BSDA

Package ‘BSDA’
July 30, 2017

Type Package
Title Basic Statistics and Data Analysis
Version 1.2.0
Date 2017-07-29
LazyData yes
Maintainer Alan T. Arnholt <[email protected]>
Description Data sets for book ``Basic Statistics and Data Analysis'' by
Larry J. Kitchens.
Depends lattice, R (>= 2.10)
Imports e1071
License GPL (>= 2)
Suggests ggplot2 (>= 2.1.0), dplyr, tidyr
RoxygenNote 6.0.1
NeedsCompilation no
Author Alan T. Arnholt [aut, cre],
Ben Evans [aut]
Repository CRAN
Date/Publication 2017-07-30 15:35:13 UTC
R topics documented:
Abbey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Abc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Abilene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Ability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Achieve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Adsales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Aggress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1
2 R topics documented:
Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Airdisasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Airline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Allergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Anesthet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Anxiety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Apolipop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Append . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Appendec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Aptitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Archaeo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Arthriti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Artifici . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Asprin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Asthmati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Attorney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Autogear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Backtoback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Bbsalaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Bigten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Blackedu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Bones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Bookstor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Bumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Censored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Challeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chemist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chesapea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chevy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Chipavg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Cigar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Cigarett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
CIsim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
R topics documented: 3
Citrus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Coaxial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Coins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Commute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Correlat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Counsel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Cpi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Darwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Defectiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Depend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Develop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Devmath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Diplomat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Dogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Domestic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Dopamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Dowjones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Drug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Dyslexia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Earthqk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
EDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Educat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Eggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Epaminicompact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Epatwoseater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Executiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Faithful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Ferraro1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Ferraro2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Fertility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Firstchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Fitness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Florida2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Framingh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Freshman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Funeral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Galaxie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Gallup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
German . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Governor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Gpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Greenriv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Grnriv2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Groupabc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Gym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Habits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Haptoglo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Hodgkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Homework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Honda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Hostile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Hurrican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Iceberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Independent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Indian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Indiapol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Indy500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Inflatio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Inletoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Inmate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Inspect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Insulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Iqgpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Irises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Jdpower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Jobsat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Kidsmoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Kilowatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Kinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Laminect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Lethal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Lifespan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Ligntmonth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Lodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Longtail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Lowabil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Magnesiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Malpract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Marked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Mathcomp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Mathpro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Maze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Mental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Metrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Miller1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Monoxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Movie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Nascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Nervous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Newsstand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Nfldraf2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Nfldraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
normarea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
nsize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
ntester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Orange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Orioles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Oxytocin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Parented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Patrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Pearson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Poison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Politic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Pollutio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Porosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Precinct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Prejudic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Presiden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Prognost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Psat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Psych . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Puerto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Rainks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Randd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Rat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Readiq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Referend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Rehab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Remedial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Rentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Ronbrown1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Ronbrown2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Salary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Salinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Sat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Schizop2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Schizoph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Seatbelt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Selfdefe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Senior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Shkdrug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Shoplift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Shuttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
SIGN.test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Simpson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Situp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Skewed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Slc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Smokyph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Snore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Social . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Sophomor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Spellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Spouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
SRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Stable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Statclas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Statelaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Statisti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Submarin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Subway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Sunspot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Superbowl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Supercar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Tablrock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Tenness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Tensile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Test1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Thermal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Tiaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
8 Abbey
Ticket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Toaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Tonsils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Tort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Toxic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Track15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
tsum.test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Tv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Twin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Undergrad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Vacation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Vaccine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Verbal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Victoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Viscosit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Visual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Vocab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Wastewat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Weather94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Windmill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Wins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Wool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Yearsunspot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
z.test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
zsum.test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Index 276
Abbey Daily price returns (in pence) of Abbey National shares between
7/31/91 and 10/8/91
Description
Data used in problem 6.39
Usage
Abbey
Abc 9
Format
A data frame/tibble with 50 observations on one variable
price daily price returns (in pence) of Abbey National shares
Source
Buckle, D. (1995), Bayesian Inference for Stable Distributions, Journal of the American Statistical
Association, 90, 605-613.
References
Kitchens, L. J. (2003) Basic Statistics and Data Analysis. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, a divi-
sion of Thomson Learning.
Examples
qqnorm(Abbey$price)
qqline(Abbey$price)
t.test(Abbey$price, mu = 300)
hist(Abbey$price, main = "Exercise 6.39",
xlab = "daily price returns (in pence)",
col = "blue")
Abc Three samples to illustrate analysis of variance
Description
Data used in Exercise 10.1
Usage
Abc
Format
A data frame/tibble with 54 observations on two variables
response a numeric vector

group a character vector A, B, and C
References
10 Abilene
Examples
boxplot(response ~ group, col=c("red", "blue", "green"), data = Abc )

anova(lm(response ~ group, data = Abc))
Abilene Crimes reported in Abilene, Texas
Description
Data used in Exercise 1.23 and 2.79
Usage
Abilene
Format
A data frame/tibble with 16 observations on three variables
crimetype a character variable with values Aggravated assault, Arson, Burglary, Forcible rape,
Larceny theft, Murder, Robbery, and Vehicle theft.
year a factor with levels 1992 and 1999
number number of reported crimes
Source
Uniform Crime Reports, US Dept. of Justice.
References
Examples
par(mfrow = c(2, 1))

barplot(Abilene$number[Abilene$year=="1992"],
names.arg = Abilene$crimetype[Abilene$year == "1992"],
main = "1992 Crime Stats", col = "red")
barplot(Abilene$number[Abilene$year=="1999"],
names.arg = Abilene$crimetype[Abilene$year == "1999"],
main = "1999 Crime Stats", col = "blue")
## Not run:
Ability 11
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Abilene, aes(x = crimetype, y = number, fill = year)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "dodge") +
theme_bw() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 30, hjust = 1))
## End(Not run)
Ability Perceived math ability for 13-year olds by gender
Description
Usage
Ability
Format
gender a factor with levels girls and boys

ability a factor with levels hopeless, belowavg, average, aboveavg, and superior
References
Examples
CT <- xtabs(~gender + ability, data = Ability)

CT
chisq.test(CT)
12 Abortion
Abortion Abortion rate by region of country
Description
Usage
Abortion
Format
A data frame/tibble with 51 observations on the following 10 variables:
state a character variable with values alabama, alaska, arizona, arkansas, california, colorado,
connecticut, delaware, dist of columbia, florida, georgia, hawaii, idaho, illinois,
indiana, iowa, kansas, kentucky, louisiana, maine, maryland, massachusetts, michigan,
minnesota, mississippi, missouri, montana, nebraska, nevada, new hampshire, new jersey,
new mexico, new york, north carolina, north dakota, ohio, oklahoma, oregon, pennsylvania,
rhode island, south carolina, south dakota, tennessee, texas, utah, vermont, virginia,
washington, west virginia, wisconsin, and wyoming
region a character variable with values midwest northeast south west
regcode a numeric vector
rate1988 a numeric vector
provide1988 a numeric vector
provide1992 a numeric vector
lowhigh a numeric vector
rate a factor with levels Low and High
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~region + rate, data = Abortion)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
Absent 13
Absent Number of absent days for 20 employees
Description
Usage
Absent
Format
days days absent
References
Examples
CT <- xtabs(~ days, data = Absent)

CT
barplot(CT, col = "pink", main = "Exercise 1.28")
plot(ecdf(Absent$days), main = "ECDF")
Achieve Math achievement test scores by gender for 25 high school students
Description
Data used in Example 7.14 and Exercise 10.7
Usage
Achieve
Format
score mathematics achiement score
gender a factor with 2 levels boys and girls
14 Adsales
References
Examples
anova(lm(score ~ gender, data = Achieve))

t.test(score ~ gender, var.equal = TRUE, data = Achieve)
Adsales Number of ads versus number of sales for a retailer of satellite dishes
Description
Usage
Adsales
Format
A data frame/tibble with six observations on three variables
month a character vector listing month

ads a numeric vector containing number of ads
sales a numeric vector containing number of sales
References
Examples
plot(sales ~ ads, data = Adsales, main = "Exercise 9.15")

mod <- lm(sales ~ ads, data = Adsales)
abline(mod, col = "red")
summary(mod)
predict(mod, newdata = data.frame(ads = 6), interval = "conf", level = 0.99)
Aggress 15
Aggress Agressive tendency scores for a group of teenage members of a street

gang
Description
Data used in Exercises 1.66 and 1.81
Usage
Aggress
Format
aggres measure of aggresive tendency, ranging from 10-50
References
Examples
with(data = Aggress,
EDA(aggres))
# OR
IQR(Aggress$aggres)
diff(range(Aggress$aggres))
Aid Monthly payments per person for families in the AFDC federal pro-
gram
Description
Data used in Exercises 1.91 and 3.68
Usage
Aid
16 Aids
Format
state a factor with levels Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut,
Delaware, District of Colunbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missour, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico,
New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia,
Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming
payment average monthly payment per person in a family
Source
US Department of Health and Human Services, 1993.
References
Examples
hist(Aid$payment, xlab = "payment", main =

"Average monthly payment per person in a family",
col = "lightblue")
boxplot(Aid$payment, col = "lightblue")
dotplot(state ~ payment, data = Aid)
Aids Incubation times for 295 patients thought to be infected with HIV by a
blood transfusion
Description
Usage
Aids
Format
duration time (in months) from HIV infection to the clinical manifestation of full-blown AIDS
age age (in years) of patient
group a numeric vector
Airdisasters 17
Source
Kalbsleich, J. and Lawless, J., (1989), An analysis of the data on transfusion related AIDS, Journal
of the American Statistical Association, 84, 360-372.
References
Examples
with(data = Aids,
EDA(duration)
)
with(data = Aids,
t.test(duration, mu = 30, alternative = "greater")
)
with(data = Aids,
SIGN.test(duration, md = 24, alternative = "greater")
)
Airdisasters Aircraft disasters in five different decades
Description
Usage
Airdisasters
Format
A data frame /tibble with 141 observations on the following seven variables
year a numeric vector indicating the year of an aircraft accident

deaths a numeric vector indicating the number of deaths of an aircraft accident
decade a character vector indicating the decade of an aircraft accident
Source
2000 World Almanac and Book of Facts.
18 Airline
References
Examples
par(las = 1)
stripchart(deaths ~ decade, data = Airdisasters,
subset = decade != "1930s" & decade != "1940s",
method = "stack", pch = 19, cex = 0.5, col = "red",
main = "Aircraft Disasters 1950 - 1990",
xlab = "Number of fatalities")
par(las = 0)
Airline Percentage of on-time arrivals and number of complaints for 11 air-

lines
Description
Data for Example 2.9
Usage
Airline
Format
airline a charater variable with values Alaska, Amer West, American, Continental, Delta,
Northwest, Pan Am, Southwest, TWA, United, and USAir
ontime a numeric vector
complaints complaints per 1000 passengers
Source
Transportation Department.
References
Alcohol 19
Examples
with(data = Airline,
barplot(complaints, names.arg = airline, col = "lightblue",
las = 2)
)
plot(complaints ~ ontime, data = Airline, pch = 19, col = "red",
xlab = "On time", ylab = "Complaints")
Alcohol Ages at which 14 female alcoholics began drinking
Description
Usage
Alcohol
Format
age age when individual started drinking
References
Examples
qqnorm(Alcohol$age)
qqline(Alcohol$age)
SIGN.test(Alcohol$age, md = 20, conf.level = 0.99)
20 Anesthet
Allergy Allergy medicines by adverse events
Description
Usage
Allergy
Format
event a factor with levels insomnia, headache, and drowsiness

medication a factor with levels seldane-d, pseudoephedrine, and placebo
Source
Marion Merrel Dow, Inc. Kansas City, Mo. 64114.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~event + medication, data = Allergy)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
Anesthet Recovery times for anesthetized patients
Description
Usage
Anesthet
Anxiety 21
Format
A with 10 observations on one variable
recover recovery time (in hours)
References
Examples
qqnorm(Anesthet$recover)
qqline(Anesthet$recover)
with(data = Anesthet,
t.test(recover, conf.level = 0.90)$conf
)
Anxiety Math test scores versus anxiety scores before the test
Description
Usage
Anxiety
Format
anxiety anxiety score before a major math test

math math test score
References
22 Apolipop
Examples
plot(math ~ anxiety, data = Anxiety, ylab = "score",

main = "Exercise 2.96")
with(data = Anxiety,
cor(math, anxiety)
)
linmod <- lm(math ~ anxiety, data = Anxiety)
abline(linmod, col = "purple")
summary(linmod)
Apolipop Level of apolipoprotein B and number of cups of coffee consumed per

day for 15 adult males
Description
Data used in Examples 9.2 and 9.9
Usage
Apolipop
Format
coffee number of cups of coffee per day
apolipB level of apoliprotein B
References
Examples
plot(apolipB ~ coffee, data = Apolipop)

linmod <- lm(apolipB ~ coffee, data = Apolipop)
summary(linmod)
summary(linmod)$sigma
anova(linmod)
anova(linmod)[2, 3]^.5
plot(linmod)
Append 23
Append Median costs of an appendectomy at 20 hospitals in North Carolina
Description
Data for Exercise 1.119
Usage
Append
Format
fee fees for an appendectomy for a random sample of 20 hospitals in North Carolina
Source
North Carolina Medical Database Commission, August 1994.
References
Examples
fee <- Append$fee

ll <- mean(fee) - 2*sd(fee)
ul <- mean(fee) + 2*sd(fee)
limits <-c(ll, ul)
limits
fee[fee < ll | fee > ul]
Appendec Median costs of appendectomies at three different types of North Car-

olina hospitals
Description
Usage
Appendec
24 Aptitude
Format
cost median costs of appendectomies at hospitals across the state of North Carolina in 1992
region a vector classifying each hospital as rural, regional, or metropolitan
Source
Consumer’s Guide to Hospitalization Charges in North Carolina Hospitals (August 1994), North
Carolina Medical Database Commission, Department of Insurance.
References
Examples
boxplot(cost ~ region, data = Appendec, col = c("red", "blue", "cyan"))

anova(lm(cost ~ region, data = Appendec))
Aptitude Aptitude test scores versus productivity in a factory
Description
Data for Exercises 2.1, 2.26, 2.35 and 2.51
Usage
Aptitude
Format
aptitude aptitude test scores

product productivity scores
References
Archaeo 25
Examples
plot(product ~ aptitude, data = Aptitude, main = "Exercise 2.1")

model1 <- lm(product ~ aptitude, data = Aptitude)
model1
abline(model1, col = "red", lwd=3)
resid(model1)
fitted(model1)
cor(Aptitude$product, Aptitude$aptitude)
Archaeo Radiocarbon ages of observations taken from an archaeological site
Description
Data for Exercises 5.120, 10.20 and Example 1.16
Usage
Archaeo
Format
age number of years before 1983 - the year the data were obtained
phase Ceramic Phase numbers
Source
Cunliffe, B. (1984) and Naylor and Smith (1988).
References
Examples
boxplot(age ~ phase, data = Archaeo, col = "yellow",

main = "Example 1.16", xlab = "Ceramic Phase", ylab = "Age")
anova(lm(age ~ as.factor(phase), data= Archaeo))
26 Artifici
Arthriti Time of relief for three treatments of arthritis
Description
Usage
Arthriti
Format
A data frame/tibblewith 51 observations on two variables
time time (measured in days) until an arthritis sufferer experienced relief
treatment a factor with levels A, B, and C
References
Examples
boxplot(time ~ treatment, data = Arthriti,

col = c("lightblue", "lightgreen", "yellow"),
ylab = "days")
anova(lm(time ~ treatment, data = Arthriti))
Artifici Durations of operation for 15 artificial heart transplants
Description
Usage
Artifici
Format
duration duration (in hours) for transplant
Asprin 27
References
Examples
stem(Artifici$duration, 2)
summary(Artifici$duration)
values <- Artifici$duration[Artifici$duration < 6.5]
values
summary(values)
Asprin Dissolving time versus level of impurities in aspirin tablets
Description
Usage
Asprin
Format
time time (in seconds) for aspirin to dissolve

impurity impurity of an ingredient with levels 1%, 5%, and 10%
References
Examples
boxplot(time ~ impurity, data = Asprin,

col = c("red", "blue", "green"))
28 Attorney
Asthmati Asthmatic relief index on nine subjects given a drug and a placebo
Description
Usage
Asthmati
Format
A data frame/tibble with nine observations on three variables
drug asthmatic relief index for patients given a drug

placebo asthmatic relief index for patients given a placebo
difference difference between the placebo and drug
References
Examples
qqnorm(Asthmati$difference)
qqline(Asthmati$difference)
shapiro.test(Asthmati$difference)
with(data = Asthmati,
t.test(placebo, drug, paired = TRUE, mu = 0, alternative = "greater")
)
Attorney Number of convictions reported by U.S. attorney’s offices
Description
Data for Example 2.2 and Exercises 2.43 and 2.57
Usage
Attorney
Autogear 29
Format
staff U.S. attorneys’ office staff per 1 million population

convict U.S. attorneys’ office convictions per 1 million population
district a factor with levels Albuquerque, Alexandria, Va, Anchorage, Asheville,NC, Atlanta,
Baltimore, Baton Rouge, Billings, Mt, Birmingham, Al, Boise, Id, Boston, Buffalo,
Burlington, Vt, Cedar Rapids, Charleston, WVA, Cheyenne, Wy, Chicago, Cincinnati,
Cleveland, Columbia, SC, Concord, NH, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, East St. Louis,
Fargo, ND, Fort Smith, Ark, Fort Worth, Grand Rapids, Mi, Greensboro, NC,
Honolulu, Houston, Indianapolis, Jackson, Miss, Kansas City, Knoxville, Tn, Las Vegas,
Lexington,Ky, Little Rock, Los Angeles, Louisville, Memphis, Miami, Milwaukee,
Minneapolis, Mobile, Ala, Montgomery, Ala, Muskogee, Ok, Nashville, New Haven,Conn,
New Orleans, New York (Brooklyn), New York (Manhattan), Newark, NJ, Oklahoma City,
Omaha, Oxford, Miss, Pensacola, Fl, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Portland, Maine,
Portland, Ore, Providence, RI, Raleigh, NC, Roanoke, Va, Sacramento, Salt Lake City,
San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, Savannah, Ga, Scranton, Pa, Seattle,
Shreveport, La, Sioux Falls, SD, South Bend, Ind, Spokane, Wash ,Springfield, Ill,
St. Louis, Syracuse, NY, Tampa, Topeka, Kan, Tulsa, Tyler, Tex, Washington, Wheeling, WVa,
and Wilmington,Del
References
Examples
par(mfrow=c(1, 2))
plot(convict ~ staff, data = Attorney, main = "With Washington, D.C.")
plot(convict[-86] ~staff[-86], data = Attorney,
main = "Without Washington, D.C.")
par(mfrow=c(1, 1))
Autogear Number of defective auto gears produced by two manufacturers
Description
Usage
Autogear
30 Backtoback
Format
defectives number of defective gears in the production of 100 gears per day
manufacturer a factor with levels A and B
References
Examples
t.test(defectives ~ manufacturer, data = Autogear)

wilcox.test(defectives ~ manufacturer, data = Autogear)
t.test(defectives ~ manufacturer, var.equal = TRUE, data = Autogear)
Backtoback Illustrates inferences based on pooled t-test versus Wilcoxon rank sum
test
Description
Usage
Backtoback
Format
score a numeric vector
References
Examples
wilcox.test(score ~ group, data = Backtoback)

t.test(score ~ group, data = Backtoback)
Bbsalaries 31
Bbsalaries Baseball salaries for members of five major league teams
Description
Usage
Bbsalaries
Format
salary 1999 salary for baseball player

team a factor with levels Angels, Indians, Orioles, Redsoxs, and Whitesoxs
References
Examples
stripchart(salary ~ team, data = Bbsalaries, method = "stack",

pch = 19, col = "blue", cex = 0.75)
title(main = "Major League Salaries")
Bigten Graduation rates for student athletes and nonathletes in the Big Ten
Conf.
Description
Data for Exercises 1.124 and 2.94
Usage
Bigten
32 Biology
Format
A data frame/tibble with 44 observations on the following four variables
school a factor with levels Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Michigan State, Minnesota,
Northwestern, Ohio State, Penn State, Purdue, and Wisconsin
rate graduation rate
year factor with two levels 1984-1985 and 1993-1994
status factor with two levels athlete and student
Source
NCAA Graduation Rates Report, 2000.
References
Examples
boxplot(rate ~ status, data = subset(Bigten, year = "1993-1994"),

horizontal = TRUE, main = "Graduation Rates 1993-1994")
with(data = Bigten,
tapply(rate, list(year, status), mean)
)
Biology Test scores on first exam in biology class
Description
Usage
Biology
Format
score test scores on the first test in a beginning biology class
References
Birth 33
Examples
hist(Biology$score, breaks = "scott", col = "brown", freq = FALSE,

main = "Problem 1.49", xlab = "Test Score")
lines(density(Biology$score), lwd=3)
Birth Live birth rates in 1990 and 1998 for all states
Description
Usage
Birth
Format
state a character with levels Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut,
rate live birth rates per 1000 population
Source
National Vital Statistics Report, 48, March 28, 2000, National Center for Health Statistics.
References
34 Blackedu
Examples
rate1998 <- subset(Birth, year == "1998", select = rate)

stem(x = rate1998$rate, scale = 2)
hist(rate1998$rate, breaks = seq(10.9, 21.9, 1.0), xlab = "1998 Birth Rate",
main = "Figure 1.14 in BSDA", col = "pink")
hist(rate1998$rate, breaks = seq(10.9, 21.9, 1.0), xlab = "1998 Birth Rate",
main = "Figure 1.16 in BSDA", col = "pink", freq = FALSE)
lines(density(rate1998$rate), lwd = 3)
rm(rate1998)
Blackedu Education level of blacks by gender
Description
Usage
Blackedu
Format
gender a factor with levels Female and Male

education a factor with levels High school dropout, High school graudate, Some college,
Bachelor’s degree, and Graduate degree
Source
Bureau of Census data.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~gender + education, data = Blackedu)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
Blood 35
Blood Blood pressure of 15 adult males taken by machine and by an expert
Description
Usage
Blood
Format
A data frame/tibble with 15 observations on the following two variables
machine blood pressure recorded from an automated blood pressure machine

expert blood pressure recorded by an expert using an at-home device
References
Examples
DIFF <- Blood$machine - Blood$expert

shapiro.test(DIFF)
qqnorm(DIFF)
qqline(DIFF)
rm(DIFF)
t.test(Blood$machine, Blood$expert, paired = TRUE)
Board Incomes of board members from three different universities
Description
Usage
Board
36 Bones
Format
salary 1999 salary (in $1000) for board directors

university a factor with levels A, B, and C
References
Examples
boxplot(salary ~ university, data = Board, col = c("red", "blue", "green"),

ylab = "Income")
tapply(Board$salary, Board$university, summary)
anova(lm(salary ~ university, data = Board))
## Not run:
library(dplyr)
dplyr::group_by(Board, university) %>%
summarize(Average = mean(salary))
## End(Not run)
Bones Bone density measurements of 35 physically active and 35 non-active

women
Description
Usage
Bones
Format
density bone density measurements

group a factor with levels active and nonactive
References
Books 37
Examples
t.test(density ~ group, data = Bones, alternative = "greater")

t.test(rank(density) ~ group, data = Bones, alternative = "greater")
wilcox.test(density ~ group, data = Bones, alternative = "greater")
Books Number of books read and final spelling scores for 17 third graders
Description
Usage
Books
Format
book number of books read

spelling spelling score
References
Examples
plot(spelling ~ book, data = Books)

mod <- lm(spelling ~ book, data = Books)
summary(mod)
abline(mod, col = "blue", lwd = 2)
38 Brain
Bookstor Prices paid for used books at three different bookstores
Description
Data for Exercise 10.30 and 10.31
Usage
Bookstor
Format
dollars money obtained for selling textbooks

store a factor with levels A, B, and C
References
Examples
boxplot(dollars ~ store, data = Bookstor,

