Lecture 2 (7)

Art and Science:

Elements, Medium, Design
and Technology

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
OBJECTIVES
a. Relate the study of art to the field of sciences such
as biology, archaeology, physics, chemistry and
computer science.
b. Identify artworks, styles and artists that used
principles of science.
c. Explain the biological theory of art and beauty.
d. Analyze the chemical compositions of some media
used in the visual arts.
e. Apply principles of physics to art design and
composition.
f. Formulate a scientific and technological approach to
Art Appreciation.
g. Examine the emergent art forms in the age of
computer and information technology.
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
VIDEOS
7.1. “The Darwinian Theory of Beauty by Dennis Dutton”
in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PktUzdnBqW.

7.2. “Michelangelo and the Science of Fresco Painting:

Chemistry Meets Art,” in https://www.youtube. com/
watch?v=lUddM_Y_snQ.

7.3 “Lithography Printing Process” in https://www.you

tube.com/watch?v= NeIuYLaw9ks

7.4. “Software for Creating Digital Art” https://www.you

tube.com/watch?v= lqSJf58_k7g.

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

LECTURES
7.1. The Darwinian Theory of Beauty and Art

7.2. Media and Elements of Visual Art

7.3. Design and Principles of Composition

7.4. Application of Technology to Art Production

7.5. The Art of Selfie and Groupie

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

 LECTURE 7.1
The Darwinian Theory
of Beauty and Art

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 THE DARWINIAN
THEORY OF BEAUTY
AND ART
DENNIS DUTTON
(1944-2010)

“Art is a need built into Video 7.1

human biological system
through a complex,
subtle evolutionary
adaptation.”
 THE OLDEST
WORKS OF ART

ACHEULEAN HAND AXES

found in Olduvai Gorge
East Africa, dating back
to 2 million years ago

Functioned as “fitness
signal” that the makers
used to attract mates,
hence giving the makers The peacocks shown
more chance of survival. its tail to attract
peahens.
 FROM ARCHEOLOGY THROUGH BIOLOGY TO ART

After million and thousands of years of

human evolution, the ACHEULEAN HAND AXES
have gradually developed into much more
complex and finer WORKS OF ART.

In short, artist makes art to get laid.

 PICASSO’S AFFAIRS WITH WOMEN
• Had an insatiable sexual appetite, he started went to
brothel at age 13, and was a playboy all his life.
• Over the course of his life, Picasso had two wives, six
significant mistresses and hundreds of lovers.
• He left his first wife Olga Khokhlova for his pregnant
mistress Marie Therese Walter. He refused to divorce
his wife to prevent her from receiving half of his wealth.
Olga died by drinking herself to death.
• At 62, Picasso had an affair with a 23-year old art student Francois Gilot, who
deserted him after ten years because of Picasso’s cheating and abusiveness. Francois
is said to be the only woman who left Picasso.
• At 79, he married Jacqueline Roque, 35, who committed suicide 15 years after Picasso
died.

Olga Marie-Therese Francois Jacqueline

 Picasso
Woman
Reading
1923

Model was
Picasso’s
first wife,
Olga
 Picasso, Green
Leaves and Bust,
1932

The model was

Picasso’s mistress
Marie Therese.

The most expensive

painting in the world
sold for 106.5 million
dollars in 2010
 Picasso
Portrait
Francois
Gilot
1946

The model
was Picasso’s
mistress
 Picasso
Jacqueline
with Flowers
1954

The model
was Picasso’s
second wife.
 LECTURE 7.2
Media and Elements
of Visual Arts

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 Substance or materials out of
MEDIA OF ART which the work of art is made

PAINTING Surface (Canvas), Pigment (Oil Paint)

SCULPTURE Stone, Wood, Metal, Glass

ARCHITECTURE

MUSIC Human Voice, Musical Instruments

DANCE Motion of the Human Body

LITERATURE Written or Oral Language

Theater: Action and Spoken Language

DRAMA Motion Picture/Cinema/Movie: Film
PHYSICAL AND VISUAL PARTS PAINTING

Picture-Plane

Background

Figure

Foreground

Frame
MEDIA OF
PIGMENT MEDIA
PAINTING Paints (Oil, Acrylic)
Tempera
Fresco
SURFACE MEDIA Encaustic
Canvas Ink
Wood Panel Pastel
Wall (Mural) Water Color
Paper Charcoal
Mixed Media
OIL ON
WOOD
PANEL
 Van Eyck
Arnolfini Marriage
1434

OIL ON CANVASS
First painting that
used this medium
Amorsolo
Woman with
a Jar, 1954

OIL PAINT CREATES

LUMINOUS EFFECT
ON THE CANVASS
ENAMEL OR HOUSE PAINT ON CANVAS

Pollock, Lavender Mist, 1947

FRESCO
Colored cement
on concrete wall
(palitada)

Video 7.2.

