APOSTILA DE INGLÊS

Inglês para iniciantes

 SUMÁRIO

UNIDADE 01 -------------------------------------------------------------00
UNIDADE 02 -------------------------------------------------------------00
UNIDADE03 --------------------------------------------------------------00
APÊNDICES ---------------------------------------------------------------00
UNIDADE 01

ALPHABET
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYXZ

Introducing yourself
Questions Answers
What’s your name? My name is...
Where are you from? I’m from...

How are you? I’m ok // I’m good // I’m sick // I’m

sad // I’m hungry
How old are you? I am .... years old.

Where were you born? I was born in...

What’s your last name? My last name is...

What’s your cell phone number? My cell phone number is...

0 = oh

What’s your e-mail adress? . = dot // @ = at

What’s your favorite.... (color,
movie, book)? My favorite ... is ...

Where do you live? I live in...

How long have you lived I have lived there

there? for...years/mounths/days/weeks

Do you like... (pizza, apple, Yes, I do. // No, I don’t.

coke)
Can you spell it? P-E-R-E-I-R-A
 Where did you live before? I lived before in...

What do you do for a living?

Personal pronuns (subject)

I First person
YOU Second Person
HE
SHE Third person in the singular
IT

WE = nós First person

YOU = vocês Second person
THEY Third person in the plural

The principal verbs in the present tense

Verb to be – SER/ESTAR
I AM
YOU ARE
HE
SHE IS
IT

WE ARE
YOU ARE
THEY ARE

Verb To have - TER

I HAVE
YOU HAVE
HE
 SHE HAS
IT

WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
Ex.: Speak; Sing; Take; Sell

Exercises:
01. Translate:
a) Eu tenho cinco gatos, minha irmã tem dois cachorros e nós somos
muito felizes. (sister, very, happy)
b) Você é uma pessoa muito boa. (person, very)
c) Ela tem 10 dez anos. (years old)
d) João é meu amigo. (friend)
e) Nós somos alunos aqui. (students, here)
f) Nós temos 20 anos.
g) Nós precisamos comprar leite. (need, buy, milk)
h) Você é especial. (special)
i) Eu sou um raio de sol. (sunshine)
j) Eu estou aqui e ela está também. (too)

• Sobre a singularidade da terceira pessoa no singular, no presente e na

forma afirmativa:
• Sempre ganha um (terminados nas outras formas) “s” ou (terminados
em O ou CH) “es” no verbo (página 19 do livro – unidade 03)
Ex.: Is; Does; Has; Talks; Sings; Sells...

• I need talk with you.

• She needs talk with you.
 • You speak Spanish.
• He speaks Spanish.

Quando o verbo termina com O ou Ch se acrescenta ES.

• Do – does (fazer)
• Go – goes (ir)
• Watch – watches (assistir)

2. Translate:
a) João estuda muito. (study, a lot)
b) Maria cozinha todo dia. (cook, every day)
c) José tem uma namorada. (have // girlfriend)
d) Daniel dorme cedo. (sleep, early)
e) O cachorro está dormindo. (sleeping)
f) O vaso está quebrado. (vase, broken)
g) Sarah brinca no parque. (play)
h) Paola canta muito bem. (sing, very well)
i) Ela fala pouco. (speak, a little)
j) Ele vende carros. (sell)

Gerúndio
ING = ando, endo, indo.

Talk – talking Ex.: I am talking with my son.

Drink – Drinking Ex.: She is drinking hot chocolate.
Sleep – sleeping Ex.: My dog is sleeping on the tree.
Don’t forget! O gerúndio sempre será precedido pelo verbo TO BE.
 Negative forms

Verb to be
I’m I’m not
You’re You aren’t*

He’s He isn’t*
She’s She isn’t

It’s It isn’t

We’re We aren’t

You’re You aren’t

They’re They aren’t

*Aren’t = are not

*Isn’t = is not

Exemple:
• I’m not sick. (I am not sick)
• You aren’t bad! (You are not bad!)
• She isn’t a good person. (She is not a good person)

Verb To have
I Don’t have
YOU Don’t have
HE Doesn’t have
SHE
IT Dosen’t have*

WE Don’t have*
YOU Don’t have
THEY Don’t have
Ex.: Work; Talk, Eat
*Doesn’t = does not
*Don’t = do not

Yet/ until/ still

Exemple (página 20, 23 e 25 do livro):

• I don’t have...
• We don’t have...
• He/She dosn’t have...

