Table API 2000 - 2

2 API STANDARD 2000
3.8 petroleum: Crude oil. 4 Nonrefrigerated Aboveground Tanks

3.9 petroleum products: Hydrocarbon materials or 4.1 GENERAL
other products derived from crude oil. This section covers the normal and emergency venting
requirements for nonrefrigerated aboveground liquid petro-
3.10 PV valve: A weight-loaded, pilot-operated, or spring-
leum or petroleum products storage tanks. Discussed in this
loaded valve, used to relieve excess pressure and/or vacuum
section are the causes of overpressure or vacuum; determina-
that has developed in a tank.
tion of venting requirements; means of venting; selection,
3.11 rated relieving capacity: The flow capacity of a installation, and maintenance of venting devices; and testing
relief device expressed in terms of air flow at standard and marking of relief devices.
conditions (SCFH or Nm3/h) at a designated pressure or
vacuum. 4.2 CAUSES OF OVERPRESSURE OR VACUUM
4.2.1 General
3.12 refrigerated tank: A container that stores liquid at a
temperature below atmospheric temperature with or without "When the possible causes of overpressure or vacuum in a
the aid of refrigeration either by evaporation of the tank con- tank are being determined, the following circumstances must
tents or by a circulating refrigeration system. be considered:
3.13 relief device: Any device used to relieve excess a. Liquid movement into or out of the tank.
pressure and/or vacuum that has developed in a tank. b. Tank breathing due to weather changes (e.g., pressure and
temperature changes).
3.14 relieving pressure: The pressure at the inlet of a
c. Fire exposure.
relief device when it is flowing at the required relieving
d. Other circumstances resulting from equipment failures
capacity.
and operating errors.
3.15 required flow capacity: The flow capacity of a
relief device required to prevent excessive overpressure or Some of these circumstances are described more fully in
vacuum in a tank under the most severe operating or emer- Sections 4.2.2 through 4.2.5. There may be additional cir-
gency conditions. cumstances that should be considered by the designer but are
not included in this standard.
3.16 SCFH: Standard cubic feet of air or gas per hour
(same as free air or free gas) at a temperature of 60°F 4.2.2 Liquid Movement Into or Out of a Tank
(IS.6°C) and a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch abso-
lute (1.014 bar absolute). Inbreathing will result from the outflow of liquid from a
tank. Outbreathing will result from the inflow of liquid into a
3.17 Nm 3/h: Normal cubic meters of air or gas per hour at tank and from the vaporization, including flashing of the feed
a temperature of O°C and pressure of 1.014 bar liquid, that will occur because of the inflow of the liquid.
Flashing of the feed liquid can be significant for feed that is
3.18 set pressure: The gauge pressure at the device inlet near or above its boiling point at the pressure in the tank.
at which the relief device is set to start opening under service
conditions (measurable lift begins). 4.2.3 Weather Changes
3.19 thermal inbreathing: The movement of air or blan- Inbreathing will result from the contraction or condensa-
keting gas into a tank when vapors in the tank contract or con- tion of vapors that is caused by a decrease in atmospheric
dense as a result of weather changes conditions (e.g., a temperature or other weather changes, such as wind changes,
decrease in atmospheric temperature). precipitation, etc. Outbreathing will result from the expansion
and vaporization that is caused by an increase in atmospheric
3.20 thermal outbreathing: The movement of vapors temperature or weather changes (thermal breathing).
out of a tank when vapors in the tank expand and liquid in the
tank vaporizes as a result of weather changes (e.g., an increase 4.2.4 Fire Exposure
in atmospheric temperature).
Outbreathing will result from the expansion of the vapors
3.21 wetted area: The surface area of a tank exposed to and vaporization of the liquid that occurs when a tank absorbs
liquid on the interior and heat from a fire on the exterior. heat from an external fire.

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2 API STANDARD 2000

3.8 petroleum: Crude oil. 4 Nonrefrigerated Aboveground Tanks

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