for the extract

 Blender – used to blend the carrots to get the extract

 Bowls – used as a container for fixing the amount of each treatment

 Carrot Fruit Extract – used as the main ingredient for the root inducing

solution

 Chopping board – used in cutting the carrots

 Distilled water – used to make the solution reach the desired volume

 Knife – used to cut the truncheon

 Ruler – used to measure the diameter and length of the truncheon

 Stirring rod – used to stir the solution

 Strainer – used to strain the extract to separate the remains and the extract

 Styrofoam – used in closing the lid of the container

D. Procedure

D1. Preparation

Wash the carrots to remove the dirt then, weigh 50g of carrots, after

weighing. Using a knife, and a chopping board, chop the carrots into cubes then

place the carrot cuts in the blender. Measure 150 ml of distilled water and then mix

this inside the blender. Then blend the cubes with distilled water. After the

extraction, place the extract on a clean container, do this in all the treatments and

replicates. Cut a circular styrofoam to cover the top of the container then make a hole

at the center of the styro. Cut 24 pieces of mature stem of Kalachuchi plant with the

length of 6 inches long and insert them at the center of the styro. Be sure that the tip

of the stem will directly in contact with the extract.

After 7-14 days. Observe the changes in the root induction; record all the

observed changes done by the extract to the truncheon. Count the roots who have

grown the measure of the height of the truncheon and if there are leaves who grow.

E. Statistical Tool

The Researchers used the ANOVA: Two-Factor with Replication in computing

the data gathered throughout the entire experimentation.

F. Flow Chart

Preparation

Observation

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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 Effect of Carrot Fruit Extract on Truncheons

8
Mean of gathered data of Truncheon in Carrot extract

0
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3 Control

Leaves Column1

Graph 1: Effect of Carrot Fruit Extract on Truncheons

Based from the gathered data above. In the number of leaves, Treatment 3 has

the highest mean that gained the mean of 2.8 in each replicate it has the most number

of leaves and one of the replicate is about to bud one flower, while the control

treatment has the lowest mean of leaves that gained 1, In Treatment 1 it gained the

mean of 1.3, and in Treatment 2 it gained the mean of 1.8. As of the height of the

stem, Treatment 3 has the highest mean that gained a mean of 6.8, while in the control

treatment has the lowest mean that gained 6.2, In Treatment 1 gained the mean of 6.2,

and In Treatment 2 gained the mean of 6.3. As of the result, the kalachuchi stem grow

more leaves and make the stem grow faster in the Carrot Extract than in than the

commercial growth solution.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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Summary

The purpose of this research study is to produce an alternative root inducing

solution using carrot fruit extract to fasten the propagation process of truncheons. The

Researchers conducted this study to develop a new root inducing solution rather than

using the commercialized product particularly the Naphthalene Acetic Acid. It

encourages the community specifically the gardeners to support the newly developed

or discovered root inducing solution for fastening the propagation process for

convenience. Considering that it is a little time consuming, you can’t deny the fact

that it is more effective than the Naphthalene Acetic Acid.

Conclusion

Based on the conducted experimentation, it is better to use Carrot extract as

root inducing solution than the Commercialized root inducing solution in the

propagation of truncheons.

Recommendation

The researchers recommend that to fasten the root inducing process, increase

the amount of Carrot extract to be used as a root inducing solution.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 (n.d) (2017, May 19) Facts about Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). Retrieved from

Sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/n0640?lang=en&region=PH

 (n.d) (2016). Stem Cuttings. Retrieved from https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/plant-

propagation-by-stem-cuttings-instructions-for-the-home-gardener

 (n.d) (2015, June 17) Background of Carrots. Retrieved from

http://www.sciencekids.co.n2/sciencefacts/food/carrots.html

 (n.d) (2016) Analysis of In dole-3-butyric acid induced adventitious root formation

on Arabidopsis stem segments. Retrieved from

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15no955788/

 (n.d) (2018) Intercellular Inclusions in White Mustard Roots Induced by

Colchicines Treatment. Retrieved from

https://www.nature.com/articles/163362130

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APPENDICES

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 a. Tables

Appendix table 1: Height of plants gathered on the 7 days observation

Treatment Replicates

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
T1 6in 7in 7in 6in 6in 7in
T2 6in 8in 7in 8in 6in 6in
T3 8in 6in 6in 6in 6in 6in
Control 6in 6in 7in 7in 6in 7in

Appendix table 2: Number of Leaves gathered on the 7 days observation

Treatment Replicates

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
T1 1 3 1 1 1 1
T2 1 1 1 5 1 2
T3 3 5 1 3 3 2
Control 1 1 1 1 1 1

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 DOCUMENTATIONS

b. Documentation

 Preparation

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17
 Experimentation
Day1

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Day2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

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20
Day 6

Day 7

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