Laboratory Exercise 3: Discrete-Time Signals: Frequency-Domain Representations

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Section:
Laboratory Exercise 3
DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS: FREQUENCY-DOMAIN
REPRESENTATIONS
3.1 DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM
Project 3.1 DTFT Computation
A copy of Program P3_1 is given below:

% Program P3_1
% Evaluation of the DTFT
clf;
% Compute the frequency samples of the DTFT
w = -4*pi:8*pi/511:4*pi;
num = [2 1];den = [1 -0.6];
h = freqz(num, den, w);
% Plot the DTFT
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(w/pi,real(h));grid
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(w/pi,imag(h));grid
pause
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(w/pi,abs(h));grid
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(w/pi,angle(h));grid
Answers:
Q3.1 The expression of the DTFT being evaluated in Program P3_1 is -
pause command is – tạm dừng thực hiện chương trình cho đến khi dùng
The function of the
phím bất kì để thực hiện chương trình khác.
Q3.2 The plots generated by running Program P3_1 are shown below :
1
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
4 2
2 1
0 0
-2 -1
-4 -2
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
The DTFT is a ___ tuần hoàn liên tục________ function of .
Its period is - chu kì 2pi
The types of symmetries exhibited by the four plots are as follows :
Hình 1,2: đồ thị chẵn
Hình 3,4: đồ thị lẻ
Q3.3 The required modifications to Program P3_1 to evaluate the given DTFT of Q3.3 are given below :
% Program P3_1
clf;
w = 0*pi:8*pi/511:1*pi;
num = [0.7 -0.5 0.3 1];den = [1 0.3 -0.5 0.7];
% Plot the DTFT
subplot(2,1,1)
subplot(2,1,2)
pause
subplot(2,1,1)
subplot(2,1,2)
The plots generated by running the modified Program P3_1 are shown below :
2
1
0.5
-0.5
-1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0.5
-0.5
-1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
1.0000000000002
1.0000000000001
0.9999999999999
0.9999999999998
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2
-4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
3
The DTFT is a __hàm liên tục tuần hoàn theo biến _ ω ________ function of .
The jump in the phase spectrum is caused by -
The phase spectrum evaluated with the jump removed by the command unwrap is as given below:
< Insert MATLAB figure(s) here. Copy from figure window(s) and paste. >
Q3.4 The required modifications to Program P3_1 to evaluate the given DTFT of Q3.4 are given below :
DDĐ
The plots generated by running the modified Program P3_1 are shown below :
% Program P3_1
clf;
w = -4*pi:8*pi/511:4*pi;
num = [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17];den = [1];
% Plot the DTFT
subplot(2,1,1)
subplot(2,1,2)
pause
subplot(2,1,1)
subplot(2,1,2)
4
5
The DTFT is a ______hàm liên tục tuần hoàn theo biến ω _____ function of .
The jump in the phase spectrum is caused by -
Q3.5 The required modifications to Program P3_1 to plot the phase in degrees are indicated below :
% Program P3_1
clf;
w = -4*pi:8*pi/511:4*pi;
num = [2 1];den = [1 -0.6];
% Plot the DTFT
subplot(2,1,1)
subplot(2,1,2)
6
pause
subplot(2,1,1)
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(w/pi,(angle(h).*180)/pi);grid
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-2
-4
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
7
8
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
100
50
-50
-100
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Project 3.2 DTFT Properties
Answers:
Q3.6 The modified Program P3_2 created by adding appropriate comment statements, and adding program
statements for labeling the two axes of each plot being generated by the program is given below :
% Program P3_2
% Time-Shifting Properties of DTFT
clf;
w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi; wo = 0.4*pi; D = 10;
num = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9];
h1 = freqz(num, 1, w);
h2 = freqz([zeros(1,D) num], 1, w);
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(w/pi,abs(h1));grid
title('Magnitude Spectrum of Original Sequence')
subplot(2,2,2)
title('Magnitude Spectrum of Time-Shifted Sequence')
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(w/pi,angle(h1));grid
title('Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence')
subplot(2,2,4)
title('Phase Spectrum of Time-Shifted Sequence')
8
The parameter controlling the amount of time-shift is -D
Q3.7 The plots generated by running the modified program are given below:
Magnitude Spectrum of Original Magnitude

Sequence Spectrum of Time-Shifted Sequence
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence

Phase Spectrum of Time-Shifted Sequence
4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
From these plots we make the following observations :Sự dịch thời gian này không ảnh
hưởng lên phổ biên độ, chỉ ảnh hưởng đến phổ pha.
Q3.8 Program P3_2 was run for the following value of the time-shift – D=15
The plots generated by running the modified program are given below:
9
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
D=20
10
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
From these plots we make the following observations : Sự dịch thời gian này không ảnh hưởng
lên phổ biên độ, chỉ ảnh hưởng đến phổ pha.
Q3.9 Program P3_2 was run for the following values of the time-shift and for the following values of length
for the sequence -
% Program P3_2
clf;
w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi; wo = 0.4*pi; D = 20;
num = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5];
subplot(2,2,1)
subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,2,3)
subplot(2,2,4)
11