Michelangelo,
Painting in the Ceiling
of Sistine Chapel
1508-1512
Before the Restoration in the 1980’s: Colors looked pale and gave a sense of antiquity
After the Restoration in the 1980’s: Colors looked bright and gave a sense newness
FRESCO

Giotto
Adoration
of the Magi
1306
ENCAUSTIC Egyptian Paintings
 Final
Project of a
Humanities
Student

WATER
COLOR ON
PAPER
 INK ON PAPER

Leonardo, Scientific Drawing, Design of War Chariot

SANITARY
NAPKIN
ART
COFFEE PAINTING Landscape, Alexander Dart
Joseph the Artist, Talentadong Pinoy SAND PAINTING
LATTE COFFEE ART
Robert, Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake Utah, 1970
Composed of mud, sand, crystals and basalt rock.
ENVIRONMENTAL ART OR EARTHWORK
Christo
Iron Curtain
1961

INSTALLATION ART
This consists of a barricade of oil
barrels in a narrow Paris street
which caused a large traffic jam.
The artwork was not the barricade
itself but the resulting traffic jam.

CONCEPTUAL ART
The title is in reference with the
attempt of Soviet Union and its
allies to block itself from contact
with non-communist countries.
 Manzoni, Artist’s Shit, 1961

The artwork is made up of 90 tin cans, each filled with 30 grams of human feces.
As CONCEPTUAL ART, this is interpreted in relation to Karl Marx idea of commodity
fetishism in highly consumerist society. One tin can sold for 124,000 pounds in 2007.
Yoko Ono
Painting to
Hammer a Nail
1961

CONCEPTUAL ART
This consists of set of
instructions on how to
make art.
Painting to
Hammer a Nail

Anyone can do
this following the
instruction by
Yoko Ono.
Yoko Ono
Yes! 1966

John Lennon
met Yoko Ono.
ELEMENTS OF ART

PAINTING VISUAL: Points, Lines, Shape, Size, Value,

SCULPTURE Color, Texture

FORMAL: Lines, Shape, Size, Color, Space

ARCHITECTURE FUNCTIONAL: Roof, Wall, Floor

AUDITORY: Rhythm, Pitch, Melody,

MUSIC Harmony, Dynamics, Tempo, Timbre
KINESTHETIC: Body, Action, Space, Time,
DANCE Energy

LITERATURE LITERARY: Character, Theme. Plot, Point

of View, Setting, Conflict, Tone

DRAMA PERFORMATIVE: Actor, Acts, Script,

Dialogue, Scene, Props, Theater,
 VISUAL ELEMENTS OF PAINTING

Point
Line
Shape
Value
Color

Sometimes TEXTURE and SPACE are included,

but primarily they are elements of sculpture
and architecture.
 POINT
is the most basic visual element.
It has no dimension.

POINTILISM (DIVISIONISM)
by GEORGE SEURAT is a
style of painting that uses
point as the fundamental
structural element.
This is the pointillist masterpiece by Seurat, Sunday
Afternoon in the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1888
 If you look
closely at the
composition,
you will see
points.
 You see
many tiny
points.
PRINCIPLE OF
VISUAL MIXING

EYE

PIXEL
(Picture + Element)
Computer Graphics
 Made up of four million dots in 77 square
feet. It took Seurat four years to compose.
 The second visual element
of painting is LINE.

Line is one dimensional.

Structurally, it is a path
of moving point, or
points in a series.

Based on this definition, it is appropriate to say,

according to Cezanne, that “drawing is
taking a line for a walk.”
 THERE ARE THREE WAYS
OF PRODUCING LINES.

