Comperhensive Nursing L4

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD
COMPREHENSIVE NURSING
NTQF Level IV
Ministry of Education
June 2011
Introduction
Ethiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its TVET-System. Within the

policies and strategies of the Ethiopian Government, technology transformation – by
using international standards and international best practices as the basis, and,
adopting, adapting and verifying them in the Ethiopian context – is a pivotal element.
TVET is given an important role with regard to technology transfer. The new
paradigm in the outcome-based TVET system is the orientation at the current and
anticipated future demand of the economy and the labor market.
The Ethiopia Occupational Standards (EOS) is the core element of the Ethiopian
National TVET-Strategy and an important factor within the context of the National
TVET-Qualification Framework (NTQF). They are national Ethiopian standards,
which define the occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a
specific occupation without taking TVET delivery into account.
This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for the
Ethiopia Occupational Standard which comprised of Units of Competence.
A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a

standard format that comprises:
 Occupational title and NTQF level
 Unit title
 Unit code
 Unit descriptor
 Elements and Performance criteria
 Variables and Range statement
 Evidence guide
Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor in determining
whether the candidate is competent.
The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the

occupation with all the key components of a Unit of Competence:
 Chart with an overview of all Units of Competence for the respective level (Unit of
Competence Chart) including the Unit Codes and Unit Titles
 Contents of each Unit of Competence (competence standard)
 Occupational map providing the technical and vocational education and training
(TVET) providers with information and important requirements to consider when
designing training programs for this standards and for the individual, a career
path
Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

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Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard June 2011
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART
Occupational Standard: Comprehensive Nursing
Occupational Code: HLT CON
NTQF Level IV
HLT CON4 01 0611 HLT CON4 02 0611 HLT CON4 03 0611
Provide Maternal and Provide Care in the Implement and Monitor
Pre/Post and Intra Nursing Care for Clients
child health care with Acute Health
Operative Nursing Problem

Perform Nursing Administer and Monitor Apply Principles of
Process Medications in the Wound Management
and assist in advanced
Work Environment procedures

Make Referrals to Practice legal and Manage Workplace
Other health care ethical parameters OHS Management
professionals when towards nursing care
appropriate System

Deliver and Monitor a Promote Innovation Contribute to
Service to Customers and Change Organizational
Effectiveness in the
Health Industry

Migrate to New Manage and Maintain Establish Quality
Technology Small/Medium Standards
Business Operations
1611111 1616 14
HLT CON4 16 0611 HLT CON4 17 1012
Develop Teams and Manage Continuous
Individuals Improvement System

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Occupational Standard: Comprehensive Nursing Level IV
Unit Title Provide Maternal and Child Health
Unit Code HLT CON4 01 0611
Unit Descriptor The competency unit describes the knowledge and skills
required by an enrolled nurse working in the area of providing
care to mothers and babies in a range of settings, such as
postnatal, low risk nursery, child and family health and pediatric
settings.
Elements Performance Criteria

