USOO9468862B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.468,862 B2

Fukuda et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 18, 2016
(54) SPRAY DRYING APPARATUS FOR (58) Field of Classification Search
DEHYDRATED FILTRATE FROM None
DESULFURIZATION WASTE WATER, AND See application file for complete search history.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
(56) References Cited
(71) Applicant: MITSUBISHI. HITACHI POWER
SYSTEMS, LTD., Yokohama, U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
Kanagawa (JP) 2,670,036 A * 2/1954 Spalding .................. BOD 1 18
(72) Inventors: Toshihiro Fukuda, Tokyo (JP); Tatsuto 159/402
Nagayasu, Tokyo (JP); Seiji Kagawa, 3,375,066 A * 3/1968 Hanada ................... CO1F 11.46
423, 142
Tokyo (JP): Naoyuki Kamiyama,
Tokyo (JP); Nobuyuki Ukai, Tokyo (Continued)
(JP)
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
(73) Assignee: MITSUBISHI. HITACHI POWER
SYSTEMS, LTD., Yokohama (JP) CN 202105834 U. 1, 2012
EP OO49585 A1 4f1982
(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (Continued)
U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
(21) Appl. No.: 15/089,911 OTHER PUBLICATIONS

(22) Filed: Apr. 4, 2016 International search report of PCT/JP2012/057037, accessed Apr.
(65) Prior Publication Data 20, 2016 Pertains to translation of JP 63200818.*
US 2016/0214O27 A1 Jul. 28, 2016
(Continued)
Primary Examiner — Duane Smith
Related U.S. Application Data Assistant Examiner — Phillip Shao
(62) Division of application No. 14/111,943, filed as (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Westerman, Hattori,
application No. PCT/JP2012/063997 on May 30, Daniels & Adrian, LLP
2012. (57) ABSTRACT
(30) Foreign Application Priority Data A spray drying apparatus includes: a gas inlet provided in a
side wall in the vicinity of a top (lid) portion of the spray
May 31, 2011 (JP) ................................. 2011-1225O2 drying apparatus, for introducing a flue gas for drying a
spray of dehydrated filtrate; flow-adjusting plates provided
(51) Int. Cl. in a body of the spray drying apparatus, for decelerating the
BOLD LA20 (2006.01) introduced flue gas so as to change the flow of the flue gas
BOLD LA18 (2006.01) to a laminar flow; a spray nozzle for spraying the dehydrated
(Continued) filtrate from the desulfurization waste water into the flue gas
having been changed to the laminar flow; and a joining unit
(52) U.S. Cl. for joining a bottom portion of the body of the spray drying
CPC. BOID 1/20 (2013.01); B0ID 1/18 (2013.01); apparatus to a gas Supply line that is a main flue gas duct for
BOID 53/502 (2013.01); C02F I/048 the flue gas so as to discharge spray-dried solids to the main
(2013.01); flue gas duct.
(Continued) 30 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets
 US 9,468.862 B2
Page 2

(51) Int. C. JP 63200818 * 8/1988

CO2F I/2 (2006.01) JP O3-098926 U. 10, 1991
JP 05-212369 A 8, 1993
CO2F I/04 (2006.01) JP 09-066201 A 3, 1997
BOLD 53/50 (2006.01) JP 09-313881. A 12/1997
CO2F IO3/18 (2006.01) JP 2008-24.6406 A 10, 2008
CO2F IOI/IO (2006.01) WO 2010, 146672 A1 12/2010
(52) U.S. Cl.
CPC ........... C02F 1/12 (2013.01); B0ID 225 1/404 OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(2013.01); C02F 2101/101 (2013.01); C02F
2103/18 (2013.01) English abstract of JP 63200818.*
International Search Report of PCT/JP2012/063997, mailing date of
(56) References Cited Sep. 18, 2012.
Written Opinion of PCT/JP2012/063997, mailing date of Sep. 18,
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2012.
Extended European Search Report dated Oct. 24, 2014, issued in
4,233,114. A 11, 1980 Gastaldi .................... F26B 3/12 counterpart European Appliction No. 127927424. (7 pages).
159,401 Notice of Allowance dated Jun. 2, 2015, issued in counterpart
5,139,612 A * 8, 1992 Andersen ................. BOD 1 18 Japanese application No. 2011-122502, with English translation (2
159,16.1 pages).
5,227,018 A * 7/1993 Bro ........................... F26B 3/12 Translation of Written Opinion dated Sep. 18, 2012, issued in
159,16.1
2003/0180283 A1* 9/2003 Batycky ............... A61K 9.0075 counterpart International Application No. PCT/JP2012/063997 (3
424,130.1 pages).
2010/0119428 A1 5/2010 Nagayasu et al. Non-Final Office Action dated Feb. 10, 2016, issued in U.S. Appl.