col = c("purple", "lightblue", "cyan"))
kruskal.test(dollars ~ store, data = Bookstor)
Brain Brain weight versus body weight of 28 animals
Description
Data for Exercises 2.15, 2.44, 2.58 and Examples 2.3 and 2.20
Usage
Brain
Bumpers 39
Format
species a factor with levels African elephant, Asian Elephant, Brachiosaurus, Cat, Chimpanzee,
Cow, Diplodocus, Donkey, Giraffe, Goat, Gorilla, Gray wolf, Guinea Pig, Hamster,
Horse, Human, Jaguar, Kangaroo, Mole, Mouse, Mt Beaver, Pig, Potar monkey, Rabbit,
Rat, Rhesus monkey, Sheep, and Triceratops
bodyweight body weight (in kg)
brainweight brain weight (in g)
Source
P. Rousseeuw and A. Leroy, Robust Regression and Outlier Detection (New York: Wiley, 1987).
References
Examples
plot(log(brainweight) ~ log(bodyweight), data = Brain,

pch = 19, col = "blue", main = "Example 2.3")
mod <- lm(log(brainweight) ~ log(bodyweight), data = Brain)
abline(mod, lty = "dashed", col = "blue")
Bumpers Repair costs of vehicles crashed into a barrier at 5 miles per hour
Description
Usage
Bumpers
Format
car a factor with levels Buick Century, Buick Skylark, Chevrolet Cavalier, Chevrolet Corsica,
Chevrolet Lumina, Dodge Dynasty, Dodge Monaco, Ford Taurus, Ford Tempo, Honda Accord,
Hyundai Sonata, Mazda 626, Mitsubishi Galant, Nissan Stanza, Oldsmobile Calais,
Oldsmobile Ciere, Plymouth Acclaim, Pontiac 6000, Pontiac Grand Am, Pontiac Sunbird,
Saturn SL2, Subaru Legacy, and Toyota Camry
40 Bus
repair total repair cost (in dollars) after crashing a car into a barrier four times while the car was
traveling at 5 miles per hour
Source
Insurance Institute of Highway Safety.
References
Examples
EDA(Bumpers$repair)
stripchart(Bumpers$repair, method = "stack", pch = 19, col = "blue")
library(lattice)
dotplot(car ~ repair, data = Bumpers)
Bus Attendance of bus drivers versus shift
Description
Usage
Bus
Format
attendance a factor with levels absent and present
shift a factor with levels am, noon, pm, swing, and split
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~attendance + shift, data = Bus)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
Bypass 41
Bypass Median charges for coronary bypass at 17 hospitals in North Carolina
Description
Usage
Bypass
Format
hospital a factor with levels Carolinas Med Ct, Duke Med Ct, Durham Regional, Forsyth Memorial,
Frye Regional, High Point Regional, Memorial Mission, Mercy, Moore Regional,
Moses Cone Memorial, NC Baptist, New Hanover Regional, Pitt Co. Memorial,
Presbyterian, Rex, Univ of North Carolina, and Wake County
charge median charge for coronary bypass
Source
References
Examples
EDA(Bypass$charge)
t.test(Bypass$charge, conf.level=.90)$conf
t.test(Bypass$charge, mu = 35000)
42 Cabinets
Cabinets Estimates of costs of kitchen cabinets by two suppliers on 20 prospec-

tive homes
Description
Usage
Cabinets
Format
home a numeric vector

supplA estimate for kitchen cabinets from supplier A (in dollars)
supplB estimate for kitchen cabinets from supplier A (in dollars)
References
Examples
DIF <- Cabinets$supplA - Cabinets$supplB

qqnorm(DIF)
qqline(DIF)
shapiro.test(DIF)
with(data = Cabinets,
t.test(supplA, supplB, paired = TRUE)
)
with(data = Cabinets,
wilcox.test(supplA, supplB, paired = TRUE)
)
rm(DIF)
Cancer 43
Cancer Survival times of terminal cancer patients treated with vitamin C
Description
Usage
Cancer
Format
survival survival time (in days) of terminal patients treated with vitamin C
type a factor indicating type of cancer with levels breast, bronchus, colon, ovary, and stomach
Source
Cameron, E and Pauling, L. 1978. “Supplemental Ascorbate in the Supportive Treatment of Can-
cer.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 75, 4538-4542.
References
Examples
boxplot(survival ~ type, Cancer, col = "blue")

stomach <- Cancer$survival[Cancer$type == "stomach"]
bronchus <- Cancer$survival[Cancer$type == "bronchus"]
boxplot(stomach, ylab = "Days")
SIGN.test(stomach, md = 100, alternative = "greater")
SIGN.test(bronchus, md = 100, alternative = "greater")
rm(bronchus, stomach)
44 Cat
Carbon Carbon monoxide level measured at three industrial sites
Description
Usage
Carbon
Format
CO carbon monoxide measured (in parts per million)
site a factor with levels SiteA, SiteB, and SiteC
References
Examples
boxplot(CO ~ site, data = Carbon, col = "lightgreen")

kruskal.test(CO ~ site, data = Carbon)
Cat Reading scores on the California achievement test for a group of 3rd
graders
Description
Usage
Cat
Format
score reading score on the California Achievement Test
Censored 45
References
Examples
stem(Cat$score)
fivenum(Cat$score)
boxplot(Cat$score, main = "Problem 1.116", col = "green")
Censored Entry age and survival time of patients with small cell lung cancer
under two different treatments
Description
Usage
Censored
Format
survival survival time (in days) of patients with small cell lung cancer
treatment a factor with levels armA and armB indicating the treatment a patient received
age the age of the patient
Source
Ying, Z., Jung, S., Wei, L. 1995. “Survival Analysis with Median Regression Models.” Journal of
the American Statistical Association, 90, 178-184.
References
Examples
boxplot(survival ~ treatment, data = Censored, col = "yellow")

wilcox.test(survival ~ treatment, data = Censored, alternative = "greater")
46 Challeng
Challeng Temperatures and O-ring failures for the launches of the space shuttle
Challenger
Description
Data for Examples 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 2.11 and 5.1
Usage
Challeng
Format
A data frame/tibble with 25 observations on four variables
flight a character variable indicating the flight

date date of the flight
temp temperature (in fahrenheit)
failures number of failures
Source
Dalal, S. R., Fowlkes, E. B., Hoadley, B. 1989. “Risk Analysis of the Space Shuttle: Pre-Challenger
Prediction of Failure.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84, No. 408, 945-957.
References
Examples
stem(Challeng$temp)
summary(Challeng$temp)
IQR(Challeng$temp)
quantile(Challeng$temp)
fivenum(Challeng$temp)
stem(sort(Challeng$temp)[-1])
summary(sort(Challeng$temp)[-1])
IQR(sort(Challeng$temp)[-1])
quantile(sort(Challeng$temp)[-1])
fivenum(sort(Challeng$temp)[-1])
par(mfrow=c(1, 2))
qqnorm(Challeng$temp)
qqline(Challeng$temp)
qqnorm(sort(Challeng$temp)[-1])
Chemist 47
qqline(sort(Challeng$temp)[-1])
par(mfrow=c(1, 1))
Chemist Starting salaries of 50 chemistry majors
Description
Usage
Chemist
Format
salary starting salary (in dollars) for chemistry major
References
Examples
EDA(Chemist$salary)
Chesapea Surface salinity measurements taken offshore from Annapolis, Mary-

land in 1927
Description
Usage
Chesapea
48 Chevy
Format
salinity surface salinity measurements (in parts per 1000) for station 11, offshore from Annanapo-
lis, Maryland, on July 3-4, 1927.
Source
Davis, J. (1986) Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, Second Edition. John Wiley and Sons,
New York.
References
Examples
qqnorm(Chesapea$salinity)
qqline(Chesapea$salinity)
shapiro.test(Chesapea$salinity)
t.test(Chesapea$salinity, mu = 7)
Chevy Insurance injury ratings of Chevrolet vehicles for 1990 and 1993 mod-
els
Description
Usage
Chevy
Format
year a factor with levels 1988-90 and 1991-93

frequency a factor with levels much better than average, above average, average, below average,
and much worse than average
Source
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and the Highway Loss Data Institute, 1995.
Chicken 49
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~year + frequency, data = Chevy)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Chicken Weight gain of chickens fed three different rations
Description
Usage
Chicken
Format
A data frame/tibble with 13 observations onthree variables
gain weight gain over a specified period

feed a factor with levels ration1, ration2, and ration3
References
Examples
boxplot(gain ~ feed, col = c("red","blue","green"), data = Chicken)

anova(lm(gain ~ feed, data = Chicken))
50 Chipavg
Chipavg Measurements of the thickness of the oxide layer of manufactured in-

tegrated circuits
Description
Usage
Chipavg
Format
wafer1 thickness of the oxide layer for wafer1

wafer2 thickness of the oxide layer for wafer2
thickness average thickness of the oxide layer of the eight measurements obtained from each set
of two wafers
Source
Yashchin, E. 1995. “Likelihood Ratio Methods for Monitoring Parameters of a Nested Random
Effect Model.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90, 729-738.
References
Examples
EDA(Chipavg$thickness)
t.test(Chipavg$thickness, mu = 1000)
boxplot(Chipavg$wafer1, Chipavg$wafer2, name = c("Wafer 1", "Wafer 2"))
shapiro.test(Chipavg$wafer1)
shapiro.test(Chipavg$wafer2)
t.test(Chipavg$wafer1, Chipavg$wafer2, var.equal = TRUE)
Chips 51
Chips Four measurements on a first wafer and four measurements on a sec-

ond wafer selected from 30 lots
Description
Usage
Chips
Format
A data frame/tibble with 30 observations on eight variables
wafer11 first measurement of thickness of the oxide layer for wafer1

wafer12 second measurement of thickness of the oxide layer for wafer1
wafer13 third measurement of thickness of the oxide layer for wafer1
wafer14 fourth measurement of thickness of the oxide layer for wafer1
wafer21 first measurement of thickness of the oxide layer for wafer2
wafer22 second measurement of thickness of the oxide layer for wafer2
wafer23 third measurement of thickness of the oxide layer for wafer2
wafer24 fourth measurement of thickness of the oxide layer for wafer2
Source
Yashchin, E. 1995. “Likelihood Ratio Methods for Monitoring Parameters of a Nested Random
Effect Model.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90, 729-738.
References
Examples
with(data = Chips,
boxplot(wafer11, wafer12, wafer13, wafer14, wafer21,
wafer22, wafer23, wafer24, col = "pink")
)
52 Cigarett
Cigar Milligrams of tar in 25 cigarettes selected randomly from 4 different

brands
Description
Usage
Cigar
Format
tar amount of tar (measured in milligrams)
brand a factor indicating cigarette brand with levels brandA, brandB, brandC, and brandD
References
Examples
boxplot(tar ~ brand, data = Cigar, col = "cyan", ylab = "mg tar")

anova(lm(tar ~ brand, data = Cigar))
Cigarett Effect of mother’s smoking on birth weight of newborn
Description
Usage
Cigarett
Format
cigarettes mothers’ estimated average number of cigarettes smoked per day
weight children’s birth weights (in pounds)
CIsim 53
References
Examples
plot(weight ~ cigarettes, data = Cigarett)

model <- lm(weight ~ cigarettes, data = Cigarett)
abline(model, col = "red")
with(data = Cigarett,
cor(weight, cigarettes)
)
rm(model)
CIsim Confidence Interval Simulation Program
Description
This program simulates random samples from which it constructs confidence intervals for one of
the parameters mean (Mu), variance (Sigma), or proportion of successes (Pi).
Usage
CIsim(samples = 100, n = 30, mu = 0, sigma = 1, conf.level = 0.95,
type = "Mean")
Arguments
samples the number of samples desired.
n the size of each sample.
mu if constructing confidence intervals for the population mean or the population
variance, mu is the population mean (i.e., type is one of either "Mean", or
"Var"). If constructing confidence intervals for the poulation proportion of suc-
cesses, the value entered for mu represents the population proportion of suc-
cesses (Pi), and as such, must be a number between 0 and 1.
sigma the population standard deviation. sigma is not required if confidence intervals
are of type "Pi".
conf.level confidence level for the graphed confidence intervals, restricted to lie between
zero and one.
type character string, one of "Mean", "Var" or "Pi", or just the initial letter of each,
indicating the type of confidence interval simulation to perform.
54 Citrus
Details
Default is to construct confidence intervals for the population mean. Simulated confidence inter-
vals for the population variance or population proportion of successes are possible by selecting the
appropriate value in the type argument.
Value
Graph depicts simulated confidence intervals. The number of confidence intervals that do not con-
tain the parameter of interest are counted and reported in the commands window.
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
Examples
CIsim(100, 30, 100, 10)

# Simulates 100 samples of size 30 from
# a normal distribution with mean 100
# and standard deviation 10. From the
# 100 simulated samples, 95% confidence
# intervals for the Mean are constructed
# and depicted in the graph.
CIsim(100, 30, 100, 10, type="Var")

# a normal distribution with mean 100
# and standard deviation 10. From the
# intervals for the variance are constructed
CIsim(100, 50, .5, type="Pi", conf.level=.90)

# a binomial distribution where the population
# proportion of successes is 0.5. From the
# intervals for Pi are constructed
Citrus Percent of peak bone density of different aged children
Description
Clean 55
Usage
Citrus
Format
A data frame/tibble with nine observations on two variables
age age of children

percent percent peak bone density
References
Examples
model <- lm(percent ~ age, data = Citrus)

summary(model)
anova(model)
rm(model)
Clean Residual contaminant following the use of three different cleansing

agents
Description
Usage
Clean
Format
clean residual contaminants

agent a factor with levels A, B, and C
References
56 Coaxial
Examples
boxplot(clean ~ agent, col = c("red", "blue", "green"), data = Clean)

anova(lm(clean ~ agent, data = Clean))
Coaxial Signal loss from three types of coxial cable
Description
Usage
Coaxial
Format
signal signal loss per 1000 feet

cable factor with three levels of coaxial cable typeA, typeB, and typeC
References
Examples
boxplot(signal ~ cable, data = Coaxial, col = c("red", "green", "yellow"))

kruskal.test(signal ~ cable, data = Coaxial)
Coffee 57
Coffee Productivity of workers with and without a coffee break
Description
Usage
Coffee
Format
without workers’ productivity scores without a coffee break

with workers’ productivity scores with a coffee break
differences with minus without
References
Examples
qqnorm(Coffee$differences)
qqline(Coffee$differences)
shapiro.test(Coffee$differences)
t.test(Coffee$with, Coffee$without, paired = TRUE, alternative = "greater")
wilcox.test(Coffee$with, Coffee$without, paired = TRUE,
alterantive = "greater")
Coins Yearly returns on 12 investments
Description
Usage
Coins
58 Combinations
Format
return yearly returns on each of 12 possible investments
References
Examples
qqnorm(Coins$return)
qqline(Coins$return)
Combinations Combinations
Description
Computes all possible combinations of n objects taken k at a time.
Usage
Combinations(n, k)
Arguments
n a number.
k a number less than or equal to n.
Value
Returns a matrix containing the possible combinations of n objects taken k at a time.
See Also
SRS
Examples
Combinations(5,2)
# The columns in the matrix list the values of the 10 possible
# combinations of 5 things taken 2 at a time.
Commute 59
Commute Commuting times for selected cities in 1980 and 1990
Description
Data for Exercises 1.13, and 7.85
Usage
Commute
Format
city a factor with levels Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati,
Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Hartford, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City,
Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, New Orleans, New York, Norfolk, Orlando,
Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Portland, Providence, Rochester, Sacramento,
Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, St. Louis, Tampa,
and Washington
year year
time commute times
Source
Federal Highway Administration.
References
Examples
stripplot(year ~ time, data = Commute, jitter = TRUE)

dotplot(year ~ time, data = Commute)
bwplot(year ~ time, data = Commute)
stripchart(time ~ year, data = Commute, method = "stack", pch = 1,
cex = 2, col = c("red", "blue"),
group.names = c("1980", "1990"),
main = "", xlab = "minutes")
title(main = "Commute Time")
boxplot(time ~ year, data = Commute, names=c("1980", "1990"),
horizontal = TRUE, las = 1)
60 Concrete
Concept Tennessee self concept scale scores for a group of teenage boys
Description
Usage
Concept
Format
self Tennessee self concept scores
References
Examples
summary(Concept$self)
sd(Concept$self)
diff(range(Concept$self))
IQR(Concept$self)
summary(Concept$self/10)
IQR(Concept$self/10)
sd(Concept$self/10)
diff(range(Concept$self/10))
Concrete Compressive strength of concrete blocks made by two different meth-

ods
Description
Usage
Concrete
Corn 61
Format
strength comprehensive strength (in pounds per square inch)

method factor with levels new and old indicating the method used to construct a concrete block
References
Examples
wilcox.test(strength ~ method, data = Concrete, alternative = "greater")
Corn Comparison of the yields of a new variety and a standard variety of

corn planted on 12 plots of land
Description
Usage
Corn
Format
new corn yield with new meathod

standard corn yield with standard method
differences new minus standard
References
62 Correlat
Examples
boxplot(Corn$differences)
qqnorm(Corn$differences)
qqline(Corn$differences)
shapiro.test(Corn$differences)
t.test(Corn$new, Corn$standard, paired = TRUE, alternative = "greater")
Correlat Exercise to illustrate correlation
Description
Usage
Correlat
Format
x a numeric vector
y a numeric vector
References
Examples
plot(y ~ x, data = Correlat)

model <- lm(y ~ x, data = Correlat)
abline(model)
rm(model)
Counsel 63
Counsel Scores of 18 volunteers who participated in a counseling process
Description
Usage
Counsel
Format
score standardized psychology scores after a counseling process
References
Examples
EDA(Counsel$score)
t.test(Counsel$score, mu = 70)
Cpi Consumer price index from 1979 to 1998
Description
Usage
Cpi
Format
year year
cpi consumer price index
64 Crime
Source
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
References
Examples
plot(cpi ~ year, data = Cpi, type = "l", lty = 2, lwd = 2, col = "red")
barplot(Cpi$cpi, col = "pink", las = 2, main = "Problem 1.34")
Crime Violent crime rates for the states in 1983 and 1993
Description
Data for Exercises 1.90, 2.32, 3.64, and 5.113
Usage
Crime
Format
DC, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missour,
Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina,
South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia,
Wisconsin, and Wyoming
rate crime rate per 100,000 inhabitants
Source
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics,
1993.
Darwin 65
References
Examples
boxplot(rate ~ year, data = Crime, col = "red")
Darwin Charles Darwin’s study of cross-fertilized and self-fertilized plants
Description
Usage
Darwin
Format
pot number of pot
cross height of plant (in inches) after a fixed period of time when cross-fertilized
self height of plant (in inches) after a fixed period of time when self-fertilized
Source
Darwin, C. (1876) The Effect of Cross- and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom, 2nd edition,
London.
References
Examples
differ <- Darwin$cross - Darwin$self

qqnorm(differ)
qqline(differ)
shapiro.test(differ)
wilcox.test(Darwin$cross, Darwin$self, paired = TRUE)
rm(differ)
66 Defectiv
Dealers Automobile dealers classified according to type dealership and service

rendered to customers
Description
Usage
Dealers
Format
type a factor with levels Honda, Toyota, Mazda, Ford, Dodge, and Saturn
service a factor with levels Replaces unnecessarily and Follows manufacturer guidelines
References
Examples
xtabs(~type + service, data = Dealers)

T1 <- xtabs(~type + service, data = Dealers)
T1
addmargins(T1)
pt <- prop.table(T1, margin = 1)
pt
barplot(t(pt), col = c("red", "skyblue"), legend = colnames(T1))
rm(T1, pt)
Defectiv Number of defective items produced by 20 employees
Description
Usage
Defectiv
Degree 67
Format
number number of defective items produced by the employees in a small business firm
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~ number, data = Defectiv)

T1
barplot(T1, col = "pink", ylab = "Frequency",
xlab = "Defective Items Produced by Employees", main = "Problem 1.27")
rm(T1)
Degree Percent of bachelor’s degrees awarded women in 1970 versus 1990
Description
Usage
Degree
Format
field a factor with levels Health, Education, Foreign Language, Psychology, Fine Arts,
Life Sciences, Business, Social Science, Physical Sciences, Engineering, and
All Fields
awarded a factor with levels 1970 and 1990
Source
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Education Statistics.
References
68 Delay
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~field + awarded, data = Degree)

T1
barplot(t(T1), beside = TRUE, col = c("red", "skyblue"), legend = colnames(T1))
rm(T1)
Delay Delay times on 20 flights from four major air carriers
Description
Usage
Delay
Format
delay the delay time (in minutes) for 80 randomly selected flights
carrier a factor with levels A, B, C, and D
References
Examples
boxplot(delay ~ carrier, data = Delay,

main = "Exercise 10.55", ylab = "minutes",
col = "pink")
kruskal.test(delay ~carrier, data = Delay)
Depend 69
Depend Number of dependent children for 50 families
Description
Usage
Depend
Format
number number of dependent children in a family
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~ number, data = Depend)

T1
barplot(T1, col = "lightblue", main = "Problem 1.26",
xlab = "Number of Dependent Children", ylab = "Frequency")
rm(T1)
Detroit Educational levels of a sample of 40 auto workers in Detroit
Description
Usage
Detroit
Format
educ the educational level (in years) of a sample of 40 auto workers in a plant in Detroit
70 Develop
References
Examples
EDA(Detroit$educ)
Develop Demographic characteristics of developmental students at 2-year col-

leges and 4-year colleges
Description
Data used for Exercise 8.50
Usage
Develop
Format
race a factor with levels African American, American Indian, Asian, Latino, and White
college a factor with levels Two-year and Four-year
Source
Research in Development Education (1994), V. 11, 2.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~race + college, data = Develop)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Devmath 71
Devmath Test scores for students who failed developmental mathematics in the
fall semester 1995
Description
Usage
Devmath
Format
score first exam score
Source
Data provided by Dr. Anita Kitchens.
References
Examples
EDA(Devmath$score)
t.test(Devmath$score, mu = 80, alternative = "less")
Dice Outcomes and probabilities of the roll of a pair of fair dice
Description
Usage
Dice
72 Diesel
Format
x possible outcomes for the sum of two dice
px probability for outcome x
References
Examples
roll1 <- sample(1:6, 20000, replace = TRUE)

roll2 <- sample(1:6, 20000, replace = TRUE)
outcome <- roll1 + roll2
T1 <- table(outcome)/length(outcome)
remove(roll1, roll2, outcome)
T1
round(t(Dice), 5)
rm(roll1, roll2, T1)
Diesel Diesel fuel prices in 1999-2000 in nine regions of the country
Description
Usage
Diesel
Format
date date when price was recorded
pricepergallon price per gallon (in dollars)
location a factor with levels California, CentralAtlantic, Coast, EastCoast, Gulf, LowerAtlantic,
NatAvg, NorthEast, Rocky, and WesternMountain
Source
Energy Information Administration, National Enerfy Information Center: 1000 Independence Ave.,
SW, Washington, D.C., 20585.
Diplomat 73
References
Examples
par(las = 2)
boxplot(pricepergallon ~ location, data = Diesel)
boxplot(pricepergallon ~ location,
data = droplevels(Diesel[Diesel$location == "EastCoast" |
Diesel$location == "Gulf" | Diesel$location == "NatAvg" |
Diesel$location == "Rocky" | Diesel$location == "California", ]),
col = "pink", main = "Exercise 2.8")
par(las = 1)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Diesel, aes(x = date, y = pricepergallon,
color = location)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(se = FALSE) +
theme_bw() +
labs(y = "Price per Gallon (in dollars)")
## End(Not run)
Diplomat Parking tickets issued to diplomats
Description
Usage
Diplomat
Format
country a factor with levels Brazil, Bulgaria, Egypt, Indonesia, Israel, Nigeria, Russia,
S. Korea, Ukraine, and Venezuela
number total number of tickets
rate number of tickets per vehicle per month
Source
Time, November 8, 1993. Figures are from January to June 1993.
74 Disposal
References
Examples
par(las = 2, mfrow = c(2, 2))

stripchart(number ~ country, data = Diplomat, pch = 19,
col= "red", vertical = TRUE)
stripchart(rate ~ country, data = Diplomat, pch = 19,
col= "blue", vertical = TRUE)
with(data = Diplomat,
barplot(number, names.arg = country, col = "red"))
with(data = Diplomat,
barplot(rate, names.arg = country, col = "blue"))
par(las = 1, mfrow = c(1, 1))
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Diplomat, aes(x = reorder(country, number),
y = number)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "pink", color = "black") +
theme_bw() + labs(x = "", y = "Total Number of Tickets")
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Diplomat, aes(x = reorder(country, rate),
y = rate)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "pink", color = "black") +
theme_bw() + labs(x = "", y = "Tickets per vehicle per month")
## End(Not run)
Disposal Toxic intensity for manufacturing plants producing herbicidal prepa-

rations
Description
Usage
Disposal
Format
pounds pounds of toxic waste per $1000 of shipments of its products