1. Provide care for 1.1 Performing an assessment is practiced to the mother and
a mother and her baby in consultation/collaboration with the midwife.
baby 1.2 Correctly use terminology associated with pregnancy, labor
and antenatal care is practiced of mother.
1.3 A knowledge of patterns are done with of antenatal and
postpartum care of mother, and practiced to deliver care in
line with own nursing role.
1.4 The mother is assisted and supported with feeding to baby.
1.5 Any difficulties of feeding baby are referred to the midwife.
1.6 Methods to contraception are discussed with the mother.
1.7 Safe bathing is demonstrated based on the baby safety
dressing techniques and feeding assistance for the
newborn.
1.8 Care plans and progress notes are reviewed to the
newborn; and observations and progress are discussed in
line with the enrolled nurse responsibilities.
1.9 Any abnormal observations and report are recorded to
midwife to care for a mother and her baby.
1.10 Potential emotional, spiritual and/or specific cultural
needs are identified and discussed with new mothers, as
appropriate, in consultation/collaboration with the midwife.
1.11 Holistic care is provided to support maternal and child
health in line with own nursing role.
1.12 Immunization is provided for the mother and the baby.
1.13 Health education is provided during antenatal ,pre-natal
and post natal period.
2. Interpret the 2.1 Worked with an understanding of the historical
impact of sexual development of sexual and reproductive health strategies.
and reproductive 2.2 The global contest of sexual and reproductive health is
health on a client
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and/or their acknowledged.
family 2.3 The impact of population on service delivery and access Is
acknowledged.
2.4 Client to access relevant screening programs. is assisted.
2.5 Signs and symptoms of male/female reproductive health
conditions are identified.
2.6 Signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted and
reproductive tract infections are identified.
2.7 The impact of sexual and reproductive conditions on
activities of daily living is identified.
3. Practice in 3.1 The mother’s response and progress towards planned care
evaluating the are evaluated in consultation/collaboration with midwife.
outcomes of 3.2 Mother is provided with contact details to the available
planned care community support services.
3.3 Guidance is provided as required to clarify common myths
and superstitions associated with caring for mothers and
babies in consultation/collaboration with the midwife.
3.4 The mother’s ability is assessed to feed, settle, bathe and
care for her baby in preparation for discharge.
3.5 Outcomes are documented and communicated to other
members of the health care team.
Variables Range
Occupational  You ensure that your own health and hygiene does not pose
Health Safety a threat to others.
(OHS):  Wear correct personal protective clothing appropriate to
Mother and Child Care activities.
 Use correct manipulations and handling techniques of
assessing a pregnant women
 Store equipment and materials appropriately.
 Deal with spillages and disposal of waste according to
standards and guide lines.
Tools and  Vital singe measuring equipments,
Equipment  Antiseptic solutions,
 Examination couch,
 Delivery coach
 Table and seats,
 Recording and reporting formats (e.g. parthograph)
 Loge books,
 Foetal assessment and monitoring equipments,
 Weighing scale and height scale
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 Lab requests.
 Measuring tape
 Delivery set
 Suction machine
 Oxygen
 Heater
 Adult and pediatric bed
Types and Sources  Focused ANC guide line ,
of Information  Posters and diagrams ,
 Teaching curriculum
 New world Health Organization antenatal care model,
International confederation Midwives web site
Terminology  Gestation  Embryo
associated with  Gravid  Placenta
pregnancy may  Parity  Fetus
include  Still born  Trimesters
 Termination  Signs of pregnancy
 Viability  Confirmation of pregnancy
Common myths  Birthing
and superstitions  Breast feeding
may relate to, for  Circumcision.
example
Terms commonly  Signs of approaching birth  Fundable
associated  True versus false labor  Perineum
with birth include:  Contractions  Agar score
 Rupture of membranes  Fontanel
 Stages of lab our  Meconium
 Episiotomy  Premature
 Types of delivery (e.g.  Conation
caesarian)
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Critical aspects of assessment must include:
Competence  Provide care for a mother and her baby
 Interpret the impact of sexual and reproductive health on a
client and/or their family
 Practice in evaluating the outcomes of planned care
Underpinning At this level the learner must demonstrate understanding of
Knowledge and abroad knowledge base incorporating some theoretical
Attitudes concepts that includes:.
 Anatomy and physiology and associated terminology related
to pregnancy, birth and care of the newborn
 Compliance with current infection control practices and
guidelines
 Workplace health and safety
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 Activities of daily living
 Members of health care team and their roles
 Impact of cultural practices and beliefs in relation to birthing
 Confidentiality and privacy
 Documentation principles
 Availability of community resources
 Organization policy and procedure
Underpinning Skills Essential skills required includes:
 Basic Delivery skill
 Counseling skill
 History taking
 Physical assessment skills
 Communication skill/therapeutic relationship
 Basic physical physiological nursing skill
Resource The learner and trainer should have access to appropriate
Implications documentation and resources normally used in the workplace
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Practical assessment by direct observation of tasks through
simulation/Role-plays
 Written exam/test on underpinning knowledge
 Questioning or interview on underpinning knowledge
 Project-related conditions (real or simulated) and require
evidence of process
Assessment methods must confirm the ability to access and
correctly interpret and apply the essential underpinning
knowledge.
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting. This competence standard could
be assessed on its own or in combination with other
competences relevant to the job function.

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Unit Title Provide Care in the Pre/Post and Intra Operative Nursing
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the skills and knowledge required to apply the
practice of pre / post and intra operative nursing care, building
upon existing skills to enable the enrolled nurse to provide
holistic nursing care Enrolled nurses use a range of complex
nursing interventions to assist client/s, and their significant
others, to attain and maintain optimal health.
Element Performance Criteria