No. 14/111.943. (12 pages).
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Notice of Allowance dated Jul. 6, 2016, issued in U.S. Appl. No.
14/111.943. (11 pages).
EP 2716349 A1 4/2014 Notice of Allowance dated Aug. 25, 2016, issued in U.S. Appl. No.
GB 634467 A 3, 1950 15/214,574.
JP 5853233 U. 4f1983
JP 63-200818 A 8, 1988 * cited by examiner
U.S. Patent Oct. 18, 2016 Sheet 2 of 4 US 9,468,862 B2
U.S. Patent Oct. 18, 2016 Sheet 3 of 4 US 9,468,862 B2

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U.S. Patent Oct. 18, 2016 Sheet 4 of 4 US 9,468,862 B2

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 US 9,468,862 B2
1. 2
SPRAY DRYING APPARATUS FOR tion waste water, and then returns the flue gas to the flue gas
DEHYDRATED FILTRATE FROM duct of the main line (Patent Literatures 1 and 2).
DESULFURIZATION WASTE WATER, AND
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM CITATION LIST

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED Patent Literature

APPLICATION
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publica
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. tion No. 63-200818
10
No. 14/111,943 filed on Oct. 15, 2013, which is a National Patent Literature 2: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publica
Stage Application of PCT/JP2012/063997 filed on May 30, tion No. 9-313881
2012, which is based on and claims the benefit of priority SUMMARY
from Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-122502, filed
May 31, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in 15
its entirety. Technical Problem

FIELD In the air pollution control apparatus of Patent Literatures

1 and 2, the facility, which branches a part of the flue gas
The present invention relates to a spray drying apparatus from the flue gas duct and gasifies the desulfurization waste
for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste water that water by spraying the desulfurization waste water (or waste
is generated at the time of flue gas treatment for treating a liquid) discharged from the desulfurization device, is pro
flue gas discharged from a boiler, and an air pollution control vided and the desulfurization waste water is evaporated.
system. However, since the desulfurization waste water discharged
25 from the desulfurization device contains solids, there is a
BACKGROUND problem in that the desulfurization waste water may not be
sprayed and dried well.
In the past, there has been known an air pollution control In addition, recently, the elimination of waste water has
system that treats a flue gas discharged from a boiler been desired in the air pollution control facility due to the
installed in a thermal power facility or the like. The air 30 consideration for the environment of a water resource in an
pollution control system includes a denitration device that inland area or the like. Accordingly, the appearance of an air
removes a nitrogen oxide from the flue gas discharged from pollution control facility, which can stably operate and
the boiler, an air heater that recovers the heat of the flue gas achieves the elimination of waste water, has been desired.
having passed through the denitration device, a precipitator A spray dryer, which dries desulfurization waste water,
that removes soot and dust contained in the flue gas from 35 can be used as a facility that achieves the elimination of
which heat has been recovered, and a desulfurization device waste water. However, when the desulfurization waste water
that removes a Sulfur oxide contained in the flue gas from is sprayed and dried using a flue gas of a boiler, there is the
which soot and dust have been removed. A wet desulfuriza following problem.
tion device, which removes a sulfur oxide contained in a flue High-concentration ashes are contained in the flue gas of
gas by bringing a limestone absorbent or the like into 40 the boiler. When the desulfurization waste water is further
gas-liquid contact with the flue gas, is generally used as the evaporated, a large amount of precipitated Salt contained in
desulfurization device. the waste water is present. For this reason, a countermeasure
A large amount of various toxic Substances, such as ions against the precipitated Salt is required.
Such as chlorine ions and ammonium ions and mercury, are The invention has been made in consideration of the
contained in waste water (hereinafter, referred to as "desul 45 above-mentioned problem, and an object of the invention is
furization waste water) discharged from the wet desulfur to provide a spray drying apparatus for dehydrated filtrate
ization device. For this reason, it is necessary to remove from desulfurization waste water that can achieve the elimi
these toxic substances from the desulfurization waste water nation of desulfurization waste water from a desulfurization
before the desulfurization waste water is discharged to the device, and an air pollution control system.