Exercises:

01. Translate for negative form:

a) Eu não tenho cinco gatos e minha irmã não tem dois cachorros e nós
não somos muito felizes.
b) Você não é uma pessoa muito boa.
c) Ela não tem 10 dez anos.
d) João não é meu amigo.
e) Nós não somos alunos aqui.
f) Nós não temos 20 anos.
g) Nós não precisamos comprar leite.
h) Você não é especial.
i) Eu não sou um raio de sol.
j) Eu não estou aqui.
 Interrogative forms

To be:
You are japenese → Are you japanese?
He is John → Is he John?
We are students → Are we students?

I am the best! → Are you the best?

She is pretty → Is she pretty?

• Como perguntar e como responder usando o TO BE

Is she tall? Yes, she is // No, she isn’t
Are you my friend?
Is mine this cup? Yes, it is.// No, it isn’t

Others verbs need the auxiliar Do:

Do you have a pen? Yes, I do // No, I don’t
Does she have a book? Yes, She does. // No, she doesn’t
Do they speak english?
Do you live here?

(More exemples: book, page 23)

As “WH”
Where Onde?
What O quê? / Qual?
 Why Por quê?
When Quando?
How Como?
Who Quem?

Exercises:
01. Translate for interrogative form:
a) Eu tenho cinco gatos, minha irmã tem dois cachorros e nós somos
muito felizes?
b) Você é uma pessoa muito boa?
c) Ela tem 10 anos?
d) João é meu amigo?
e) Nós somos alunos aqui?
f) Nós temos 20 anos?
g) Nós precisamos comprar leite?
h) Você é especial?
i) Eu sou um raio de sol?
j) Eu estou aqui?

02. Translate the paragraph:

Olá! Meu nome é _________________ e eu tenho ________________. Eu
quero comprar um cachorro, mas minha mãe não gosta de animais. Eu não
tenho dinheiro para comprar um cachorro, então eu estou pensando. Eu
estou em minha casa e minha irmã está cantando no banheiro. Você é feliz?
Você gosta de animais? Você está bem hoje? Eu tenho um amigo que é uma
boa pessoa, é feliz, gosta de animais, porém ele está muito triste essa
semana.

Words:
Mother, Money or cash, thinking, home, sister, singing, bath, like, today,
but, week.

As três formas no presente

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am.. I am not... Am I...?
You are... You are not... Are you...?
He is... Is he...?
She is... Is not... Is she...?
It is... Is it...?
We are... We are not... Are we...?
You are... You are not... Are you...?
They are... They are not... Are They...?

Demonstrative pronouns
Singular Plural

This is (near) These are (near)

That is (far) Those are (are)

Articles
Indefinite Exemple
 A I am a doctor
AN I an actor

Definite Exemple
The Can you close the door?
The world, the sky, the universe

Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns Translation Examples
This is mine.
Mine (o) meu, (a) minha
Isto é meu.
This is yours.
Yours (o) seu, (a) sua
Isto é seu.
This is his.
His (o) dele
Isto é dele.
This is hers.
Hers (a) dela
Isto é dela.
This is its.
Its (o) dele, (a) dela
Isto é dele/dela.
(os) nosso(s), (as) This is ours.
Ours
nossa(s) Isto é nosso.
These are yours.
Yours (os) seus, (as) suas
Estes são seus.
These are theirs.
Theirs (os) deles, (as) delas
Estes são deles.
Os possessive pronouns (pronomes possessivos substantivos) funcionam
como substantivos, substituindo-os na frase.