1. Work as part of 1.1 The role of the multi-disciplinary health care team is
the contributed appropriately to support in managing care
multidisciplinary needs of clients in the pre /post and intra-operative
health care team environment.
in the pre /post 1.2 Effective team work and supportive group dynamics are
and intra contributed to achieve working with health care colleagues.
operative
environment 1.3 Relationships with other members of the health care
team are established.
1.4 The philosophical framework for managing care is
incorporated into practice for the client in the pre/ post and
inters operative environment.
1.5 The role of emergency service personnel, referring
agencies and other hospital department staff are
recognized as contributors to the initial/emergency care
needs of the client in the pre/ post and intra operative
environment.
1.6 Professional communication with all members is
maintained to the pre/ post and intra operative team.
2. Contribute to the 2.1 A holistic assessment of the client is performed within the
assessment of pre/ post and intra operative environment in conjunction
client undergoing with registered nurse/midwife by taking into account the
surgical client’s physical, emotional, spiritual and cultural needs.
intervention 2.2 Significant findings in physiological and/or psychological
variables promptly and report are recognized to the
appropriate health team members.
2.3 Contemporary pre/ post intra operative assessment tools
are used accurately.
2.4 Clients, their significant others and other health team
members are communicated effectively to the assessment
of client undergoing surgical intervention.
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2.5 Holistic client centered care is provided in the Pre/ post &
intra operative environment.
2.6 Pre/ post and inters operative assessment is documented to
any special needs identified for the client.
3. Contribute to the 3.1 An individualized plan of care is developed for client in the
planning care for preoperative environment in conjunction with registered
pre/ post and nurse midwife and in consultation/collaboration with the
intra operative client and the health care team registered nurse.
client 3.2 Registered nurse to ensure nursing care plan is participated
that reflects specific nursing care requirements in
accordance with health unit policy.
3.3 Registered nurse to ensure care plan is participated that
reflects client’s current nursing needs and nursing actions
designed to maximize physical function and minimize
potential complications.
3.4 Understanding of risk management principles are
demonstrated in planning client’s care.
3.5 Planned care and therapeutic interventions aim is confirmed
to assist client/s to achieve optimal health outcomes.
3.6 Requirements of client (and identified significant other/s)
are identified for health promotion and education to
enhance the implementation of nursing care plan.
3.7 Regular review of plan is carried out of care in conjunction
with registered nurse and modified to reflect changes in
client’s condition.
3.8 Potential for adverse client outcome is identified and
reported using information gained through pre/post& intra
operative assessment.
3.9 In consultation/collaboration with the registered nurse,
ensured health teaching and discharge planning is
incorporated into practice, in line with the established
policies and procedures for discharge transfer.
4. Perform clinical 4.1 Nursing interventions are prioritized according to the client’s
nursing actions needs in conjunction with the registered nurse.
that are 4.2 Nursing interventions are modified using critical thinking
appropriate to and problem solving approaches to reflect changes in the
the care of client’s condition.
pre/post and intra
operative clients 4.3 Nursing interventions are performed to assist client (and
significant other/s) to meet the expected outcomes of using
care plan, including health promotion and/or education.
4.4 A safe environment is maintained appropriately for the age
specific population.
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4.5 Nursing interventions are monitored to address client’s
needs and revised in consultation/collaboration with the
health care team.
4.6 Contemporary nursing interventions are performed for the
client within the pre/post and intra operative environment
as part of the health care team.
4.7 In conjunction with registered nurse, an individualized plan
of care for the lent is implemented within the pre, post and
intra operative environment.
4.8 Environmental hazards are recognized for the advantage of
every opportunity to reduce risk and promote safety.
4.9 Equipment is checked according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations; ensure proper functioning and take
corrective action; and report when faulty equipment and/or
environmental hazards are detected.
4.10 The practice of infection control is applied to all activities
within the pre /post & introspective environment; applying
a surgical conscience at all times in line with the Ethiopian
standards.
4.11 Appropriate preoperative diagnostic procedures are
undertaken in line with the organizational policies and
procedures.
4.12 Implement appropriate preoperative surgical procedures
in line with the organizational policies and procedures.
4.13 Medication administration is ensured based on the sound
knowledge of principles of drug actions and side effects in
accordance with the health unit policies and procedures.
5. Evaluate the 5.1 Responses of client/s are identified that are significant to
effectiveness of nursing interventions, and document is evaluated in
nursing accordance with the health unit policy and in conjunction
interventions and with registered nurse.
planned care in 5.2 Client understanding of their condition, medications and
pre/ post and therapeutic regimes are assessed according to the prior
intra operative discharge/transfer.
environment
5.3 Client acceptance is evaluated to the specific health
promotion initiatives prior to discharge/transfer
5.4 Understanding of identified significant in relation to current
condition is assessed and reviewed of client and their
ongoing management.
5.5 Appropriate emergency response is identified to the adverse
reactions or pre/post and intra operative complications and
initiate as required.