outside of a system. However, since treatment for removing 50
these various toxic Substances contained in the desulfuriza Solution to Problem
tion waste water is complicated, there is a problem in that
treatment costs are high. Accordingly, a method, which According to a first aspect of the present invention in
reuses desulfurization waste water in a system without order to solve the above-problems, there is provided a spray
discharging desulfurization waste water to the outside of a 55 drying apparatus for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization
system, has been proposed to reduce the treatment costs for waste water, the spray drying apparatus including: a gas inlet
desulfurization waste water. For example, Patent Literatures provided in a side wall in the vicinity of a top portion of a
1 and 2 disclose an air pollution control apparatus including body of the spray drying apparatus, for introducing a flue gas
a facility that branches a flue gas from a flue gas duct of a for drying a spray; flow-adjusting plates provided in the
main line to which a denitration device, an air heater, a 60 body of the spray drying apparatus, for decelerating the
precipitator, and a desulfurization device are connected, introduced flue gas so as to change the flow of the flue gas
gasifies desulfurization waste water by spraying the desul to a laminar flow; a spray noZZle for spraying dehydrated
furization waste water, and is separately installed. The filtrate from desulfurization waste water into the flue gas
apparatus introduces a part of a flue gas to this facility from having been changed to the laminar flow; and a joining unit
the flue gas duct of the main line, precipitates toxic Sub 65 for joining a bottom portion of the body of the spray drying
stances by spraying the desulfurization waste water into the apparatus to a main flue gas duct for the flue gas so as to
flue gas in the facility in order to evaporate the desulfuriza discharge spray-dried solids to the main flue gas duct.
 US 9,468,862 B2
3 4
According to a second aspect of the present invention, limited by this embodiment. Further, when the invention
there is provided the spray drying apparatus for dehydrated includes a plurality of embodiments, the invention also
filtrate from desulfurization waste water according to the includes the combination of the respective embodiments.
first aspect, further including: protective plates provided in Furthermore, elements of the following embodiments
the vicinity of a flue gas introduction area in the body of the include elements that can be easily supposed by those skilled
spray drying apparatus, for preventing abrasion of an inner in the art, or Substantially the same elements as the elements.
wall Surface caused by Solids contained in the flue gas. First Embodiment
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there
is provided the spray drying apparatus for dehydrated filtrate
from desulfurization waste water according to the first or 10 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of
second aspect, further including: a washing unit for washing an air pollution control system according to a first embodi
an inner peripheral wall Surface of the spray drying appa ment. An air pollution control system 10 illustrated in FIG.
ratuS. 1 is an apparatus that removes toxic Substances, such as a
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, nitrogen oxide (NO), a sulfur oxide (SO), and mercury
there is provided an air pollution control system including: 15 (Hg), from a flue gas 18 supplied from a boiler 11, such as
a boiler for combusting fuel; an air heater for recovering heat a coal fired boiler using coal as fuel or a heavy oil fired boiler
of a flue gas supplied from the boiler; a precipitator for using heavy oil as fuel.
removing soot and dust contained in the flue gas from which The air pollution control system 10 includes a boiler 11
heat has been recovered; a desulfurization device for remov that combusts fuel F, a denitration device 12 that removes a
ing a Sulfur oxide contained in the flue gas, from which Soot nitrogen oxide contained in the flue gas 18 Supplied from the
and dust have been removed, by an absorbent; a dehydrator boiler 11, an air heater 13 that recovers heat of the flue gas
for removing gypsum from desulfurization waste water 18 having been subjected to denitration, a precipitator 14
discharged from the desulfurization device; the spray drying that removes soot and dust contained in the flue gas 18 from
apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects which heat has been recovered, a desulfurization device 15
including a spray unit for spraying dehydrated filtrate Sup 25 that removes a sulfur oxide contained in the flue gas 18, from
plied from the dehydrator, and a flue gas introduction line which soot and dust have been removed, by using limestone
for introducing a part of the flue gas to the spray drying slurry 20 that is an absorbent, a dehydrator 32 that removes
apparatus. gypsum 31 from desulfurization waste water 30 discharged
from the desulfurization device 15, a spray drying apparatus
Advantageous Effects of Invention 30 50 (a spray drying apparatus 50A or 50B described later) that
includes a spray unit for spraying dehydrated filtrate 33
According to the invention, in the spray drying apparatus, supplied from the dehydrator 32, and a flue gas introduction
the flue gas is changed to the laminar flow and the dehy line L through which a part of the flue gas 18 is introduced
drated filtrate from the desulfurization waste water is to the spray drying apparatus 50. Accordingly, since the
sprayed into the flue gas, which has been changed to the 35 dehydrated filtrate 33 from which the gypsum 31 has been
laminar flow, from the spray nozzle. Accordingly, the dehy removed is sprayed and dried in the spray drying apparatus
drated filtrate is sprayed and dried well. In this case, abrasion 50 by the introduced flue gas 18, it is possible to stably
caused by the flue gas to be introduced is prevented by the achieve the elimination of waste water of the desulfurization
protective plates. waste water 30.
