Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia, Juni 2017 Vol.

19 (2): 55-60
ISSN 1907-1760 E-ISSN 2460-6626

Soy-Milk Waste with Soybean Meal Dietary Substitution: Effects on Growth Performance
and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

Penggantian Bungkil Kedelai dengan Ampas Susu Kedelai dalam Pakan: Pengaruhnya pada
Kinerja Pertumbuhan dan Kualitas Daging Ayam Broiler

N. D. Dono*, E. Indarto and Soeparno

Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281
*
E-mail: [email protected]
(Diterima: 23 Februari 2017; Disetujui: 12 April 2017)

ABSTRACT

Sixty male broiler chickens was used to investigate the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) with
soy-milk waste (SMW) substitution using growth performance, protein-energy efficiency ratio, and physical
meat quality as response criteria. The birds were given control diet (SMW-0), or a control diets with 5%
(SMW-1), 10% (SMW-2), and 15% (SMW-3) soy-milk waste substitutions. Each treatment was replicate 3
times, with 5 birds per replication. The obtained data were subjected to Oneway arrangement of ANOVA,
and continued subsequently with Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test. Results showed that substituting
SBM with SMW did not influence protein and energy consumption, as well as feed consumption and energy
efficiency ratio. However, dietary substitution with 10% SMW improved (P<0.05) protein efficiency ratio,
body weight gain, and slaughter weight, resulting in lower (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio. The meat pH,
water holding capacity, cooking loss, and tenderness values did not influence by 5-15% SMW substitution.
Keywords: broiler chickens, growth performance, physical meat quality, soybean meal substitution, soy-
milk waste

ABSTRAK

Enam puluh ekor ayam broiler jantan digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggantian tepung
bungkil kedelai (SBM) dengan ampas susu kedelai (SMW) dengan menggunakan kinerja pertumbuhan, rasio
efisiensi protein-energi, serta kualitas fisik daging sebagai respon kriteria yang diamati. Ayam mendapatkan
pakan kontrol (SMW-0), atau pakan kontrol dengan penggantian ampas susu kedelai sebanyak 5% (SMW-
1), 10% (SMW-2), dan 15% (SMW-3). Setiap perlakuan diberikan replikasi 3 kali, masing-masing dengan
5 ekor ayam per replikasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis statistik menggunakan Oneway
ANOVA, yang dilanjutkan dengan Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa penggantian SBM dengan SMW tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi protein dan energi, konsumsi
pakan, maupun rasio efisiensi energi. Akan tetapi, penggantian 10% SMW meningkatkan (P<0,05) rasio
efisiensi protein, pertambahan bobot badan, dan bobot potong ayam, sehingga nilai konversi pakan turun
(P<0,05). Nilai pH daging, daya ikat air, susut masak, maupun keempukan daging tidak terpengaruh oleh
penggantian 5-15% SMW.
Kata Kunci: ampas susu kedelai, ayam broiler, kinerja pertumbuhan, kualitas fisik daging, penggantian
bungkil kedelai

INTRODUCTION 2.0 kgs within 5-6 weeks. Whereas, hyline

broiler chickens breeds (such as: Ross 308,
In recent years, mid-quality broiler Ross 708, or Cobb 500) in European countries
chicken breeds (such as: New Lohmann) that and the United States can be harvested at
raised in developing South-east Asia countries weight 4.2-5.0 kgs within 9 weeks (Aviagen,
were normally harvested at body weight 1.5- 2007; Aviagen, 2014; Cobb-Vantress, 2015).