Dogs 75
Source
Bureau of the Census, Reducing Toxins, Statistical Brief SB/95-3, February 1995.
References
Examples
stem(Disposal$pounds)
fivenum(Disposal$pounds)
EDA(Disposal$pounds)
Dogs Rankings of the favorite breeds of dogs
Description
Usage
Dogs
Format
breed a factor with levels Beagle, Boxer, Chihuahua, Chow, Dachshund, Dalmatian, Doberman,
Huskie, Labrador, Pomeranian, Poodle, Retriever, Rotweiler, Schnauzer, Shepherd,
Shetland, ShihTzu, Spaniel, Springer, and Yorkshire
ranking numeric ranking
year a factor with levels 1992, 1993, 1997, and 1998
Source
The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2000.
References
76 Domestic
Examples
cor(Dogs$ranking[Dogs$year == "1992"], Dogs$ranking[Dogs$year == "1993"])

cor(Dogs$ranking[Dogs$year == "1997"], Dogs$ranking[Dogs$year == "1998"])
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Dogs, aes(x = reorder(breed, ranking), y = ranking)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
facet_grid(year ~. ) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 85, vjust = 0.5))
## End(Not run)
Domestic Rates of domestic violence per 1,000 women by age groups
Description
Usage
Domestic
Format
A data frame/tibble with five observations on two variables
age a factor with levels 12-19, 20-24, 25-34, 35-49, and 50-64
rate rate of domestic violence per 1000 women
Source
U.S. Department of Justice.
References
Examples
barplot(Domestic$rate, names.arg = Domestic$age)

## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Domestic, aes(x = age, y = rate)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "purple", color = "black") +
labs(x = "", y = "Domestic violence per 1000 women") +
Dopamine 77
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Dopamine Dopamine b-hydroxylase activity of schizophrenic patients treated

with an antipsychotic drug
Description
Usage
Dopamine
Format
dbh dopamine b-hydroxylase activity (units are nmol/(ml)(h)/(mg) of protein)

group a factor with levels nonpsychotic and psychotic
Source
D.E. Sternberg, D.P. Van Kammen, and W.E. Bunney, "Schizophrenia: Dopamine b-Hydroxylase
Activity and Treatment Respsonse," Science, 216 (1982), 1423 - 1425.
References
Examples
boxplot(dbh ~ group, data = Dopamine, col = "orange")

t.test(dbh ~ group, data = Dopamine, var.equal = TRUE)
78 Dowjones
Dowjones Closing yearend Dow Jones Industrial averages from 1896 through
2000
Description
Usage
Dowjones
Format
year date
close Dow Jones closing price
change percent change from previous year
References
Examples
plot(close ~ year, data = Dowjones, type = "l", main = "Exercise 1.35")

## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Dowjones, aes(x = year, y = close)) +
geom_point(size = 0.5) +
geom_line(color = "red") +
theme_bw() +
labs(y = "Dow Jones Closing Price")
## End(Not run)
Drink 79
Drink Opinion on referendum by view on moral issue of selling alcoholic

beverages
Description
Usage
Drink
Format
drinking a factor with levels ok, tolerated, and immoral

referendum a factor with levels for, against, and undecided
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~drinking + referendum, data = Drink)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Drug Number of trials to master a task for a group of 28 subjects assigned

to a control and an experimental group
Description
Usage
Drug
80 Dyslexia
Format
trials number of trials to master a task
group a factor with levels control and experimental
References
Examples
boxplot(trials ~ group, data = Drug,

main = "Example 7.15", col = c("yellow", "red"))
wilcox.test(trials ~ group, data = Drug)
t.test(rank(trials) ~ group, data = Drug, var.equal = TRUE)
Dyslexia Data on a group of college students diagnosed with dyslexia
Description
Usage
Dyslexia
Format
A data frame/tibble with eight observations on seven variables
words number of words read per minute
age age of participant
gender a factor with levels female and male
handed a factor with levels left and right
weight weight of participant (in pounds)
height height of participant (in inches)
children number of children in family
References
Earthqk 81
Examples
plot(height ~ weight, data = Dyslexia)

plot(words ~ factor(handed), data = Dyslexia,
xlab = "hand", col = "lightblue")
Earthqk One hundred year record of worldwide seismic activity(1770-1869)
Description
Usage
Earthqk
Format
year year seimic activity recorded

severity annual incidence of sever earthquakes
Source
Quenoille, M.H. (1952), Associated Measurements, Butterworth, London. p 279.
References
Examples
EDA(Earthqk$severity)
t.test(Earthqk$severity, mu = 100, alternative = "greater")
82 EDA
EDA Exploratory Data Anaalysis
Description
Function that produces a histogram, density plot, boxplot, and Q-Q plot.
Usage
EDA(x, trim = 0.05)
Arguments
x numeric vector. NAs and Infs are allowed but will be removed.
trim fraction (between 0 and 0.5, inclusive) of values to be trimmed from each end
of the ordered data. If trim = 0.5, the result is the median.
Details
Will not return command window information on data sets containing more than 5000 observations.
It will however still produce graphical output for data sets containing more than 5000 observations.
Value
Function returns various measures of center and location. The values returned for the Quartiles are
based on the definitions provided in BSDA. The boxplot is based on the Quartiles returned in the
commands window.
Note
Requires package e1071.
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
Examples
EDA(rnorm(100))
# Produces four graphs for the 100 randomly
# generated standard normal variates.
Educat 83
Educat Crime rates versus the percent of the population without a high school
degree
Description
Usage
Educat
Format
DC, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missour,
Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina,
South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia,
Wisconsin, and Wyoming
nodegree percent of the population without a high school degree
crime violent crimes per 100,000 population
References
Examples
plot(crime ~ nodegree, data = Educat,

xlab = "Percent of population without high school degree",
ylab = "Violent Crime Rate per 100,000")
84 Elderly
Eggs Number of eggs versus amounts of feed supplement
Description
Usage
Eggs
Format
feed amount of feed supplement

eggs number of eggs per day for 100 chickens
References
Examples
plot(eggs ~ feed, data = Eggs)

model <- lm(eggs ~ feed, data = Eggs)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Elderly Percent of the population over the age of 65
Description
Usage
Elderly
Energy 85
Format
percent1985 percent of the population over the age of 65 in 1985
percent1998 percent of the population over the age of 65 in 1998
Source
U.S. Census Bureau Internet site, February 2000.
References
Examples
with(data = Elderly,
stripchart(x = list(percent1998, percent1985), method = "stack", pch = 19,
col = c("red","blue"), group.names = c("1998", "1985"))
)
with(data = Elderly, cor(percent1998, percent1985))
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Elderly, aes(x = percent1985, y = percent1998)) +
geom_point() +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Energy Amount of energy consumed by homes versus their sizes
Description
Data for Exercises 2.5, 2.24, and 2.55
Usage
Energy
86 Engineer
Format
size size of home (in square feet)

kilowatt killowatt-hours per month
References
Examples
plot(kilowatt ~ size, data = Energy)

with(data = Energy, cor(size, kilowatt))
model <- lm(kilowatt ~ size, data = Energy)
plot(Energy$size, resid(model), xlab = "size")
Engineer Salaries after 10 years for graduates of three different universities
Description
Usage
Engineer
Format
salary salary (in $1000) 10 years after graduation

university a factor with levels A, B, and C
References
Entrance 87
Examples
boxplot(salary ~ university, data = Engineer,

main = "Example 10.7", col = "yellow")
kruskal.test(salary ~ university, data = Engineer)
anova(lm(salary ~ university, data = Engineer))
anova(lm(rank(salary) ~ university, data = Engineer))
Entrance College entrance exam scores for 24 high school seniors
Description
Usage
Entrance
Format
score college entrance exam score
References
Examples
stem(Entrance$score)
stem(Entrance$score, scale = 2)
88 Epaminicompact
Epaminicompact Fuel efficiency ratings for compact vehicles in 2001
Description
Usage
Epaminicompact
Format
A data frame/tibble with 22 observations on ten variables
class a character variable with value MINICOMPACT CARS

manufacturer a character variable with values AUDI, BMW, JAGUAR, MERCEDES-BENZ, MITSUBISHI,
and PORSCHE
carline a character variable with values 325CI CONVERTIBLE, 330CI CONVERTIBLE, 911 CARRERA 2/4,
911 TURBO, CLK320 (CABRIOLET), CLK430 (CABRIOLET), ECLIPSE SPYDER, JAGUAR XK8 CONVERTIBLE,
JAGUAR XKR CONVERTIBLE, M3 CONVERTIBLE, TT COUPE, and TT COUPE QUATTRO
displ engine displacement (in liters)
cyl number of cylinders
trans a factor with levels Auto(L5), Auto(S4), Auto(S5), Manual(M5), and Manual(M6)
drv a factor with levels 4(four wheel drive), F(front wheel drive), and R(rear wheel drive)
cty city mpg
hwy highway mpg
cmb combined city and highway mpg
Source
EPA data.
References
Examples
summary(Epaminicompact$cty)
plot(hwy ~ cty, data = Epaminicompact)
Epatwoseater 89
Epatwoseater Fuel efficiency ratings for two-seater vehicles in 2001
Description
Usage
Epatwoseater
Format
A data frame/tibble with 36 observations on ten variables
class a character variable with value TWO SEATERS
manufacturer a character variable with values ACURA, AUDI, BMW, CHEVROLET, DODGE, FERRARI,
HONDA, LAMBORGHINI, MAZDA, MERCEDES-BENZ, PLYMOUTH, PORSCHE, and TOYOTA
carline a character variable with values BOXSTER, BOXSTER S, CORVETTE, DB132/144 DIABLO,
FERRARI 360 MODENA/SPIDER, FERRARI 550 MARANELLO/BARCHETTA, INSIGHT, MR2 ,MX-5 MIATA,
NSX, PROWLER, S2000, SL500, SL600, SLK230 KOMPRESSOR, SLK320, TT ROADSTER, TT ROADSTER QUATTRO,
VIPER CONVERTIBLE, VIPER COUPE, Z3 COUPE, Z3 ROADSTER, and Z8
displ engine displacement (in liters)
cyl number of cylinders
trans a factor with levels Auto(L4), Auto(L5), Auto(S4), Auto(S5), Auto(S6), Manual(M5),
and Manual(M6)
drv a factor with levels 4(four wheel drive) F(front wheel drive) R(rear wheel drive)
cty city mpg
hwy highway mpg
cmb combined city and highway mpg
@source Environmental Protection Agency.
References
Examples
summary(Epatwoseater$cty)
plot(hwy ~ cty, data = Epatwoseater)
boxplot(cty ~ drv, data = Epatwoseater, col = "lightgreen")
90 Exercise
Executiv Ages of 25 executives
Description
Usage
Executiv
Format
age a numeric vector
References
Examples
hist(Executiv$age, xlab = "Age of banking executives",

breaks = 5, main = "", col = "gray")
Exercise Weight loss for 30 members of an exercise program
Description
Usage
Exercise
Format
loss a numeric vector

Fabric 91
References
Examples
stem(Exercise$loss)
Fabric Measures of softness of ten different clothing garments washed with

and without a softener
Description
Usage
Fabric
Format
garment a numeric vector
softner a character variable with values with and without
softness a numeric vector
References
Examples
wilcox.test(softness ~ softner, data = Fabric,

paired = TRUE, alternative = "greater")
## Not run:
library(tidyr)
T7 <- tidyr::spread(Fabric, softner, softness) %>%
mutate(di = with - without, adi = abs(di), rk = rank(adi),
srk = sign(di)*rk)
T7
t.test(T7$srk, alternative = "greater")
## End(Not run)
92 Faithful
Faithful Waiting times between successive eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser
Description
Usage
Faithful
Format
time a numeric vector

eruption a factor with levels 1 and 2
Source
A. Azzalini and A. Bowman, "A Look at Some Data on the Old Faithful Geyser," Journal of the
Royal Statistical Society, Series C, 39 (1990), 357-366.
References
Examples
t.test(time ~ eruption, data = Faithful)

hist(Faithful$time, xlab = "wait time", main = "", freq = FALSE)
lines(density(Faithful$time))
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Faithful, aes(x = time, y = ..density..)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth = 5, fill = "pink", col = "black") +
geom_density() +
theme_bw() +
labs(x = "wait time")
## End(Not run)
Family 93
Family Size of family versus cost per person per week for groceries
Description
Usage
Family
Format
number number in family

cost cost per person (in dollars)
References
Examples
plot(cost ~ number, data = Family)

abline(lm(cost ~ number, data = Family), col = "red")
cor(Family$cost, Family$number)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Family, aes(x = number, y = cost)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
94 Ferraro2
Ferraro1 Choice of presidental ticket in 1984 by gender
Description
Usage
Ferraro1
Format
gender a factor with levels Men and Women

candidate a character vector of 1984 president and vice-president candidates
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~gender + candidate, data = Ferraro1)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Ferraro2 Choice of vice presidental candidate in 1984 by gender
Description
Usage
Ferraro2
Fertility 95
Format
gender a factor with levels Men and Women

candidate a character vector of 1984 president and vice-president candidates
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~gender + candidate, data = Ferraro2)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Fertility Fertility rates of all 50 states and DC
Description
Usage
Fertility
Format
state a character variable with values Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado,
Connecticut, Delaware, District of Colunbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho,
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missour, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee,
Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming
rate fertility rate (expected number of births during childbearing years)
Source
Population Reference Bureau.
96 Firstchi
References
Examples
stem(Fertility$rate)
fivenum(Fertility$rate)
EDA(Fertility$rate)
Firstchi Ages of women at the birth of their first child
Description
Usage
Firstchi
Format
age age of woman at birth of her first child
References
Examples
EDA(Firstchi$age)
Fish 97
Fish Length and number of fish caught with small and large mesh codend
Description
Usage
Fish
Format
codend a character variable with values smallmesh and largemesh

length length of the fish measured in centimeters
Source
R. Millar, “Estimating the Size - Selectivity of Fishing Gear by Conditioning on the Total Catch,”
Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87 (1992), 962 - 968.
References
Examples
tapply(Fish$length, Fish$codend, median, na.rm = TRUE)

SIGN.test(Fish$length[Fish$codend == "smallmesh"], conf.level = 0.99)
## Not run:
dplyr::group_by(Fish, codend) %>%
summarize(MEDIAN = median(length, na.rm = TRUE))
## End(Not run)
98 Fitness
Fitness Number of sit-ups before and after a physical fitness course
Description
Usage
Fitness
Format
A data frame/tibble with 18 observations on the three variables
subject a character variable indicating subject number

test a character variable with values After and Before
number a numeric vector recording the number of sit-ups performed in one minute
References
Examples
t.test(number ~ test, data = Fitness, alternative = "greater", paired = TRUE)

## Not run:
Wide <- tidyr::spread(Fitness, test, number) %>%
mutate(diff = After - Before)
Wide
qqnorm(Wide$diff)
qqline(Wide$diff)
t.test(Wide$diff, alternative = "greater")
## End(Not run)
Florida2000 99
Florida2000 Florida voter results in the 2000 presidential election
Description
Data for Statistical Insight Chapter 2
Usage
Florida2000
Format
A data frame/tibble with 67 observations on 12 variables
county a character variable with values ALACHUA, BAKER, BAY, BRADFORD, BREVARD, BROWARD, CALHOUN,
CHARLOTTE, CITRUS, CLAY, COLLIER, COLUMBIA, DADE, DE SOTO, DIXIE, DUVAL, ESCAMBIA,
FLAGLER, FRANKLIN, GADSDEN, GILCHRIST, GLADES, GULF, HAMILTON, HARDEE, HENDRY, HERNANDO,
HIGHLANDS, HILLSBOROUGH, HOLMES, INDIAN RIVER, JACKSON, JEFFERSON, LAFAYETTE, LAKE,
LEE, LEON, LEVY, LIBERTY, MADISON, MANATEE, MARION, MARTIN, MONROE, NASSAU, OKALOOSA,
OKEECHOBEE, ORANGE, OSCEOLA, PALM BEACH, PASCO, PINELLAS, POLK, PUTNAM, SANTA ROSA,
SARASOTA, SEMINOLE, ST. JOHNS, ST. LUCIE, SUMTER, SUWANNEE, TAYLOR, UNION, VOLUSIA,
WAKULLA, WALTON, and WASHINGTON
gore number of votes
bush number of votes
buchanan number of votes
nader number of votes
browne number of votes
hagelin number of votes
harris number of votes
mcreynolds number of votes
moorehead number of votes
phillips number of votes
total number of votes
References
Examples
plot(buchanan ~ total, data = Florida2000,

xlab = "Total votes cast (in thousands)",
ylab = "Votes for Buchanan")
100 Fluid
Fluid Breakdown times of an insulating fluid under various levels of voltage

stress
Description
Usage
Fluid
Format
kilovolts a character variable showing kilowats

time breakdown time (in minutes)
Source
E. Soofi, N. Ebrahimi, and M. Habibullah, 1995.
References
Examples
DF1 <- Fluid[Fluid$kilovolts == "34kV", ]

DF1
# OR
DF2 <- subset(Fluid, subset = kilovolts == "34kV")
DF2
stem(DF2$time)
SIGN.test(DF2$time)
## Not run:
library(dplyr)
DF3 <- dplyr::filter(Fluid, kilovolts == "34kV")
DF3
## End(Not run)
Food 101
Food Annual food expenditures for 40 single households in Ohio
Description
Usage
Food
Format
expenditure a numeric vector recording annual food expenditure (in dollars) in the state of Ohio.
Source
References
Examples
EDA(Food$expenditure)
Framingh Cholesterol values of 62 subjects in the Framingham Heart Study
Description
Usage
Framingh
Format
cholest a numeric vector with cholesterol values
102 Freshman
Source
R. D’Agostino, et al., (1990) "A Suggestion for Using Powerful and Informative Tests for Normal-
ity," The American Statistician, 44 316-321.
References
Examples
stem(Framingh$cholest)
boxplot(Framingh$cholest, horizontal = TRUE)
hist(Framingh$cholest, freq = FALSE)
lines(density(Framingh$cholest))
mean(Framingh$cholest > 200 & Framingh$cholest < 240)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Framingh, aes(x = factor(1), y = cholest)) +
geom_boxplot() + # boxplot
labs(x = "") + # no x label
theme_bw() + # black and white theme
geom_jitter(width = 0.2) + # jitter points
coord_flip() # Create horizontal plot
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Framingh, aes(x = cholest, y = ..density..)) +
geom_histogram(fill = "pink", binwidth = 15, color = "black") +
geom_density() +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Freshman Ages of a random sample of 30 college freshmen
Description
Usage
Freshman
Format
age a numeric vector of ages
Funeral 103
References
Examples
SIGN.test(Freshman$age, md = 19)
Funeral Cost of funeral by region of country
Description
Usage
Funeral
Format
region a factor with levels Central, East, South, and West

cost a factor with levels less than expected, about what expected, and more than expected
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~region + cost, data = Funeral)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
104 Gallup
Galaxie Velocities of 82 galaxies in the Corona Borealis region
Description
Usage
Galaxie
Format
velocity velocity measured in kilometers per second
Source
K. Roeder, "Density Estimation with Confidence Sets Explained by Superclusters and Voids in the
Galaxies," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85 (1990), 617-624.
References
Examples
EDA(Galaxie$velocity)
Gallup Results of a Gallup poll on possession of marijuana as a criminal of-

fense conducted in 1980
Description
Usage
Gallup
Gasoline 105
Format
A data frame/tibble with 1,200 observations on two variables
demographics a factor with levels National, Gender: Male Gender: Female, Education: College,
Eduction: High School, Education: Grade School, Age: 18-24, Age: 25-29, Age: 30-49,
Age: 50-older, Religion: Protestant, and Religion: Catholic
opinion a factor with levels Criminal, Not Criminal, and No Opinion
Source
George H. Gallup The Gallup Opinion Index Report No. 179 (Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Poll, July
1980), p. 15.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~demographics + opinion, data = Gallup)

T1
t(T1[c(2, 3), ])
barplot(t(T1[c(2, 3), ]))
barplot(t(T1[c(2, 3), ]), beside = TRUE)
## Not run:
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
dplyr::filter(Gallup, demographics == "Gender: Male" | demographics == "Gender: Female") %>%
ggplot2::ggplot(aes(x = demographics, fill = opinion)) +
geom_bar() +
theme_bw() +
labs(y = "Fraction")
## End(Not run)
Gasoline Price of regular unleaded gasoline obtained from 25 service stations
Description
Usage
Gasoline
106 German
Format
price price for one gallon of gasoline
References
Examples
stem(Gasoline$price)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Gasoline, aes(x = factor(1), y = price)) +
geom_violin() +
geom_jitter() +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
German Number of errors in copying a German passage before and after an

experimental course in German
Description
Usage
German
Format
A data frame/tibble with ten observations on three variables
student a character variable indicating student number

when a character variable with values Before and After to indicate when the student received
experimental instruction in German
errors the number of errors in copying a German passage
Golf 107
References
Examples
t.test(errors ~ when, data = German, paired = TRUE)

wilcox.test(errors ~ when, data = German)
## Not run:
T8 <- tidyr::spread(German, when, errors) %>%
mutate(di = After - Before, adi = abs(di), rk = rank(adi), srk = sign(di)*rk)
T8
qqnorm(T8$di)
qqline(T8$di)
t.test(T8$srk)
## End(Not run)
Golf Distances a golf ball can be driven by 20 professional golfers
Description
Usage
Golf
Format
yards distance a golf ball is driven in yards
References
108 Governor
Examples
stem(Golf$yards)
qqnorm(Golf$yards)
qqline(Golf$yards)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Golf, aes(sample = yards)) +
geom_qq() +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Governor Annual salaries for state governors in 1994 and 1999
Description
Usage
Governor
Format
Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico,
year a factor indicating year
salary a numeric vector with the governor’s salary (in dollars)
Source
The 2000 World Almanac and Book of Facts.
References
Gpa 109
Examples
boxplot(salary ~ year, data = Governor)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Governor, aes(x = salary)) +
geom_density(fill = "pink") +
facet_grid(year ~ .) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Gpa High school GPA versus college GPA
Description
Usage
Gpa
Format
hsgpa high school gpa
collgpa college gpa
References
Examples
plot(collgpa ~ hsgpa, data = Gpa)

mod <- lm(collgpa ~ hsgpa, data = Gpa)
abline(mod) # add line
yhat <- predict(mod) # fitted values
e <- resid(mod) # residuals
cbind(Gpa, yhat, e) # Table 2.1
cor(Gpa$hsgpa, Gpa$collgpa)
## Not run:
110 Grades
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Gpa, aes(x = hsgpa, y = collgpa)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Grades Test grades in a beginning statistics class
Description
Usage
Grades
Format
A data frame with 29 observations on one variable
grades a numeric vector containing test grades
References
Examples
hist(Grades$grades, main = "", xlab = "Test grades", right = FALSE)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Grades, aes(x = grades, y = ..density..)) +
geom_histogram(fill = "pink", binwidth = 5, color = "black") +
geom_density(lwd = 2, color = "red") +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Graduate 111
Graduate Graduation rates for student athletes in the Southeastern Conf.
Description
Usage
Graduate
Format
school a character variable with values Alabama, Arkansas, Auburn, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana St, Mississippi, Mississippi St, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Vanderbilt
code a character variable with values Al, Ar, Au Fl, Ge, Ke, LSt, Mi, MSt, SC, Te, and Va
percent graduation rate
References
Examples
barplot(Graduate$percent, names.arg = Graduate$school,

las = 2, cex.names = 0.7, col = "tomato")
Greenriv Varve thickness from a sequence through an Eocene lake deposit in the
Rocky Mountains
Description
Usage
Greenriv
112 Grnriv2
Format
thick varve thickness in millimeters
References
Examples
stem(Greenriv$thick)
SIGN.test(Greenriv$thick, md = 7.3, alternative = "greater")
Grnriv2 Thickness of a varved section of the Green river oil shale deposit near
a major lake in the Rocky Mountains
Description
Usage
Grnriv2
Format
thick varve thickness (in millimeters)
Source
J. Davis, Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2nd Ed., Jon Wiley and Sons, New York.
References
Examples
stem(Grnriv2$thick)
t.test(Grnriv2$thick, mu = 8, alternative = "less")
Groupabc 113
Groupabc Group data to illustrate analysis of variance
Description
Usage
Groupabc
Format
group a factor with levels A, B, and C
References
Examples
boxplot(response ~ group, data = Groupabc,

anova(lm(response ~ group, data = Groupabc))
Groups An illustration of analysis of variance
Description
Usage
Groups
Format
group a factor with levels A, B, and C
114 Gym
References
Examples
boxplot(response ~ group, data = Groups, col = c("red", "blue", "green"))

anova(lm(response ~ group, data = Groups))
Gym Children’s age versus number of completed gymnastic activities
Description
Usage
Gym
Format
A data frame/tibble with eight observations on three variables
age age of child

number number of gymnastic activities successfully completed
References
Examples
plot(number ~ age, data = Gym)

model <- lm(number ~ age, data = Gym)
summary(model)
Habits 115
Habits Study habits of students in two matched school districts
Description
Usage
Habits
Format
A study habit score