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5.6 Emergency treatment and the client’s response are reported
and documented to evaluate effectiveness of the nursing
interventions.
Variables Range
Occupational  You ensure that your own health and hygiene does not pose
Health Safety a threat to others.
(OHS)  Wear correct personal protective clothing appropriate to
administration and monitoring of medication.
 Use correct handling techniques of assessing administration
and monitoring of medication.
standards and guide lines.
Tools and Vital sign measuring equipments, antiseptic solutions,
Equipment examination couch, table and seats, recording and reporting
format and log books, weighting scale, measuring tape, lab
request materials
Types and Sources Focused on surgical/ operative guide line, teaching curriculum,
of Information using web site.
Clients may  Inpatients
include:  Outpatients ranging from neonates to the frail aged client
Health care setting  Preoperative
may include:  Hospital setting
 Free standing Day Surgery/Ambulatory Care facility
 Intravenous therapy
Multidisciplinary  Nurses
health care team  Surgeons
members may  Anesthetists
include:  Support Staff including, SSD Technical Aids, Wards men,
Porters, Stockroom Assistants,
 Allied health staff including, radiographers and
physiotherapists
Client assessment  Performance of activities of daily living
may include:  Loss of physical function
 Perceptions of pain
 Accompanying trauma or injury
 Self image and body image concerns
 Impact on family or significant others
 Expectations of surgical procedure
 Expectations of post operative procedures
 Levels of mobility
 Presence of co-morbidities and previous medical history
 Skin integrity
 Previous surgical intervention

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 Fear and anxiety associated with surgical intervention
 Psycho social considerations
 Physiological alterations associated with surgical intervention
 Preoperative, Intra operative and Postoperative complications
 Accompanying trauma or injury
 Level of client knowledge regarding their surgical experience
 Community or Public Health facilities and settings
Planning  Preoperative nursing records
appropriate care  Nursing care plans
may include:  Observation sheets
 Anesthetic records
 Medical record
 Computerized operation notes
 Clinical pathways
 Treatment plans
 Discharge plans
 Community referrals
 Health teaching
 Rehabilitation plans
 Theatre booking processes
Evaluation of  Monitoring of clients response to surgical procedure
planned outcomes  Clarification of client understanding of health teaching,
may include: discharge planning or return appointment schedule
 Client understanding of care needs post discharge
Actual and potential  Electrolyte imbalance  Hemorrhage
problems may  Fluid overload  Neurovascular damage
include but are not  Reduced CO2  Cerebral Vascular Accident
limited to:  Hypoxia/Hypoxemia  Arrhythmia
 Sepsis
Clinical nursing  Airway management
skills may include  Use of suction equipment
but are not limited  Maintenance of normothermia
to:  Preoperative nursing assessment
 Preparing the client for anesthesia and surgical intervention
 Practice in the various roles of the preoperative nurse under
the supervision of the Registered Nurse
 Positioning of the client for surgical intervention
 Medication management
 Urinary catheterization (female clients)
 Physiological monitoring equipment
 Role in transfusion / fluid management
 Assessment and monitoring of homodynamic status and fluid
replacement therapies
 Handover to post anesthesia care unit
 Principles of decontamination and sterilization

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 Material resource management
 Aseptic technique
 Management of the client in the post anesthetic care unit
 Caring for the immediate post-operative client Postoperative
monitoring(delete)
 Airway management in the post anesthesia care unit
 Preparation of the preoperative environment
 Discharge planning considerations
 Handover & documentation
 Client education
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Observation of performance in a work context is essential for
Competence assessment of this unit
 Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over
the required range of workplace situations and should occur
on more than one occasion and be assessed by a registered
nurse
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge on:
Knowledge and  Relevant medical/medication terminology and approved
Attitudes medication abbreviations
 Organization policies and procedures, guidelines and
protocols, including workplace health and safety policies to
ensure safe practice eg management of sharps
 Ethical guidelines including confidentiality, duty of care and
public safety
 Application of guidelines to individual needs of clients(ie.
therapeutic interventions, hygiene, dignity, esteem, physical,
cultural and cognitive restrictions)
 Relevant path physiology
 Factors influencing medication actions
 Major medication groups
 Documentation associated with medication administration
 Systems of medication delivery and medication
administration devices (e.g. pumps and syringe drivers)
within the scope of own role
 State/territory legislative requirements relating to medication
administration
 Legal requirements for practice parameters of enrolled nurse
relating to the administration of medications, including legal
requirements of each route of administration
 Methods of storage, handling and usage of medications
 Role of the health care team in the administration of
medications
 An awareness of the role of complementary therapies
 Substance incompatibilities, including:
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 anaphylactic reactions
 adverse reactions
 contraindications
 precautions
 side effects
 An understanding of the pharmacology of medications
including:
 pharmacodynamics
 pharmacokinetics
 pharmacotherapeutics
 toxicology
 Own role in medical emergency
 Principles of peripheral intravenous therapy.
 People’s perception of pain and principles and strategies to
alleviate pain
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate skills on:
 History taking
 Communication skill/therapeutic relationships
 Advanced therapeutic skills
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications  Workplace or fully equipped assessment location with
necessary tools and equipment as well as consumable
materials
evidence of process
knowledge.
Unit Title Implement and Monitor Nursing Care for Clients with Acute
Health Problem
Unit Descriptor This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge
required to contribute to the care of the person with an acute
health problem by performing nursing interventions that support
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their health care needs and assist them to regain optimal
function and lifestyle.