Possessive adjectives*
 Possessive Tradução
adjectives
My meu, minha
Your teu, tua
His dele
Her dela
Its (neutro) dele, dela
Our nosso, nossa
Your vosso, vossa, seu, sua, de
vocês
Their (neutro) deles, delas

Exemples:
• My pen is new. (Minha caneta é nova.)
• His dog is black. (O cachorro dele é preto.)
• Her sister is an architect. (A irmã dela é arquiteta.)
• Our teacher is late. (Nosso professor está atrasado.)

* Os possessive adjectives (pronomes adjetivos possessivos) funcionam

como adjetivos na frase e sempre estão acompanhados por um substantivo.
TEXT 01:
Joe: What do you do on weekends?

David: Well, that depends. During the school year, I usually have to study
on Saturdays.

J: And how about on Sundays?

D: Well, I always have lunch together, you know, the whole family. Then
after lunch, I sometimes go to the park and meet my friends.

J: Oh? What do you do there?

D: We play soccer, take a walk, or just talk. After that, He go out. He

usually go to the movies.

J: How often do you go out of the city?

D: About once a month. My uncle has a small farm in the mountains, so I

sometimes drives up there.

J: That sounds nice. Do you go alone?

David: No, my mom, my two sisters and some of our friends usually go
too.

J: But why do you go?

C: A lot of things: green trees, clean air, and no people.

J: Oh, just like LA!

C: Ha! That‘s a good joke.

TEXT 02:
A Special Offer
Abibus have been producing top-class cars with unbeatable value for 12
years. We have been talking to you our customers a lot recently to find out
if there was any way of making our cars even better than before and you
told us that our product is as good as it gets. The only way to make Abibus
cars even more attractive would be to reduce the price, but that can’t be
done… or can it? Well, yes it can! From the beginning of next year, for a
period of six months, we are cutting the cost of all our Abibus cars by 10%-
yes 10%! So from January 1 next year, Abibus cars will be 10% cheaper, but
still top class. We have been doing business with you for 12 years. Now for
the next 12!

TEXT 03:
Bertrand is French and he lives and works in the north of France. His English
is very good because he studies it at school and uses it in his job. A few
months ago, he went to San Francisco for the first time to visit some friends
he met in France a few years ago. He stayed for a week and in that time
Bertrand and his friends had a very busy time – they visited Fisherman‘s
Wharf, rode the cable cars, saw the sea lions by Pier 39, ate in a different
restaurant every day, walked up the steep hills, and did lots of shopping in
the fantastic department stores. And, of course, they took lots of
photographs. At dinner one evening Bertrand and his friends- Marie,
Myrianne and Norbert- were having dinner when the fire alarm sounded,
but the waiters didn‘t seem to be worried, they just carried on working.
Everyone around them carried on eating. They thought it was so weird,
everyone carrying on with their meals even though the fire alarm was
sounding. Bertrand and his friends decided to get out quickly, but just as
they went out of the door they saw a sign by the entrance warning
customers that there was going to be a fire alarm test that evening and they
should ignore it. Bertrand and his friends quietly sat back down again to
continue their meal feeling a bit embarrassed.
UNIDADE 02
UNIDADE 02

The principal verbs in the past tense

Verb to be
I WAS
YOU WERE
HE
SHE WAS
IT

WE WERE
YOU WERE
THEY WERE

Verb To have
I HAD
YOU HAD
HE
SHE HAD
IT

WE HAD
YOU HAD
THEY HAD

Verbos Regulares
For regular verbs, add -ed to the root form of the verb (or just -d if the root
form already ends in an e):

Play→ Played
Type→ Typed
Listen→ Listened
Push→ Pushed
Love→ Loved

Exemple:
He studied a lot yesterday. (Ele estudou bastante ontem).
They loved go to the school.