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Nowadays, good quality broiler chickens have replicate pens, with 5 birds in per replicate
very low feed conversion rate, high growth pen. The four treatments were a yellow maize
rate, and less costly nutrition. The fast growth basal diet that was formulated to meet all
of this meat-type chickens is supported by nutrient-energy requirements recommended
superior quality feed stuffs which contain high by the breeder (SMW-0; control). Soybean
quality nutrients and energy that provided in meal in the treatment diets was substituted
proper amount. with soy-milk waste (SMW) in different
Protein and amino acids which needed doses: 5% (SMW-1), 10% (SMW-2), and
for daily requirements were currently 15% (SMW-3). Each treatment was replicated
supplied by conventional protein source 3 times, with 5 birds in each replicate pen.
feed stuffs, such as: soybean meal (SBM). The diets were formulated to meet the
As a by-product in soybean oil industry, recommendations of the National Research
SBM contains not only high level of crude Council (1994) for broiler chickens. The
protein and digestible amino acids, but also ingredients and chemical compositions of the
is a good energy source for broiler chickens diets are presented in Table 1. All of the diets
(Meng and Slominski, 2005). However, price for each period were prepared with the same
of this commercial imported soybean meal batch of ingredients. Feed and drinking water
becomes higher when the monetary crises were provided for ad libitum consumption.
happens or when the national supply is low. Chicks were kept in floor pens (50 cm
Alternative locally available low-priced feed x 100 cm) equipped with a long feeder, bell
stuffs should be explored to change over the drinkers, and brooder lamps. No coccidiostat,
position of conventional high-priced poultry antibiotics, or enzymes were added to the
feedstuffs. One of the alternatives that need experimental diets. The chicks were regular
to be investigated is soy-milk waste (SMW). vaccinated at the hatchery against Infectious
SMW might be a useful candidate as this Bursal Disease, and no additional vaccinations
by-product in soy-milk industry contains were given during the study.
high quality of nutrients (O’toole, 1999), Sampling Procedures
which in turn will be beneficial in improving
Growth performance data were
quality of meat yield. There is a high trend in
presented as feed consumption, slaughter
SMW availability in the next couple of years
weight, average daily gain, and feed
due to the increase of soybean consumption
conversion ratio (FCR). Feed consumption
and import (Aimon and Satrianto, 2014). A
and slaughter weight data were taken on d 0
study must be done to explore the benefits of
and 42 for calculation of body weight gain
soybean meal dietary substitution with soy-
and FCR. The values of Protein and energy
milk waste using protein-energy efficiency,
efficiency were presented as protein intake,
growth performance, and meat quality.
energy intake, efficiency ratio (PER), and
energy efficiency ratio (EER). According to
METHODS the calculation done by Dono (2012), PER
(g/g) were calculated by dividing body weight
Birds, Housing, and Experimental Design gain (g) with protein intake (g) at the same
This study was carried out in an duration of rearing period. EER (g/100 kcal)
opened-house poultry shed at the Faculty of were calculated by multiplying body weight
Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, gain with 100, and followed by dividing the
Yogyakarta. Sixty day old New Lohmann result with gross energy intake (kcal).
male broiler chickens were assigned into 4 On day 42, two birds per replicate pen
dietary treatments in a complete randomized with body weight similar to the mean body
fashion. Each dietary treatment was given 3 weight of the pen were killed by humane

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Table 1. Ingredient composition (g/kg, as-fed basis) and calculated nutrient and energy content of
the diets used in the study.
Dietary treatments1
Item
SMW-0 SMW-1 SMW-2 SMW-3
Ingredients composition, %
Yellow maize 48.75 48.50 48.85 48.85
Rice bran 17.17 17.16 16.58 16.04
Poultry meat meal 7.50 7.05 6.98 7.52
Fish meal 6.25 7.13 7.68 7.68
Soybean meal 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00
Soy-milk waste 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
Palm kernel oil 2.10 2.10 1.94 1.95
Vitamin-mineral premix 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
Common salt 0.73 0.56 0.47 0.46
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Calculated Nutrients and Energy
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg 3057.40 3053.10 3034.70 3039.00
Crude protein, % 21.21 21.18 21.12 21.09
Crude fibre, % 3.05 3.22 3.30 3.41
Extract ether, % 4.60 4.90 4.92 4.96
L-Lysine, % 1.13 1.19 1.20 1.21
DL-Methionine, % 0.38 0.40 0.45 0.48
Calcium, % 0.77 0.79 0.83 0.86
Available Phosphorus, % 0.50 0.52 0.53 0.54
Note: Soybean meal substitution with 0% (SMW-0), 5% (SMW-1), 10% (SMW-2), 15% (SMW-3) soy-
milk waste.

slaughtering on anterior part of the neck using probability values of less than 5% (P<0.05).
very sharp blade according to Islamic Law.
The samples of breast meat were removed RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
and the meat quality traits were determined
as meat pH, water holding capacity (Hamm, Results in current study showed that
1972), cooking loss, and tenderness (Bouton SBM substitution with 5-15% SMW did
et al., 1971). not affect protein and energy intake, energy
Statistical Analyses efficiency ratio, as well as the amount of feed
Statistical analyses were conducted consumed by the birds. However, results on
with the Statistical Package for Social Science Table 2 showed that 10% SMW substitution
(SPSS for Windows Version 15; SPSS GmbH, increased (P<0.05) slaughter weight and
Munich, Germany) to determine if variables average of daily weight gain by 1.79% and
differed between groups. Growth performance, 3.53% improvements, respectively, resulting
nutrient and energy utilization, as well as meat in a lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The
quality data between groups were analyzed improvements on growth performance, as
statistically by Oneway ANOVA. Duncan’s shown in the better average of daily gain (ADG)
new Multiple Range Test was used to separate and slaughter weight, could be attributed to the
means with significant different (Steel and increased in protein efficiency ratio (Table 3).
Torrie, 1993). Significance was declared at Protein efficiency ratio (PER) – efficiency in

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Table 2. Growth performance responses of broiler chickens to soy-milk waste substitution1.

