As per UBC 1997/ACI318-11

If a/b >2.5, refer to table R21.9.1, ACI318

1. Define model in ETABS program : define design code/ materials/ columns/ shear walls/ beams/
slabs/piers/ constraints……..

2. Define loadings :

Statics loadings : SelfW / SDL / LIVE/….

Earthquake loadings : EQXP / EQXN / EQYP / EQXN
Wind loadings : WINDX / WINDY/……
Snow : Snow…

3. Define Mass Source (item 1630.1) :

Mass Source Residential, Wseismic = (1) SelfW + (1) SDL
Storage, Wseismic = (1) SelfW + (1) SDL + (0.25) Live

4. Locate loads/ mesh slabs and shear walls / define diaphragms/ piers ………………………..

5. Locate Irregularities features : vertical irregularity (table 16-L) & in plane irregularity (table 16-M)

6. Redundancy factor, ρ (item 1630.1):

Maximum element story shear ratio

ρ=2– rmax = max(Vi/Vtotal)

Ab = ground floor area

 1 ≤ ρ ≤ 1.5, &

 ρ ≤ 1.25, if SMRF structure

7. Special Seismic force :

E =ρ Eh + Ev
Ev = 0.5 Ca I D

ρ = 1, if seismic zone 1 & 2 DL multiplier

ρ = ρcal, if seismic zone 2 & 4

8. Load combinations : as per ACI2011/IBC2009

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 9. Torsional Irregularity of structure (item 1630.7):
Max. story displacement

(δmax – δmin)/2
For a given load, in each floor, calculate Ax = ( δmax/1.2 δAV ) ≤ 1.2

If torsional irregularities Overrides Story /diagram

Ecc. ex = Ax x 5% x D

10. P-delta effects (item 1630.1.3) :

If secondary moment / Primary Moment ≤ 0.1, no need to consider P-delta effects

In zone 3 & 4, if ∆s/h ≤ 0.02/ R, no need to consider P-delta effects

Else, P-delta should be considered in analysis and design,

P-delta parameters in Etabs:

 Iterative method
 Max iteration = 3 (2..5)
 Tolerance = 0.001
 Load combination : (1) SelfW
(1.2) SDL
(0.5) Live

Note that P-delta effects should considered in calculating total story drift ∆s (item 1630.9.1)

11. 1st run model

12. Adjustment of R factor after verification of structural system :

For every earthquake load, (EQXP, EQXN, EQYP,EQYN ), calculate αi = ∑Vi/Vstory ,

Wall participation, α = ∑αi/n

Structural System, R’
Here below, example for structural system direction X,

Pier load Vx ∑Vi Vstory(EQXP) α i=∑Vi/Vstory

Story 1 PX1 EQXP .... Story n .... Vn ....
Story 1 PX.. EQXP .... Story .. .... … ....
Story 1 PX.. EQXP .... Story .. .... ....
Story 1 PX.. EQXP .... Story .. .... ....
Story 1 PXn EQXP .... Story 1 .... V1 ....
SUM ∑Vi α= ∑αi/n

R’
Table 16-N

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 13. Run the model :
14. 1st check lists :
14.1. Mass, period, ρ factor, base shear, combinations, dead coefficient (0.5CaI),………
14.2. Rectified R. shear wall participation and system used
14.3. Calculate the Drift ∆s
Note here that p delta should be taken in account
Note the Etabs give drift ratio, means ∆s = ∆s(etabs) x h
Story height

14.4. Torsion irregularity Ax = ( δmax/1.2 δAV ), if exist

15. Final Run of the model: In fact at least two models should by created, design model and drift model.
Where Members stiffness of drift model should be multiplied by 1.43 (item 21.3.1)

Design model : - Building drifts / Story drift under seismic

loads / Structural design/ Pile loads

Drift model : - Wind drift / Acceleration

16. Overturning and sliding check :

Overturning safety:

Mdead/Movert = W x b/2 / H x a ≥ 1.5

Sliding safety:

0.9 W / H ≥ 1.5

17. Wind Drift :

∆s ≤ H / 500

∆s = ∆s(Etabs) x h Total building height

Note the drift model can be used and ∆s taken from all combinations.