In addition, since a washing unit for washing the inner 40 The denitration device 12 is a device that removes a
portion of the spray drying apparatus is provided, the nitrogen oxide contained in the flue gas 18 Supplied from the
generation of Scale on the inner wall Surface is prevented by boiler 11 through the gas supply line L, and includes a
the washing of the high-concentration ashes contained in the denitration catalyst layer (not illustrated) therein. A reducing
flue gas and a large amount of precipitated salt after spraying agent injector (not illustrated) is disposed on the upstream
and drying. 45 side of the denitration catalyst layer, and a reducing agent is
injected to the flue gas 18 from the reducing agent injector.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Here, for example, ammonia, urea, ammonium chloride, and
the like are used as the reducing agent. The nitrogen oxide
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of contained in the flue gas 18 introduced to the denitration
an air pollution control system according to a first embodi 50 device 12 comes into contact with the denitration catalyst
ment. layer, so that the nitrogen oxide contained in the flue gas 18
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a spray drying is decomposed into a nitrogen gas (N2) and water (H2O) and
apparatus for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste is removed. Further, when the amount of chlorine (Cl) of
liquid according to the first embodiment. mercury contained in the flue gas 18 is increased, the ratio
FIG. 3-1 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of 55 of bivalent mercury chloride dissolvable in water is
FIG. 2 and is a schematic diagram illustrating the installed increased. Accordingly, mercury is easily collected by the
state of protective plates that are provided at the top portion desulfurization device 15 to be described below.
of the spray drying apparatus. Meanwhile, the denitration device 12 is not essential. If
FIG. 3-2 is an enlarged view of a portion C of FIG. 3-1. the concentration of a nitrogen oxide contained in the flue
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spray drying apparatus 60 gas 18 supplied from the boiler 11 or the concentration of
for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste liquid mercury is low or these materials are not contained in the
according to a second embodiment. flue gas 18, the denitration device 12 may not be provided.
The air heater 13 is a heat exchanger that recovers the heat
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS of the flue gas 18 Supplied through a flue gas Supply line L.
65 after a nitrogen oxide is removed by the denitration device
The invention will be described in detail below with 12. Since the temperature of the flue gas 18, which has
reference to the drawings. Meanwhile, the invention is not passed through the denitration device 12, is in the range of
 US 9,468,862 B2
5 6
about 300° C. to 400° C., that is, high, heat exchange waste water 30 to the outside from the bottom portion 22 of
between the high-temperature flue gas 18 and room-tem the desulfurization device 15, is sent to the dehydrator 32
perature combustion air is performed by the air heater 13. through a waste water line Lo to be described below, and is
The combustion air of which the temperature becomes high dehydrated here. Heavy metal Such as mercury and halogen
by the heat exchange is supplied to the boiler 11. Meanwhile, ions, such as Cl, Br, I, and F, other than gypsum are
the flue gas 18, which has been subjected to heat exchange contained in this desulfurization waste water 30.
performed between the room-temperature combustion air The dehydrator 32 is to separate a solid component, which
and itself, is cooled to a temperature of about 150° C. contains the gypsum 31 of the desulfurization waste water
The precipitator 14 is to remove soot and dust contained 30, from a liquid component of the dehydrated filtrate 33.
in the flue gas 18, which is Supplied through a gas Supply 10 For example, a belt filter, a centrifugal separator, a decanter
line L, after heat recovery. Examples of the precipitator 14 type centrifugal settler, and the like are used as the dehy
include an inertial precipitator, a centrifugal precipitator, a drator 32. The gypsum 31 is separated from the desulfur
filtration type precipitator, an electric precipitator, and a ization waste water 30, which is discharged from the des
washing type precipitator, but the precipitator 14 is not ulfurization device 15, by the dehydrator 32. In this case,
particularly limited. Meanwhile, reference numeral 16 of 15 mercury chloride contained in the desulfurization waste
FIG. 1 denotes collected dust ashes. water 30 is separated from liquid together with the gypsum
The desulfurization device 15 is a wet device that 31 while being adsorbed in the gypsum 31. The separated
removes a sulfur oxide contained in the flue gas 18 supplied gypsum 31 is discharged to the outside of the system.
through a gas Supply line L after soot and dust are removed. Meanwhile, the dehydrated filtrate 33, which is separate
Limestone slurry 20 (an aqueous solution obtained by dis liquid, is sent to the spray drying apparatus 50 through a
Solving limestone powder in water) is used as an alkaline dehydration line L. Meanwhile, the dehydrated filtrate 33
absorbent in the desulfurization device 15, and temperature is temporarily stored in a waste water tank (not illustrated).