60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
% Program P3_2
clf;
w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi; wo = 0.4*pi; D = 15;
num = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 8 5 4];
subplot(2,2,1)
subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,2,3)
subplot(2,2,4)
12
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
From these plots we make the following observations : Sự dịch thời gian này không ảnh hưởng
lên phổ biên độ, chỉ ảnh hưởng đến phổ pha.
Q3.14 The modified Program P3_4 created by adding appropriate comment statements, and adding program
statements for labeling the two axes of each plot being generated by the program is given below :
% Program P3_4
% Convolution Property of DTFT
clf;
w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi;
x1 = [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17];
x2 = [1 -2 3 -2 1];
y = conv(x1,x2);
h1 = freqz(x1, 1, w);
h2 = freqz(x2, 1, w);
hp = h1.*h2;
h3 = freqz(y,1,w);
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(w/pi,abs(hp));grid
title('Product of Magnitude Spectra')
subplot(2,2,2)
13
title('Magnitude Spectrum of Convolved Sequence')
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(w/pi,angle(hp));grid
title('Sum of Phase Spectra')
subplot(2,2,4)
title('Phase Spectrum of Convolved Sequence')
Q3.15 The plots generated by running the modified program are given below:
Product of Magnitude Spectra

Magnitude Spectrum of Convolved Sequence
100 100
50 50
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Sum of Phase Spectra Phase Spectrum of Convolved Sequence

4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
From these plots we make the following observations : phổ biên độ, phổ pha cả 2 trường hợp
giống nhau
Q3.16 Program P3_4 was run for the following two different sets of sequences of varying lengths -
% Program P3_4
clf;
w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi;
x1 = [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19];
14
x2 = [1 -2 3 -2 1 5];
y = conv(x1,x2);
h1 = freqz(x1, 1, w);
h2 = freqz(x2, 1, w);
hp = h1.*h2;
h3 = freqz(y,1,w);
subplot(2,2,1)
subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,2,3)
subplot(2,2,4)

600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
% Program P3_4
clf;
w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi;
x1 = [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 14];
x2 = [1 -2 3 -2 1 8];
y = conv(x1,x2);
h1 = freqz(x1, 1, w);
15
h2 = freqz(x2, 1, w);
hp = h1.*h2;
h3 = freqz(y,1,w);
subplot(2,2,1)
subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,2,3)
subplot(2,2,4)

1000 1000
500 500
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
From these plots we make the following observations : phổ biên độ, phổ pha cả 2 trường hợp giống nhau
Q3.17 calculates the 5 point DFT of the sequence
16
X(n)= {1,1,0,0,1}
N=5;
n=0:N-1;
x=[1 1 0 0 1];
K=n;
xK=fft(x,N);
subplot(2,1,1)
stem(n,x)
subplot(2,1,2)
stem(K,abs(xK))
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Q3.18 calculates the 20 point DFT of the sequence

clf;
N=20;
n=0:19;
x=[ones(1,5) zeros(1,15)];
k=n;
xk=fft(x,N);
subplot(2,1,1);
17
stem(n,x);
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(k,abs(xk));
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
18

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3.1 DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM

Project 3.1 DTFT Computation

A copy of Program P3_1 is given below:

Q3.1 The expression of the DTFT being evaluated in Program P3_1 is -

The DTFT is a ___ tuần hoàn liên tục________ function of .

Its period is - chu kì 2pi

The types of symmetries exhibited by the four plots are as follows :

Hình 1,2: đồ thị chẵn

Hình 3,4: đồ thị lẻ

Its period is - chu kì 2pi

The jump in the phase spectrum is caused by -

Its period is - chu kì 2pi

The jump in the phase spectrum is caused by -

Project 3.2 DTFT Properties

Magnitude Spectrum of Original Magnitude

Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence

Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence

Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence

Magnitude Spectrum of Original Magnitude

Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence

Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence

Product of Magnitude Spectra

Sum of Phase Spectra Phase Spectrum of Convolved Sequence

Product of Magnitude Spectra

Sum of Phase Spectra Phase Spectrum of Convolved Sequence

Product of Magnitude Spectra

Sum of Phase Spectra Phase Spectrum of Convolved Sequence

Q3.17 calculates the 5 point DFT of the sequence

Q3.18 calculates the 20 point DFT of the sequence

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The DTFT is a _ tuần hoàn liên tục______ function of .