B study habit score
differ B minus A
signrks the signed-ranked-differences
References
Examples
shapiro.test(Habits$differ)
qqnorm(Habits$differ)
qqline(Habits$differ)
wilcox.test(Habits$B, Habits$A, paired = TRUE, alternative = "less")
t.test(Habits$signrks, alternative = "less")
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Habits, aes(x = differ)) +
geom_dotplot(fill = "blue") +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
116 Hardware
Haptoglo Haptoglobin concentration in blood serum of 8 healthy adults
Description
Usage
Haptoglo
Format
A data frame/tibble with eight observations on one variable
concent haptoglobin concentration (in grams per liter)
References
Examples
shapiro.test(Haptoglo$concent)
t.test(Haptoglo$concent, mu = 2, alternative = "less")
Hardware Daily receipts for a small hardware store for 31 working days
Description
Daily receipts for a small hardware store for 31 working days
Usage
Hardware
Format
receipt a numeric vector of daily receipts (in dollars)

Hardwood 117
Source
J.C. Miller and J.N. Miller, (1988), Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, 2nd Ed. (New York: Halsted
Press).
References
Examples
stem(Hardware$receipt)
Hardwood Tensile strength of Kraft paper for different percentages of hardwood

in the batches of pulp
Description
Data for Example 2.18 and Exercise 9.34
Usage
Hardwood
Format
tensile tensile strength of kraft paper (in pounds per square inch)
hardwood percent of hardwood in the batch of pulp that was used to produce the paper
Source
G. Joglekar, et al., "Lack-of-Fit Testing When Replicates Are Not Available," The American Statis-
tician, 43(3), (1989), 135-143.
References
118 Heat
Examples
plot(tensile ~ hardwood, data = Hardwood)

model <- lm(tensile ~ hardwood, data = Hardwood)
plot(model, which = 1)
Heat Primary heating sources of homes on indian reservations versus all

households
Description
Usage
Heat
Format
fuel a factor with levels Utility gas, LP bottled gas, Electricity, Fuel oil, Wood, and
Other
location a factor with levels American Indians on reservation, All U.S. households, and
American Indians not on reservations
Source
Bureau of the Census, Housing of the American Indians on Reservations, Statistical Brief 95-11,
April 1995.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~ fuel + location, data = Heat)

T1
barplot(t(T1), beside = TRUE, legend = TRUE)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
Heating 119
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Heat, aes(x = fuel, fill = location)) +

geom_bar(position = "dodge") +
labs(y = "percent") +
theme_bw() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 30, hjust = 1))
## End(Not run)
Heating Fuel efficiency ratings for three types of oil heaters
Description
Usage
Heating
Format
A data frame/tibble with 90 observations on the two variables
type a factor with levels A, B, and C denoting the type of oil heater
efficiency heater efficiency rating
References
Examples
boxplot(efficiency ~ type, data = Heating,

kruskal.test(efficiency ~ type, data = Heating)
120 Hodgkin
Hodgkin Results of treatments for Hodgkin’s disease
Description
Usage
Hodgkin
Format
type a factor with levels LD, LP, MC, and NS

response a factor with levels Positive, Partial, and None
Source
I. Dunsmore, F. Daly, Statistical Methods, Unit 9, Categorical Data, Milton Keynes, The Open
University, 18.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~type + response, data = Hodgkin)

T1
barplot(t(T1), legend = TRUE, beside = TRUE)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Hodgkin, aes(x = type, fill = response)) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Homes 121
Homes Median prices of single-family homes in 65 metropolitan statistical

areas
Description
Usage
Homes
Format
A data frame/tibble with 65 observations on the four variables
city a character variable with values Akron OH, Albuquerque NM, Anaheim CA, Atlanta GA,
Baltimore MD, Baton Rouge LA, Birmingham AL, Boston MA, Bradenton FL, Buffalo NY,
Charleston SC, Chicago IL, Cincinnati OH, Cleveland OH, Columbia SC, Columbus OH,
Corpus Christi TX, Dallas TX, Daytona Beach FL, Denver CO, Des Moines IA,
Detroit MI, El Paso TX, Grand Rapids MI, Hartford CT, Honolulu HI, Houston TX,
Indianapolis IN, Jacksonville FL, Kansas City MO, Knoxville TN, Las Vegas NV,
Los Angeles CA, Louisville KY, Madison WI, Memphis TN, Miami FL, Milwaukee WI,
Minneapolis MN, Mobile AL, Nashville TN, New Haven CT, New Orleans LA, New
York NY, Oklahoma City OK, Omaha NE, Orlando FL, Philadelphia PA, Phoenix AZ,
Pittsburgh PA, Portland OR, Providence RI, Sacramento CA, Salt Lake City UT,
San Antonio TX, San Diego CA, San Francisco CA, Seattle WA, Spokane WA, St Louis MO,
Syracuse NY, Tampa FL, Toledo OH, Tulsa OK, and Washington DC
region a character variable with values Midwest, Northeast, South, and West
price median house price (in dollars)
Source
National Association of Realtors.
References
Examples
tapply(Homes$price, Homes$year, mean)

tapply(Homes$price, Homes$region, mean)
p2000 <- subset(Homes, year == "2000")
122 Homework
p1994 <- subset(Homes, year == "1994")

## Not run:
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
dplyr::group_by(Homes, year, region) %>%
summarize(AvgPrice = mean(price))
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Homes, aes(x = region, y = price)) +
geom_boxplot() +
theme_bw() +
facet_grid(year ~ .)
## End(Not run)
Homework Number of hours per week spent on homework for private and public
high school students
Description
Usage
Homework
Format
A data frame with 30 observations on two variables
school type of school either private or public

time number of hours per week spent on homework
References
Examples
boxplot(time ~ school, data = Homework,

ylab = "Hours per week spent on homework")
#
t.test(time ~ school, data = Homework)
Honda 123
Honda Miles per gallon for a Honda Civic on 35 different occasions
Description
Usage
Honda
Format
mileage miles per gallon for a Honda Civic
References
Examples
t.test(Honda$mileage, mu = 40, alternative = "less")
Hostile Hostility levels of high school students from rural, suburban, and ur-
ban areas
Description
Usage
Hostile
Format
location a factor with the location of the high school student (Rural, Suburban, or Urban)
hostility the score from the Hostility Level Test
124 Housing
References
Examples
boxplot(hostility ~ location, data = Hostile,

kruskal.test(hostility ~ location, data = Hostile)
Housing Median home prices for 1984 and 1993 in 37 markets across the U.S.
Description
Usage
Housing
Format
city a character variable with values Albany, Anaheim, Atlanta, Baltimore, Birmingham, Boston,
Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Ft Lauderdale,
Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Louisville, Memphis, Miami, Milwaukee,
Minneapolis, Nashville, New York, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, Providence, Rochester,
Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, St Louis, Tampa,
and Washington
price median house price (in dollars)
Source
National Association of Realtors.
References
Hurrican 125
Examples
stripchart(price ~ year, data = Housing, method = "stack",

pch = 1, col = c("red", "blue"))
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Housing, aes(x = price, fill = year)) +
geom_dotplot() +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Hurrican Number of storms, hurricanes and El Nino effects from 1950 through
1995
Description
Data for Exercises 1.38, 10.19, and Example 1.6
Usage
Hurrican
Format
year a numeric vector indicating year

storms a numeric vector recording number of storms
hurrican a numeric vector recording number of hurricanes
elnino a factor with levels cold, neutral, and warm
Source
National Hurricane Center.
References
126 Iceberg
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~hurrican, data = Hurrican)

T1
barplot(T1, col = "blue", main = "Problem 1.38",
xlab = "Number of hurricanes",
ylab = "Number of seasons")
boxplot(storms ~ elnino, data = Hurrican,
col = c("blue", "yellow", "red"))
anova(lm(storms ~ elnino, data = Hurrican))
rm(T1)
Iceberg Number of icebergs sighted each month south of Newfoundland and

south of the Grand Banks in 1920
Description
Usage
Iceberg
Format
A data frame with 12 observations on three variables
month a character variable with abbreviated months of the year
Newfoundland number of icebergs sighted south of Newfoundland
Grand Banks number of icebergs sighted south of Grand Banks
Source
N. Shaw, Manual of Meteorology, Vol. 2 (London: Cambridge University Press 1942), 7; and F.
Mosteller and J. Tukey, Data Analysis and Regression (Reading, MA: Addison - Wesley, 1977).
References
Examples
plot(Newfoundland ~ `Grand Banks`, data = Iceberg)

abline(lm(Newfoundland ~ `Grand Banks`, data = Iceberg), col = "blue")
Income 127
Income Percent change in personal income from 1st to 2nd quarter in 2000
Description
Usage
Income
Format
Connecticut, Delaware, District of Colunbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho,
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missour, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee,
Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming
percent_change percent change in income from first quarter to the second quarter of 2000
Source
US Department of Commerce.
References
Examples
Income$class <- cut(Income$percent_change,

breaks = c(-Inf, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, Inf))
T1 <- xtabs(~class, data = Income)
T1
barplot(T1, col = "pink")
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
DF <- as.data.frame(T1)
DF
ggplot2::ggplot(data = DF, aes(x = class, y = Freq)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "purple") +
theme_bw()
128 Independent
## End(Not run)
Independent Illustrates a comparison problem for long-tailed distributions
Description
Usage
Independent
Format

group a factor with levels A and B
References
Examples
qqnorm(Independent$score[Independent$group=="A"])
qqline(Independent$score[Independent$group=="A"])
qqnorm(Independent$score[Independent$group=="B"])
qqline(Independent$score[Independent$group=="B"])
boxplot(score ~ group, data = Independent, col = "blue")
wilcox.test(score ~ group, data = Independent)
Indian 129
Indian Educational attainment versus per capita income and poverty rate for
American indians living on reservations
Description
Usage
Indian
Format
A data frame/tibble with ten observations on four variables
reservation a character variable with values Blackfeet, Fort Apache, Gila River, Hopi, Navajo,
Papago, Pine Ridge, Rosebud, San Carlos, and Zuni Pueblo
percent high school percent who have graduated from high school
per capita income per capita income (in dollars)
poverty rate percent poverty
References
Examples

plot(`per capita income` ~ `percent high school`, data = Indian,
xlab = "Percent high school graudates", ylab = "Per capita income")
plot(`poverty rate` ~ `percent high school`, data = Indian,
xlab = "Percent high school graudates", ylab = "Percent poverty")
130 Indy500
Indiapol Average miles per hour for the winners of the Indianapolis 500 race
Description
Usage
Indiapol
Format
year the year of the race

speed the winners average speed (in mph)
Source
The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2000, p. 1004.
References
Examples
plot(speed ~ year, data = Indiapol, type = "b")
Indy500 Qualifying miles per hour and number of previous starts for drivers in
79th Indianapolis 500 race
Description
Usage
Indy500
Inflatio 131
Format
driver a character variable with values andretti, bachelart, boesel, brayton, c.guerrero,
cheever, fabi, fernandez, ferran, fittipaldi, fox, goodyear, gordon, gugelmin, herta,
james, johansson, jones, lazier, luyendyk, matsuda, matsushita, pruett, r.guerrero,
rahal, ribeiro, salazar, sharp, sullivan, tracy, vasser, villeneuve, and zampedri
qualif qualifying speed (in mph)
starts number of Indianapolis 500 starts
group a numeric vector where 1 indicates the driver has 4 or fewer Indianapolis 500 starts and a 2
for drivers with 5 or more Indianapolis 500 starts
References
Examples
stripchart(qualif ~ group, data = Indy500, method = "stack",

boxplot(qualif ~ group, data = Indy500)
t.test(qualif ~ group, data = Indy500)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Indy500, aes(sample = qualif)) +
geom_qq() +
facet_grid(group ~ .) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Inflatio Private pay increase of salaried employees versus inflation rate
Description
Usage
Inflatio
132 Inletoil
Format
year a numeric vector of years

pay average hourly wage for salaried employees (in dollars)
increase percent increase in hourly wage over previous year
inflation percent inflation rate
Source
References
Examples
plot(increase ~ inflation, data = Inflatio)

cor(Inflatio$increase, Inflatio$inflation, use = "complete.obs")
Inletoil Inlet oil temperature through a valve
Description
Usage
Inletoil
Format
temp inlet oil temperature (Fahrenheit)
References
Inmate 133
Examples
hist(Inletoil$temp, breaks = 3)
qqnorm(Inletoil$temp)
qqline(Inletoil$temp)
t.test(Inletoil$temp)
t.test(Inletoil$temp, mu = 98, alternative = "less")
Inmate Type of drug offense by race
Description
Usage
Inmate
Format
race a factor with levels white, black, and hispanic

drug a factor with levels heroin, crack, cocaine, and marijuana
Source
C. Wolf Harlow (1994), Comparing Federal and State Prison Inmates, NCJ-145864, U.S. Depart-
ment of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~race + drug, data = Inmate)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
134 Inspect
Inspect Percent of vehicles passing inspection by type inspection station
Description
Usage
Inspect
Format
station a factor with levels auto inspection, auto repair, car care center, gas station,
new car dealer, and tire store
passed a factor with levels less than 70%, between 70% and 84%, and more than 85%
Source
The Charlotte Observer, December 13, 1992.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~ station + passed, data = Inspect)

T1
barplot(T1, beside = TRUE, legend = TRUE)
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Inspect, aes(x = passed, fill = station)) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Insulate 135
Insulate Heat loss through a new insulating medium
Description
Usage
Insulate
Format
A data frame/tibble with ten observations on two variables
temp outside temperature (in degrees Celcius)

loss heat loss (in BTUs)
References
Examples
plot(loss ~ temp, data = Insulate)

model <- lm(loss ~ temp, data = Insulate)
abline(model, col = "blue")
summary(model)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Insulate, aes(x = temp, y = loss)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
136 Irises
Iqgpa GPA versus IQ for 12 individuals
Description
Usage
Iqgpa
Format
iq IQ scores
gpa Grade point average
References
Examples
plot(gpa ~ iq, data = Iqgpa, col = "blue", pch = 19)

model <- lm(gpa ~ iq, data = Iqgpa)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Irises R.A. Fishers famous data on Irises
Description
Data for Examples 1.15 and 5.19
Usage
Irises
Jdpower 137
Format
A data frame/tibble with 150 observations on five variables
sepal_length sepal length (in cm)

sepal_width sepal width (in cm)
petal_length petal length (in cm)
petal_width petal width (in cm)
species a factor with levels setosa, versicolor, and virginica
Source
Fisher, R. A. (1936) The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of Eugenics,
7, Part II, 179-188.
References
Examples
tapply(Irises$sepal_length, Irises$species, mean)

t.test(Irises$sepal_length[Irises$species == "setosa"], conf.level = 0.99)
hist(Irises$sepal_length[Irises$species == "setosa"],
main = "Sepal length for\n Iris Setosa",
xlab = "Length (in cm)")
boxplot(sepal_length ~ species, data = Irises)
Jdpower Number of problems reported per 100 cars in 1994 versus 1995s
Description
Data for Exercise 2.14, 2.17, 2.31, 2.33, and 2.40
Usage
Jdpower
138 Jobsat
Format
car a factor with levels Acura, BMW, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Dodge Eagle, Ford, Geo,
Honda, Hyundai, Infiniti, Jaguar, Lexus, Lincoln, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Mercury,
Mitsubishi, Nissan, Oldsmobile, Plymouth, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn, and Subaru, Toyota
Volkswagen, Volvo
1994 number of problems per 100 cars in 1994
1995 number of problems per 100 cars in 1995
Source
USA Today, May 25, 1995.
References
Examples
model <- lm(`1995` ~ `1994`, data = Jdpower)

summary(model)
plot(`1995` ~ `1994`, data = Jdpower)
rm(model)
Jobsat Job satisfaction and stress level for 9 school teachers
Description
Usage
Jobsat
Format
wspt Wilson Stress Profile score for teachers

satisfaction job satisfaction score
Kidsmoke 139
References
Examples
plot(satisfaction ~ wspt, data = Jobsat)

model <- lm(satisfaction ~ wspt, data = Jobsat)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Kidsmoke Smoking habits of boys and girls ages 12 to 18
Description
Usage
Kidsmoke
Format
gender character vector with values female and male

smoke a character vector with values no and yes
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~smoke + gender, data = Kidsmoke)

T1
prop.table(T1)
prop.table(T1, 1)
prop.table(T1, 2)
140 Kinder
Kilowatt Rates per kilowatt-hour for each of the 50 states and DC
Description
Usage
Kilowatt
Format
state a factor with levels Alabama Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas California, Colorado, Connecticut,
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa Kansas Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missour, Montana Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia
rate a numeric vector indicating rates for kilowatt per hour
References
Examples
EDA(Kilowatt$rate)
Kinder Reading scores for first grade children who attended kindergarten ver-
sus those who did not
Description
Usage
Kinder
Laminect 141
Format
pair a numeric indicator of pair
kinder reading score of kids who went to kindergarten
nokinder reading score of kids who did not go to kindergarten
References
Examples
boxplot(Kinder$kinder, Kinder$nokinder)
diff <- Kinder$kinder - Kinder$nokinder
qqnorm(diff)
qqline(diff)
shapiro.test(diff)
t.test(Kinder$kinder, Kinder$nokinder, paired = TRUE)
# Or
t.test(diff)
rm(diff)
Laminect Median costs of laminectomies at hospitals across North Carolina in

1992
Description
Usage
Laminect
Format
area a character vector indicating the area of the hospital with Rural, Regional, and Metropol
cost a numeric vector indicating cost of a laminectomy
Source
142 Lead
References
Examples
boxplot(cost ~ area, data = Laminect, col = topo.colors(3))

anova(lm(cost ~ area, data = Laminect))
Lead Lead levels in children’s blood whose parents worked in a battery fac-
tory
Description
Usage
Lead
Format
group a character vector with values exposed and control

lead a numeric vector indicating the level of lead in children’s blood (in micrograms/dl)
Source
Morton, D. et al. (1982), "Lead Absorption in Children of Employees in a Lead-Related Industry,"
American Journal of Epidemiology, 155, 549-555.
References
Examples
boxplot(lead ~ group, data = Lead, col = topo.colors(2))

Leader 143
Leader Leadership exam scores by age for employees on an industrial plant
Description
Usage
Leader
Format
age a character vector indicating age with values under35 and over35
score score on a leadership exam
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ age, data = Leader, col = c("gray", "green"))

t.test(score ~ age, data = Leader)
Lethal Survival time of mice injected with an experimental lethal drug
Description
Usage
Lethal
Format
survival a numeric vector indicating time surivived after injection (in seconds)
144 Life
References
Examples
SIGN.test(Lethal$survival, md = 45, alternative = "less")
Life Life expectancy of men and women in U.S.
Description
Usage
Life
Format
year a numeric vector indicating year
men life expectancy for men (in years)
women life expectancy for women (in years)
Source
National Center for Health Statistics.
References
Examples
plot(men ~ year, type = "l", ylim = c(min(men, women), max(men, women)),

col = "blue", main = "Life Expectancy vs Year", ylab = "Age",
xlab = "Year", data = Life)
lines(women ~ year, col = "red", data = Life)
text(1955, 65, "Men", col = "blue")
text(1955, 70, "Women", col = "red")
Lifespan 145
Lifespan Life span of electronic components used in a spacecraft versus heat
Description
Data for Exercise 2.4, 2.37, and 2.49
Usage
Lifespan
Format
A data frame/tibble with six observations two variables
heat temperature (in Celcius)

life lifespan of component (in hours)
References
Examples
plot(life ~ heat, data = Lifespan)

model <- lm(life ~ heat, data = Lifespan)
resid(model)
sum((resid(model))^2)
anova(model)
rm(model)
Ligntmonth Relationship between damage reports and deaths caused by lightning
Description
Usage
Ligntmonth
146 Lodge
Format
month a factor with levels 1/01/2000, 10/01/2000, 11/01/2000, 12/01/2000, 2/01/2000, 3/01/2000,
4/01/2000, 5/01/2000, 6/01/2000, 7/01/2000, 8/01/2000, and 9/01/2000
deaths number of deaths due to lightning strikes
injuries number of injuries due to lightning strikes
damage damage due to lightning strikes (in dollars)
Source
Lighting Fatalities, Injuries and Damage Reports in the United States, 1959-1994, NOAA Technical
Memorandum NWS SR-193, Dept. of Commerce.
References
Examples
plot(deaths ~ damage, data = Ligntmonth)

model = lm(deaths ~ damage, data = Ligntmonth)
rm(model)
Lodge Measured traffic at three prospective locations for a motor lodge
Description
Usage
Lodge
Format
A data frame/tibble with 45 observations on six variables
traffic a numeric vector indicating the amount of vehicles that passed a site in 1 hour
site a numeric vector with values 1, 2, and 3
ranks ranks for variable traffic
Longtail 147
References
Examples
boxplot(traffic ~ site, data = Lodge, col = cm.colors(3))

anova(lm(traffic ~ factor(site), data = Lodge))
Longtail Long-tailed distributions to illustrate Kruskal Wallis test
Description
Usage
Longtail
Format

group a numeric vector with values 1, 2, and 3
ranks ranks for variable score
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ group, data = Longtail, col = heat.colors(3))

kruskal.test(score ~ factor(group), data = Longtail)
anova(lm(score ~ factor(group), data = Longtail))
148 Magnesiu
Lowabil Reading skills of 24 matched low ability students
Description
Usage
Lowabil
Format
pair a numeric indicator of pair
experiment score of the child with the experimental method
control score of the child with the standard method
References
Examples
diff = Lowabil$experiment - Lowabil$control

qqnorm(diff)
qqline(diff)
shapiro.test(diff)
t.test(Lowabil$experiment, Lowabil$control, paired = TRUE)
# OR
t.test(diff)
rm(diff)
Magnesiu Magnesium concentration and distances between samples
Description
Usage
Magnesiu
Malpract 149
Format
distance distance between samples

magnesium concentration of magnesium
Source
Davis, J. (1986), Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2d. Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York,
p. 146.
References
Examples
plot(magnesium ~ distance, data = Magnesiu)

model = lm(magnesium ~ distance, data = Magnesiu)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Malpract Amounts awarded in 17 malpractice cases
Description
Usage
Malpract
Format
award malpractice reward (in $1000)
References
150 Marked
Examples
SIGN.test(Malpract$award, conf.level = 0.90)
Manager Advertised salaries offered general managers of major corporations

in 1995
Description
Usage
Manager
Format
salary random sample of advertised annual salaries of top executives (in dollars)
References
Examples
stem(Manager$salary)
SIGN.test(Manager$salary)
Marked Percent of marked cars in 65 police departments in Florida
Description
Usage
Marked
Math 151
Format
percent percentage of marked cars in 65 Florida police departments
Source
Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 1993, Bureau of Justice Statistics,
NCJ-148825, September 1995, p. 147-148.
References
Examples
EDA(Marked$percent)
SIGN.test(Marked$percent, md = 60, alternative = "greater")
t.test(Marked$percent, mu = 60, alternative = "greater")
Math Standardized math test scores for 30 students
Description
Usage
Math
Format
score scores on a standardized test for 30 tenth graders
References
152 Mathcomp
Examples
stem(Math$score)
hist(Math$score, main = "Math Scores", xlab = "score", freq = FALSE)
lines(density(Math$score), col = "red")
CharlieZ <- (62 - mean(Math$score))/sd(Math$score)
CharlieZ
scale(Math$score)[which(Math$score == 62)]
Mathcomp Standardized math competency for a group of entering freshmen at a

small community college
Description
Usage
Mathcomp
Format
A data frame/tibble with 31 observations one variable
score scores of 31 entering freshmen at a community college on a national standardized test
References
Examples
stem(Mathcomp$score)
EDA(Mathcomp$score)
Mathpro 153
Mathpro Math proficiency and SAT scores by states
Description
Data for Exercise 9.24, Example 9.1, and Example 9.6
Usage
Mathpro
Format
state a factor with levels Conn, D.C., Del, Ga, Hawaii, Ind, Maine, Mass, Md, N.C., N.H., N.J.,
N.Y., Ore, Pa, R.I., S.C., Va, and Vt
sat_math SAT math scores for high school seniors
profic math proficiency scores for eigth graders
Source
National Assessment of Educational Progress and The College Board.
References
Examples
model <- lm(sat_math ~ profic, data = Mathpro)

plot(sat_math ~ profic, data = Mathpro, ylab = "SAT", xlab = "proficiency")
summary(model)
rm(model)
154 Median
Maze Error scores for four groups of experimental animals running a maze
Description
Usage
Maze
Format
score error scores for animals running through a maze under different conditions
condition a factor with levels CondA, CondB, CondC, and CondD
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ condition, data = Maze, col = rainbow(4))

anova(lm(score ~ condition, data = Maze))
Median Illustrates test of equality of medians with the Kruskal Wallis test
Description
Usage
Median
Format
sample a vector with values Sample1, Sample 2, and Sample 3
value a numeric vector
Mental 155
References
Examples
boxplot(value ~ sample, data = Median, col = rainbow(3))

anova(lm(value ~ sample, data = Median))
kruskal.test(value ~ factor(sample), data = Median)
Mental Median mental ages of 16 girls
Description
Usage
Mental
Format
age mental age of 16 girls
References
Examples
SIGN.test(Mental$age, md = 100)
156 Metrent
Mercury Concentration of mercury in 25 lake trout
Description
Usage
Mercury
Format
mercury a numeric vector measuring mercury (in parts per million)
References
Examples
stem(Mercury$mercury)
Metrent Monthly rental costs in metro areas with 1 million or more persons
Description
Usage
Metrent
Format
rent monthly rent in dollars