First, by actually
drawing a line.
This is how lines are
produced in graphic arts
such as in drawing,
calligraphy and drafting.
The second way of producing line is
by the INTERSECTION OF COLORS,
as in painting
 And third, lines
are produced by the
INTERSECTION OF
CONTOURS, as in
sculpture and
architecture
 Lines found in nature,
such as in a spider web.
 ZEN PAINTING
Buddhist Monk

Predominance
of lines in Japanese
calligraphy and
drawing.
 Picasso
The Camel

DRAWING
Graphic Art

Drawings made up
of lines produced
by simple strokes
of the pen.
Picasso, The Horse
Picasso, The Dove of Peace
Picasso, Drawing Study
LINES IN CHILDREN’S DRAWING

Drawings, Amanda Regina Orate

Botticelli, The Birth of Venus, 1492 LINEAR PAINTING
It is said that Boticelli painted the hair of Venus one by one,
using a very thin brush made up of a single strand.
KINDS OF LINES AND
THEIR SUGGESTIVE
EXPRESSIONS AND
MEANINGS
 VERTICAL
HORIZONTAL LINE
LINE

Suggest peace, rest, death Activity, life

Vertical lines create an Horizontal lines produce
illusion of narrowness an illusion of wideness
and tallness and shortness.
 Yuan Jiang,
Island of the
Immortals
(Penglai Shan)
1708

Oriental landscape
paintings usually have
vertical orientation
showing the height of
the world.
 Korean
Landscape
Painting
 Constable, Wivenhoe Park, Essex, 1816

Western landscape paintings usually have horizontal orientation

showing the wideness of the world.
Bierstadt, Sierra Nevada Mountain, California, 1868
 SLIDING LINE ABOVE THE HORIZON
Suggest rising up, pride, arrogance, attack

SLIDING LINE BELOW THE HORIZON

Falling down, shyness, humility, surrender
 Francisco,
Bonifacio,
1964

The lines sliding above the horizon

means “Attack!”
David
Napoleon
Crossing
the Alps

“Attack!”
 Juan Luna, Spoliarium, 1884, 7.75 x 4.25 m.

The diagonal thrust of the painting implies movement.

 Titian
Bacchus
and
Ariadne

The
intersecting
diagonals
produce
radial
balance
which
implies
movement
Thick Line Thin Line
Strength Weakness
Stability Flexibility
 THICK THIN
COLUMN COLUMN
Looks Looks
strong weak
and and
stable flexible
The THICK and THIN Mona Lisa
STRAIGHT LINE Order
Reason

CURVE LINE Motion

Emotion

BROKEN LINE Chaos

Passion
 The straight
lines create a
sense of
order.

Mondrian
Composition
with Red,
Yellow and
Blue
Riley, Waves OP ART

The curve lines

suggest motion.
 The curve lines
suggest emotion.
 Picasso, Guernica, 1937

The broken lines express the chaos and horror of war.

CURVE LINES heighten the movement of the waves

Hokusai
The Great
Wave Off
Kanagawa
1831
 Munch
The Scream

CURVE LINES
express the
emotion of
terror
BROKEN LINES
Express the
feeling of
sensuality

De Kooning
Woman in
a Bicycle
 Pollock, Black and White, 1952

In this action painting, the curve lines are traces of

the movement by the painter.
 ENVIRONMENTAL ART OR EARTHWORK
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1970, Great Salt Lake, Utah, 450 m.
 SHAPE
Boundary or the edges
of an object
 WAYS OF
MAKING SHAPE
By the boundary of a line that
closes into itself (polygon),
in drawing
By the boundary of color,
in painting.
 By the boundary of contour,
in sculpture and architecture
 KINDS
RECTILINEAR
Shapes of
objects

CURVILINEAR
(Biomorphic)
Shapes of
living things

IRREGULAR
Any possible
shape
A wonderful
shape found
in nature
A fascinating shape of an ordinary object
 Malevich
Suprematist
Composition
1914

RECTILINEAR
SHAPES look like
floating on empty
space.
People
immersed in
rectilinear
shapes suggest
the concept of
dehumanization
in cubist
paintings

Picasso
The Three
Musicians
 Picasso, Girl in
a Mirror, 1932

The curvilinear shapes

show the form of the
female body meant for
reproduction, such as
the breasts and
the womb.

The diamond shapes at

the background indicate
the female genital.
 Fernand Leger, Women in an Interior, 1921

The curvilinear shapes of the head and body suggest life.