1. Identify the 1.1 The clinical manifestations of acute health problems on
impact of body systems are clarified.
acute health 1.2 The physical and/or psychological impacts of acute health
problems on problems on activities of daily living are clarified through
the client and discussion with the client and/or family (with client consent).
their family
1.3 The understanding of the pathophysiology of the client’s
underlying/present condition is confirmed.
1.4 Actual and potential health issues of a client presenting with
an acute health problem are identified through discussion of
information gained from a preliminary health assessment
with the appropriate members of the health care team.
1.5 Problem solving approach is used to assess the impact of
the acute health problem on the client and their family, and
the achievement of activities of daily living.
1.6 Available resources and support services are discussed
with client/s and significant others where appropriate with
the consent of the client.
1.7 Confidentiality is maintained in line with the facility policy
and procedures.
2. Contribute to 2.1 Admission data for the client with an acute health problem,
planning care for inclusion in a care plan is gathered and recorded
for the client according to the organizational policy.
with acute 2.2 Ongoing clinical data for inclusion in the client’s care plan is
Health gathered and recorded in line with the organizational policy.
problems
2.3 Information and data on the activities of daily living for the
client with an acute illness are contributed for inclusion in a
discharge plan.
2.4 Discussions on the care of the client are contributed
effectively with other members of the health team.
2.5 The rationale for the planned care and therapeutic
interventions in assisting the client to achieve optimal health
outcomes is explained.
2.6 Factors relevant to client’s situation are identified to give
consideration to the physical, psychological, social and
economic impacts.
2.7 Client discharge procedure is implemented in line with the
organizational policy and procedures.

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2.8 Changes client’s condition are accurately gathered,
documented and reported to the appropriate health care
team members.
2.9 Clients in health and/or community settings are advocated.
3.Contribute to 3.1 Emergency service personnel, referring agencies and other
multidisciplinar hospital department staff are interacted appropriately with
y health care health care team.
team in caring 3.2 An understanding of the role of specialist nursing and
for clients in the medical services is done with the care of clients in the
critical care critical care environment.
environment
3.3 Multi-disciplinary team is collaborated with the partnership
and client to maintain the continuity of care.
3.4 Factors relevant to client’s situation are identified to give
consideration to the physical, psychological, social and
economic impacts.
3.5 Data collected and communicated to relevant members is
reviewed with the health care team.
4.Perform nursing 4.1 Nursing interventions are undertaken based on the
interventions to predetermined plans of care.
support health 4.2 Nursing interventions are ensured to reflect client’s needs
care of clients and individuality.
with acute
health 4.3 Nursing interventions are performed with respect to the
problems dignity of the client.
4.4 Consideration of cultural and religious issues is reflected in
the performance of nursing interventions.
4.5 The client and/or their significant others are encouraged to
assist in the performance of nursing interventions.
4.6 Physical, psychological and social needs in the
performance of nursing interventions are considered.
4.7 Nursing interventions are carried out in accordance with
professional, legal, ethical and organization requirements
4.8 Critical thinking and problem solving approaches were used
4.9 Administered medications are done safely based on the
knowledge of principles of drug actions and side effects.
4.10 Clients are assisted to meet their activities of daily living.
4.11 Gender and age issues are addressed in the performance
of nursing interventions.
4.12 Emergency situations are identified and responded
according to the organizational policy and procedure, and
within the legal and professional requirements.
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4.15 Health teaching plans for the client with an acute health
problem should be contributed and supported.
4.16 Appropriate psychological support and care for individual
clients are identified.
4.17 Emergency situations are reported and documented
according to the policy and procedure.
4.18 Pre- and post-procedure care in nursing interventions is
reflected.
5.Contribute to an 5.1 The roles and responsibilities of members of the emergency
emergency response team are confirmed.
response 5.2 Equipment on the emergency trolley is prepared and/or
checked.
5.3 Access, in response to request from emergency response
team, drugs are commonly used during emergency
resuscitation (including drugs for anaphylaxis).
5.4 Performing emergency resuscitation techniques are
implemented with participation.
6. Contribute to 6.1 Contribution is done to the collection of pre-operative client
pre-operative health assessment data, consent and addressing all
nursing care of relevant factors according to the institutional policy.
a client 6.2 Preparation for specific surgical procedures is assisted.
6.3 Contribution is done to the nursing management of a
preoperative client.
6.4 Actions and side effects of drugs commonly used pre-
operatively are monitored and reported.
6.5 Clients recovering from a range of anesthesia used for
general, local and epidural/spinal procedures are
responded appropriately.
6.6 The relationship between pre-operative care and
postoperative complications is taken into account in pre-
operative care.
7.Contribute to 7.1 The rationale for performing a blood transfusion is
the nursing confirmed.
care of client 7.2 Contribute to the observations of client undergoing blood
receiving a transfusion
blood
transfusion 7.3 An awareness of potential complications of blood
transfusion is done continuously.
7.4 Appropriate precautions relating to bodily fluids were taken.
Variables Range
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Health care 
Hospitals
settings may 
Residential aged care facilities
include: 
Respite centers