Dietary treatments2 Significance level
Variable
SMW-0 SMW-1 SMW-2 SMW-3 SED p-value
Feed intake, g/bird 2822.2 2827.1 2836.2 2841.0 7.977 0.288
Average daily gain, g/bird 1487.2b 1495.4 b
1513.8a 1524.6a 16.588 0.016
Slaughter weight, g/bird 1604.6b 1604.8 b
1661.2a 1663.8a 30.276 0.026
Feed conversion ratio 1.898a 1.891a 1.874b 1.864b 0.016 0.013
ab
Means within a row without a common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05).
1
Data represent means from 3 replicates pens of 5 birds per treatment.
2
SMW-0=basal diet with 150% SBM (control; C), SMW-1=C with 5% SBM substitution, SMW-2= C with
10% SBM substitution, SMW-3=C with 15% SBM substitution.

Table 3. Energy and protein efficiency ratios of broiler chickens which receiving diets substituted
with soy-milk waste1.
Dietary treatments2 Significance level
Variable
SMW-0 SMW-1 SMW-2 SMW-3 SED p-value
Energy Intake, kcal/bird 8629.86 8629.91 8630.91 8632.86 38.229 0.280
Protein Intake, g/bird 598.54 598.81 598.91 599.41 4.847 0.229
Energy Efficiency Ratio 17.233 17.329 17.540 17.660 0.201 0.111
Protein Efficiency Ratio 2.485b 2.497b 2.528a 2.543a 0.034 0.023
1
Data represent means from 3 replicates pens of 5 birds per treatment.
2
SMW-0=basal diet with 15% SBM (control; C), SMW-1=C with 5% SBM substitution, SMW-2= C with
10% SBM substitution, SMW-3=C with 15% SBM substitution.

the use of protein that daily consumed – shows which are required by the fast growing of the
the contribution of dietary protein intake in broiler chickens. This improvement might
improving ADG (Dono, 2012). Therefore, be the answer on why replacement of SBM
results clarify that the lower dietary protein with SMW with the level of 10% resulted in
intake in combination with the higher value lower FCR and higher average daily gain and
of ADG, the higher value of PER. As daily slaughter weight.
intake of protein is required and influential for Results in this study were in accordance
growth and body enlargement, value of PER with the results of Hickling et al. (1990) that
shows the effectiveness of protein in the diet showed addition of diets with proper levels of
for maximizing body development. methionine and lysine improved body weight
Although the SBM substitution with gain and feed efficiency of 3-6 weeks old
10% SMW reduced crude protein content, male Ross x Arbor Acres broiler chickens.
but the lysine and methionine contents of Han and Baker (1994) with the same breed of
the diet SMW-2 were increased (Table 1). broiler chickens also showed that increased
This might be due to the higher lysine and of methionine and lysine levels in the corn-
methionine contents of SMW than those of soybean meal basal diets had correlative effect
SBM (Forster et al., 2002). Substitution of with body weight gain and feed efficiency
SBM with SMW in current study therefore improvements. It has been shown in Labadan,
increased the content and availability of Jr. et al. (1991) study that lysine requirement,
essential amino acids in the experimental as percentages of total amino acid in the diet,
diets. Improvement of essential amino acids for maximum breast muscle growth were:
content in the experimental diets might then 1.32 ± 0.01% (0 to 2 wk of age), 1.21 ± 0.06%
increase the availability of micro nutrients (2 to 4 wk of age), 0.99 ± 0.02% (3 to 6 wk

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Table 4. Meat physical quality responses of broiler chickens at 35 days of age in response to soy-
milk waste substitution1.
Dietary treatments2 Significance level
Variable
SMW-0 SMW-1 SMW-2 SMW-3 SED p-value
Meat acidity (pH) 5.807 5.710 5.743 5.753 0.091 0.694
Water holding capacity 54.202 55.231 60.348 44.498 8.647 0.138
Cooking loss 27.389 29.775 29.737 33.319 4.344 0.474
Meat tenderness 1.893 1.593 2.267 2.243 0.717 0.697
Data represent means from 3 replicates pens of 5 birds per treatment.
1

SMW-0=basal diet with 15% SBM (control; C), SMW-1=C with 5% SBM substitution, SMW-2= C with
2

10% SBM substitution, SMW-3=C with 15% SBM substitution.

of age), and 0.81 ± 0.01% (5 to 8 wk of age), CONCLUSSION

while lysine content of the experimental diets
in current study was 1.13-1.21%. Soybean meal substitution in the
More over, data in Table 4 showed that diets with 10% soy-milk waste might have
no reductions were shown in meat pH, water beneficial effects in maximizing efficiency in
holding capacity, cooking loss, as well as protein utilization and growth performance,
the meat tenderness. SBM substitution with without any adverse effects on meat quality of
the rate of 5-15% SMW did not show any broiler chickens.
anfavorable effect on meat physical quality.
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