Verbos Irregulares
Verb Infinitive Past tense

Pegar Get Got

Ver See Saw
Correr Run Ran
Comer Eat Ate
Acordar Wake Woke
Drink Drink Drank
Ir Go Went
Ter Have Had
Ler Read Read
Ouvir Hear Hear
Dirigir Drive Drove
Escolher Choose Chose
Nadar Swim Swan
Levar Take Took
Vender Sell Sold
Falar Speak Spoke
Dizer Say Said
Dar Give Gave
Vir Come Came
Sair Leave Left
Exemple:
She broke her leg. (Ela quebrou a perna dela).
They woke up late this morning. (Eles acordaram atrasados esta
manhã).

Negative form
There is a formula for making simple past verbs negative, and it’s the same
for both regular and irregular verbs (except for the verb to be). The formula
is did not + [root form of verb]. You can also use the contraction didn’t
instead of did not.

Exemple:
They did not wash the car this weekend. (Eles não lavaram o carro
esse fim de semana).

We didn’t send e-mails to our parents. (Nós não mandamos e-mails

para os nossos pais).

I didn’t see Jack at the party yesterday. (Eu não vi o Jack na festa
ontem).
She did not cut her nails. (Ela não cortou as unhas dela).

Verb to be

For the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. When the subject of
the sentence is singular, use was not or wasn’t. When the subject is plural,
use were not or weren’t.I was not at home yesterday.

Exemple:
I was not a good student.
You weren’t there When the train arrived.
 Interrogative form
The formula for asking a question in the simple past tense is did + [subject]
+ [root form of verb].

Exemple:
Did Mary and Carol go to the mall last week? (A Mary e a Carol foram
ao shopping semana passada?).

Did Phillip buy his mother a gift? (O Philip comprou um presente para
a mãe dele?).

Did Amanda sing at the festival? (A Amanda cantou no festival?).

Did John give you all this money? (O John lhe deu todo este
dinheiro?).

Using verb To Be
When asking a question with the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary
did. The formula is was/were + [subject].

Exemple:
Was Wolfgang in a good mood after the contest? Were people
taking lots of pictures?

Infinitive Past Tense Negative Interrogative

To love Loved Didn’t love Did you love him?
To play Played Didn’t play Did you play?
To be Was/Were Wasn’t/Weren’t Was I a good student?/
Were you there?
To drive Drove Dind’t drive Did you drive?
 Empty “It”

Non-Human Subject Pronoun 'It'

We have studied 'it' as a way to refer to a non-human subject pronoun. It
replaces something that has been mentioned before or is implied from the
context:

• There is a village nearby. The village is ten kilometers south of

here.
• → There is a village nearby. It’s ten kilometers south of here.

Empty ‘It’
Sometimes however, the word ‘it’ is a ‘dummy subject’ or an ‘empty it’. It
does not refer to anything buri s needed in the sentence for gramatical
reasons. We use an ‘empty it’ to do the following:

1. Talk about the Weather

a) It is Sunny today.
b) It snowed yesterday.
c) It is hot in the Philippines.

2. Say a time or date

a) What time is it? It is five o’clock.

b) It is my birthday next week. My family is coming to celebrate. //
That’s great!
 Adjectives

• The girl is nice.

• She is a nice girl.

• This house is big.

• This is a big house.

• That textbook is new.

• I read a new textbook.

Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They tell us about their
size, shape, age, color, origin or material.

Adjective + Noun

In most cases adjectives come in front of nouns:

• It’s a big table.

• They have a beautiful house.
• He’s a good man.
• White House.

Linking Verb + Adjective (no noun)

Linking verbs are non-action verbs such as ‘be’, ‘become’, and ‘seem’
that link (coneect) the subject with words that describe it
(adjectives).

Adjectives that follow linkng verbs do not need nouns.

• The table is big.
• He is tall.
• She seems happy.
• They were rich.
• The house is white.
Exercise:

The sentences below have mistakes. Rearrange them so they are correct.
Do not add additional words:

1. This is new building.

2. Sally and John busy are.

3. Mark is old not.

4. Is new this shirt?

5. Is your small bag?

6. It difficult is a problem.
TEXT 01

A Black President

He walked into the doctor's office. The receptionist said hello.