Miller 157
Source
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Housing in the Metropolitan Areas, Statistical Brief SB/94/19, Septem-
ber 1994.
References
Examples
boxplot(Metrent$rent, col = "magenta")

t.test(Metrent$rent, conf.level = 0.99)$conf
Miller Miller personality test scores for a group of college students applying
for graduate school
Description
Usage
Miller
Format
miller scores on the Miller Personality test
References
Examples
stem(Miller$miller)
fivenum(Miller$miller)
boxplot(Miller$miller)
qqnorm(Miller$miller,col = "blue")
qqline(Miller$miller, col = "red")
158 Moisture
Miller1 Twenty scores on the Miller personality test
Description
Usage
Miller1
Format
miller scores on the Miller personality test
References
Examples
stem(Miller1$miller)
stem(Miller1$miller, scale = 2)
Moisture Moisture content and depth of core sample for marine muds in eastern
Louisiana
Description
Usage
Moisture
Format
depth a numeric vector
moisture g of water per 100 g of dried sediment
lnmoist a numeric vector
depthsq a numeric vector
Monoxide 159
Source
Davis, J. C. (1986), Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2d. ed., John Wiley and Sons, New
York, pp. 177, 185.
References
Examples
plot(moisture ~ depth, data = Moisture)

model <- lm(moisture ~ depth, data = Moisture)
plot(resid(model) ~ depth, data = Moisture)
rm(model)
Monoxide Carbon monoxide emitted by smoke stacks of a manufacturer and a

competitor
Description
Usage
Monoxide
Format
company a vector with values manufacturer and competitor

emission carbon monoxide emitted
References
160 Movie
Examples
boxplot(emission ~ company, data = Monoxide, col = topo.colors(2))

t.test(emission ~ company, data = Monoxide)
wilcox.test(emission ~ company, data = Monoxide)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Monoxide, aes(x = company, y = emission)) +
geom_boxplot() +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Movie Moral attitude scale on 15 subjects before and after viewing a movie
Description
Usage
Movie
Format
before moral aptitude before viewing the movie

after moral aptitude after viewing the movie
differ a numeric vector
References
Examples
qqnorm(Movie$differ)
qqline(Movie$differ)
shapiro.test(Movie$differ)
t.test(Movie$after, Movie$before, paired = TRUE, conf.level = 0.99)
wilcox.test(Movie$after, Movie$before, paired = TRUE)
Music 161
Music Improvement scores for identical twins taught music recognition by

two techniques
Description
Usage
Music
Format
method1 a numeric vector measuring the improvement scores on a music recognition test
method2 a numeric vector measuring the improvement scores on a music recognition test
differ method1 - method2
References
Examples
qqnorm(Music$differ)
qqline(Music$differ)
shapiro.test(Music$differ)
t.test(Music$method1, Music$method2, paired = TRUE)
# Or
t.test(Music$differ)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Music, aes(x = differ)) +
geom_dotplot() +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
162 Name
Name Estimated value of a brand name product and the conpany’s revenue
Description
Data for Exercises 2.28, 9.19, and Example 2.8
Usage
Name
Format
brand a factor with levels Band-Aid, Barbie, Birds Eye, Budweiser, Camel, Campbell, Carlsberg,
Coca-Cola, Colgate, Del Monte, Fisher-Price, Gordon's, Green Giant, Guinness, Haagen-Dazs,
Heineken, Heinz, Hennessy, Hermes, Hershey, Ivory, Jell-o, Johnnie Walker, Kellogg,
Kleenex, Kraft, Louis Vuitton, Marlboro, Nescafe, Nestle, Nivea, Oil of Olay,
Pampers, Pepsi-Cola, Planters, Quaker, Sara Lee, Schweppes, Smirnoff, Tampax, Winston,
and Wrigley's
value value in billions of dollars
revenue revenue in billions of dollars
Source
Financial World.
References
Examples
plot(value ~ revenue, data = Name)

model <- lm(value ~ revenue, data = Name)
cor(Name$value, Name$revenue)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Nascar 163
Nascar Efficiency of pit crews for three major NASCAR teams
Description
Usage
Nascar
Format
time duration of pit stop (in seconds)

team a numeric vector representing team 1, 2, or 3
ranks a numeric vector ranking each pit stop in order of speed
References
Examples
boxplot(time ~ team, data = Nascar, col = rainbow(3))

model <- lm(time ~ factor(team), data = Nascar)
summary(model)
anova(model)
rm(model)
Nervous Reaction effects of 4 drugs on 25 subjects with a nervous disorder
Description
Usage
Nervous
164 Newsstand
Format
react a numeric vector representing reaction time
drug a numeric vector indicating each of the 4 drugs
References
Examples
boxplot(react ~ drug, data = Nervous, col = rainbow(4))

model <- aov(react ~ factor(drug), data = Nervous)
summary(model)
TukeyHSD(model)
plot(TukeyHSD(model), las = 1)
Newsstand Daily profits for 20 newsstands
Description
Usage
Newsstand
Format
profit profit of each newsstand (in dollars)
References
Examples
stem(Newsstand$profit)
stem(Newsstand$profit, scale = 3)
Nfldraf2 165
Nfldraf2 Rating, time in 40-yard dash, and weight of top defensive linemen in
the 1994 NFL draft
Description
Usage
Nfldraf2
Format
rating rating of each player on a scale out of 10

forty forty yard dash time (in seconds)
weight weight of each player (in pounds)
References
Examples
plot(rating ~ forty, data = Nfldraf2)

summary(lm(rating ~ forty, data = Nfldraf2))
Nfldraft Rating, time in 40-yard dash, and weight of top offensive linemen in
the 1994 NFL draft
Description
Usage
Nfldraft
166 Nicotine
Format
rating rating of each player on a scale out of 10

forty forty yard dash time (in seconds)
weight weight of each player (in pounds)
Source
USA Today, April 20, 1994.
References
Examples
plot(rating ~ forty, data = Nfldraft)

cor(Nfldraft$rating, Nfldraft$forty)
summary(lm(rating ~ forty, data = Nfldraft))
Nicotine Nicotine content versus sales for eight major brands of cigarettes
Description
Usage
Nicotine
Format
A data frame/tibble with eight observations on two variables
nicotine nicotine content (in milligrams)

sales sales figures (in $100,000)
References
normarea 167
Examples
model <- lm(sales ~ nicotine, data = Nicotine)

plot(sales ~ nicotine, data = Nicotine)
summary(model)
predict(model, newdata = data.frame(nicotine = 1),
interval = "confidence", level = 0.99)
normarea Normal Area
Description
Function that computes and draws the area between two user specified values in a user specified
normal distribution with a given mean and standard deviation
Usage
normarea(lower = -Inf, upper = Inf, m, sig)
Arguments
lower the lower value

upper the upper value
m the mean for the population
sig the standard deviation of the population
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
Examples
normarea(70, 130, 100, 15)

# Finds and P(70 < X < 130) given X is N(100,15).
168 nsize
nsize Required Sample Size
Description
Function to determine required sample size to be within a given margin of error.
Usage
nsize(b, sigma = NULL, p = 0.5, conf.level = 0.95, type = "mu")
Arguments
b the desired bound.
sigma population standard deviation. Not required if using type "pi".
p estimate for the population proportion of successes. Not required if using type
"mu".
conf.level confidence level for the problem, restricted to lie between zero and one.
type character string, one of "mu" or "pi", or just the initial letter of each, indicating
the appropriate parameter. Default value is "mu".
Details
Answer is based on a normal approximation when using type "pi".
Value
Returns required sample size.
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
Examples
nsize(b=.03, p=708/1200, conf.level=.90, type="pi")

# Returns the required sample size (n) to estimate the population
# proportion of successes with a 0.9 confidence interval
# so that the margin of error is no more than 0.03 when the
# estimate of the population propotion of successes is 708/1200.
# This is problem 5.38 on page 257 of Kitchen's BSDA.
nsize(b=.15, sigma=.31, conf.level=.90, type="mu")

# Returns the required sample size (n) to estimate the population
# mean with a 0.9 confidence interval so that the margin
# of error is no more than 0.15. This is Example 5.17 on page
# 261 of Kitchen's BSDA.
ntester 169
ntester Normality Tester
Description
Q-Q plots of randomly generated normal data of the same size as the tested data are generated and
ploted on the perimeter of the graph while a Q-Q plot of the actual data is depicted in the center of
the graph.
Usage
ntester(actual.data)
Arguments
actual.data a numeric vector. Missing and infinite values are allowed, but are ignored in the
calculation. The length of actual.data must be less than 5000 after dropping
nonfinite values.
Details
Q-Q plots of randomly generated normal data of the same size as the tested data are generated and
ploted on the perimeter of the graph sheet while a Q-Q plot of the actual data is depicted in the
center of the graph. The p-values are calculated form the Shapiro-Wilk W-statistic. Function will
only work on numeric vectors containing less than or equal to 5000 observations.
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
References
Shapiro, S.S. and Wilk, M.B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples).
Biometrika 52 : 591-611.
Examples
ntester(rexp(50,1))
# Q-Q plot of random exponential data in center plot
# surrounded by 8 Q-Q plots of randomly generated
# standard normal data of size 50.
170 Orioles
Orange Price of oranges versus size of the harvest
Description
Usage
Orange
Format
A data frame/tibble with six observations on two variables
harvest harvest in millions of boxes

price average price charged by California growers for a 75-pound box of navel oranges
References
Examples
plot(price ~ harvest, data = Orange)

model <- lm(price ~ harvest, data = Orange)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Orioles Salaries of members of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team
Description
Usage
Orioles
Oxytocin 171
Format
first name a factor with levels Albert, Arthur, B.J., Brady, Cal, Charles, dl-Delino, dl-Scott,
Doug, Harold, Heathcliff, Jeff, Jesse, Juan, Lenny, Mike, Rich, Ricky, Scott, Sidney,
Will, and Willis
last name a factor with levels Amaral, Anderson, Baines, Belle, Bones, Bordick, Clark, Conine,
Deshields, Erickson, Fetters, Garcia, Guzman, Johns, Johnson, Kamieniecki, Mussina,
Orosco, Otanez, Ponson, Reboulet, Rhodes, Ripken Jr., Slocumb, Surhoff,Timlin, and
Webster
1999salary a numeric vector containing each player’s salary (in dollars)
References
Examples
stripchart(Orioles$`1999salary`, method = "stack", pch = 19)

## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Orioles, aes(x = `1999salary`)) +
geom_dotplot(dotsize = 0.5) +
labs(x = "1999 Salary") +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Oxytocin Arterial blood pressure of 11 subjects before and after receiving oxy-
tocin
Description
Usage
Oxytocin
Format
subject a numeric vector indicating each subject
before mean arterial blood pressure of subject before receiving oxytocin
after mean arterial blood pressure of subject after receiving oxytocin
172 Parented
References
Examples
diff = Oxytocin$after - Oxytocin$before

qqnorm(diff)
qqline(diff)
shapiro.test(diff)
t.test(Oxytocin$after, Oxytocin$before, paired = TRUE)
rm(diff)
Parented Education backgrounds of parents of entering freshmen at a state uni-

versity
Description
Usage
Parented
Format
education a factor with levels 4yr college degree, Doctoral degree, Grad degree, H.S grad or less,
Some college, and Some grad school
parent a factor with levels mother and father
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~education + parent, data = Parented)

T1
barplot(t(T1), beside = TRUE, legend = TRUE, col = c("blue", "red"))
rm(T1)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
Patrol 173
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Parented, aes(x = education, fill = parent)) +

theme_bw() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 85, vjust = 0.5)) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("pink", "blue")) +
labs(x = "", y = "")
## End(Not run)
Patrol Years of experience and number of tickets given by patrolpersons in

New York City
Description
Usage
Patrol
Format
A data frame/tibble with ten observations on three variables
tickets number of tickets written per week

years patrolperson’s experience (in years)
log_tickets natural log of tickets
References
Examples
model <- lm(tickets ~ years, data = Patrol)

summary(model)
confint(model, level = 0.98)
174 Phone
Pearson Karl Pearson’s data on heights of brothers and sisters
Description
Usage
Pearson
Format
family number indicating family of brother and sister pair

brother height of brother (in inches)
sister height of sister (in inches)
Source
Pearson, K. and Lee, A. (1902-3), On the Laws of Inheritance in Man, Biometrika, 2, 357.
References
Examples
plot(brother ~ sister, data = Pearson, col = "lightblue")

cor(Pearson$brother, Pearson$sister)
Phone Length of long-distance phone calls for a small business firm
Description
Usage
Phone
Poison 175
Format
time duration of long distance phone call (in minutes)
References
Examples
qqnorm(Phone$time)
qqline(Phone$time)
shapiro.test(Phone$time)
SIGN.test(Phone$time, md = 5, alternative = "greater")
Poison Number of poisonings reported to 16 poison control centers
Description
Usage
Poison
Format
A data frame/tibble with 226,361 observations on one variable
type a factor with levels Alcohol, Cleaning agent, Cosmetics, Drugs, Insecticides, and
Plants
Source
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
References
176 Politic
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~type, data = Poison)

T1
par(mar = c(5.1 + 2, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))
barplot(sort(T1, decreasing = TRUE), las = 2, col = rainbow(6))
par(mar = c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))
rm(T1)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Poison, aes(x = type, fill = type)) +
geom_bar() +
theme_bw() +
guides(fill = FALSE)
## End(Not run)
Politic Political party and gender in a voting district
Description
Usage
Politic
Format
party a factor with levels republican, democrat, and other
gender a factor with levels female and male
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~party + gender, data = Politic)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Pollutio 177
Pollutio Air pollution index for 15 randomly selected days for a major western
city
Description
Usage
Pollutio
Format
inde air pollution index
References
Examples
stem(Pollutio$inde)
t.test(Pollutio$inde, conf.level = 0.98)$conf
Porosity Porosity measurements on 20 samples of Tensleep Sandstone, Pennsyl-

vanian from Bighorn Basin in Wyoming
Description
Usage
Porosity
Format
porosity porosity measurement (percent)
178 Poverty
Source
Davis, J. C. (1986), Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2nd edition, pages 63-65.
References
Examples
stem(Porosity$porosity)
fivenum(Porosity$porosity)
boxplot(Porosity$porosity, col = "lightgreen")
Poverty Percent poverty and crime rate for selected cities
Description
Usage
Poverty
Format
city a factor with levels Atlanta, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dayton, O, Detroit, Flint, Mich,
Fresno, C, Gary, Ind, Hartford, C, Laredo, Macon, Ga, Miami, Milwaukee, New Orleans,
Newark, NJ, Rochester,NY, Shreveport, St. Louis, and Waco, Tx
poverty percent of children living in poverty
crime crime rate (per 1000 people)
population population of city
Source
Children’s Defense Fund and the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
References
Precinct 179
Examples
plot(poverty ~ crime, data = Poverty)

model <- lm(poverty ~ crime, data = Poverty)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Precinct Robbery rates versus percent low income in eight precincts
Description
Usage
Precinct
Format
rate robbery rate (per 1000 people)

income percent with low income
References
Examples
plot(rate ~ income, data = Precinct)

model <- (lm(rate ~ income, data = Precinct))
rm(model)
180 Presiden
Prejudic Racial prejudice measured on a sample of 25 high school students
Description
Usage
Prejudic
Format
prejud racial prejudice score
References
Examples
stem(Prejudic$prejud)
EDA(Prejudic$prejud)
Presiden Ages at inauguration and death of U.S. presidents
Description
Usage
Presiden
Press 181
Format
first_initial a factor with levels A., B., C., D., F., G., G. W., H., J., L., M., R., T., U., W., and Z.
last_name a factor with levels Adams, Arthur, Buchanan, Bush, Carter, Cleveland, Clinton,
Coolidge, Eisenhower, Fillmore, Ford, Garfield, Grant, Harding, Harrison, Hayes,
Hoover, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Kennedy, Lincoln, Madison, McKinley, Monroe,
Nixon, Pierce, Polk, Reagan, Roosevelt, Taft, Taylor, Truman, Tyler, VanBuren, Washington,
and Wilson
birth_state a factor with levels ARK, CAL, CONN, GA, IA, ILL, KY, MASS, MO, NC, NEB, NH, NJ, NY, OH,
PA, SC, TEX, VA, and VT
inaugural_age President’s age at inauguration
death_age President’s age at death
References
Examples
pie(xtabs(~birth_state, data = Presiden))

stem(Presiden$inaugural_age)
stem(Presiden$death_age)
par(mar = c(5.1, 4.1 + 3, 4.1, 2.1))
stripchart(x=list(Presiden$inaugural_age, Presiden$death_age),
method = "stack", col = c("green","brown"), pch = 19, las = 1)
par(mar = c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))
Press Degree of confidence in the press versus education level for 20 ran-
domly selected persons
Description
Usage
Press
Format
education_yrs years of education
confidence degree of confidence in the press (the higher the score, the more confidence)
182 Prognost
References
Examples
plot(confidence ~ education_yrs, data = Press)

model <- lm(confidence ~ education_yrs, data = Press)
abline(model, col = "purple")
summary(model)
rm(model)
Prognost Klopfer’s prognostic rating scale for subjects receiving behavior mod-
ification therapy
Description
Usage
Prognost
Format
kprs_score Kloper’s Prognostic Rating Scale score
Source
Newmark, C., et al. (1973), Predictive Validity of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale with
Behavior Modification Techniques, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 246-248.
References
Examples
EDA(Prognost$kprs_score)
t.test(Prognost$kprs_score, mu = 9)
Program 183
Program Effects of four different methods of programmed learning for statistics

students
Description
Usage
Program
Format
method a character variable with values method1, method2, method3, and method4
score standardized test score
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ method, col = c("red", "blue", "green", "yellow"), data = Program)

anova(lm(score ~ method, data = Program))
TukeyHSD(aov(score ~ method, data = Program))
par(mar = c(5.1, 4.1 + 4, 4.1, 2.1))
plot(TukeyHSD(aov(score ~ method, data = Program)), las = 1)
par(mar = c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))
Psat PSAT scores versus SAT scores
Description
Usage
Psat
184 Psych
Format
A data frame/tibble with seven observations on the two variables
psat PSAT score
sat SAT score
References
Examples
model <- lm(sat ~ psat, data = Psat)

plot(Psat$psat, resid(model))
rm(model)
Psych Correct responses for 24 students in a psychology experiment
Description
Usage
Psych
Format
score number of correct repsonses in a psychology experiment
References
Examples
stem(Psych$score)
EDA(Psych$score)
Puerto 185
Puerto Weekly incomes of a random sample of 50 Puerto Rican families in