Short/long stay centers

Community setting
 Rural and remote settings
Legal ,ethical and  National/state Acts of Parliament with impact on nursing
regulatory practice e.g. Nurses Acts, Mental Health Act, Drugs and
frameworks which Poisons Act/s.
may include:  Privacy legislation
 Equal employment legislation
 Occupational health and safety Act/Regulations
 Statutory nurse regulatory authorities regulations
 Freedom of information Act
 Disability Services Act
 Antidiscrimination legislation
 Criminal Acts
 Damages
 Foresee ability
 Breach of duty of care
Regulatory bodies  Ethiopian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ENMC)
may include:  State or territory nurse regulatory authority
Management of  Legal documentation
client information  Computerized records
includes:  Freedom of Information legislation
 Privacy Act
 Confidentiality
Plans of care  Nursing care plans  Client notes
could include:  Clinical pathways  Manual and electronic storage
 Treatment plans systems
 Medical notes  Resident classification records
Acute health  Acute renal disorders  Fractures
problems include  Acute gastrointestinal  Hemorrhage
the following: disorders  Deep Vein thrombosis
 Acute neurological  Elective cosmetic surgery
disorder  Head injury
 Acute pain  Myocardial infarction
 Acute respiratory  Plastic/reconstructive surgery
disorders  Renal calculi
 Unconscious state  Sepsis
 Angina  Shock
 Burns  Tropical diseases
 Cellulites  Wounds
 Dehydration  Poisoning
Acute clinical Achievement of activities of daily living

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nursing  Acute admission procedure
interventions may  Acute wound management
include:  Airway management
 Application of anti embolism stockings
 Assessment and management of acute pain
 Assessment/observation of level of consciousness
 Assessment/observation of respiratory function
 Care of client with chest pain
 Care of client with drainage tubes/systems
 Care of client with nausea and vomiting
 Care of client with a cast
 Care of client with traction devices
 Circulation observations
 Complications of acute bed rest
 Discharge of client
 First aid
 Fluid balance recording
 Incentive spirometry and peak flow measurements
 Monitoring blood transfusion
 Monitoring of intravenous therapy
 Neurovascular observations
 Post operative observations, exercises and care
 Pre operative observations, exercises and care
 Preparation for medical procedure
 Preparation for surgical procedure
 Pulse oximetry
 Removal of sutures/staples
 Review of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
 Stabilizing of client with retrieval team
 Tracheotomy care (established stoma)
 Transfer of client – intra facility
 Transfer/evacuation of client to another facility
 Vascular observations
 Manage positioning according to situation
Common  Elective/emergency
terminology  General/local/epidural/spinal anesthetic
associated  Caudal/peripheral nerve block
with surgery may  Debridement
include:  Skin graft
 Amputation
 Open reduction
 Hip replacement
 Craniotomy
 Tonsillectomy
 Appendicectomy