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 18. Earthquake drift (item 1630.9 & 1630.10) :

∆s = ∆s(Etabs) x h, all combinations

Calculate, ∆m = 0.7 R ∆s
Building period

∆m ≤ 0.025 h, if t < 0.7 s

∆m ≤ 0.020 h, if t < 0.7 s

Story height
19. Response spectrum analysis:
19.1. Define spectrum function UBC97 Ca / Cv
19.2. Define Response Spectrum cases :
Case dir. func Scale
SPECT X U1 UBC97 g/R
U3 UBC97 g/R x 2/3

SPECT Y U1 UBC97 g/R

U2 UBC97 g/R x 2/3

SPECT XY U1 UBC97 g/R

U2 UBC97 g/R
U3 UBC97 g/R x 2/3

19.3. Run the model

Number of modes = Number of stories

Ritz factors = Accel X
Accel Y
Accel Z

19.4. Scaling the results (item 1631.5.4) :

Case dir. func Scale

SPECT X U1 UBC97 g/R x EQX/Spect If Ex < spect X, no scaling
U3 UBC97 g/R x 2/3 x EQX/Spect

SPECT Y U1 UBC97 g/R x EQY/Spect If Ey < spect Y, no scaling

U2 UBC97 g/R x 2/3 x EQY/Spect

SPECT XY U1 UBC97 g/R x EQX/Spect

U2 UBC97 g/R x EQY/Spect
U3 UBC97 g/R x 2/3 x EQX/Spect
Scaling can be reduced by 90 % if regular structure and conditions satisfied

19.5. Modal participation ratio should be ≥ 90 %

20. Verify all check list

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 Important notes:
If structural system is Building Frame System, gravity loads by columns and lateral loads by walls, should be :
Columns designed only for gravity combinations
Walls designed to support all lateral loads as follows: 1. Assign shear modifiers for all columns = 0.001
2. Design shear walls

21. Concrete design : shear walls / columns design / beams design

 Columns and beams reinforcement :
Violet color Ok, accepted design
Red color Section should be revised

 Shear walls
000000000000000000000

22. SMRF Criteria (Special Moment Resisting Frames, item 21.5 ---> 21.9) :

22.1. Search and verify R, structural system SMRF, (1623.6.4)

Dual system (1623.6.5)
22.2. Check ductility requirements :

 Concrete strength, f'c ≥ 21 Mpa



Columns (ACI 21.6.1) Beams (ACI 21.5.1)

 a & b ≥ 300 mm  b ≥ (300mm; 0.3 h)
 a/b ≥ 0.4  ln /d ≥ 4
 Pu ≥ Ag f’c /10  Pu ≤ Ag f’c /10
 a & b ≥ φbeam (21.5.1)  b ≤ width of support + ...
 Max iteration = 3
 Max iterationTo=avoid
3 joint crack (2..5)
(2..5)  Tolerance =
 Tolerance =for columns and beams
22.3. Put necessary reinforcement 0.001
0.001  Load
1% ≤ ρcol ≤ 6 % ( 0.25√f’c/fy ; 1.4/fy) ≤ ρbeam ≤ 2.5 %
 Load combination : (1)
22.4. Run Model and design
combination : SelfW
22.5. Check elements inputs :
(1) SelfWspecial sway (or intermediate sway)
(1.2) SDL
SMRF IMRF
(1.2) SDL
struc struct (0.5) Live
tures ures
(0.5) Live

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 SMRF
22.6. Check longitudinal / shear reinforcement
Red color Capacity ratio exceeded,
Capacity/demand ShouldShould
> 1, Reinf. be revised
be revised
Violet color Capacity/demand < 1, Critical zone
Green color Capacity/demand > 0, Not economic

Yellow color 0 < Capacity/demand < 1, Ok

22.7. Check reinforcement ratios

Column 1% ≤ ρcol ≤ 6 % (ACI 21.6.3.1)

Beams ( 0.25√f’c/fy ; 1.4/fy) ≤ ρbeam ≤ 2.5 % (ACI 21.5.2.1 / 10.5.3)
Shear walls 0.25% ≤ ρwall ≤ 2 % (ACI 21.3)

22.8. Column P-M-M interaction ratios :

Red color > 1, overstressed

Violet color 0.9 < ρ < 1

Yellow color 0.7 < ρ < 0.9

Green color 0.5 < ρ < 0.7

Blue color 0 < ρ < 0.5

22.9. (6/5) Beam / Column capacity Ratio :

Mc2

Weak beam/strong column

Mb1 Mb2 ∑ Mci ≥ (6/5) ∑Mbi

Mc1
22.10. Column/ beam capacity Ratio :
22.11. Joint shear Capacity Ratios :

Red color > 1, overstressed

Violet color

Yellow color

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