in the desulfurization device is adjusted in the range of about The spray drying apparatus 50 includes a gas introducing
30 to 80°C. The limestone slurry 20 is supplied to a bottom unit to which a part of the flue gas 18 is introduced through
portion 22 of the desulfurization device 15 from a limestone 25 the flue gas introduction line Libranched from the flue gas
slurry supply device 21. The limestone slurry 20, which is Supply line L2 that is a main line for the flue gas 18 Supplied
supplied to the bottom portion 22 of the desulfurization from the boiler 11, and a spray unit for sprinkling or spraying
device 15, is sent to a plurality of nozzles 23, which are the dehydrated filtrate 33. Further, the dehydrated filtrate 33,
provided in the desulfurization device 15, through an absor which has been sprinkled or sprayed, is evaporated and dried
bent Supply line (not illustrated), and is ejected toward a top 30 by the heat of the flue gas 18 to be introduced. Furthermore,
portion 24 from the nozzles 23. The flue gas 18, which rises the flue gas 18, which has contributed to drying in the spray
from the bottom portion 22 of the desulfurization device 15, drying apparatus 50, is directly supplied to the gas supply
comes into gas-liquid contact with the limestone slurry 20 line L.
ejected from the nozzles 23, so that the sulfur oxide and Since the dehydrated filtrate 33, which is obtained by
mercury chloride contained in the flue gas 18 are absorbed 35 removing the gypsum 31 from the desulfurization waste
in the limestone slurry 20 and are separated and removed water 30, is sprayed and dried in the invention, it is possible
from the flue gas 18. The flue gas 18, which is purified by to prevent the clogging of the spray unit.
the limestone slurry 20, is discharged from the top portion 24 That is, since the desulfurization waste water itself is not
of the desulfurization device 15 as a purified gas 26, and is sprayed, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of
discharged from a stack 27 to the outside of the system. 40 dry particles that are generated with the evaporation of the
In the desulfurization device 15, the sulfur oxide SO, desulfurization waste water. As a result, it is possible to
contained in the flue gas 18 causes a reaction, which is Suppress clogging that is caused by the adhesion of the dry
represented by the following formula (1), to the limestone particles. Further, since the mercury chloride is also sepa
slurry 20. rated and removed together with the gypsum 31 by the
45 dehydration of the desulfurization waste water 30, it is
possible to prevent the increase of the concentration of
In addition, the limestone slurry 20, which has absorbed mercury contained in the flue gas 18 when the waste water
SO, contained in the flue gas 18, is oxidized by air (not is sprayed.
illustrated) supplied to the bottom portion 22 of the desul Furthermore, since a part of the flue gas 18 flowing into
furization device 15, and causes a reaction, which is repre 50 the air heater 13 is branched from the flue gas supply line L.
sented by the following formula (2), to air. through the flue gas introduction line L in this embodi
ment, the temperature of the flue gas is high (350 to 400°C.).
Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently spray and dry the
In this way, SO, contained in the flue gas 18 is captured dehydrated filtrate 33.
in the desulfurization device 15 in the form of gypsum 55 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spray drying appa
CaSO2H.O. ratus for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste liq
Further, liquid, which is stored in the bottom portion 22 uid according to this embodiment.
of the desulfurization device 15 and is pumped up, is used As illustrated in FIG. 2, a spray drying apparatus 50A
as the limestone slurry 20 as described above. However, the according to this embodiment includes: a gas inlet 52 which
gypsum CaSO4.2H2O is mixed with the pumped limestone 60 is provided in a side wall 51b in the vicinity of a top (lid)
slurry 20 by the reaction formulae (1) and (2) with the portion 51a of a body of the spray drying apparatus, and
operation of the desulfurization device 15. In the following through which a flue gas 18 for drying a spray 33a of
description, limestone gypsum slurry (limestone slurry with dehydrated filtrate 33 is introduced; flow-adjusting plates 53
which gypsum has been mixed) to be pumped is referred to that are provided in the body of the spray drying apparatus,
as an absorbent. 65 decelerate the introduced flue gas 18, and change the flow of
An absorbent (limestone gypsum slurry), which is used the flue gas to a laminar flow X; a spray nozzle 54that sprays
for desulfurization, is discharged as the desulfurization the dehydrated filtrate 33 from the desulfurization waste
 US 9,468,862 B2
7 8
water 30 into the flue gas 18 having been changed to the Here, as long as the spray nozzle 54 sprays the dehydrated
laminar flow X; and a joining unit 80 for joining the bottom filtrate 33 in the form of droplets having a predetermined
portion of the body of the spray drying apparatus to a main diameter, the type of the spray nozzle 54 is not limited. For
flue gas duct for the flue gas 18 and discharging spray-dried example, a spray unit. Such as a two-fluid nozzle or a rotary
solids to the main flue gas duct. Meanwhile, reference atomizer, may be used. Meanwhile, a two-fluid nozzle is
numeral 56 in FIG. 2 denotes ashes that are spray-dried suitable to spray a relatively small amount of dehydrated
Solids. filtrate 33, and a rotary atomizer is suitable to spray a
Moreover, in this embodiment, protective plates 61, relatively large amount of dehydrated filtrate 33.