 Albers
Homage to
a Square
1955

COLOR FIELD
PAINTING
Kandinsky
Several
Circles
1926
 Dali, Face of a Great Masturbator.

There are shapes like of melting people and objects in surrealism.

 VALUE
Refers to the application
of light and dark in the painting

Ways of
producing value
SHADING
SHADOWING
 SHADE
Dark area on the
surface of the
object
SHADOW
Dark area on
a receiving
surface
 The sunlight passing
through a window
and entering the
interior of a house, is
typical in Vermeer’s
paintings.

Vermeer
The Cook
 Vermeer
The Music
Lesson
 Vermeer
The Scientist
 Amorsolo, Fruit Pickers
under the Mango Tree

Amorsolo captures the tropical sunlight. His paintings are always

bathed with lights, and with shades and shadows.
 Amorsolo
The Market
Scene
 NORTH
Amorsolo
Ina at Anak

WEST EAST

SOUTH
CHIAROSCURO
Application of
light and dark

SFUMATO
smoky effect
which creates
a sense of
mystery.
 Leonardo
Lady with an
Ermine, 1489

The application
of chiaroscuro
enhances the
shape of the
figure.
Rembrandt
Nightwatch
1640

There is
usually the
application
of deep
chiaroscuro
in BAROQUE
paintings.
Luna, Blood Compact Dark and light enhances the solidity of figures.
 Van Gogh
Sunflower

IMPASTO
Thick paint
applied on the
canvass
COLOR
May be
considered
as the most
beautiful
visual
element
COLOR
Produced by
light striking
a surface.

Physical
Properties
HUE
VALUE
SATURATION
 COLOR
WHEEL
HUE
distinguishes
one color
from
another:
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
 VALUE
The lightness and darkness of color

Adding white to a Adding black to a

color is TINT color is SHADE
Atmospheric
Colors

Aerial
Colors

Ground
Colors

Underground
Colors
 COLOR SATURATION

LIGHT DARK MEDIUM

Dark color tends to advance. Light color tends to recede.
The most noticeable colors used in street signs.
 PAINTINGS
WITH COLORS
 In Kandinsky’s color
compositions, he expressed
the spiritual quality of art.
He also equated the colors
of painting with the sound
of music.
 Mondrian
Composition
with Red,
Yellow and
Blue

Mondrian made a
lot of variations for
this painting.
Miro, Blue 1
Malevich
White on
White
 MINIMALIST ART

Klein, Monochrome Blue, 1959 Klein, Monochrome Rose, 1959

 Mark Rothko
Untitled
1968

COLOR-FIELD
PAINTING
Painting style that
uses huge masses
of colors on the
surface.
 FAUVISM
Style of painting by
Matisse that uses
artificial colors for
stimulating effect.

Matisse
The Blue
Window
 Van Der Wayden
The Deposition, 1438

LAPIS
LAZULI
ULTRAMARINE
BLUE Most expensive color
Colors are used
naturalistically
in realistic
landscape
paintings.

Constable
The Hay Wain
 The use of
blur colors in
impressionism
indicates
movement
and passage
of time.

Monet
Impression
Sunrise
 The dominant use
of earth colors in
Renaissance paintings
relates with the view
of humanism which
emphasizes the
material world over
the spiritual.
The curving, swerving
lines of orange, red
and yellow suggests
the emotion of terror
in expressionist
painting

Symbolic use of colors in

expressionist paintings for
emotional effect.
 Picasso
The Old
Guitarist

The dominance of
blue heightens the
feeling of sadness
and suffering
expressed by the
painting.
 UE
RED
WARRIORS
Kaleidoscope World
 LECTURE 7.3
Principles of Design
and Composition

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 LESSON 24
Principles of Design
Lecture in ZHU 111
Dr. Allan C. Orate
What this
lecture is
about
 We are all familiar
with this painting
by Leonardo,
The Last Supper.
This famous Renaissance art
will introduce you to the
principles of . . .
for example
 This is called BALANCE

The next one is called FOCUSING

 In this lecture,
you will likewise learn
the following:
Harmony
Variety
Symmetry
Organization
Dominance
Centralizing
Highlighting
 ARTISTIC FORM,
ORGANIZATION
OR DESIGN
…is about
answering
the “How are
question… the elements
put together?”
To achieve formal design,
the following principles
are applied:

HARMONY
VARIETY
BALANCE
DOMINANCE
Harmony and variety are achieved by moderation.
Having just enough. Not much nor less.