He said hello. She asked if he had an appointment. He said,
"Yes, I have an appointment at 2 o'clock." She told him to sign
in. He signed in. "Which doctor are you seeing?" she asked.
"I'm seeing Dr. Evans," he said. She told him to take a seat. Dr.
Evans would see him in a few minutes. He took a seat. He
opened a magazine. The name of the magazine was Time. He
looked at the date on the magazine. The date was November
17, 2018. The magazine was one year old. He didn't mind. Old
news was interesting. New news was interesting. He read t he
old news. It was about a new president. Barack Obama was the
new president. He was the new president of the United States.
Everyone was so happy. Finally, a black man was president.

TEXT 02

The Paint Job

Danny's fence needed painting. He wanted to paint it white. He

looked in the phone book. He looked under "P" for Painters. He
called up a painter. "How much to paint my fence?" He asked.
"How big is your fence?" the painter asked. "It goes all the way
around my yard," Danny said. "How big is your yard?" the
painter asked. "My yard is half as big as a football field," Danny
said. The painter said $300. "It will cost $300," he said. That
was a good deal. Danny said, "That's a good deal."
The painter came over the next day. He painted Danny's fence
white. It took him only three hours. Danny looked at his white
fence. He liked it. "You did a good job," he said to the painter.
"My white fence looks great. How long will this paint last?" "It
will last a lifetime," said the painter.

TEXT 03

The Winner

Victor never won at anything. He played Monopoly. He lost at

Monopoly. He played Scrabble. He lost at Scrabble. He played
checkers. He lost at checkers. He played chess. He lost at chess. He
played tennis. He lost at tennis. His dad told him not to worry.
"Someone has to win, and someone has to lose," Dad said. "But I'm
always the loser," Victor said. "I'm never the winner." His dad said,
"Don't worry. These are games. You are playing games. Games are
not important." Victor asked, "What is important? I thought games are
important." His dad said that being a good person is important. He
said the most important thing is to be a good person. He said that
Victor was a good person. Victor was kind. Victor was polite. Victor
was friendly. "Thank you, Dad," Victor said. "I am a good person, so I
am a winner!"
UNIDADE 03
UNIDADE 03

Simple Future

■ Future Events
• Sarah is 24 years old.
• She will be 25 next Sunday.

■ Hopes and Thoughts

• You visited me last year.
• I hope you will visit me again.
• Your sister doesn't like this cellphone.
• I think your sister will like that cellphone.

■ Decisions in the Moment

• I think I’ll have pizza for dinner.
• I'll pay with my credit card, please.

■ Offers and Promises

• I will call a taxi for you.
• I’ll (I will) buy you a new phone.
• I’ll call you as soon as possible.
• I will be back in a moment!

'Will' is a modal verb like 'can'; it does not change in the third person
singular (he, she, it).

• I will cook.
• You will cook.
• He/she/it will cook.
• We will cook.
• They will cook.
Exercise

1) Sentence Building - Create sentences using the simple future

tense to talk about what you will do tomorrow. The following
words are just reference:

wake up → I will wake up at 7 a.m. tomorrow.

a) drink coffee
b) take the train to work
c) eat lunch
d) come back home
e) make dinner
f) watch the news
g) relax
h) go to bed

2) Fill in the Blanks - Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences

in the simple future tense:

Patrick (is) _____________ the next President.

The President (serves) _________________ for four years.

Jane (is) _____________________ the Vice President.

In four years, there (is) _________________ a new President

and Vice President.
In four years, Patrick and Jane (are not) __________________
in office.

They (are) _______________________ retired.

In 100 years, we (are all) ______________________ dead.

In 100 years, we (are not) ________________________ alive.

Negative Form

To negate 'will', put 'not' after 'will': will not / won't:

• I will not be in the office tomorrow.

• They won't stay here.