which prevent the abrasion of the inner wall surface caused Moreover, the number of nozzles is not one, and a
by the solids contained in the flue gas 18, are provided along 10
plurality of nozzles may be provided according to the
the wall in the introduction area of the flue gas 18 in the body amount of dehydrated filtrate to be treated.
of the spray drying apparatus 50A. A washing unit for washing the inner peripheral wall
The reason for this is as follows: since the speed of the surface of the spray drying apparatus 50A is provided in this
flow of the flue gas 18 to be introduced is in a range of, for embodiment.
example, about 10 to 18 m/s and the flue gas 18 is introduced 15
in a tangential direction of the body of the apparatus, the The washing unit includes a washing nozzle 71 that
protective plates 61 are installed to prevent the abrasion of injects washing liquid 72 over the entire inner wall surface
an inner wall surface 51d of the body of the spray drying 51d and forms a wet wall 72a, and a recovery gutter 73 that
apparatus. recovers falling liquid of the wet wall 72a.
FIG. 3-1 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of The wet wall 72a is formed over the entire inner wall
FIG. 2 and is a schematic diagram illustrating the installed surface 51d so that the generation of a deposit precipitated
state of the protective plates 61 that are provided at the top from the flue gas 18 and the dehydrated filtrate 33 is
portion of the spray drying apparatus 50A. FIG. 3-2 is an prevented.
enlarged view of a portion C of FIG. 3-1. The washing unit may be installed as necessary, and may
As illustrated in FIGS. 3-1 and 3-2, for example, rail-like 25 be omitted when the generation of a deposit is less.
insertion jigs 63 are provided on the inner wall surface 51d Meanwhile, since a spray drying area in the spray drying
of the body of the spray drying apparatus 50A. Further, since apparatus 50A is desulfurization filtrate of which the boiling
the protective plates 61 are adapted to be easily pulled out point is higher than the boiling point of general water so that
from the insertion jigs 63 in a vertical direction, the protec the spray 33a sprayed from the spray nozzle 54 is dried well,
tive plates can be replaced as necessary. 30 the length of the spray drying area is changed according to
Much soot and dust such as ashes having high hardness the evaporation rate of the filtrate so that the residence time
are contained in the flue gas 18 supplied from the boiler 11. of the spray 33a is long.
Furthermore, the inner wall surface 51d needs to be pro The bottom portion of the spray drying apparatus 50A is
tected from the abrasion that is caused by the ashes having joined to a flue gas duct-side opening 82 of the gas Supply
high hardness at the time of the collision of a swirl flow that 35 line L of the main flue gas duct for the flue gas 18 by the
is generated when the flue gas 18 flows in from the gas inlet joining unit 80 that is jointed to a bottom portion-side
52. For this reason, the protective plates 61, which can be opening 81 of the spray drying apparatus. Further, the flue
freely inserted, are provided along the inner wall surface gas 18, which has contributed to the spraying and drying, is
S1d. directly discharged into the flue gas duct through the joining
Meanwhile, the flue gas 18 is introduced into the spray 40 unit 80.
drying apparatus 50A by a difference in pressure loss For example, an expansion is exemplified as the joining
between the flue gas supply line L and the flue gas intro unit 80 and prevents interference between the bottom por
duction line L, or the flue gas 18 is introduced by using an tion of the spray drying apparatus 50A and the flue gas duct.
induced draft fan or the like as necessary. Furthermore, since the height of the spray drying appa
Moreover, an uneven surface 61a is further formed on the 45 ratus 50A is in a range of about 8 to 10 m, the spray drying
surface of the protective plate 61 as illustrated in FIG. 3-2, apparatus 50A is supported by struts or the like separate
and the flow of the flue gas 18 is decelerated by the uneven from the flue gas duct. Meanwhile, if the support of the flue
surface 61a. gas duct is solid, the bottom portion of the spray drying
The uneven surface 61a, which is a deceleration unit, has apparatus 50A and the flue gas duct may be directly joined
been formed on the protective plate 61 in this embodiment. 50 to each other by the joining unit 80 without support mem
However, the invention is not limited thereto, and a gas bers.
deceleration unit may be separately and independently pro Accordingly, a unit for discharging a flue gas and a unit
vided. for discharging ashes do not need to be installed unlike the
The flow-adjusting plates 53 are provided to further case in which the spray drying apparatus is separately and
weaken the vortex flow of the flue gas 18 that collides with 55 independently installed. As a result, it is possible to simplify
the protective plate 61. the structure of the apparatus.