LACK MODERATE EXCESS

Redundancy HARMONY Monotony

Monotony VARIETY Redundancy

Monotony and redundancy are the result of either

lack or excess. Having too much or too less.
 This design is MONOTONOUS

Because all the nine squares have the same color.

There is too much similarity and no difference.
 This design is REDUNDANT

Because all the nine squares have different colors.

There are too much differences and no similarity
 This design has HARMONY and VARIETY

Because the nine squares have three different colors

which are not more nor less.
BALANCE
…is another
principle of
design.

It is the EQUALITY in
attention or attraction
of visual elements in
the picture-plane
 Kind of balance according
to the division of picture-plane

VERTICAL Suggests
Life

Suggests
HORIZONTAL Peace
and Rest

Suggests
RADIAL Movement
 Kinds of balance according
to the placement of elements
in the picture-plane

SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRICAL

Same elements Different elements

on both sides on both sides
 Van Eyck
Arnolfini
Marriage

VERTICAL
BALANCE
Indicated
by the
downward
line of the
chandelier
Dali, Apparition of Face and Fruit Disk on a Beach

HORIZONTAL BALANCE
 RADIAL
BALANCE
Implies
movement
in the
painting

Titian
Bacchus
and
Ariane
 TRIANGULAR
COMPOSITION
Suggests
stability and
eternity like
the Egyptian
pyramids
Amorsolo
Girl with
Basket of
Fruits
Amorsolo
Girl with
a Jar
 El Greco
St. Martin
and the
Beggar

REST AND
MOVEMENT
David,
Oath of
Horatii

Three vertical divisions indicated by the columns.

Renoir Luncheon of the Boating Party

Genre and radial balance both indicate movement.

The vertical division means the social division of people
in the ancient Egyptian society.
Triangular
composition
is typical in
Florentine
paintings of
the High
Renaissance
period

Raphael
Madonna
of the
Meadows
The horizontal division in landscape paintings
suggest peace and rest.

Constable
The Hay Wain
 Castelfranco
Samson and
Delilah

SEMI-RADIAL
BALANCE
 The vertical
El Greco balance means
The Burial the division
of Count between
Orgaz heaven and
earth, between
the spiritual
and the
material.
 Picasso
Girl in a
Mirror

VERTICAL
BALANCE
Luna, Spoliarum, 1884 RADIAL BALANCE
 Amorsolo
The Sunset
 Leonardo
Madonna of
the Rocks
1496
Seurat, Sunday Afternon in the Island of Grande Jatte, 1888
Raphael, The School of Athens
Steenwyck
The Vanities of
Human Life
Botticelli, The Birth of Venus
Cezanne
Mount St.
Victoire
 Matisse
The Dance

The circular organization implies the rhythmic

movement of the dance.
Another
principle
of design
is. . .
DOMINANCE
It is a way of emphasizing
a particular element
over the others.
 THREE WAYS OF
PRODUCING DOMINANCE

CENTRALIZING
HIGHLIGHTING
FOCUSING
 CENTRALIZING
Placing at the center of the picture plane
the part to be emphasized
 HIGHLIGHTING
Use of standing size or color
on the part to be emphasized

Highlighting by size
Highlighting by color
 FOCUSING
Using elements to create movement directed
towards the part to be emphasized
CENTRALIZING
FOCUSING
 Seurat, Sunday Afternoon
in the Island of Grand Jatte

What way of producing dominance?

 Seurat, Sunday Afternoon
in the Island of Grand Jatte

HIGHLIGHTING BY SIZE
What way of producing dominance?
De Goya
The Third of
May, 1808
HIGHLIGHTING BY COLOR
De Goya
The Third of
May, 1808
 In Titian’s Bacchus and Ariande,
what way of producing dominance is applied?
The application of FOCUSING indicates the
act of movement in the painting
 The application
of focusing leads
the eye towards
the lips of the
woman.
HIGHLIGHTING
BY SIZE

In this Egyptian
painting, the bigger
scale of the pharaoh
means his superior
dignity than ordinary
people.
 Highlighting by Color

Highlighting by Size
Van Gogh, Wheatfield with Cypress, 1888

Highlighting by size and color

Botticelli, The Birth of Venus

CENTRALIZING
Landscape paintings usually have no dominance,
so that the eyes may feel relax.
NO DOMINANCE
Pollock, Black and White, 1952 NO DOMINANCE
The Afghan Girl
Cover of National
Geographic Magazine
June 1985
 What is
the
dominant
part?
 LECTURE 7.4
The Application of
Technology to Art Production

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
ART TECHNOLOGY
Benjamin (1935) Influence to art of the invention
“The Work of Art in the Age of of camera in photography and
Mechanical Reproduction” motion pictures.

