AVADH LAW COLLEGE

LL.B. FIRST SEMESTER

2) Parts of Speech: Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Adverb, Verb, Preposition, Interjection and Conjugation.
3) Gender, Number and Articles.

4) The Tenses: Present Past and Future Tense. Other various rules of Translation.

5) Direct and Indirect Speeches.

6) Transformation of Sentences: Remove “TOO”, Voice change- Active voice to passive voice and
Passive voice to Active voice. Assertive sentence to Interrogative sentence, Interrogative sentence to
Assertive sentence, Assertive sentence to Exclamatory Sentence, Exclamatory sentence to Assertive
sentence, Affirmative Sentence to Negative sentence, Negative Sentence to Affirmative Sentence.

Degree Change: Positive degree to Comparative degree. Comparative degree to positive degree,
positive degree to superlative degree. Comparative degree to superlative degree, superlative degree to
positive & comparative degree.

7) Synthesis of Sentences

I. Combination of two or more sentences in to single simple sentence.

8) Analysis.

9) Punctuation.
 LL.B. FIRST SEMESTER
Sociology( Paper-II)

(Introduction to Sociology)
1) The Nature of Sociology: The meaning of sociology, the sociological perspective, sociology and social
sciences, the scientific and humanistic orientations to sociological study.

2) Basic Concept: Society, Community, Institution, Association, Group Social structure, Status and Role.

3) Institutions: Family, Religion and Education

4) The Individual and Society: Society, Culture and Socialization, Relation between individual and
society.

5) Social stratification: Meaning Forms and Treaties.

6) Social Change: Meaning and type, Evolution and Revolution, Progress and Development- Factors of
Social change.
 LL.B. FIRST SEMESTER
Economics- I ( Paper-III)
1) INTRODUCTION
Nature and scope of Economics, Methodology in Economics, Choice as an Economic problem,
Role of price mechanism, Demand and supply, Market equilibrium.
2) Consumer’s Behavior:
Utility-cardinal and Ordinal approaches, Indifferences curve, consumer’s equilibrium(Hicks and
slutsky), Giffin goods, Compensated demand, Elasticity of Demand- price, Income and cross,
Consumes surplus, Engel curve.
3) Theory of Population and Costs:
Production decisions, production Function, Iso-quant, Factor substitution, Law of variable
proportion, Returns to scale, Economics of scale, Different concepts of cost and their
interrelation, equilibrium of the firm, Expansion path, Empirical evidence on costs.
4) Market Structure:
Market forms- perfect and imperfect markets, Equilibrium of a firm perfect competition,
Monday and price-discrimination, Measures of monopoly power, Monopolistic Competition,
Durpoly and Notion of controlled and administered prices.
5) Factor Pricing:
Marginal productivity theory of distribution, Theories of wage determination, wages and
collective bargaining, wage differentials, Rent-scarcity rent, Differential rent, Quasi Rent,
Interest-Classical Keynesian Theories, Profits-Innovation, Risks and uncertainty theories.
 LL.B. FIRST SEMESTER
HISTORY- I(Paper-IV)
The Renaissance: Its salient features, the reformation; its causes, process and results, Counter
Reformation, the rise of nation state- France and England. The rise and decline of Spain, Charles and
Phillip’s thirty years war, the ascendancy of France, Henary IV, Richelien, Mazarin, Louis XIV in England.
The conflict growth of cabinet system, the age of the enlightened despotism, Petrel, Catherine II,
Fredrick the great, Industrial revolution in England and decline of France after 1725, Antedecent of
revolution, American war of independence, commercial revolution and mercantilism, the age of reasons,
Colonial expansions and Economic developments, Motive, Voyage, Explarateais. The glorious revolution
of England: cause and Impact.
 LL.B. FIRST SEMESTER
PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW-I(Paper-V)
UNIT- I

Nature, definition, origin and basics of International Law

Sources of International Law

Subjects of International Law

Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law

UNIT- II

Recognition- definition, theories of recognition, kinds of recognition, legal effects of recognition,

Extradition- definition, purpose of extradition, legal duty, extradition of political offenders, doctrine of
double criminality, rule of speciality

Asylum- meaning, right of asylum, types of asylum

Intervention- definition and its prohibition, grounds of intervention

UNIT- III

State Territory- concept, modes of acquisition, international rivers

State Jurisdiction- territorial jurisdiction and its limitation

State Succession- definition, kinds of succession, and consequences of State succession

State Responsibility- kinds of State responsibility, consequences of State responsibility, nationality

UNIT- IV

Law of War- legal effects of war, commencement of war, termination of war, enemy character and
belligerent occupation

War crime, genocide, blockade, doctrine of continuous voyage

Law of Sea- maritime belt, contiguous zone, continental shelf

UNIT- V

United Nations- origin, objects, priniciples and membership

Treaties

Diplomatic agents

Books

Starke, Introduction to International Law

S.K.Kapoor, International Law

S.K.Verma, Public International Law

H.O.Agrawal,

International Law and Human Rights

History and nature of contractual obligations

Agreement and Contract: Definitions, elements and kinds

Proposal and Acceptance – their various forms, essential elements, communication and revocation –
proposal and invitation to treat, standing offers.

Consideration- its need meaning, kinds, essential elements - nudum pactum – privity of contract and of
consideration – its exceptions – adequacy of consideration – present, past and adequate consideration –
unlawful consideration and its effects.

Standard forms of contract.

UNIT - II What agreements are contracts?

Capacity to contract – meaning – incapacity arising out of status and mental defect – minor’s
agreements – definition of ‘minor’ – accessories supplied to a minor, agreements beneficial and
detrimental to a minor to a minor – restitution in cases of minor’s agreement.

Free consent – Its need and definition – factors vitiating free consent.

Coercion – definition – essential elements – duress and coercion – doctrine of economic duress – effect
of coercion.

Undue Influence – definition – essential elements – between which parties can it exist? Who is to prove
it? Illustrations of undue influence – independent advice – pardanashin women – unconscionable
bargains – effect of undue influence.

Misrepresentation – definition – misrepresentation of law and fact – their effects and illustration.

Fraud – definition – essential elements – When does silence amounts to fraud? Active concealment of
truth – importance of intention.

Mistake – definition – kinds – mistake of law and of fact – their effects.

UNIT – III

Legality of objects (Section 23, Indian Contract Act),

Void agreements – from Sections 24-30, Indian Contract Act

Performance of contracts, Discharge of contract and its various modes, Performance – Time and
PlaceImpossibility of performance – specific grounds of frustration – effect of frustration, Breach –
anticipatory and present, Quasi – Contracts [Sections 68-72], Remedies in contractual relations-Damages
- kinds – remoteness of damages - ascertainment of damages. Injunction – when granted and when
refused- Why?

Refund and restitution. Specific Performance – When? Why?

UNIT – V

Specific Relief

Specific performance of contract

Contracts that can be specifically enforced

Persons against whom specific performance can be ordered

Recession and cancellation

Injunction – Temporary, Perpetual

Declaratory orders

Acts

The Indian Contract Act, 1872

The Specific Relief Act, 1963

Books

Anson, Law of Contract

Avtar Singh, Law of Contract and Specific Relief

S.K. Kapoor, Law of Contract

P.S. Atiya, Introduction to the Law of Contract

S.C. Banerjee, Law of Specific Relief

Anand & Aiyer, Law of Specific Relief