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 Laparotomy
 Hysterectomy
 Hemorrhage
 Deep vein thrombosis
 Lavage
When  Any physical or mental problems which may hinder
communicating/ communication (such as deafness or dementia, or disease
caring for a client, processes)
the following may  Individual consideration of the following socioeconomic,
need to be physiological variables will be addressed (social, gender,
considered: emotional, intellectual, language, culture)
 All verbal and non-verbal interactions with client and
colleagues in a range of appropriate interpersonal context
 Effective communication skills include non judgmental
attributes, active listening, using culturally appropriate
communication methods, nonverbal behavior to indicate
understanding of what is being said, responses that are
culturally appropriate
 Potential resources required such as equipment, appropriate
documentation, occupational health and safety guidelines
Vital signs may  Respiratory status assessment (i.e. rate, rhythm, depth and
include, but are sound)
not limited to:  Perfusion status assessment (i.e. pulse, blood pressure)
 Temperature status assessment
 Oxygen saturation (i.e. triflow, peak flow, oxygen therapy)
 Pain tolerance assessment
 Urinalysis
 Faecal assessment
 Blood sugar level
Client history may  Pre-existing conditions  Muscle/skeletal activity
include:  Allergies  Behavioral characteristics
 Current history  Nutritional status
 Allied health team  Hydration status
recommendations  Psychological needs
 Current medication  Psychosocial needs
 Continence status  Next of kin
 Skin integrity  Diagnostic procedures/
investigations
Pre-operative  Vital signs
assessment data  Allergies
may include:  Age, height, weight
 Urinalysis
 Hydration/nutritional status
 Medical/surgical history (including family history)
 Prescribe and non-prescribed medications
 Patterns of drug use/ smoking/alcohol
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Specific  Fasting
preparation may  Identification band
include:  Skin preparation
 Appropriate dress for surgical procedure
 Removal of jeweler and safe storage
 Administration of prescribed pre-medications
 Denture removal (if necessary)
 ID band/allergy ID
Drugs commonly  Sedatives/hypnotics  Narcotic analgesia
used pre-  Anticholinergics  Topical analgesia
operatively:  Muscle relaxants  Antidotes
Post-operative Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
pain management  Narcotic infusion
strategies may  Epidural analgesia
include:  Topical analgesia
 Oral analgesics
 Subcutaneous/intramuscular injection analgesia,intravenous
Post an aesthetic  Level of consciousness
and postoperative  Vital signs
observations may  Drain tubes/dressings
include:  Intravenous therapy
 Indwelling catheters
 Neurovascular observations
 Skin color
 Intercostal catheter
 Underwater seal drainage
 Fluid intake – intravenous (IV), central venous catheter
(CVC), total parenteral nutrition (TPN), oral, nasogastric
 Fluid output – urinary, wound drainage, suction, vomitus
Drugs commonly  Analgesia
used  Antiemetic
postoperatively  Antibiotic
may include:  Anti-inflammatory/Anti-coagulants
Potential Pain at intravenous site and arm
complications of  Loin pain
blood transfusion  Urticaria (hives)
may include:  Nausea and/or vomiting
 Headache
 Flushing, chills and/or fever
 Anxiety
 Tachycardia
 Wheezing, progressing to cyanosis
 Haematuria
 Anaphylactic reaction/shock
 Cardiac arrest

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 Death
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of A person who demonstrates competency in this unit must be
Competence able to provide evidence of:
 The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
specified essential knowledge as well as skills
 Observation of performance in a work context is essential for
assessment of this unit
nurse
Knowledge and  Knowledge and application of legislation to enrolled nurse
Attitudes practice
 Knowledge of law – sources, types, court system, common
law, statute law, civil law, precedent
 Knowledge of law of torts – negligence, trespass, assault and
battery, types of consent, valid consent, legal and intellectual
capacity, false imprisonment and defamation
 Knowledge of the coroner, including - functions of the
coroner, coronial inquests and giving evidence to the coroner
 Knowledge of contemporary ethical issues – autonomy, non-
malfeasance, beneficence, justice, rights
 A moral decision making model
 Principles of confidentiality and privacy responsibilities
 Application of ethical principles to Enrolled Nurse practice
 definitions of ethics, bioethics and nursing ethics
 theoretical concepts informing ethical conduct
 Models of documentation
 Members of health care team
Underpinning Demonstrate skills to:
Skills  Apply problem solving skills, including use of tools and
techniques to solve problems,
 Analyze information and make decisions that require
discretion and confidentiality
 Apply professional standards of practice:
 ENA code of conduct
 ENA code of ethics
 State/territory Nurse Regulatory Nurses Act
 State/territory Nursing and Midwifery Regulatory
Authority standards of practice
 Scope of nursing practice decision making framework
 Participate as a member of a health care team
 Perform acute clinical nursing interventions/procedures

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 Use interpersonal skills including working with others,
empathizing with clients, family and colleagues, using
sensitivity when dealing with people and relating to persons
from differing cultural, spiritual, social and religious
backgrounds
Resource For reasons of safety, access to equipment and resources and
Implications space, assessment takes place away from the workplace;
simulations should be used to represent workplace conditions
as closely as possible.
Assessment  Practical assessment by direct observation of tasks
through simulation/Role-plays
evidence of process
knowledge.

Unit Title Perform Nursing Process
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the competencies required to undertake
nursing assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and
evaluation of patient care.