Miami
Description
Usage
Puerto
Format
income weekly family income (in dollars)
References
Examples
stem(Puerto$income)
boxplot(Puerto$income, col = "purple")
t.test(Puerto$income,conf.level = .90)$conf
Quail Plasma LDL levels in two groups of quail
Description
Data for Exercise 1.53, 1.77, 1.88, 5.66, and 7.50
Usage
Quail
Format
group a character variable with values placebo and treatment
level low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholestrol level
186 Quality
Source
J. McKean, and T. Vidmar (1994), "A Comparison of Two Rank-Based Methods for the Analysis
of Linear Models," The American Statistician, 48, 220-229.
References
Examples
boxplot(level ~ group, data = Quail, horizontal = TRUE, xlab = "LDL Level",

col = c("yellow", "lightblue"))
Quality Quality control test scores on two manufacturing processes
Description
Usage
Quality
Format
process a character variable with values Process1 and Process2

score results of a quality control test
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ process, data = Quality, col = "lightgreen")

t.test(score ~ process, data = Quality)
Rainks 187
Rainks Rainfall in an area of west central Kansas and four surrounding coun-
ties
Description
Usage
Rainks
Format
rain rainfall (in inches)

x1 rainfall (in inches)
Source
R. Picard, K. Berk (1990), Data Splitting, The American Statistician, 44, (2), 140-147.
References
Examples
cor(Rainks)
model <- lm(rain ~ x2, data = Rainks)
summary(model)
188 Rat
Randd Research and development expenditures and sales of a large company
Description
Data for Exercise 9.36 and Example 9.8
Usage
Randd
Format
rd research and development expenditures (in million dollars)

sales sales (in million dollars)
References
Examples
plot(sales ~ rd, data = Randd)

model <- lm(sales ~ rd, data = Randd)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Rat Survival times of 20 rats exposed to high levels of radiation
Description
Data for Exercise 1.52, 1.76, 5.62, and 6.44
Usage
Rat
Ratings 189
Format
survival_time survival time in weeks for rats exposed to a high level of radiation
Source
J. Lawless, Statistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data (New York: Wiley, 1982).
References
Examples
hist(Rat$survival_time)
qqnorm(Rat$survival_time)
qqline(Rat$survival_time)
summary(Rat$survival_time)
t.test(Rat$survival_time)
t.test(Rat$survival_time, mu = 100, alternative = "greater")
Ratings Grade point averages versus teacher’s ratings
Description
Usage
Ratings
Format
rating character variable with students’ ratings of instructor (A-F)

gpa students’ grade point average
References
190 Reaction
Examples
boxplot(gpa ~ rating, data = Ratings, xlab = "Student rating of instructor",

ylab = "Student GPA")
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Ratings, aes(x = rating, y = gpa, fill = rating)) +
geom_boxplot() +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position = "none") +
labs(x = "Student rating of instructor", y = "Student GPA")
## End(Not run)
Reaction Threshold reaction time for persons subjected to emotional stress
Description
Usage
Reaction
Format
time threshold reaction time (in seconds) for persons subjected to emotional stress
References
Examples
stem(Reaction$time)
SIGN.test(Reaction$time, md = 15, alternative = "less")
Reading 191
Reading Standardized reading scores for 30 fifth graders
Description
Usage
Reading
Format
score standardized reading test score

sorted sorted values of score
trimmed trimmed values of sorted
winsoriz winsorized values of score
References
Examples
hist(Reading$score, main = "Exercise 1.72",

col = "lightgreen", xlab = "Standardized reading score")
summary(Reading$score)
sd(Reading$score)
Readiq Reading scores versus IQ scores
Description
Usage
Readiq
192 Referend
Format
reading reading achievement score

iq IQ score
References
Examples
plot(reading ~ iq, data = Readiq)

model <- lm(reading ~ iq, data = Readiq)
predict(model, newdata = data.frame(iq = c(100, 120)))
residuals(model)[c(6, 7)]
rm(model)
Referend Opinion on referendum by view on freedom of the press
Description
Usage
Referend
Format
A data frame with 237 observations on two variables
choice a factor with levels A, B, and C

response a factor with levels for, against, and undecided
References
Region 193
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~choice + response, data = Referend)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
chisq.test(T1)$expected
Region Pollution index taken in three regions of the country
Description
Usage
Region
Format
pollution pollution index

region region of a county (west, central, and east)
ranks ranked values of pollution
References
Examples
boxplot(pollution ~ region, data = Region, col = "gray")

anova(lm(pollution ~ region, data = Region))
194 Rehab
Register Maintenance cost versus age of cash registers in a department store
Description
Data for Exercise 2.3, 2.39, and 2.54
Usage
Register
Format
age age of cash register (in years)

cost maintenance cost of cash register (in dollars)
References
Examples
plot(cost ~ age, data = Register)

model <- lm(cost ~ age, data = Register)
predict(model, newdata = data.frame(age = c(5, 10)))
rm(model)
Rehab Rehabilitative potential of 20 prison inmates as judged by two psychi-

atrists
Description
Usage
Rehab
Remedial 195
Format
inmate inmate identification number

psych1 rating from first psychiatrist on the inmates rehabilative potential
psych2 rating from second psychiatrist on the inmates rehabilative potential
differ psych1 - psych2
References
Examples
boxplot(Rehab$differ)
qqnorm(Rehab$differ)
qqline(Rehab$differ)
t.test(Rehab$differ)
# Or
t.test(Rehab$psych1, Rehab$psych2, paired = TRUE)
Remedial Math placement test score for 35 freshmen females and 42 freshmen
males
Description
Usage
Remedial
Format
gender a character variable with values female and male

score math placement score
References
196 Rentals
Examples
boxplot(score ~ gender, data = Remedial,

col = c("purple", "blue"))
t.test(score ~ gender, data = Remedial, conf.level = 0.98)
t.test(score ~ gender, data = Remedial, conf.level = 0.98)$conf
wilcox.test(score ~ gender, data = Remedial,
conf.int = TRUE, conf.level = 0.98)
Rentals Weekly rentals for 45 apartments
Description
Usage
Rentals
Format
rent weekly apartment rental price (in dollars)
References
Examples
stem(Rentals$rent)
sum(Rentals$rent < mean(Rentals$rent) - 3*sd(Rentals$rent) |
Rentals$rent > mean(Rentals$rent) + 3*sd(Rentals$rent))
Repair 197
Repair Recorded times for repairing 22 automobiles involved in wrecks
Description
Usage
Repair
Format
time time to repair a wrecked in car (in hours)
References
Examples
stem(Repair$time)
SIGN.test(Repair$time, conf.level = 0.98)
Retail Length of employment versus gross sales for 10 employees of a large

retail store
Description
Usage
Retail
Format
months length of employment (in months)
sales employee gross sales (in dollars)
198 Ronbrown1
References
Examples
plot(sales ~ months, data = Retail)

model <- lm(sales ~ months, data = Retail)
summary(model)
Ronbrown1 Oceanography data obtained at site 1 by scientist aboard the ship Ron
Brown
Description
Usage
Ronbrown1
Format
depth ocen depth (in meters)

temperature ocean temperature (in Celsius)
References
Examples
plot(temperature ~ depth, data = Ronbrown1, ylab = "Temperature")

Ronbrown2 199
Ronbrown2 Oceanography data obtained at site 2 by scientist aboard the ship Ron
Brown
Description
Data for Exercise 2.56 and Example 2.4
Usage
Ronbrown2
Format
depth ocean depth (in meters)

temperature ocean temperature (in Celcius)
salinity ocean salinity level
References
Examples
plot(salinity ~ depth, data = Ronbrown2)

model <- lm(salinity ~ depth, data = Ronbrown2)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Rural Social adjustment scores for a rural group and a city group of children
Description
Usage
Rural
200 Salary
Format
score child’s social adjustment score

area character variable with values city and rural
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ area, data = Rural)

wilcox.test(score ~ area, data = Rural)
## Not run:
library(dplyr)
Rural <- dplyr::mutate(Rural, r = rank(score))
Rural
t.test(r ~ area, data = Rural)
## End(Not run)
Salary Starting salaries for 25 new PhD psychologist
Description
Usage
Salary
Format
salary starting salary for Ph.D. psycholgists (in dollars)
References
Salinity 201
Examples
qqnorm(Salary$salary, pch = 19, col = "purple")

qqline(Salary$salary, col = "blue")
Salinity Surface-water salinity measurements from Whitewater Bay, Florida
Description
Usage
Salinity
Format
salinity surface-water salinity value
Source
J. Davis, Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2nd ed. (New York: John Wiley, 1986).
References
Examples
stem(Salinity$salinity)
qqnorm(Salinity$salinity, pch = 19, col = "purple")
qqline(Salinity$salinity, col = "blue")
t.test(Salinity$salinity, conf.level = 0.99)
t.test(Salinity$salinity, conf.level = 0.99)$conf
202 Sat
Sat SAT scores, percent taking exam and state funding per student by state
for 1994, 1995 and 1999
Description
Usage
Sat
Format
A data frame/tibble with 102 observations on seven variables
state U.S. state
verbal verbal SAT score
math math SAT score
total combined verbal and math SAT score
percent percent of high school seniors taking the SAT
expend state expenditure per student (in dollars)
year year
Source
The 2000 World Almanac and Book of Facts, Funk and Wagnalls Corporation, New Jersey.
References
Examples
Sat94 <- Sat[Sat$year == 1994, ]

Sat94
Sat99 <- subset(Sat, year == 1999)
Sat99
stem(Sat99$total)
plot(total ~ percent, data = Sat99)
model <- lm(total ~ percent, data = Sat99)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Saving 203
Saving Problem asset ration for savings and loan companies in California,
New York, and Texas
Description
Usage
Saving
Format
par problem-asset-ratio for Savings & Loans that were listed as being financially troubled in 1992
state U.S. state
References
Examples
boxplot(par ~ state, data = Saving, col = "red")

boxplot(par ~ state, data = Saving, log = "y", col = "red")
model <- aov(par ~ state, data = Saving)
summary(model)
plot(TukeyHSD(model))
kruskal.test(par ~ factor(state), data = Saving)
Scales Readings obtained from a 100 pound weight placed on four brands of
bathroom scales
Description
Usage
Scales
204 Schizop2
Format
brand variable indicating brand of bathroom scale (A, B, C, or D)
reading recorded value (in pounds) of a 100 pound weight
References
Examples
boxplot(reading ~ brand, data = Scales, col = rainbow(4),

ylab = "Weight (lbs)")
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Scales, aes(x = brand, y = reading, fill = brand)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(y = "weight (lbs)") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position = "none")
## End(Not run)
Schizop2 Exam scores for 17 patients to assess the learning ability of

schizophrenics after taking a specified does of a tranquilizer
Description
Usage
Schizop2
Format
score schizophrenics score on a second standardized exam
References
Schizoph 205
Examples
hist(Schizop2$score, xlab = "score on standardized test after a tranquilizer",

main = "Exercise 6.99", breaks = 10, col = "orange")
EDA(Schizop2$score)
SIGN.test(Schizop2$score, md = 22, alternative = "greater")
Schizoph Standardized exam scores for 13 patients to investigate the learning

ability of schizophrenics after a specified dose of a tranquilizer
Description
Usage
Schizoph
Format
score schizophrenics score on a standardized exam one hour after recieving a specified dose of a
tranqilizer.
References
Examples
hist(Schizoph$score, xlab = "score on standardized test",

main = "Example 6.10", breaks = 10, col = "orange")
EDA(Schizoph$score)
t.test(Schizoph$score, mu = 20)
206 Seatbelt
Seatbelt Injury level versus seatbelt usage
Description
Usage
Seatbelt
Format
seatbelt a factor with levels No and Yes

injuries a factor with levels None, Minimal, Minor, or Major indicating the extent of the drivers
injuries
Source
Jobson, J. (1982), Applied Multivariate Data Analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 18.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~seatbelt + injuries, data = Seatbelt)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Selfdefe 207
Selfdefe Self-confidence scores for 9 women before and after instructions on

self-defense
Description
Usage
Selfdefe
Format
woman number identifying the woman

before before the course self-confidence score
after after the course self-confidence score
References
Examples
Selfdefe$differ <- Selfdefe$after - Selfdefe$before

Selfdefe
t.test(Selfdefe$differ, alternative = "greater")
t.test(Selfdefe$after, Selfdefe$before,
paired = TRUE, alternative = "greater")
Senior Reaction times of 30 senior citizens applying for drivers license re-
newals
Description
Usage
Senior
208 Sentence
Format
reaction reaction time for senior citizens applying for a driver’s license renewal
References
Examples
stem(Senior$reaction)
fivenum(Senior$reaction)
boxplot(Senior$reaction, main = "Problem 1.83, part d",
horizontal = TRUE, col = "purple")
Sentence Sentences of 41 prisoners convicted of a homicide offense
Description
Usage
Sentence
Format
months sentence length (in months) for prisoners convicted of homocide
Source
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison Sentences and Time Served for
Violence, NCJ-153858, April 1995.
References
Shkdrug 209
Examples
stem(Sentence$months)
ll <- mean(Sentence$months)-2*sd(Sentence$months)
ul <- mean(Sentence$months)+2*sd(Sentence$months)
limits <- c(ll, ul)
limits
rm(ul, ll, limits)
Shkdrug Effects of a drug and electroshock therapy on the ability to solve simple
tasks
Description
Usage
Shkdrug
Format
treatment type of treament Drug/NoS, Drug/Shk, NoDg/NoS, or NoDrug/S

response number of tasks completed in a 10-minute period
References
Examples
boxplot(response ~ treatment, data = Shkdrug, col = "gray")

model <- lm(response ~ treatment, data = Shkdrug)
anova(model)
rm(model)
210 Shoplift
Shock Effect of experimental shock on time to complete difficult task
Description
Usage
Shock
Format
group grouping variable with values of Group1 (no shock), Group2 (medium shock), and Group3
(severe shock)
attempts number of attempts to complete a task
References
Examples
boxplot(attempts ~ group, data = Shock, col = "violet")

model <- lm(attempts ~ group, data = Shock)
anova(model)
rm(model)
Shoplift Sales receipts versus shoplifting losses for a department store
Description
Usage
Shoplift
Short 211
Format
sales sales (in 1000 dollars)

loss loss (in 100 dollars)
References
Examples
plot(loss ~ sales, data = Shoplift)

model <- lm(loss ~ sales, data = Shoplift)
summary(model)
rm(model)
Short James Short’s measurements of the parallax of the sun
Description
Usage
Short
Format
sample sample number

parallax parallax measurements (seconds of a degree)
References
212 Shuttle
Examples
hist(Short$parallax, main = "Problem 6.65",

xlab = "", col = "orange")
SIGN.test(Short$parallax, md = 8.798)
t.test(Short$parallax, mu = 8.798)
Shuttle Number of people riding shuttle versus number of automobiles in the

downtown area
Description
Usage
Shuttle
Format
users number of shuttle riders

autos number of automobiles in the downtown area
References
Examples
plot(autos ~ users, data = Shuttle)

model <- lm(autos ~ users, data = Shuttle)
summary(model)
rm(model)
SIGN.test 213
SIGN.test Sign Test
Description
This function will test a hypothesis based on the sign test and reports linearly interpolated confi-
dence intervals for one sample problems.
Usage
SIGN.test(x, y = NULL, md = 0, alternative = "two.sided",
conf.level = 0.95, ...)
Arguments
x numeric vector; NAs and Infs are allowed but will be removed.
y optional numeric vector; NAs and Infs are allowed but will be removed.
md a single number representing the value of the population median specified by
the null hypothesis
alternative is a character string, one of "greater", "less", or "two.sided", or the initial
letter of each, indicating the specification of the alternative hypothesis. For one-
sample tests, alternative refers to the true median of the parent population in
relation to the hypothesized value of the median.
conf.level confidence level for the returned confidence interval, restricted to lie between
zero and one
... further arguments to be passed to or from methods
Details
Computes a “Dependent-samples Sign-Test” if both x and y are provided. If only x is provided,
computes the “Sign-Test”.
Value
A list of class htest_S, containing the following components:
statistic the S-statistic (the number of positive differences between the data and the hy-
pothesized median), with names attribute “S”.
p.value the p-value for the test
conf.int is a confidence interval (vector of length 2) for the true median based on linear
interpolation. The confidence level is recorded in the attribute conf.level.
When the alternative is not "two.sided", the confidence interval will be half-
infinite, to reflect the interpretation of a confidence interval as the set of all
values k for which one would not reject the null hypothesis that the true mean
or difference in means is k. Here infinity will be represented by Inf.
214 SIGN.test
estimate is avector of length 1, giving the sample median; this estimates the correspond-
ing population parameter. Component estimate has a names attribute describ-
ing its elements.
null.value is the value of the median specified by the null hypothesis. This equals the
input argument md. Component null.value has a names attribute describing its
elements.
alternative records the value of the input argument alternative: "greater", "less", or
"two.sided"
data.name a character string (vector of length 1) containing the actual name of the input
vector x
Confidence.Intervals
a 3 by 3 matrix containing the lower achieved confidence interval, the interpo-
lated confidence interval, and the upper achived confidence interval
Null Hypothesis
For the one-sample sign-test, the null hypothesis is that the median of the population from which
x is drawn is md. For the two-sample dependent case, the null hypothesis is that the median for
the differences of the populations from which x and y are drawn is md. The alternative hypothesis
indicates the direction of divergence of the population median for x from md (i.e., "greater",
"less", "two.sided".)
Note
The reported confidence interval is based on linear interpolation. The lower and upper confidence
levels are exact.
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
References
Gibbons, J.D. and Chakraborti, S. (1992). Nonparametric Statistical Inference. Marcel Dekker
Inc., New York.
Kitchens, L.J.(2003). Basic Statistics and Data Analysis. Duxbury.
Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical Nonparametric Statistics, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York.
Lehmann, E. L. (1975). Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks. Holden and Day,
San Francisco.
See Also
z.test, zsum.test, tsum.test

Simpson 215
Examples
x <- c(7.8, 6.6, 6.5, 7.4, 7.3, 7., 6.4, 7.1, 6.7, 7.6, 6.8)
SIGN.test(x, md = 6.5)
# Computes two-sided sign-test for the null hypothesis
# that the population median for 'x' is 6.5. The alternative
# hypothesis is that the median is not 6.5. An interpolated 95%
# confidence interval for the population median will be computed.
reaction <- c(14.3, 13.7, 15.4, 14.7, 12.4, 13.1, 9.2, 14.2,
14.4, 15.8, 11.3, 15.0)
SIGN.test(reaction, md = 15, alternative = "less")
# Data from Example 6.11 page 330 of Kitchens BSDA.
# Computes one-sided sign-test for the null hypothesis
# that the population median is 15. The alternative
# hypothesis is that the median is less than 15.
# An interpolated upper 95% upper bound for the population
# median will be computed.
Simpson Grade point averages of men and women participating in various

sports-an illustration of Simpson’s paradox
Description
Usage
Simpson
Format
gpa grade point average

sport sport played (basketball, soccer, or track)
gender athlete sex (male, female)
References
216 Situp
Examples
boxplot(gpa ~ gender, data = Simpson, col = "violet")

boxplot(gpa ~ sport, data = Simpson, col = "lightgreen")
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Simpson, aes(x = gender, y = gpa, fill = gender)) +
geom_boxplot() +
facet_grid(.~sport) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Situp Maximum number of situps by participants in an exercise class
Description
Usage
Situp
Format
number maximum number of situps completed in an exercise class after 1 month in the program
References
Examples
stem(Situp$number)
hist(Situp$number, breaks = seq(0, 70, 10), right = FALSE)
hist(Situp$number, breaks = seq(0, 70, 10), right = FALSE,
freq = FALSE, col = "pink", main = "Problem 1.47",
xlab = "Maximum number of situps")
lines(density(Situp$number), col = "red")
Skewed 217
Skewed Illustrates the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test
Description
Usage
Skewed
Format
C1 values from a sample of size 16 from a particular population

C2 values from a sample of size 14 from a particular population
References
Examples
boxplot(Skewed$C1, Skewed$C2, col = c("pink", "lightblue"))

wilcox.test(Skewed$C1, Skewed$C2)
Skin Survival times of closely and poorly matched skin grafts on burn pa-
tients
Description
Usage
Skin
218 Slc
Format
patient patient identification number
close graft survival time in days for a closely matched skin graft on the same burn patient
poor graft survival time in days for a poorly matched skin graft on the same burn patient
differ difference between close and poor (in days)
Source
R. F. Woolon and P. A. Lachenbruch, "Rank Tests for Censored Matched Pairs," Biometrika, 67(1980),
597-606.
References
Examples
stem(Skin$differ)
boxplot(Skin$differ, col = "pink")
summary(Skin$differ)
Slc Sodium-lithium countertransport activity on 190 individuals from six

large English kindred
Description
Usage
Slc
Format
slc Red blood cell sodium-lithium countertransport
Source
Roeder, K., (1994), "A Graphical Technique for Determining the Number of Components in a
Mixture of Normals," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 89, 497-495.
Smokyph 219
References
Examples
EDA(Slc$slc)
hist(Slc$slc, freq = FALSE, xlab = "sodium lithium countertransport",
main = "", col = "lightblue")
lines(density(Slc$slc), col = "purple")
Smokyph Water pH levels of 75 water samples taken in the Great Smoky Moun-
tains
Description
Usage
Smokyph
Format
waterph water sample pH level

code charater variable with values low (elevation below 0.6 miles), and high (elevation above 0.6
miles)
elev elevation in miles
Source
Schmoyer, R. L. (1994), Permutation Tests for Correlation in Regression Errors, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, 89, 1507-1516.
References
220 Snore
Examples
summary(Smokyph$waterph)
tapply(Smokyph$waterph, Smokyph$code, mean)
stripchart(waterph ~ code, data = Smokyph, method = "stack",
t.test(Smokyph$waterph, mu = 7)
SIGN.test(Smokyph$waterph, md = 7)
t.test(waterph ~ code, data = Smokyph, alternative = "less")
t.test(waterph ~ code, data = Smokyph, conf.level = 0.90)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Smokyph, aes(x = waterph, fill = code)) +
geom_dotplot() +
facet_grid(code ~ .) +
## End(Not run)
Snore Snoring versus heart disease
Description
Usage
Snore
Format
snore factor with levels nonsnorer, ocassional snorer, nearly every night, and snores every night
heartdisease factor indicating whether the indiviudal has heart disease (no or yes)
Source
Norton, P. and Dunn, E. (1985), Snoring as a Risk Factor for Disease, British Medical Journal, 291,
630-632.
References
Snow 221
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~ heartdisease + snore, data = Snore)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Snow Concentration of microparticles in snowfields of Greenland and

Antarctica
Description
Usage
Snow
Format
concent concentration of microparticles from melted snow (in parts per billion)
site location of snow sample (Antarctica or Greenland)
Source
Davis, J., Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, John Wiley, New York.
References
Examples
boxplot(concent ~ site, data = Snow, col = c("lightblue", "lightgreen"))

222 Social
Soccer Weights of 25 soccer players
Description
Usage
Soccer
Format
weight soccer players weight (in pounds)
References
Examples
stem(Soccer$weight, scale = 2)
hist(Soccer$weight, breaks = seq(110, 210, 10), col = "orange",
main = "Problem 1.46 \n Weights of Soccer Players",
xlab = "weight (lbs)", right = FALSE)
Social Median income level for 25 social workers from North Carolina
Description
Usage
Social
Format
income annual income (in dollars) of North Carolina social workers with less than five years expe-
rience.
Sophomor 223
References
Examples
SIGN.test(Social$income, md = 27500, alternative = "less")
Sophomor Grade point averages, SAT scores and final grade in college algebra
for 20 sophomores
Description
Usage
Sophomor
Format
student identification number
sat SAT math score
exam final exam grade in college algebra
References
Examples
cor(Sophomor)
plot(exam ~ gpa, data = Sophomor)
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Sophomor, aes(x = gpa, y = exam)) +
geom_point()
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Sophomor, aes(x = sat, y = exam)) +
geom_point()
## End(Not run)
224 Speed
South Murder rates for 30 cities in the South
Description
Usage
South
Format
rate murder rate per 100,000 people
References
Examples
boxplot(South$rate, col = "gray", ylab = "Murder rate per 100,000 people")
Speed Speed reading scores before and after a course on speed reading
Description
Usage
Speed
Format
before reading comprehension score before taking a speed-reading course
after reading comprehension score after taking a speed-reading course
differ after - before (comprehension reading scores)
signranks signed ranked differences
Spellers 225
References
Examples
t.test(Speed$differ, alternative = "greater")

t.test(Speed$signranks, alternative = "greater")
wilcox.test(Speed$after, Speed$before, paired = TRUE, alternative = "greater")
Spellers Standardized spelling test scores for two fourth grade classes
Description
Usage
Spellers
Format
teacher character variable with values Fourth and Colleague

score score on a standardized spelling test
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ teacher, data = Spellers, col = "pink")

t.test(score ~ teacher, data = Spellers)
226 Sports
Spelling Spelling scores for 9 eighth graders before and after a 2-week course
of instruction
Description
Usage
Spelling
Format
before spelling score before a 2-week course of instruction

after spelling score after a 2-week course of instruction
differ after - before (spelling score)
References
Examples
qqnorm(Spelling$differ)
qqline(Spelling$differ)
shapiro.test(Spelling$differ)
t.test(Spelling$before, Spelling$after, paired = TRUE)
t.test(Spelling$differ)
Sports Favorite sport by gender
Description
Usage
Sports
Spouse 227
Format
gender a factor with levels male and female

sport a factor with levels football, basketball, baseball, and tennis
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~gender + sport, data = Sports)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
Spouse Convictions in spouse murder cases by gender
Description
Usage
Spouse
Format
result a factor with levels not prosecuted, pleaded guilty, convicted, and acquited
spouse a factor with levels husband and wife
Source
Bureau of Justice Statistics (September 1995), Spouse Murder Defendants in Large Urban Counties,
Executive Summary, NCJ-156831.
References
228 SRS
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~result + spouse, data = Spouse)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
rm(T1)
SRS Simple Random Sampling
Description
Computes all possible samples from a given population using simple random sampling.
Usage
SRS(POPvalues, n)
Arguments
POPvalues vector containing the poulation values.
n the sample size.
Value
Returns a matrix containing the possible simple random samples of size n taken from a population
POPvalues.
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
See Also
Combinations
Examples
SRS(c(5,8,3),2)
# The rows in the matrix list the values for the 3 possible
# simple random samples of size 2 from the population of 5,8, and 3.
Stable 229
Stable Times of a 2-year old stallion on a one mile run
Description
Usage
Stable
Format
A data frame/tibble with nine observations on one variable
time time (in seconds) for horse to run 1 mile
References
Examples
SIGN.test(Stable$time, md = 98.5, alternative = "greater")
Stamp Thicknesses of 1872 Hidalgo stamps issued in Mexico
Description
Data for Statistical Insight Chapter 1 and Exercise 5.110
Usage
Stamp
Format
thickness stamp thickness (in mm)