Interrogative Form

How do we form questions with 'will'?

Switch 'will' and the subject in the positive sentence:

• It will rain.
• → Will it rain?

• You will arrive on time.

• → Will you arrive on time?

• He will play tennis.

• → Will he play tennis?
To make open-ended questions, put question words before
'will':

• What will you do on the weekend?

• Where will you stay in New York?

More exemples:
• Will you lend me $200?
• Will you open the door for me please?
• How many people will go on the trip?
• When will you send me the file?
• Where will you put your luggage?
• What will you do to pass the test?
• How much will it cost?
• Will she accept me?
• Will you come early?
• What time will she be here?

Exercise:

1) Rephrasing Sentences - Change the following sentences into

simple future tense:

a) Is the weather nice tomorrow?

b) Is it Christmas next week?

c) What are you wearing for Halloween?

d) Who do you dance with at the party?

e) What do you do when you are an adult?

f) When do you go to the park?

g) How do you get to your grandparent's house?

 Be Going to Future

What is the difference between 'Be Going To' and 'Will'?

1. 'Will' is used in formal speech/writing and 'be going to' is not:

→ Formal 'will': The President will visit Cuba and Panama

next month.

→ Casual 'be going to': We're going to go to the park; do

you want to come?

2. 'Be going to' is not used for decisions we just made:

→ Can you drive me to the art museum please?

Sure, I'll take you there. ('I'm going to' would be wrong here,
since he just made this decision.)

How do we use 'be going to'?

Use 'be going to' like this: [subject] + am/is/are + going to + [plain
verb]:

It is going to rain.

In casual spoken English, people often use the contracted form

'gonna' /gənə/:

You're gonna leave soon, right?

Is it gonna rain later?

 Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Exercise:

1) Sentence Building - Use the 'be going to' future to make

sentences with the following phrases:

have drinks, before dinner → "I'm going to have drinks before

dinner."

a) visit my family, next week

b) go to Japan, next month

c) cook, tonight

d) buy a new phone, next year

e) relax, after work

TEXT 01

What are you going to do after university?

When I finish university I want to do lots of things! I am going to travel

abroad to spend some time in France. I want to improve my French
and I think I will improve if I spend a few months living in a small town
in the South of France. I am going to practice guitar every day
because I won’t have to study every day. It is going to be so great! I
am going to go to the beach every morning and swim in the sea. I am
going to spend a lot of money there but I think I will be okay.
When I come back from France I will get a job in my area here in
Dublin. I would like to work for a big company and I will make a lot of
money. I am going to rent a big apartment and have big parties with
all my friends. We are going to have so much fun. I am going to miss
my family when I go to France so I am going to invite my parents to
my new apartment for dinner every weekend. It is going to be so cool!

TEXT 02

Schools of the future: what will They look like?

Technology and other recent social changes are affecting the way we
learn, and schools of the future will need to adjust to those new ways
of learning.

Experts say that, in the future, school rooms will need to have the
flexibility to enable pupils and teachers to engage in different types of
learning and recreational activities. In other words, rooms will have to
be flexible enough to be used in different ways. Folding doors and
moveable partitions will allow teachers and students to alter room
shapes and sizes according to different circumstances. If there is a
talk by a local businessperson or community worker, the “walls” can
be removed to create a larger room; if it is time to do some
independent or small-group work, the “walls” can be used again to
create a quiet working environment.

It is easier to achieve flexibility if all rooms have more or less the same
proportions and standard shapes. Also, furniture will be kept to a
minimum and it will be moved around daily to suit different activities.
The same will happen with equipment: boards will not be placed on
walls but they will move around on wheels. And say goodbye to black
or white boards: they will be replaced by interactive white boards
which can work as a computer screen or as a traditional board.

Some of these changes are already taking place in some schools

around the world. What do you think about them? Will they make
schools a better place to learn?