Shanken (2009) Influence to art of the invention

“Art in the Information Age: of computers and information
Technology and Conceptual Art” technology.
Alexandros The surviving
of Antioch, REPRODUCTION Venus de Milo
Venus de BY SECONDARY is only a Roman
Milo, 130- copy of the
ARTISTS
100 BC original.

ORIGINAL COPY OF THE

ART ORIGINAL
This is originally not
The Mona Lisa, but only a
mechanical reproduction
by the projector! We are
appreciating not the work
of the artist, but a work
of technology!

Mechanical methods
of Art Reproduction:
FOUNDING
STAMPING
ENGRAVING
ETCHING
LITOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY
PONOGRAPH
SOFTWARE
BRONZE TERRACOTTA COINS

Ancient Greek sculptures (600-100 BC) were

mass produced by FOUNDING and STAMPING.
Durer, The Four
Horsemen from the
Apocalypse Series
1498

ENGRAVING
AND WOODCUT
A form of engraving, woodcut
is a technique in printmaking
where the artist carves an
image into the surface of a
block of wood, leaving the
printing parts level with the
surface while removing the
non-printing parts.
Rembrandt, Abraham
Entertaining the
Angels, 1656

ETCHING
The process of using
strong acid to cut into
the unprotected parts
of a metal surface to
create a design
 LITHOGRAPHY
Printing technique
where the image
is drawn with oil,
fat, or wax onto
the surface of a
limestone plate.

Video 7.3

Gastineau, Ruins with Farm Building, 1826

 PHOTOGRAPHIC
REPRODUCTION
OF ART

DAGUERREOTYPE CAMERA
Invented by Maison Susse
Frères in 1839
 MECHANICAL
REPRODUCTION
OF LIVED
THEATER

Mitchell Standard
Model 35 mm
Motion Picture
Camera, 1920’s
 MECHANICAL
REPRODUCTION
OF MUSIC

Cylinder phonograph invented

by Thomas Edison in 1889
MECHANICAL
REPRODUCTION
OF ART
“Reproduction detaches
the reproduced object
from the domain of
tradition. By making
many reproductions it
substitutes a plurality
of copies for a unique
existence.” Art has lost
its authenticity by being
mass reproduced.
(Benjamin, 1935)
EASY, INSTANT AND MASS
REPRODUCTION OF ART BY
MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Video 7.4
Advances in electronics, computing and telecommunications, and especially
the advent of the Internet, have provided tools that enable artists to
interrogate the conventional materiality and semiotic complexity of art
objects.

Information processing technology influences our notions about creativity,

perception and the limits of art. . . . It is probably not the province of
computers and other telecommunication devices to produce works of art as
we know it; but they will, in fact, be instrumental in redefining the entire
area of esthetic awareness.

(Shanken, 2009)
 LECTURE 7.5
The Art of Selfie
and Groupie

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
Rockwell, Triple
Self-Portrait
1960

SELF-PORTRAIT
Painting of the
artist made by
himself or
herself
Durer
Self-Portrait
1498
 Botticelli
Adoration of
the Magi
1475
Sandro Botticelli
(1445-1510)
 EL GRECO
Domenikos
Theotokopoulus
(1574-1614)
 El Greco
The Burial
of Count
Orgaz
1612
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1511
 Raphael,
Self-Portrait
1509
VINCENT VAN GOGH
1853-1890
 Van Gogh
Self Portraits

STYLE
Expressionism
Juan Luna
Self Portrait
1870
Picasso
Self Portrait
1907

STYLE
Cubism
 Magritte
Self-Portrait
1923

STYLE
Cubism
 Magritte
The Pilgrim
1966

STYLE
Surrealism
Frida Kalo
Self Portrait with Thorn
Necklace and
Hummingbird
1937