230 Statclas
Source
Izenman, A., Sommer, C. (1988), Philatelic Mixtures and Multimodal Densities, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, 83, 941-953.
References
Examples
hist(Stamp$thickness, freq = FALSE, col = "lightblue",

main = "", xlab = "stamp thickness (mm)")
lines(density(Stamp$thickness), col = "blue")
t.test(Stamp$thickness, conf.level = 0.99)
Statclas Grades for two introductory statistics classes
Description
Usage
Statclas
Format
class class meeting time (9am or 2pm)
score grade for an introductory statistics class
References
Examples
str(Statclas)
boxplot(score ~ class, data = Statclas, col = "red")
t.test(score ~ class, data = Statclas)
Statelaw 231
Statelaw Operating expenditures per resident for each of the state law enforce-
ment agencies
Description
Usage
Statelaw
Format
state U.S. state

cost dollars spent per resident on law enforcement
Source
Bureau of Justice Statistics, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 1993,
NCJ-148825, September 1995, page 84.
References
Examples
EDA(Statelaw$cost)
SIGN.test(Statelaw$cost, md = 8, alternative = "less")
Statisti Test scores for two beginning statistics classes
Description
Usage
Statisti
232 Step
Format
class character variable with values Class1 and Class2

score test score for an introductory statistics test
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ class, data = Statisti, col = "violet")

tapply(Statisti$score, Statisti$class, summary, na.rm = TRUE)
## Not run:
library(dplyr)
dplyr::group_by(Statisti, class) %>%
summarize(Mean = mean(score, na.rm = TRUE),
Median = median(score, na.rm = TRUE),
SD = sd(score, na.rm = TRUE),
RS = IQR(score, na.rm = TRUE))
## End(Not run)
Step STEP science test scores for a class of ability-grouped students
Description
Usage
Step
Format
score State test of educational progress (STEP) science test score
References
Stress 233
Examples
EDA(Step$score)
t.test(Step$score, mu = 80, alternative = "less")
wilcox.test(Step$score, mu = 80, alternative = "less")
Stress Short-term memory test scores on 12 subjects before and after a stress-
ful situation
Description
Usage
Stress
Format
prestress short term memory score before being exposed to a stressful situation
poststress short term memory score after being exposed to a stressful situation
References
Examples
diff <- Stress$prestress - Stress$poststress

qqnorm(diff)
qqline(diff)
t.test(diff)
t.test(Stress$prestress, Stress$poststress, paired = TRUE)
## Not run:
wilcox.test(Stress$prestress, Stress$poststress, paired = TRUE)
## End(Not run)
234 Submarin
Study Number of hours studied per week by a sample of 50 freshmen
Description
Usage
Study
Format
hours number of hours a week freshmen reported studying for their courses
References
Examples
stem(Study$hours)
hist(Study$hours, col = "violet")
summary(Study$hours)
Submarin Number of German submarines sunk by U.S. Navy in World War II
Description
Usage
Submarin
Format
month month
reported number of submarines reported sunk by U.S. Navy
actual number of submarines actually sunk by U.S. Navy
Subway 235
Source
F. Mosteller, S. Fienberg, and R. Rourke, Beginning Statistics with Data Analysis (Reading, MA:
Addison-Wesley, 1983).
References
Examples
model <- lm(actual ~ reported, data = Submarin)

summary(model)
plot(actual ~ reported, data = Submarin)
rm(model)
Subway Time it takes a subway to travel from the airport to downtown
Description
Usage
Subway
Format
time time (in minutes) it takes a subway to travel from the airport to downtown
References
Examples
hist(Subway$time, main = "Exercise 5.19",

xlab = "Time (in minutes)", col = "purple")
summary(Subway$time)
236 Sunspot
Sunspot Wolfer sunspot numbers from 1700 through 2000
Description
Usage
Sunspot
Format
year year
sunspots average number of sunspots for the year
References
Examples
plot(sunspots ~ year, data = Sunspot, type = "l")

## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
lattice::xyplot(sunspots ~ year, data = Sunspot,
main = "Yearly sunspots", type = "l")
lattice::xyplot(sunspots ~ year, data = Sunspot, type = "l",
main = "Yearly sunspots", aspect = "xy")
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Sunspot, aes(x = year, y = sunspots)) +
geom_line() +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Superbowl 237
Superbowl Margin of victory in Superbowls I to XXXV
Description
Usage
Superbowl
Format
winning_team name of Suberbowl winning team

winner_score winning score for the Superbowl
losing_team name of Suberbowl losing team
loser_score score of losing teama numeric vector
victory_margin winner_score - loser_score
References
Examples
stem(Superbowl$victory_margin)
Supercar Top speeds attained by five makes of supercars
Description
Usage
Supercar
238 Tablrock
Format
speed top speed (in miles per hour) of car without redlining
car name of sports car
Source
Car and Drvier (July 1995).
References
Examples
boxplot(speed ~ car, data = Supercar, col = rainbow(6),

ylab = "Speed (mph)")
summary(aov(speed ~ car, data = Supercar))
anova(lm(speed ~ car, data = Supercar))
Tablrock Ozone concentrations at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina
Description
Usage
Tablrock
Format
A data frame/tibble with 719 observations on the following 17 variables.
day date
hour time of day
ozone ozone concentration
tmp temperature (in Celcius)
vdc a numeric vector
wd a numeric vector
ws a numeric vector
Tablrock 239
amb a numeric vector

dew a numeric vector
so2 a numeric vector
no a numeric vector
no2 a numeric vector
nox a numeric vector
co a numeric vector
co2 a numeric vector
gas a numeric vector
air a numeric vector
References
Examples
summary(Tablrock$ozone)
boxplot(Tablrock$ozone)
qqnorm(Tablrock$ozone)
qqline(Tablrock$ozone)
par(mar = c(5.1 - 1, 4.1 + 2, 4.1 - 2, 2.1))
boxplot(ozone ~ day, data = Tablrock,
horizontal = TRUE, las = 1, cex.axis = 0.7)
par(mar = c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Tablrock, aes(sample = ozone)) +
geom_qq() +
theme_bw()
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Tablrock, aes(x = as.factor(day), y = ozone)) +
geom_boxplot(fill = "pink") +
coord_flip() +
labs(x = "") +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
240 Teacher
Teacher Average teacher’s salaries across the states in the 70s 80s and 90s
Description
Usage
Teacher
Format
state U.S. state

year academic year
salary avaerage salary (in dollars)
Source
National Education Association.
References
Examples

hist(Teacher$salary[Teacher$year == "1973-74"],
main = "Teacher salary 1973-74", xlab = "salary",
xlim = range(Teacher$salary, na.rm = TRUE))
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Teacher, aes(x = salary)) +
geom_histogram(fill = "purple", color = "black") +
theme_bw()
Tenness 241
## End(Not run)
Tenness Tennessee self concept scores for 20 gifted high school students
Description
Usage
Tenness
Format
score Tennessee Self-Concept Scale score
References
Examples
hist(Tenness$score, freq= FALSE, main = "", col = "green",

xlab = "Tennessee Self-Concept Scale score")
lines(density(Tenness$score))
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Tenness, aes(x = score, y = ..density..)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth = 2, fill = "purple", color = "black") +
geom_density(color = "red", fill = "pink", alpha = 0.3) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
242 Test1
Tensile Tensile strength of plastic bags from two production runs
Description
Usage
Tensile
Format
tensile plastic bag tensile strength (pounds per square inch)
run factor with run number (1 or 2)
References
Examples
boxplot(tensile ~ run, data = Tensile,

col = c("purple", "cyan"))
t.test(tensile ~ run, data = Tensile)
Test1 Grades on the first test in a statistics class
Description
Usage
Test1
Format
score score on first statistics exam
Thermal 243
References
Examples
stem(Test1$score)
boxplot(Test1$score, col = "purple")
Thermal Heat loss of thermal pane windows versus outside temperature
Description
Usage
Thermal
Format
temp temperature (degrees Celcius)

loss heat loss (BTUs)
References
Examples
model <- lm(loss ~ temp, data = Thermal)

summary(model)
plot(loss ~ temp, data = Thermal)
rm(model)
244 Ticket
Tiaa 1999-2000 closing prices for TIAA-CREF stocks
Description
Data for your enjoyment
Usage
Tiaa
Format
crefstk closing price (in dollars)
crefgwt closing price (in dollars)
tiaa closing price (in dollars)
date day of the year
References
Examples
data(Tiaa)
Ticket Time to complete an airline ticket reservation
Description
Usage
Ticket
Format
time time (in seconds) to check out a reservation
Toaster 245
References
Examples
EDA(Ticket$time)
Toaster Consumer Reports (Oct 94) rating of toaster ovens versus the cost
Description
Usage
Toaster
Format
toaster name of toaster
score Consumer Reports score
cost price of toaster (in dollars)
Source
Consumer Reports (October 1994).
References
Examples
plot(cost ~ score, data = Toaster)

model <- lm(cost ~ score, data = Toaster)
summary(model)
names(summary(model))
summary(model)$r.squared
246 Tonsils
Tonsils Size of tonsils collected from 1,398 children
Description
Usage
Tonsils
Format
size a factor with levels Normal, Large, and Very Large

status a factor with levels Carrier and Non-carrier
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~size + status, data = Tonsils)

T1
prop.table(T1, 1)
prop.table(T1, 1)[2, 1]
barplot(t(T1), legend = TRUE, beside = TRUE, col = c("red", "green"))
## Not run:
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
NDF <- dplyr::count(Tonsils, size, status)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = NDF, aes(x = size, y = n, fill = status)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "dodge") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("red", "green")) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Tort 247
Tort The number of torts, average number of months to process a tort, and
county population from the court files of the nation’s largest counties
Description
Usage
Tort
Format
county U.S. county

months average number of months to process a tort
population population of the county
torts number of torts
rate rate per 10,000 residents
Source
U.S. Department of Justice, Tort Cases in Large Counties, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special
Report, April 1995.
References
Examples
EDA(Tort$months)
248 Toxic
Toxic Hazardous waste sites near minority communities
Description
Data for Exercises 1.55, 5.08, 5.109, 8.58, and 10.35
Usage
Toxic
Format
state U.S. state

region U.S. region
sites number of commercial hazardous waste sites
minority percent of minorities living in communities with commercial hazardous waste sites
percent a numeric vector
References
Examples
hist(Toxic$sites, col = "red")

hist(Toxic$minority, col = "blue")
qqnorm(Toxic$minority)
qqline(Toxic$minority)
boxplot(sites ~ region, data = Toxic, col = "lightgreen")
tapply(Toxic$sites, Toxic$region, median)
kruskal.test(sites ~ factor(region), data = Toxic)
Track 249
Track National Olympic records for women in several races
Description
Usage
Track
Format
A data frame with 55 observations on eight variables
country athlete’s country

100m time in seconds for 100 m
800m time in minutes for 800 m
marathon time in minutes for marathon
Source
Dawkins, B. (1989), "Multivariate Analysis of National Track Records," The American Statistician,
43(2), 110-115.
References
Examples
plot(`200m` ~ `100m`, data = Track)

cor(Track[, 2:8])
250 Treatments
Track15 Olympic winning times for the men’s 1500-meter run
Description
Usage
Track15
Format
year Olympic year

time Olympic winning time (in seconds) for the 1500-meter run
Source
References
Examples
plot(time~ year, data = Track15, type = "b", pch = 19,

ylab = "1500m time in seconds", col = "green")
Treatments Illustrates analysis of variance for three treatment groups
Description
Usage
Treatments
Trees 251
Format
score score from an experiment
group factor with levels 1, 2, and 3
References
Examples
boxplot(score ~ group, data = Treatments, col = "violet")

summary(aov(score ~ group, data = Treatments))
summary(lm(score ~ group, data = Treatments))
anova(lm(score ~ group, data = Treatments))
Trees Number of trees in 20 grids
Description
Usage
Trees
Format
number number of trees in a grid
References
Examples
stem(Trees$number)
hist(Trees$number, main = "Exercise 1.50", xlab = "number",
col = "brown")
252 tsum.test
Trucks Miles per gallon for standard 4-wheel drive trucks manufactured by
Chevrolet, Dodge and Ford
Description
Usage
Trucks
Format
mpg miles per gallon

truck a factor with levels chevy, dodge, and ford
References
Examples
boxplot(mpg ~ truck, data = Trucks, horizontal = TRUE, las = 1)

summary(aov(mpg ~ truck, data = Trucks))
tsum.test Summarized t-test
Description
Performs a one-sample, two-sample, or a Welch modified two-sample t-test based on user supplied
summary information. Output is identical to that produced with t.test.
Usage
tsum.test(mean.x, s.x = NULL, n.x = NULL, mean.y = NULL, s.y = NULL,
n.y = NULL, alternative = "two.sided", mu = 0, var.equal = FALSE,
conf.level = 0.95)
tsum.test 253
Arguments
mean.x a single number representing the sample mean of x
s.x a single number representing the sample standard deviation for x
n.x a single number representing the sample size for x
mean.y a single number representing the sample mean of y
s.y a single number representing the sample standard deviation for y
n.y a single number representing the sample size for y
alternative is a character string, one of "greater", "less" or "two.sided", or just the
initial letter of each, indicating the specification of the alternative hypothesis.
For one-sample tests, alternative refers to the true mean of the parent pop-
ulation in relation to the hypothesized value mu. For the standard two-sample
tests, alternative refers to the difference between the true population mean
for x and that for y, in relation to mu. For the one-sample and paired t-tests,
alternative refers to the true mean of the parent population in relation to the
hypothesized value mu. For the standard and Welch modified two-sample t-tests,
alternative refers to the difference between the true population mean for x
and that for y, in relation to mu. For the one-sample t-tests, alternative refers to
the true mean of the parent population in relation to the hypothesized value mu.
For the standard and Welch modified two-sample t-tests, alternative refers to the
difference between the true population mean for x and that for y, in relation to
mu.
mu is a single number representing the value of the mean or difference in means
specified by the null hypothesis.
var.equal logical flag: if TRUE, the variances of the parent populations of x and y are as-
sumed equal. Argument var.equal should be supplied only for the two-sample
tests.
conf.level is the confidence level for the returned confidence interval; it must lie between
zero and one.
Details
If y is NULL, a one-sample t-test is carried out with x. If y is not NULL, either a standard or Welch
modified two-sample t-test is performed, depending on whether var.equal is TRUE or FALSE.
Value
A list of class htest, containing the following components:
statistic the t-statistic, with names attribute "t"

parameters is the degrees of freedom of the t-distribution associated with statistic. Compo-
nent parameters has names attribute "df".
p.value the p-value for the test.
conf.int is a confidence interval (vector of length 2) for the true mean or difference in
means. The confidence level is recorded in the attribute conf.level. When
alternative is not "two.sided", the confidence interval will be half-infinite, to
254 tsum.test
reflect the interpretation of a confidence interval as the set of all values k for
which one would not reject the null hypothesis that the true mean or difference
in means is k . Here infinity will be represented by Inf.
estimate vector of length 1 or 2, giving the sample mean(s) or mean of differences; these
estimate the corresponding population parameters. Component estimate has a
names attribute describing its elements.
null.value the value of the mean or difference in means specified by the null hypothesis.
This equals the input argument mu. Component null.value has a names at-
tribute describing its elements.
alternative records the value of the input argument alternative: "greater" , "less" or
"two.sided".
data.name a character string (vector of length 1) containing the names x and y for the two
summarized samples.
Null Hypothesis
For the one-sample t-test, the null hypothesis is that the mean of the population from which x is
drawn is mu. For the standard and Welch modified two-sample t-tests, the null hypothesis is that the
population mean for x less that for y is mu.
The alternative hypothesis in each case indicates the direction of divergence of the population mean
for x (or difference of means for x and y) from mu (i.e., "greater", "less", or "two.sided").
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
References
Kitchens, L.J. (2003). Basic Statistics and Data Analysis. Duxbury.
Hogg, R. V. and Craig, A. T. (1970). Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 3rd ed. Toronto,
Canada: Macmillan.
Mood, A. M., Graybill, F. A. and Boes, D. C. (1974). Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 3rd
ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. (1980). Statistical Methods, 7th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State
University Press.
See Also
z.test, zsum.test
Examples
tsum.test(mean.x=5.6, s.x=2.1, n.x=16, mu=4.9, alternative="greater")

# Problem 6.31 on page 324 of BSDA states: The chamber of commerce
# of a particular city claims that the mean carbon dioxide
# level of air polution is no greater than 4.9 ppm. A random
# sample of 16 readings resulted in a sample mean of 5.6 ppm,
Tv 255
# and s=2.1 ppm. One-sided one-sample t-test. The null

# hypothesis is that the population mean for 'x' is 4.9.
# The alternative hypothesis states that it is greater than 4.9.
x <- rnorm(12)
tsum.test(mean(x), sd(x), n.x=12)
# Two-sided one-sample t-test. The null hypothesis is that
# the population mean for 'x' is zero. The alternative
# hypothesis states that it is either greater or less
# than zero. A confidence interval for the population mean
# will be computed. Note: above returns same answer as:
t.test(x)
x <- c(7.8, 6.6, 6.5, 7.4, 7.3, 7.0, 6.4, 7.1, 6.7, 7.6, 6.8)
y <- c(4.5, 5.4, 6.1, 6.1, 5.4, 5.0, 4.1, 5.5)
tsum.test(mean(x), s.x=sd(x), n.x=11 ,mean(y), s.y=sd(y), n.y=8, mu=2)
# Two-sided standard two-sample t-test. The null hypothesis
# is that the population mean for 'x' less that for 'y' is 2.
# The alternative hypothesis is that this difference is not 2.
# A confidence interval for the true difference will be computed.
# Note: above returns same answer as:
t.test(x, y)
tsum.test(mean(x), s.x=sd(x), n.x=11, mean(y), s.y=sd(y), n.y=8, conf.level=0.90)

# Two-sided standard two-sample t-test. The null hypothesis
# is that the population mean for 'x' less that for 'y' is zero.
# The alternative hypothesis is that this difference is not
# zero. A 90% confidence interval for the true difference will
# be computed. Note: above returns same answer as:
t.test(x, y, conf.level=0.90)
Tv Percent of students that watch more than 6 hours of TV per day versus
national math test scores
Description
Data for Examples 2.1 and 2.7
Usage
Tv
Format
state U.S. state

256 Twin
percent percent of students who watch more than six hours of TV a day
test state average on national math test
Source
Educational Testing Services.
References
Examples
plot(test ~ percent, data = Tv, col = "blue")

cor(Tv$test, Tv$percent)
Twin Intelligence test scores for identical twins in which one twin is given a
drug
Description
Usage
Twin
Format
twinA score on intelligence test without drug

twinB score on intelligence test after taking drug
differ twinA - twinB
References
Undergrad 257
Examples
qqnorm(Twin$differ)
qqline(Twin$differ)
shapiro.test(Twin$differ)
t.test(Twin$twinA, Twin$twinB, paired = TRUE)
Undergrad Data set describing a sample of undergraduate students
Description
Usage
Undergrad
Format
gender character variable with values Female and Male

major college major
class college year group classification
sat Scholastic Assessment Test score
drops number of courses dropped
References
Examples
stripchart(gpa ~ class, data = Undergrad, method = "stack",

col = c("blue","red","green","lightblue"),
pch = 19, main = "GPA versus Class")
stripchart(gpa ~ gender, data = Undergrad, method = "stack",
col = c("red", "blue"), pch = 19,
main = "GPA versus Gender")
stripchart(sat ~ drops, data = Undergrad, method = "stack",
col = c("blue", "red", "green", "lightblue"),
pch = 19, main = "SAT versus Drops")
258 Vacation
stripchart(drops ~ gender, data = Undergrad, method = "stack",

col = c("red", "blue"), pch = 19, main = "Drops versus Gender")
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Undergrad, aes(x = sat, y = drops, fill = factor(drops))) +
facet_grid(drops ~.) +
geom_dotplot() +
## End(Not run)
Vacation Number of days of paid holidays and vacation leave for sample of 35
textile workers
Description
Usage
Vacation
Format
number number of days of paid holidays and vacation leave taken
References
Examples
boxplot(Vacation$number, col = "violet")

hist(Vacation$number, main = "Exercise 6.46", col = "blue",
xlab = "number of days of paid holidays and vacation leave taken")
t.test(Vacation$number, mu = 24)
Vaccine 259
Vaccine Reported serious reactions due to vaccines in 11 southern states
Description
Usage
Vaccine
Format
state U.S. state
number number of reported serious reactions per million doses of a vaccine
Source
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
References
Examples
stem(Vaccine$number, scale = 2)
fn <- fivenum(Vaccine$number)
fn
iqr <- IQR(Vaccine$number)
iqr
Vehicle Fatality ratings for foreign and domestic vehicles
Description
Usage
Vehicle
260 Verbal
Format
make a factor with levels domestic and foreign

rating a factor with levels Much better than average, Above average, Average, Below average,
and Much worse than average
Source
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and the Highway Loss Data Institute, 1995.
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~make + rating, data = Vehicle)

T1
chisq.test(T1)
Verbal Verbal test scores and number of library books checked out for 15
eighth graders
Description
Usage
Verbal
Format
number number of library books checked out

verbal verbal test score
References
Victoria 261
Examples
plot(verbal ~ number, data = Verbal)

abline(lm(verbal ~ number, data = Verbal), col = "red")
summary(lm(verbal ~ number, data = Verbal))
Victoria Number of sunspots versus mean annual level of Lake Victoria Nyanza
from 1902 to 1921
Description
Usage
Victoria
Format
year year
level mean annual level of Lake Victoria Nyanza
sunspot number of sunspots
Source
N. Shaw, Manual of Meteorology, Vol. 1 (London: Cambridge University Press, 1942), p. 284;
and F. Mosteller and J. W. Tukey, Data Analysis and Regression (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley,
1977).
References
Examples
plot(level ~ sunspot, data = Victoria)

model <- lm(level ~ sunspot, data = Victoria)
summary(model)
rm(model)
262 Visual
Viscosit Viscosity measurements of a substance on two different days
Description
Usage
Viscosit
Format
first viscosity measurement for a certain substance on day one
second viscosity measurement for a certain substance on day two
References
Examples
boxplot(Viscosit$first, Viscosit$second, col = "blue")

t.test(Viscosit$first, Viscosit$second, var.equal = TRUE)
Visual Visual acuity of a group of subjects tested under a specified dose of a

drug
Description
Usage
Visual
Format
visual visual acuity measurement
Vocab 263
References
Examples
stem(Visual$visual)
boxplot(Visual$visual, col = "purple")
Vocab Reading scores before and after vocabulary training for 14 employees
who did not complete high school
Description
Usage
Vocab
Format
first reading test score before formal vocabulary training

second reading test score after formal vocabulary training
References
Examples
t.test(Vocab$first, Vocab$second, paired = TRUE)

264 Wastewat
Wastewat Volume of injected waste water from Rocky Mountain Arsenal and
number of earthquakes near Denver
Description
Usage
Wastewat
Format
gallons injected water (in million gallons)

number number of earthqueakes detected in Denver
Source
Davis, J. C. (1986), Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2 ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York,
p. 228, and Bardwell, G. E. (1970), Some Statistical Features of the Relationship between Rocky
Mountain Arsenal Waste Disposal and Frequency of Earthquakes, Geological Society of America,
Engineering Geology Case Histories, 8, 33-337.
References
Examples
plot(number ~ gallons, data = Wastewat)

model <- lm(number ~ gallons, data = Wastewat)
summary(model)
anova(model)
Weather94 265
Weather94 Weather casualties in 1994
Description
Usage
Weather94
Format
type factor with levels Extreme Temp, Flash Flood, Fog, High Wind, Hurricane, Lighting,
Other, River Flood, Thunderstorm, Tornado, and Winter Weather
References
Examples
T1 <- xtabs(~type, data = Weather94)