The flow-adjusting plates 53 according to this embodi According to this embodiment, in the spray drying appa
ment are radially supported around a supply line 54a for the ratus 50A, the flue gas 18 is changed to the laminar flow X
dehydrated filtrate 33, which is supplied to the spray nozzle by the flow-adjusting plates 53 and the dehydrated filtrate 33
54, by a supportunit (not illustrated). Further, the flue gas 18 60 from the desulfurization waste water 30 is sprayed into the
is changed to a downward flow of a laminar flow X from a flue gas 18, which has been changed to the laminar flow X,
vortex flow (swirl flow) by the flow-adjusting plates 53. from the spray nozzle 54. Accordingly, the dehydrated
Meanwhile, the flow-adjusting plates 53 may be vertically filtrate 33 is sprayed and dried well. In this case, since the
provided close to the inner wall surface 51d. abrasion, which is caused by the flue gas 18 colliding with
The dehydrated filtrate 33 is ejected as a spray 33a from 65 the inner wall surface 51d when being introduced and
the spray nozzle 54 to the flue gas 18 having been changed discharged, is prevented by the protective plates 61, the
to the laminar flow X. durability of the spray drying apparatus 50A is improved.
 US 9,468,862 B2
10
In addition, since the washing unit for washing the inner wherein the bottom portion of the spray drying apparatus
portion of the spray drying apparatus 50A is provided and is connected to a longitudinal intermediate portion of
washing using the wet wall 72a is performed, it is possible the outlet duct such that the flue gas discharged from
to prevent the generation of Scale on the inner wall Surface the bottom portion is provided to a midstream of main
by washing the high-concentration ashes 56 contained in the 5 flue gas flowing in the outlet duct.
flue gas 18 and a large amount of precipitated Salt after 2. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 1,
spraying and drying. Accordingly, the durability of the spray wherein
drying apparatus 50A is improved. the gas inlet being provided in the body portion in the
Second Embodiment 10
vicinity of the top portion of the spray drying apparatus.
3. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 1,
wherein:
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spray drying apparatus
for dehydrated filtrate from desulfurization waste water the flue gas and spray-dried solids are discharged from the
according to a second embodiment. Meanwhile, the same body portion to the outlet duct of the spray drying
members as the members of the spray drying apparatus 50A 15 apparatus.
of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference 4. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 1,
numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated. wherein:
As illustrated in FIG. 4, a spray drying apparatus 50B of the outlet duct and the body portion of the spray drying
this embodiment is provided with a washing liquid storage apparatus are configured so that the flow direction of
tank 74 that is used to recover and reuse washing liquid 72 the flue gas and spray-dried solids flow is perpendicular
of a washing unit. to the extending direction of the outlet duct.
A wet wall 72a, which is formed on the inner surface of 5. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 1,
a body of the spray drying apparatus, washes a precipitated wherein:
deposit off. The washing liquid 72 is recovered by a recovery the outlet duct including a portion extending Substantially
gutter 73 and is recovered to the washing liquid storage tank 25 orthogonal to the body portion.
74 through a recovery line L and is stored. The washing 6. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 1,
liquid 72 is supplied again to a washing nozzle 71 through wherein:
a washing liquid Supply line L2 by a circulating pump 75. the outlet duct connected to the bottom portion of the
Further, since the concentration of the washing liquid 72 spray drying apparatus being parallel to the gas inlet.
is increased if washing is continued for a long period of time, 30 7. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 1,
dilution water 76 is appropriately supplied to dilute the further comprising:
washing liquid. Furthermore, when the concentration of the a plurality of plates provided in the body portion of the
washing liquid becomes equal to or higher than a predeter spray drying apparatus to change the flow of the flue
mined value, a part of the washing liquid 72 is drawn from gaS.
the washing liquid storage tank 74, and the washing liquid 35 8. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 1
72 is diluted with the same amount of the dilution water 76 further comprising:
as the drawn washing liquid. Then, washing is performed a plurality of flow-adjusting plates configured to change
aga1n. the flow of the flue gas to a laminar flow.
9. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 7.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 40 wherein
each of the plurality of plates configured to change the
10 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM flow of the flue gas.
11 BOILER 10. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 8.
12 DENITRATION DEVICE wherein:
13 AIR HEATER 45 the plurality of the flow-adjusting plates being arranged
14 PRECIPITATOR vertically inside the body portion so that one end of
15 DESULFURIZATION DEVICE each the plurality of the flow adjusting plates being
16 COLLECTED DUSTASH close to an inner wall surface of the body portion.
18 FLUE GAS 11. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 8.
3O DESULFURIZATION WASTE WATER 50 further comprising:
32 DEHYDRATOR a Supply line for introducing the waste water provided in
33 DEHYDRATED FILTRATE the body portion of the spray drying apparatus, wherein
50A, 50B SPRAY DRYING APPARATUS the plurality of the flow-adjusting plates being arranged
52 GAS INLET around the Supply line and fan out from the Supply line
53 FLOW-ADJUSTING PLATE 55 in a radial direction towards an inner wall surface of the
54 SPRAY NOZZLE body portion.
56 ASHES 12. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 1,
further comprising:
The invention claimed is: a plurality of protective plates being provided along an
1. A spray drying apparatus, comprising: 60 inner wall surface of the body portion that is in the
a body portion, a top portion and a bottom portion; vicinity of a flue gas introduction area so as to prevent
a gas inlet, for introducing a flue gas, being provided in abrasion of the inner wall surface caused by solids
the body portion; contained in the flue gas.