TEXT 03

ONE DAY

One day I will go to Brazil. I will visit the North and the South. I will eat
typical food, like “feijoada” and “acarajé”. I will talk to the people. I will
make new friends. I will dance Brazilian music, like “Samba” and
“Axé”. Yesterday I watched a programme on TV about Brazil. It is a
beautiful place, I will love this country located in South America. I will
see wonderful beaches and I will learn Portuguese.
APÊNDICES
 What time is it? // What’s the time?

By Mairo Vergara

1. Como perguntar as horas...

a) What time is it? / What’s the time? (que horas são?)
b) Do you have the time? / Have you got the time? (você poderia me dizer as horas?)
c) Could you tell me the time? (você poderia me dizer as horas?)

2. Respondendo...
A) (7:25) It’s seven twenty-five.
B) (9:15) It’s nine fifteen.
C) (4:57) It’s four fifty-seven.
D) (8:19) It’s eight nineteen.

Para os minutos de 1 a 9, costuma-se pronunciar aquele número zero que os antecedem

como se fosse a letra O. Veja:
E) (3:05) It’s three ‘oh’ five.
F) (9:02) It’s nine ‘oh’ two.
G) (1:08) It’s one ‘oh’ eight.

Para dizer horas cheias, use a palavra o’clock. As exceções são meio-dia e meia-noite,
que já tem palavras próprias: noon ou midday e midnight, respectivamente.
H) (11:00) It’s eleven o’clock.
I) (5:00) It’s five o’clock.
J) (7:00) It’s seven o’clock.
K) (12:00) It’s noon. / It’s midday.
L) (00:00) It’s midnight.

Mas atenção! Essas palavras específicas para meio-dia e meia-noite costumam ser
usadas apenas para as horas cheias. Junto com os minutos, use o número doze, mesmo:
M) (12:40) It’s twelve forty.
N) (12:23) It’s twelve twenty-three.
O) (00:35) It’s twelve thirty-five.
P) (00:59) It’s twelve fifty-nine.

É importante também que você saiba que os falantes do inglês costumam usar o sistema
de 12 horas, e não o de 24 horas como muitos de nós. Como eles fazem então para saber
se o horário se refere ao dia ou à noite? Eles usam a.m. e p.m..
Você pode também dizer in the morning (de manhã), in the afternoon (de tarde) ou in
the evening (de noite) para especificar o período do dia.
Q) (8:35) It’s eight thirty-five a.m. / It’s eight thirty-five in the morning.
São oito e trinta e cinco da manhã.
R) (15:12) It’s three twelve p.m. / It’s three twelve in the afternoon.
São três e doze da tarde.

S) (22:40) It’s ten forty p.m. / It’s ten forty in the evening. São dez e quarenta da
noite.

Na prática... como escutaríamos a hora lá?

Dos minutos 1 ao 30, diga quantos minutos se passaram desde a última hora cheia
utilizando a palavra PAST, que significa “passado”. Perceba que você falará os minutos
antes das horas.
1. (10:05) It’s five past ten. São dez e cinco.
2. (4:09) It’s nine past four.
3. (8:16) It’s sixteen past eight.
4. (7:28) It’s twenty-eight past seven.

Dos minutos 31 ao 59, diga quantos minutos faltam para a próxima hora cheia. Para isso,
utilize a palavra TO, que pode ser traduzida aqui como “pras”.
1. (6:55) It’s five to seven. São cinco para as sete.
2. (10:48) It’s twelve to eleven.
3. (2:40) It’s twenty to three.
4. (5:36) It’s twenty-four to six.

Uma peculiaridade...
Existem palavras específicas para falar dos minutos 15 e 30. Como 15 minutos é um
quarto de hora, você pode chamá-lo de A QUARTER, que significa “um quarto”. E como
30 minutos é metade de uma hora, você pode chamá-lo de HALF, que significa
“metade”.
1. (9:15) It’s a quarter past nine. São nove e quinze.
2. (11:15) It’s a quarter past eleven.
3. (3:45) It’s a quarter to four.
4. (7:45) It’s a quarter to eight.
5. (2:30) It’s half past two.
6. (6:30) It’s half past six.