STYLE
Surrealism
 Warhol
Self Portrait
1967

STYLE
Pop Art
Lichtenstein
Self Portrait
1978

STYLE
Pop Art
 John Lennon
Nine Self- Portrait
1968

STYLE
Pop Art
SELFIE
CAMERA OBSCURA
First used in 1031 AD
BOX
CAMERA
1878
COMPACT
CAMERA
1939
REFLEX
CAMERA
1959
POLAROID
CAMERA
1961
ANALOG
ELECTRONIC
CAMERA
1986
 DIGITAL
CAMERA
1995
CELLPHONE
DIGITAL
CAMERA
2004
 CELLPHONE WITH
DIGITAL CAMERA WITH
SELF-FRONTING LENS
2009
 SELFIE
A self-portrait photograph,
typically taken with a digital
camera or camera phone with
self-fronting lens held in the
hand or supported by a selfie
stick (especially for posting it on
a social media website).

The word “selfie” first appeared

in an Australian Internet Forum
in September 2, 2002.

Proclaimed as the Word of the

Year in 2013 by the editors of
Oxford English Dictionary
 GROUPIE
A groupie is when a
person takes a photo
of oneself with other
people using a camera
or a phone (especially
for posting it on a
social media website).
 SELF-PORTRAITS AND SOCIAL MEDIA:
THE RISE OF THE 'SELFIE'
In http://www.bbc.com/news/
magazine-22511650

SELFIES BEYOND SELF-REPRESENTATION:

THE (THEORETICAL) F(R)ICTIONS OF A PRACTICE
By Edgar Gómez Cruz and Helen Thornham
In Journal of Aesthetics & Culture,
Vol. 7, 2015
 Rockwell, Triple
Self-Portrait
1960

Selfie as looking
at oneself in front
of the mirror
 The perception
of oneself is
conditioned by
the subconscious
wish or desire to
be beautiful
“SELFIE”

A photograph of a
woman in front of
the mirror taking a
picture of herself
using a box camera
in 1900
 “SELFIE”

Photograph of
ROBERT CONELIUS
taking a picture of
himself using a
daguerreotype
camera in 1839
 SELFIE
BROAD DEFINITION
A self-portrait photograph,
typically taken with a digital
camera or camera phone with
self-fronting lens held in the
hand or supported by a
selfie stick

STRICT DEFINITION
. . . and post it on a social
media website.
 GROUPIE
A groupie is when a
person takes a photo
of oneself with other
people using a camera
or a phone (for posting
it on a social media
website).
SELFIE IS BECOMING POPULAR

“A search on photo sharing app Instagram

retrieves over 23 million photos uploaded with
the hashtag #selfie, and a whopping 51 million
with the hashtag #me.”

“Teenagers in America are sharing more

information than ever about themselves on
social media. Of those studied, 91% post photos
of themselves online - up from 79% in 2006.”
WHY are SELFIES IS BECOMING
POPULAR IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA?

CREATION OF SELF-IDENTITY

“Selfie tells other people how we

want to be seen.”

"A selfie is an expression of an active

online identity, something you have
some control over. You might take lots,
but you'll publish the ones you like -
even if they are silly or unflattering."
TYPES OF PEOPLE WHO TEND TO HAVE A LOT OF
SELFIES POSTED IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA

Those with For SELF-AFFIRMATION

very LOW Seek to gain more
self-esteem recognition in public

Those with NARCISSISM AND VANITY

very HIGH Want to brag about their
self-esteem self-perceived beauty
 WHY HAVE A LOT OF SELFIES?

LACK OF A PERMANENT
AND FIXED SELF-DENTITY

To create images of oneself for other

people to see, but these images are
perceived to be fleeting and constantly
changing, so that they need to be
modified and revised at all times.

JUSTIN BIEBER: KING OF SELFIE

 KIM KARDASHIAN: QUEEN OF SELFIE
27 Million Instagram Followers
Posted 35 selfies to celebrate
her 35th birthday
Releases the book Selfies

SELFIES FOR VANITY AND NARCISSISM

 No or very little followers in social media
Not well recognized by relatives and
closed friends
Seek recognition from the unknown
others in the social media

SELFIES FOR SELF-AFFIRMATION

SOME
IMAGES AND
QUOTES ABOUT
SELFIES
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
ACTIVITY AND
ASSESMENT

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE