Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016

Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011

Contract Number Page 1 of 10
Revision 1

SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

This specification has been revised as indicated below and described in the revision record on the following
page. Please destroy all previous revisions.

Revision Date Originator's Reviewed/Checked By Pages

No. Name & Initials Name & Initials
A 11/09/2010 Greg Luttrull 3
0 2/16/2011 Brooke Shondelmyer Jeremy Lau 10
1 3/8/2011 Brooke Shondelmyer Greg Luttrull 10

APPROVALS SIGNATURES DATE

Lead Engineer Greg Luttrull 3/8/2011

Project Engineering
Manager: Russell Shulz 3/8/2011
Client Approval:

ISSUED FOR : Construction X Other Approved

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016
Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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Revision 1

SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

Record of Revisions
Revision Date Description
No.

A 11/09/2010 Issued for Approval, Table of Contents Only

0 2/16/2011 Issued for Review/Approval

1 3/8/2011 Issued Approved

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016
Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

Table of Contents

1.0 GENERAL................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Summary....................................................................................................................................... 4
A. Scope of Specification..................................................................................................... 4
B. Related Specifications..................................................................................................... 4
C. Terminology .................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 References ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Product Delivery and Handling ................................................................................................. 5
A. Delivery ........................................................................................................................... 5
B. Storage and Handling...................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Site Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 5
A. Existing Conditions......................................................................................................... 5
B. Environmental Requirements.......................................................................................... 5
C. Sequencing and Scheduling ............................................................................................ 5
2.0 PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Materials ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Equipment..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Design Criteria ............................................................................................................................. 7
3.0 EXECUTION .............................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Preparing Subgrade..................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Application.................................................................................................................................... 7
A. Initial Spreading .............................................................................................................. 7
B. Preliminary Mixing ......................................................................................................... 8
C. Preliminary Curing.......................................................................................................... 8
D. Final Mixing and Pulverization ...................................................................................... 8
E. Compaction ..................................................................................................................... 9
F. Final Curing..................................................................................................................... 9
G. Construction Joints.......................................................................................................... 9
3.3 Field Quality Control................................................................................................................... 9
3.4 Safety Precautions........................................................................................................................ 9
4.0 ATTACHMENTS..................................................................................................................................... 10
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016
Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 Summary

A. Scope of Specification

This specification prescribes the requirements for improvement of the engineering

properties of a soil by blending into the soil a material which will accomplish that
purpose such a lime, fly ash or cement.

B. Related Specifications

The following specifications prescribe items of related Work:

 MQ-SP-C-2005, Site Preparation, Excavation and Backfill Specification

Coordinate Work prescribed by this specification with Work prescribed by the above
listed specifications.

C. Terminology

1. Quicklime (Calcium oxide): A white caustic substance obtained by calcining

limestone in a kiln or furnace.

2. Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide): A dry powder obtained by treating quicklime

with enough water to satisfy its affinity for water under the conditions of its
hydration.

3. Lime Slurry: A suspension of hydrated lime solids in water.

4. Fly Ash: A finely divided residue that results from the combustion of powdered coal,
containing varying amounts of carbon, silica, alkalies, sulfur, and other components.

5. Pulverizing: The process of breaking down soil into fine particles to enhance the
mixing of the soil with the stabilizer.

1.2 References

The publications listed form part of this specification. Each publication shall be the latest
revision and addendum in effect on the date this specification is issued for construction
unless noted otherwise. Except as modified by the requirements specified herein or the
details of the drawings, work included in this specification shall conform to the applicable
provisions of these publications.

1. ASTM (American Society For Testing And Materials)

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016
Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

2. ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement

3. ASTM C618 Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural
Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete

4. ASTM D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using
Standard Effort

5. ASTM D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil

Using Modified Effort

1.3 Product Delivery and Handling

A. Delivery

Lime or cement shall be delivered to the jobsite in sound, dry bags or in trucks with the
manufacture's name and certified weight provided. Lime slurry must be delivered with a
batch ticket indicating the weight and mixture of the slurry.

B. Storage and Handling

Materials shall be stored in a manner that prevents their degradation.

1.4 Site Conditions

A. Existing Conditions

Subgrade shall be prepared according to the requirements of Marafiq Specification, MQ-

SP-C-2005, Site Preparation, Excavation and Backfill.

B. Environmental Requirements

1. Contaminated surface water runoff shall be contained on the work site or channeled
to a detention area to avoid hazards to surrounding properties and waterways.

2. Lime or cement stabilization shall not be performed when ambient air temperature is
below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Lime or cement shall not be applied to frozen ground.

3. Mixtures wetted by rain prior to being compacted shall be aerated to dry back to
proper moisture content and restabilized before compacting proceeds.

4. Use of soil stabilization products shall be in conformance with the local

environmental requirements.

C. Sequencing and Scheduling

Work within right-of-ways shall be coordinated with the appropriate governing authority
and shall be performed in a manner which does not interfere with surrounding traffic or
operations.
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016
Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

2.0 PRODUCTS

2.1 General

Soil stabilization products shall consist of hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) in dry or slurry
(wet) form, fly ash, or portland cement.

2.2 Materials

A. Hydrated lime shall consist of a dry powder obtained by treating quicklime with enough
water to satisfy its affinity for water under the conditions of its hydration. This material
consists of calcium hydroxide or a mixture of calcium hydroxide and an allowable
percentage of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and magnesium hydroxide.

1. The hydrated lime, when tested shall conform to the following requirements for
chemical composition:

a) Hydrate, alkalinity, percent by weight Ca(OH)2...90.0 percent minimum

b) Unhydrated lime content, percent by weight CaO...5.0 percent maximum

c) Free water content, percent by weight H2O...4.0 percent maximum

2. The percent by weight of residue retained shall conform to the following

requirements:

a) Residue retained on a No. 6 Sieve (3360 micron)...none

b) Residue retained on a No. 10 Sieve (2000 micron)...1.0 percent maximum

c) Residue retained on a No. 30 Sieve (590 micron)...2.5 percent maximum

B. Commercial Lime Slurry shall be a pumpable suspension of lime solids in water. The
solids portion of the mixture shall consist principally of hydrated lime of a quantity and
quality sufficient to meet the following requirements:

1. The solids content of the lime slurry shall have a hydrate alkalinity Ca(OH)2 of no
less than 90 percent by weight.

2. The percent by weight of the residue in the solids content of the lime slurry shall
conform to the requirements listed previously for Hydrated Lime.

3. The Dry Solids Content shall be at least 35 percent by weight of the slurry.

C. Portland Cement shall be Type I or II cement conforming to ASTM C150.

D. Fly ash shall conform to ASTM C618.

E. Water shall be free of organic materials or substances deleterious to the stabilizing

properties of lime or cement.
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Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

2.3 Equipment

A. Contractor shall provide all machinery, tools, and equipment necessary to obtain the
specified results.

B. Onsite lime slurry machines (mixers) and central mixing plants shall be capable of mixing
and delivering lime slurry which meets the requirements of this specification.

2.4 Design Criteria

A. An independent materials testing laboratory shall sample and evaluate the natural
subgrade soils to determine the percentage of hydrated lime or cement required as a
stabilizing agent to accomplish the desired results. Tests shall include Atterberg Limits
determination of the raw materials and evaluations of Plasticity Index and strength for
varying amounts of lime or cement stabilization.

B. Moisture density relationships shall be established in accordance with specified

procedures in ASTM D698 [or D1557], latest editions.

3.0 EXECUTION

3.1 Preparing Subgrade

Prior to the application of lime or cement stabilization the subgrade shall be excavated, filled,
and grades as shown on the contract documents. Before lime or cement is added, the subgrade
shall be scarified to the secondary grade (proposed bottom of the stabilized subgrade). Any
wet or unstable secondary grade shall be corrected by further excavation, addition of lime or
cement, and/or compacting until it is uniformly stable.

3.2 Application

A. Initial Spreading

1. Hydrated lime should be uniformly spread at specified percent according to the

contract documents, using either the dry or slurry method. Dry application consists
of spotting bags of lime on the area to be stabilized or applying bulk lime from a
suitably equipped spreader truck.

2. If dry lime is used, it shall be sprinkled lightly to reduce dusting. Lime should be
applied only to such areas as can be mixed into the soil during the same day as
application to prevent wind loss and minimize lime carbonation.

3. If lime slurry is used, provisions shall be made for agitation in the distributor truck to
prevent the settling of lime solids. Slurry shall be prepared in a central mixing tank
and applied with standard water or asphalt tank trucks.

4. Portland cement or fly ash shall be spread uniformly by bag or bulk with an approved
spreader at the rate specified by the contract documents. Cement shall be applied
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016
Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

only to such an area that all operations are continuous and completed within 6 hours
of such application.

B. Preliminary Mixing

1. Distribute the lime uniformly throughout the soil to the proper depth by preliminary
mixing. Water shall be added as required to raise the moisture of the soil and lime
mixture to at least 5 percent above optimum moisture content. The optimum
moisture content shall be established by laboratory testing. After the initial mixing,
the lime treated layer shall be shaped to the approximate section and compacted
lightly prior to preliminary curing.

2. Dry mixing operations shall be used for cement and fly ash application. The
percentage of moisture in the soil shall not exceed the quantity required for uniform
mixture of the soil and cement and shall not exceed the optimum moisture content for
the soil cement mixture.

C. Preliminary Curing

1. Cure the lime and soil mixture until the lime and water has completely broken down
the clay clods, generally 36 to 48 hours. For extremely heavy clays, the curing time
may be increased up to 7 days if necessary.

2. Preliminary curing is not required for soil cement mixtures and such mixtures shall
not remain undisturbed for more than 30 minutes.

D. Final Mixing and Pulverization

1. Mixing and pulverization of soil and stabilizer shall be done with an approved self-
propelled pulverizing machine following the preliminary curing period. Water shall
be added as required to obtain the proper moisture content. Mixing and pulverization
shall continue until all of the clay clods are broken down to pass a one inch screen.
Add water as required to raise the mixture to optimum moisture content prior to
compaction.

2. The material shall be pulverized at the completion of the final mixing phase such that
it meets the following requirements:

a) Minimum passing 1-inch sieve...100 percent

b) Minimum passing No. 4 sieve...80 percent

3. Soil and cement mixing shall continue until the cement has been sufficiently blended
with the soil to prevent the formation of cement balls when water is applied.
Continue with mixing and the application of the required amount of water until a
thorough and uniform mix has been obtained.
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016
Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

E. Compaction

1. The stabilized soil mixture shall be compacted at proper moisture content to at least
95 percent of the maximum density obtained by Proctor test in 6-inch lifts. The
density tests shall be based on representative field samples of the stabilized mixture.
Compaction shall commence immediately after final mixing. Compaction can be
accomplished using heavy pneumatic or vibratory rollers or a combination of
sheepsfoot rollers and light pneumatic rollers.

F. Final Curing

1. The compacted subgrade shall be cured for up to 7 days to allow the stabilized layer
to harden prior to the placing of subsequent layers. Curing may be achieved by moist
curing, which consists of maintaining the surface moist by light sprinkling of water
and rolling or membrane curing, which consists of sealing the compacted layer with a
bituminous prime coat such as cutback asphalt.

G. Construction Joints

1. Cut a vertical face into the compacted section prior to proceeding with adjacent
sections of compacted stabilized material.

3.3 Field Quality Control

A. An independent testing lab shall perform in-place density and moisture content tests on
the compacted stabilized subgrade to ensure that the required compaction is obtained
during the construction operations.

B. Tests shall be performed at an interval of at least one density test and one moisture test for
each 500 square yards of stabilized area.

C. If the stabilized material fails to meet the density requirements, it shall be reworked and
retested until satisfactory. The shape of the subgrade shall be maintained by blading and
rolling with the surface, upon completion, conforming with the typical sections shown on
the contract documents and to the established lines and grades.

D. Thickness of stabilized subgrade shall be within a tolerance of plus one inch and minus
one half inch of the plan thickness. Deviations shall be corrected by scarifying, adding
additional stabilized materials and recompacting to the required density. Shape and finish
the surface within a tolerance of one half inch in ten feet conforming to lines and grades
established by the contract documents.

3.4 Safety Precautions

Proper protective clothing and safety gear such as gloves, eye protection, and masks should be
employed while working with hydrated lime, cement, fly ash, or other stabilizing materials.
Quicklime (calcium oxide) is considerably more dangerous to use than hydrated lime (calcium
hydroxide) and can cause severe burns quickly when in contact with moist skin.
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-C-2016
Project Name Date: 08 Mar 2011
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SPECIFICATION – SOIL STABILIZATION

4.0 ATTACHMENTS

Not applicable

End of Specification