T1
par(mar = c(5.1 + 2, 4.1 - 1, 4.1 - 2, 2.1))
barplot(sort(T1, decreasing = TRUE), las = 2, col = rainbow(11))
par(mar = c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))
## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
T2 <- as.data.frame(T1)
T2
ggplot2::ggplot(data =T2, aes(x = reorder(type, Freq), y = Freq)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "purple") +
theme_bw() +
labs(x = "", y = "count")
## End(Not run)
266 Wheat
Wheat Price of a bushel of wheat versus the national weekly earnings of pro-
duction workers
Description
Usage
Wheat
Format
year year
earnings national weekly earnings (in dollars) for production workers
price price for a bushel of wheat (in dollars)
Source
References
Examples

plot(earnings ~ year, data = Wheat)
plot(price ~ year, data = Wheat)
Windmill 267
Windmill Direct current produced by different wind velocities
Description
Usage
Windmill
Format
velocity wind velocity (miles per hour)

output power generated (DC volts)
Source
Joglekar, et al. (1989), Lack of Fit Testing when Replicates Are Not Available, The American
Statistician, 43,(3), 135-143.
References
Examples
summary(lm(output ~ velocity, data = Windmill))

anova(lm(output ~ velocity, data = Windmill))
Window Wind leakage for storm windows exposed to a 50 mph wind
Description
Usage
Window
268 Wins
Format
window window number

leakage percent leakage from a 50 mph wind
References
Examples
SIGN.test(Window$leakage, md = 0.125, alternative = "greater")
Wins Baseball team wins versus seven independent variables for National
league teams in 1990
Description
Usage
Wins
Format
A data frame with 12 observations on nine variables
team name of team

wins number of wins
batavg batting average
rbi runs batted in
stole bases stole
strkout number of strikeots
caught number of times caught stealing
errors number of errors
era earned run average
Wool 269
References
Examples
plot(wins ~ era, data = Wins)

## Not run:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot2::ggplot(data = Wins, aes(x = era, y = wins)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE) +
theme_bw()
## End(Not run)
Wool Strength tests of two types of wool fabric
Description
Usage
Wool
Format
type type of wool (Type I, Type 2)

strength strength of wool
References
Examples
boxplot(strength ~ type, data = Wool, col = c("blue", "purple"))

t.test(strength ~ type, data = Wool, var.equal = TRUE)
270 z.test
Yearsunspot Monthly sunspot activity from 1974 to 2000
Description
Usage
Yearsunspot
Format
number average number of sunspots

year date
Source
NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812.
References
Examples
plot(number ~ year, data = Yearsunspot)
z.test Z-test
Description
This function is based on the standard normal distribution and creates confidence intervals and tests
hypotheses for both one and two sample problems.
Usage
z.test(x, y = NULL, alternative = "two.sided", mu = 0, sigma.x = NULL,
sigma.y = NULL, conf.level = 0.95)
z.test 271
Arguments
x numeric vector; NAs and Infs are allowed but will be removed.
y numeric vector; NAs and Infs are allowed but will be removed.
alternative character string, one of "greater", "less" or "two.sided", or the initial let-
ter of each, indicating the specification of the alternative hypothesis. For one-
sample tests, alternative refers to the true mean of the parent population
in relation to the hypothesized value mu. For the standard two-sample tests,
and that for y, in relation to mu.
mu a single number representing the value of the mean or difference in means spec-
ified by the null hypothesis
sigma.x a single number representing the population standard deviation for x
sigma.y a single number representing the population standard deviation for y
zero and one
Details
If y is NULL, a one-sample z-test is carried out with x. If y is not NULL, a standard two-sample z-test
is performed.
Value
statistic the z-statistic, with names attribute "z"

in means is k . Here infinity will be represented by Inf.
null.value is the value of the mean or difference in means specified by the null hypothe-
sis. This equals the input argument mu. Component null.value has a names
attribute describing its elements.
alternative records the value of the input argument alternative: "greater", "less" or
"two.sided".
data.name a character string (vector of length 1) containing the actual names of the input
vectors x and y
272 z.test
Null Hypothesis
For the one-sample z-test, the null hypothesis is that the mean of the population from which x is
drawn is mu. For the standard two-sample z-tests, the null hypothesis is that the population mean
for x less that for y is mu.
for x (or difference of means for x and y) from mu (i.e., "greater", "less", "two.sided").
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
References
Kitchens, L.J. (2003). Basic Statistics and Data Analysis. Duxbury.
Canada: Macmillan.
University Press.
See Also
zsum.test, tsum.test
Examples
x <- rnorm(12)
z.test(x,sigma.x=1)
# Two-sided one-sample z-test where the assumed value for
# sigma.x is one. The null hypothesis is that the population
# mean for 'x' is zero. The alternative hypothesis states
# that it is either greater or less than zero. A confidence
# interval for the population mean will be computed.
x <- c(7.8, 6.6, 6.5, 7.4, 7.3, 7., 6.4, 7.1, 6.7, 7.6, 6.8)
y <- c(4.5, 5.4, 6.1, 6.1, 5.4, 5., 4.1, 5.5)
z.test(x, sigma.x=0.5, y, sigma.y=0.5, mu=2)
# Two-sided standard two-sample z-test where both sigma.x
# and sigma.y are both assumed to equal 0.5. The null hypothesis
z.test(x, sigma.x=0.5, y, sigma.y=0.5, conf.level=0.90)

# Two-sided standard two-sample z-test where both sigma.x and
# sigma.y are both assumed to equal 0.5. The null hypothesis
zsum.test 273

# be computed.
rm(x, y)
zsum.test Summarized z-test
Description
This function is based on the standard normal distribution and creates confidence intervals and tests
hypotheses for both one and two sample problems based on summarized information the user passes
to the function. Output is identical to that produced with z.test.
Usage
zsum.test(mean.x, sigma.x = NULL, n.x = NULL, mean.y = NULL,
sigma.y = NULL, n.y = NULL, alternative = "two.sided", mu = 0,
conf.level = 0.95)
Arguments
mean.x a single number representing the sample mean of x
sigma.x a single number representing the population standard deviation for x
n.x a single number representing the sample size for x
mean.y a single number representing the sample mean of y
sigma.y a single number representing the population standard deviation for y
n.y a single number representing the sample size for y
alternative is a character string, one of "greater", "less" or "two.sided", or the ini-
tial letter of each, indicating the specification of the alternative hypothesis. For
one-sample tests, alternative refers to the true mean of the parent popula-
tion in relation to the hypothesized value mu. For the standard two-sample tests,
and that for y, in relation to mu.
mu a single number representing the value of the mean or difference in means spec-
ified by the null hypothesis
zero and one
Details
If y is NULL , a one-sample z-test is carried out with x . If y is not NULL, a standard two-sample z-test
is performed.
274 zsum.test
Value
statistic the z-statistic, with names attribute z.
in means is k. Here, infinity will be represented by Inf.
null.value the value of the mean or difference in means specified by the null hypothesis.
This equals the input argument mu. Component null.value has a names at-
tribute describing its elements.
alternative records the value of the input argument alternative: "greater" , "less" or
"two.sided".
data.name a character string (vector of length 1) containing the names x and y for the two
summarized samples
Null Hypothesis
For the one-sample z-test, the null hypothesis is that the mean of the population from which x is
drawn is mu. For the standard two-sample z-tests, the null hypothesis is that the population mean
for x less that for y is mu.
for x (or difference of means of x and y) from mu (i.e., "greater" , "less", "two.sided" ).
Author(s)
Alan T. Arnholt
References
Kitchens, L. J. (2003). Basic Statistics and Data Analysis. Duxbury.
Canada: Macmillan.
University Press.
See Also
z.test, tsum.test
zsum.test 275
Examples
zsum.test(mean.x=56/30,sigma.x=2, n.x=30, alternative="greater", mu=1.8)

# Example 9.7 part a. from PASWR.
x <- rnorm(12)
zsum.test(mean(x),sigma.x=1,n.x=12)
# Two-sided one-sample z-test where the assumed value for
# sigma.x is one. The null hypothesis is that the population
# mean for 'x' is zero. The alternative hypothesis states
# that it is either greater or less than zero. A confidence
# interval for the population mean will be computed.
# Note: returns same answer as:
z.test(x,sigma.x=1)
#
x <- c(7.8, 6.6, 6.5, 7.4, 7.3, 7.0, 6.4, 7.1, 6.7, 7.6, 6.8)
y <- c(4.5, 5.4, 6.1, 6.1, 5.4, 5.0, 4.1, 5.5)
zsum.test(mean(x), sigma.x=0.5, n.x=11 ,mean(y), sigma.y=0.5, n.y=8, mu=2)
# Two-sided standard two-sample z-test where both sigma.x
# and sigma.y are both assumed to equal 0.5. The null hypothesis
# Note: returns same answer as:
z.test(x, sigma.x=0.5, y, sigma.y=0.5)
#
zsum.test(mean(x), sigma.x=0.5, n.x=11, mean(y), sigma.y=0.5, n.y=8,
conf.level=0.90)
# Two-sided standard two-sample z-test where both sigma.x and
# sigma.y are both assumed to equal 0.5. The null hypothesis
# be computed. Note: returns same answer as:
z.test(x, sigma.x=0.5, y, sigma.y=0.5, conf.level=0.90)
rm(x, y)
Index
∗Topic datasets Bookstor, 38

Abbey, 8 Brain, 38
Abc, 9 Bumpers, 39
Abilene, 10 Bus, 40
Ability, 11 Bypass, 41
Abortion, 12 Cabinets, 42
Absent, 13 Cancer, 43
Achieve, 13 Carbon, 44
Adsales, 14 Cat, 44
Aggress, 15 Censored, 45
Aid, 15 Challeng, 46
Aids, 16 Chemist, 47
Airdisasters, 17 Chesapea, 47
Airline, 18 Chevy, 48
Alcohol, 19 Chicken, 49
Allergy, 20 Chipavg, 50
Anesthet, 20 Chips, 51
Anxiety, 21 Cigar, 52
Apolipop, 22 Cigarett, 52
Append, 23 Citrus, 54
Appendec, 23 Clean, 55
Aptitude, 24 Coaxial, 56
Archaeo, 25 Coffee, 57
Arthriti, 26 Coins, 57
Artifici, 26 Commute, 59
Asprin, 27 Concept, 60
Asthmati, 28 Concrete, 60
Attorney, 28 Corn, 61
Autogear, 29 Correlat, 62
Backtoback, 30 Counsel, 63
Bbsalaries, 31 Cpi, 63
Bigten, 31 Crime, 64
Biology, 32 Darwin, 65
Birth, 33 Dealers, 66
Blackedu, 34 Defectiv, 66
Blood, 35 Degree, 67
Board, 35 Delay, 68
Bones, 36 Depend, 69
Books, 37 Detroit, 69
276
INDEX 277
Develop, 70 Greenriv, 111

Devmath, 71 Grnriv2, 112
Dice, 71 Groupabc, 113
Diesel, 72 Groups, 113
Diplomat, 73 Gym, 114
Disposal, 74 Habits, 115
Dogs, 75 Haptoglo, 116
Domestic, 76 Hardware, 116
Dopamine, 77 Hardwood, 117
Dowjones, 78 Heat, 118
Drink, 79 Heating, 119
Drug, 79 Hodgkin, 120
Dyslexia, 80 Homes, 121
Earthqk, 81 Homework, 122
Educat, 83 Honda, 123
Eggs, 84 Hostile, 123
Elderly, 84 Housing, 124
Energy, 85 Hurrican, 125
Engineer, 86 Iceberg, 126
Entrance, 87 Income, 127
Epaminicompact, 88 Independent, 128
Epatwoseater, 89 Indian, 129
Executiv, 90 Indiapol, 130
Exercise, 90 Indy500, 130
Fabric, 91 Inflatio, 131
Faithful, 92 Inletoil, 132
Family, 93 Inmate, 133
Ferraro1, 94 Inspect, 134
Ferraro2, 94 Insulate, 135
Fertility, 95 Iqgpa, 136
Firstchi, 96 Irises, 136
Fish, 97 Jdpower, 137
Fitness, 98 Jobsat, 138
Florida2000, 99 Kidsmoke, 139
Fluid, 100 Kilowatt, 140
Food, 101 Kinder, 140
Framingh, 101 Laminect, 141
Freshman, 102 Lead, 142
Funeral, 103 Leader, 143
Galaxie, 104 Lethal, 143
Gallup, 104 Life, 144
Gasoline, 105 Lifespan, 145
German, 106 Ligntmonth, 145
Golf, 107 Lodge, 146
Governor, 108 Longtail, 147
Gpa, 109 Lowabil, 148
Grades, 110 Magnesiu, 148
Graduate, 111 Malpract, 149
278 INDEX
Manager, 150 Rat, 188

Marked, 150 Ratings, 189
Math, 151 Reaction, 190
Mathcomp, 152 Reading, 191
Mathpro, 153 Readiq, 191
Maze, 154 Referend, 192
Median, 154 Region, 193
Mental, 155 Register, 194
Mercury, 156 Rehab, 194
Metrent, 156 Remedial, 195
Miller, 157 Rentals, 196
Miller1, 158 Repair, 197
Moisture, 158 Retail, 197
Monoxide, 159 Ronbrown1, 198
Movie, 160 Ronbrown2, 199
Music, 161 Rural, 199
Name, 162 Salary, 200
Nascar, 163 Salinity, 201
Nervous, 163 Sat, 202
Newsstand, 164 Saving, 203
Nfldraf2, 165 Scales, 203
Nfldraft, 165 Schizop2, 204
Nicotine, 166 Schizoph, 205
Orange, 170 Seatbelt, 206
Orioles, 170 Selfdefe, 207
Oxytocin, 171 Senior, 207
Parented, 172 Sentence, 208
Patrol, 173 Shkdrug, 209
Pearson, 174 Shock, 210
Phone, 174 Shoplift, 210
Poison, 175 Short, 211
Politic, 176 Shuttle, 212
Pollutio, 177 Simpson, 215
Porosity, 177 Situp, 216
Poverty, 178 Skewed, 217
Precinct, 179 Skin, 217
Prejudic, 180 Slc, 218
Presiden, 180 Smokyph, 219
Press, 181 Snore, 220
Prognost, 182 Snow, 221
Program, 183 Soccer, 222
Psat, 183 Social, 222
Psych, 184 Sophomor, 223
Puerto, 185 South, 224
Quail, 185 Speed, 224
Quality, 186 Spellers, 225
Rainks, 187 Spelling, 226
Randd, 188 Sports, 226
INDEX 279
Spouse, 227 Wool, 269

Stable, 229 Yearsunspot, 270
Stamp, 229 ∗Topic distribution
Statclas, 230 CIsim, 53
Statelaw, 231 Combinations, 58
Statisti, 231 normarea, 167
Step, 232 ntester, 169
Stress, 233 SRS, 228
Study, 234 ∗Topic htest
Submarin, 234 tsum.test, 252
Subway, 235 z.test, 270
Sunspot, 236 zsum.test, 273
Superbowl, 237 ∗Topic univar
Supercar, 237 EDA, 82
Tablrock, 238 nsize, 168
Teacher, 240
Tenness, 241 Abbey, 8
Tensile, 242 Abc, 9
Test1, 242 Abilene, 10
Ability, 11
Thermal, 243
Abortion, 12
Tiaa, 244
Absent, 13
Ticket, 244
Achieve, 13
Toaster, 245
Adsales, 14
Tonsils, 246
Aggress, 15
Tort, 247
Aid, 15
Toxic, 248
Aids, 16
Track, 249
Airdisasters, 17
Track15, 250
Airline, 18
Treatments, 250
Alcohol, 19
Trees, 251 Allergy, 20
Trucks, 252 Anesthet, 20
Tv, 255 Anxiety, 21
Twin, 256 Apolipop, 22
Undergrad, 257 Append, 23
Vacation, 258 Appendec, 23
Vaccine, 259 Aptitude, 24
Vehicle, 259 Archaeo, 25
Verbal, 260 Arthriti, 26
Victoria, 261 Artifici, 26
Viscosit, 262 Asprin, 27
Visual, 262 Asthmati, 28
Vocab, 263 Attorney, 28
Wastewat, 264 Autogear, 29
Weather94, 265
Wheat, 266 Backtoback, 30
Windmill, 267 Bbsalaries, 31
Window, 267 Bigten, 31
Wins, 268 Biology, 32
280 INDEX
Birth, 33 Develop, 70
Blackedu, 34 Devmath, 71
Blood, 35 Dice, 71
Board, 35 Diesel, 72
Bones, 36 Diplomat, 73
Books, 37 Disposal, 74
Bookstor, 38 Dogs, 75
Brain, 38 Domestic, 76
Bumpers, 39 Dopamine, 77
Bus, 40 Dowjones, 78
Bypass, 41 Drink, 79
Drug, 79
Cabinets, 42 Dyslexia, 80
Cancer, 43
Carbon, 44 Earthqk, 81
Cat, 44 EDA, 82
Censored, 45 Educat, 83
Challeng, 46 Eggs, 84
Chemist, 47 Elderly, 84
Chesapea, 47 Energy, 85
Chevy, 48 Engineer, 86
Chicken, 49 Entrance, 87
Chipavg, 50 Epaminicompact, 88
Chips, 51 Epatwoseater, 89
Cigar, 52 Executiv, 90
Cigarett, 52 Exercise, 90
CIsim, 53
Citrus, 54 Fabric, 91
Clean, 55 Faithful, 92
Coaxial, 56 Family, 93
Coffee, 57 Ferraro1, 94
Coins, 57 Ferraro2, 94
Combinations, 58, 228 Fertility, 95
Commute, 59 Firstchi, 96
Concept, 60 Fish, 97
Concrete, 60 Fitness, 98
Corn, 61 Florida2000, 99
Correlat, 62 Fluid, 100
Counsel, 63 Food, 101
Cpi, 63 Framingh, 101
Crime, 64 Freshman, 102
Funeral, 103
Darwin, 65
Dealers, 66 Galaxie, 104
Defectiv, 66 Gallup, 104
Degree, 67 Gasoline, 105
Delay, 68 German, 106
Depend, 69 Golf, 107
Detroit, 69 Governor, 108
INDEX 281
Gpa, 109 Lifespan, 145

Grades, 110 Ligntmonth, 145
Graduate, 111 Lodge, 146
Greenriv, 111 Longtail, 147
Grnriv2, 112 Lowabil, 148
Groupabc, 113
Groups, 113 Magnesiu, 148
Gym, 114 Malpract, 149
Manager, 150
Habits, 115 Marked, 150
Haptoglo, 116 Math, 151
Hardware, 116 Mathcomp, 152
Hardwood, 117 Mathpro, 153
Heat, 118 Maze, 154
Heating, 119 Median, 154
Hodgkin, 120 Mental, 155
Homes, 121 Mercury, 156
Homework, 122 Metrent, 156
Honda, 123 Miller, 157
Hostile, 123 Miller1, 158
Housing, 124 Moisture, 158
Hurrican, 125 Monoxide, 159
Movie, 160
Iceberg, 126 Music, 161
Income, 127
Independent, 128 Name, 162
Indian, 129 Nascar, 163
Indiapol, 130 Nervous, 163
Indy500, 130 Newsstand, 164
Inflatio, 131 Nfldraf2, 165
Inletoil, 132 Nfldraft, 165
Inmate, 133 Nicotine, 166
Inspect, 134 normarea, 167
Insulate, 135 nsize, 168
Iqgpa, 136 ntester, 169
Irises, 136
Orange, 170
Jdpower, 137 Orioles, 170
Jobsat, 138 Oxytocin, 171
Kidsmoke, 139 Parented, 172

Kilowatt, 140 Patrol, 173
Kinder, 140 Pearson, 174
Phone, 174
Laminect, 141 Poison, 175
Lead, 142 Politic, 176
Leader, 143 Pollutio, 177
Lethal, 143 Porosity, 177
Life, 144 Poverty, 178
282 INDEX
Precinct, 179 Simpson, 215

Prejudic, 180 Situp, 216
Presiden, 180 Skewed, 217
Press, 181 Skin, 217
Prognost, 182 Slc, 218
Program, 183 Smokyph, 219
Psat, 183 Snore, 220
Psych, 184 Snow, 221
Puerto, 185 Soccer, 222
Social, 222
Quail, 185 Sophomor, 223
Quality, 186 South, 224
Speed, 224
Rainks, 187 Spellers, 225
Randd, 188 Spelling, 226
Rat, 188 Sports, 226
Ratings, 189 Spouse, 227
Reaction, 190 SRS, 58, 228
Reading, 191 Stable, 229
Readiq, 191 Stamp, 229
Referend, 192 Statclas, 230
Region, 193 Statelaw, 231
Register, 194 Statisti, 231
Rehab, 194 Step, 232
Remedial, 195 Stress, 233
Rentals, 196 Study, 234
Repair, 197 Submarin, 234
Retail, 197 Subway, 235
Ronbrown1, 198 Sunspot, 236
Ronbrown2, 199 Superbowl, 237
Rural, 199 Supercar, 237
Salary, 200 Tablrock, 238

Salinity, 201 Teacher, 240
Sat, 202 Tenness, 241
Saving, 203 Tensile, 242
Scales, 203 Test1, 242
Schizop2, 204 Thermal, 243
Schizoph, 205 Tiaa, 244
Seatbelt, 206 Ticket, 244
Selfdefe, 207 Toaster, 245
Senior, 207 Tonsils, 246
Sentence, 208 Tort, 247
Shkdrug, 209 Toxic, 248
Shock, 210 Track, 249
Shoplift, 210 Track15, 250
Short, 211 Treatments, 250
Shuttle, 212 Trees, 251
SIGN.test, 213 Trucks, 252
INDEX 283
tsum.test, 214, 252, 272, 274

Tv, 255
Twin, 256
Undergrad, 257
Vacation, 258
Vaccine, 259
Vehicle, 259
Verbal, 260
Victoria, 261
Viscosit, 262
Visual, 262
Vocab, 263
Wastewat, 264
Weather94, 265
Wheat, 266
Windmill, 267
Window, 267
Wins, 268
Wool, 269
Yearsunspot, 270
z.test, 214, 254, 270, 274

zsum.test, 214, 254, 272, 273

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Package ‘BSDA’

July 30, 2017

price daily price returns (in pence) of Abbey National shares

Abc Three samples to illustrate analysis of variance

response a numeric vector

boxplot(response ~ group, col=c("red", "blue", "green"), data = Abc )

Abilene Crimes reported in Abilene, Texas

par(mfrow = c(2, 1))

Ability Perceived math ability for 13-year olds by gender

Data used in Exercise 8.57

A data frame/tibble with 400 observations on two variables

gender a factor with levels girls and boys

CT <- xtabs(~gender + ability, data = Ability)

Abortion Abortion rate by region of country

T1 <- xtabs(~region + rate, data = Abortion)

Absent Number of absent days for 20 employees

CT <- xtabs(~ days, data = Absent)

anova(lm(score ~ gender, data = Achieve))

month a character vector listing month

plot(sales ~ ads, data = Adsales, main = "Exercise 9.15")

Aggress Agressive tendency scores for a group of teenage members of a street

aggres measure of aggresive tendency, ranging from 10-50

hist(Aid$payment, xlab = "payment", main =

Airdisasters Aircraft disasters in five different decades

year a numeric vector indicating the year of an aircraft accident

Airline Percentage of on-time arrivals and number of complaints for 11 air-

Alcohol Ages at which 14 female alcoholics began drinking

Data used in Exercise 5.79

A data frame/tibble with 14 observations on one variable

age age when individual started drinking

Allergy Allergy medicines by adverse events

event a factor with levels insomnia, headache, and drowsiness

T1 <- xtabs(~event + medication, data = Allergy)

Anesthet Recovery times for anesthetized patients

A with 10 observations on one variable

recover recovery time (in hours)

Data used in Exercise 2.96

A data frame/tibble with 20 observations on two variables

anxiety anxiety score before a major math test

plot(math ~ anxiety, data = Anxiety, ylab = "score",

Apolipop Level of apolipoprotein B and number of cups of coffee consumed per

plot(apolipB ~ coffee, data = Apolipop)

Append Median costs of an appendectomy at 20 hospitals in North Carolina

fee <- Append$fee

Appendec Median costs of appendectomies at three different types of North Car-

boxplot(cost ~ region, data = Appendec, col = c("red", "blue", "cyan"))

Aptitude Aptitude test scores versus productivity in a factory

aptitude aptitude test scores

plot(product ~ aptitude, data = Aptitude, main = "Exercise 2.1")

Archaeo Radiocarbon ages of observations taken from an archaeological site

boxplot(age ~ phase, data = Archaeo, col = "yellow",

Arthriti Time of relief for three treatments of arthritis

boxplot(time ~ treatment, data = Arthriti,

Artifici Durations of operation for 15 artificial heart transplants

Asprin Dissolving time versus level of impurities in aspirin tablets

time time (in seconds) for aspirin to dissolve

boxplot(time ~ impurity, data = Asprin,

drug asthmatic relief index for patients given a drug

Attorney Number of convictions reported by U.S. attorney’s offices

staff U.S. attorneys’ office staff per 1 million population