a spray noZZle for spraying waste water into the flue gas 13. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 12,
in order to evaporate and dry the waste water, and 65 further comprising:
an outlet duct connected to the bottom portion of the spray a deceleration unit provided on each of the plurality of
drying apparatus, protective plates to decelerate the flow of the flue gas.
 US 9,468,862 B2
11 12
14. An air pollution control system comprising: the outlet duct connected to the bottom of the spray drying
a boiler for combusting fuel; apparatus being parallel to the gas inlet.
an air heater for recovering heat of a flue gas supplied 22. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 16,
from the boiler; further comprising:
a precipitator for removing soot and dust contained in the a plurality of plates provided in the body portion of the
flue gas from which heat has been recovered; spray drying apparatus to change the flow of the flue
gaS.
a desulfurization device for removing a sulfur oxide 23. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 16,
contained in the flue gas, from which soot and dust further comprising:
have been removed, by an absorbent; 10
a plurality of flow-adjusting plates configured to change
a dehydrator for removing gypsum from desulfurization the flow of the flue gas to a laminar flow.
waste water discharged from the desulfurization 24. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 22,
device; wherein
the spray drying apparatus according to claim 1 including each of the plurality of plates configured to change the
a spray unit for spraying dehydrated filtrate supplied 15
flow of the flue gas.
from the dehydrator; and 25. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 23,
wherein:
a flue gas introduction line for introducing a part of the the plurality of the flow-adjusting plates being arranged
flue gas to the spray drying apparatus.
15. The air pollution control system as set forth in claim vertically inside the body portion so that one end of
14, wherein each the plurality of the flow adjusting plates being
the dehydrator being a centrifugal separator. close to an inner wall surface of the body portion.
16. A spray drying apparatus, comprising: 26. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 23,
a body portion, a top portion and a bottom; further comprising:
a gas inlet, for introducing a flue gas, being provided in a Supply line for introducing the waste water provided in
the body portion in the vicinity of the spray drying the body portion of the spray drying apparatus, wherein
apparatus;
25 the plurality of the flow-adjusting plates being arranged
a spray nozzle for spraying waste water into the flue gas around the supply line and fan out from the supply line
in a radial direction towards an inner wall surface of the
in order to evaporate and dry the waste water; and body portion.
an outlet duct connected to the bottom of the spray drying 27. An air pollution control system comprising:
apparatus, 30
wherein the bottom portion of the spray drying apparatus a boiler for combusting fuel;
is connected to a longitudinal intermediate portion of an air heater for recovering heat of a flue gas supplied
the outlet duct such that the flue gas discharged from from the boiler;
the bottom portion is provided to a midstream of main a precipitator for removing soot and dust contained in the
flue gas flowing in the outlet duct, and 35
flue gas from which heat has been recovered;
wherein an upstream of the outlet duct is connected with a desulfurization device for removing a sulfur oxide
an upstream of the gas inlet. contained in the flue gas, from which soot and dust
17. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 16, have been removed, by an absorbent;
wherein a dehydrator for removing gypsum from desulfurization
the gas inlet being provided in the body portion in the 40
waste water discharged from the desulfurization
Vicinity of the top portion of the spray drying apparatus. device;
18. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 16, the spray drying apparatus according to claim 16 includ
wherein: ing a spray unit for spraying dehydrated filtrate sup
the flue gas and spray-dried solids are discharged from the plied from the dehydrator; and
body portion to the outlet duct of the spray drying 45 a flue gas introduction line for introducing a part of the
flue gas to the spray drying apparatus.
apparatus.
19. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 16, 27,28.wherein
The air pollution control system as set forth in claim
wherein:
the outlet duct and the body portion of the spray drying the dehydrator being a centrifugal separator.
29. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 9.
apparatus are configured so that the flow direction of so wherein:
the flue gas and spray-dried solids flow is perpendicular the plurality of the plates include flow-adjusting plates
to the extending direction of the outlet duct. and/or protective plates.
20. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 16, 30. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 24,
wherein:
the outlet duct including a portion extending substantially 55 wherein:
the plurality of the plates include flow-adjusting plates
orthogonal to the body portion. and/or protective plates.
21. The spray drying apparatus as set forth in claim 16,
wherein: ck ck ck ck ck