Quando houver passado poucos minutos da hora cheia, você pode dizer It’s a little after,
e quando faltar poucos minutos para a próxima hora cheia, você pode dizer It’s almost.
Ou utilize It’s about para arredondar o horário para a hora cheia, tanto para baixo
quanto para cima.
a) (11:04) It’s a little after eleven o’clock. Passou um pouquinho das onze horas.
b) (5:02) It’s a little after five o’clock. Passou um pouquinho das cinco horas.
c) (8:57) It’s almost nine o’clock. São quase nove horas.
d) (6:59) It’s almost seven o’clock. São quase sete horas.
e) (3:02) It’s about three o’clock. São cerca de três horas.
f) (10:58) It’s about eleven o’clock. São cerca de onze horas.

Vejamos alguns exemplos de frases:

“I think I overslept, what time is it now?” “It’s half past ten.”

“Eu acho que dormi demais, que horas são agora?” “São dez e meia.”

I usually have breakfast at 7:00 a.m.

Eu geralmente tomo café da manhã às sete da manhã.
My parents normally get up at 6 o’clock.
Meus pais normalmente se levantam às seis horas.

He stretched his arms above his head and glanced at the clock on his bedside, it
was eight o’clock.
Ele esticou seus braços acima de sua cabeça e deu uma olhada para o relógio em sua
cabeceira, eram oito horas.

We turned up just before eight o’clock and left at about half past one in the morning.
Nós chegamos pouco antes das oito horas e fomos embora por volta de uma e meia da
manhã.

By seven o’clock, Karen’s bags were packed and loaded into the cab.
Às sete horas, as malas de Karen estavam feitas e colocadas dentro do táxi.

It’s nine o’clock on a beautiful Friday evening.

São nove horas em uma bonita noite de sexta-feira.

No one simply assumes they will be my ride to the airport for a 6 a.m. flight, and
usually no one offers.
Ninguém simplesmente presume que me levará de carro ao aeroporto para um voo
às 6 da manhã, e geralmente ninguém se oferece.

The commission is scheduled to meet at a quarter past 9 tomorrow on the 15th floor.
Está programado para o comitê se reunir às 9:15 amanhã no 15º andar.

The race starts at twenty to 8 p.m., but most of us get there earlier to get a good
seat.
A corrida começa às vinte para as 8 da noite, mas a maioria de nós chega lá mais cedo
para conseguir um bom lugar.

To celebrate, the club is hosting an open bar from 10 p.m. to midnight, with free
buffet and prize giveaways.
Para comemorar, o clube está organizando um open bar das 10 da noite à meia-noite,
com buffet grátis e entrega de prêmios.

The tour will be from half past 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., followed by a light supper.
O passeio será das 3 e meia da tarde às 6 da tarde, seguido de um jantar leve.

The bus arrives at midday.

O ônibus chega ao meio-dia.

The flight leaves at a quarter to two.

O voo parte às quinze para as duas.

The concert begins at ten o’clock.

O concerto começa às dez horas.

Translate:

1) O almoço será meio dia.

2) Minha está em casa todo dia às 15 horas.
3) Meu namorado dorme às 20:00 da noite.
4) Eu levanto às 7:30 da manhã.
5) A aula começa às 16:30.
 Dialogues

(person 01)
- Hey! How it’s going?
(person 02)
- ___________sick________. (tudo bem) (I’m fine)
(person 01)
- Where are you?
(person 02)
- ____________________. (at = em)
(person 01)
- I’m listening a sound... are you in the bathroom?
(person 02)
- No... I am in the living room. This sound is in TV.
(person 01)
- _______________? (o que você está assistindo? whatching)
(person 02)
- ______________. (assistindo um filme) - movie
(person 01)
- Nice... Let’s go to gym at night?
(person 02)
- Yes. What time?
(person 01)
- At six o’clock.
(perons 02)
- Okay. See you there.3
(person 01)
- See you.