Prescriptive Period

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PERJURY

PEOPLE VS. RUFO B. CRUZ


G.R. No. L-15132
May 25, 1960

That offense as defined in Article 183 of the Revised Penal Code is the
willful and corrupt assertion of a falsehood under oath or affirmation
administered by authority of law on a material matter. The said article
provides:

ART. 183. False testimony in other cases and perjury in solemn


affirmation. — The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to
prision correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed upon any
person who, knowingly making untruthful statements and not being
included in the provisions of the next preceding articles, shall testify under
oath, or to make an affidavit, upon any material matter before a competent
person authorized to administer an oath in cases in which the law so
requires.

Any person who, in the case of solemn affirmation made in lieu of an oath,
shall commit any of the falsehood mentioned in this and the three
preceding articles of this section, shall suffer the respective penalties
provided therein.

Under paragraph 3 of Article 90 of the Revised Penal Code, "Those


crimes, punishable by a correctional penalty shall prescribed in ten years;
with the exception of those punishable by arresto mayor, which shall
prescribed in five years." While the penalty fixed by law is a compound one,
the highest penalty shall, according to the last paragraph of the same
article, be made the basis of the application of the rules contained therein.
The penalty for the crime of perjury being a compound one, the
highest of which is correctional, we hold that said crime
prescribes in ten years. Even assuming, therefore, that the prescription
of the offense here in question began to run from the date of its
commission, since there was nothing that was concealed or needed to be
discovered, as maintained by the accused, it is apparent that the present
proceedings were, under the law, commenced within the statutory period.
From October 19, 1948, when the application form was accomplished, to
February 27, 1956, when these proceedings were instituted, only 7 years, 4
months and 8 days have elapsed.
The penalty for perjury under Article 183 of the Revised Penal Code, as
already seen, is arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision
correccional in its minimum period. Since there is no mitigating or
aggravating circumstance the penalty should be imposed in its medium
period. Applying the Indeterminate Sentence Law, the penalty should be
from 4 months of arresto mayor as minimum to 1 year and 1 day of prision
correccional as maximum.

Wherefore, with the modification that the accused is hereby sentenced to


suffer the penalty of from 4 months of arresto mayor as minimum to 1 year
and 1 day of prision correccional as maximum, the judgment appealed from
is affirmed. Costs against the accused-appellant.

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