1. Perform nursing 1.1 Subjective and objective data is collected from patient and
assessment significant others based on the protocols/standards.
1.2 Actual and potential patient problems are identified.

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1.3 Holistic approaches are used during assessment.
1.4 Records are kept in patient’s chart.
2. Develop nursing 2.1 Problems are prioritized for the process based on the
diagnosis assessment.
2.2 Nursing diagnosis is developed using NANDA.
2.3 Records are kept in patient’s chart.
3. Develop nursing 3.1 Problems are prioritized based on the basic life need.
plan 3.2 Goals/expected outcomes are identified.
3.3 Appropriate interventions are selected for the problems.
3.4 Resource implications are identified to implement the plan
3.5 Records are kept in the nursing care plan format.
4. Implement 4.1 Responsibilities are carried out as per the plan.
nursing plan 4.2 Procedures were performed using the standard manuals
and guidelines.
5. Perform nursing 5.1 Nursing process is evaluated according to the outcome
evaluation criteria.
5.2 Re-assessment was applied whether the expected
outcomes are achieved or not.
Variables Range
Subjective data  The feelings expressed by the patient
Objective data  Data that can be observed and measured
Actual and potential  Altered breath
problems  Ineffective air way clearance
may include:  Altered fluid and Electrolyte balance
 hing pattern
 Altered state of consciousness
 Decreased cardiac out put
 Allergy/impaired skin integrity
 Alteration of nervous system
 Alteration of gastroenteritis
 Fluid volume excess
 Fluid volume deficit
 Altered Cerebral perfusion
 Vessel occlusion
 Pacemaker lead displacement:
 Altered elimination pattern
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 Impaired physical mobility
 Altered body temperature
 Incontinence
 Constipation
 Diarrhea
 Altered nutrition less than body requirement
Holistic approaches  Spiritual
include:  Physical
 Psychological
 Socio-economic factors
 Environmental factors
NANDA  North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Critical aspects of the competence must include
Competence  Perform nursing assessment
 Develop nursing diagnosis
 Develop nursing plan
 Implement nursing plan
 Perform nursing evaluation
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge and attitudes on:
Knowledge And  Relevant organizational policy and guideline development
Attitudes components and principles.
 Techniques in developing plan of action.
 Client networking, financing, cost estimation and planning
process
 Organizational policies and guidelines
 Commonwealth State/Territory Government policies and
Local Government policies
 Local client Health Plans
 Funding guidelines
 NANDA guidelines
 History taking
 Advanced therapeutic skills
Requirements  Workplace or fully equipped assessment location with
materials

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evidence of process
knowledge.

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Administer and Monitor Medications in the Work
Unit Title
Environment
Unit Descriptor This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge of
the enrolled nurses to administer and monitor medications, and
evaluate their effectiveness for clients within a health
environment.

1. Minimize 1.1 Client medication chart in relation to timing and route of
potential risk to medication to be administered is checked.
the safe 1.2 Issues related to drug and poison administration with the
administration of appropriate personnel were raised.
medications
1.3 Common contraindications and adverse reactions of
prescribed medications are checked for, identified and
referred to the authorized health personnel.
1.4 Client identity for any known allergies is confirmed and
checked.
1.5 Drugs, poisons schedules and classifications are referred
as determined by law.
1.6 Ensure infection prevention and control methods are
applied correctly.
1.7 Pharmacology and substance incompatibilities are
identified in relation to specific situations involving
medication administration.
1.8 Expiry dates of medication prior to administration are
checked.
2. Prepare for 2.1 The process of medication administration to the client is
medication explained and ensured their readiness.
administration 2.2 The client is positioned appropriately prior to the
within the scope administration of medication.
of enrolled nurse
2.3 Administration route for each medication to be
administered is correctly identified using appropriate
terminology.
2.4 The effect of commonly used medications on the body is
considered prior to the medication for administration of
drugs.
2.5 Dosages for administration of drugs are accurately

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calculated.
2.6 Medications are prepared in accordance with legislative
requirements and organization guidelines.
2.7 Medication administration techniques and precautions
specific to each client situation and as per medication
orders. Is applied.
2.8 Ensure medication is stored and disposed of in accordance
with medical instructions and organization policy and
procedures.
3. Administer 3.1 Medications are administered within scope of own role in
medications line with the jurisdictional legislative requirements and
within legal organization policy.
parameters 3.2 Medications are stored in a safe manner according to the
legislative requirements and organizational policy.
3.3 PRN medications are administered within the legislative
requirements and organizational policy.
3.4 Quality management and risk assessment practices
related to the administration of medication are applied.
3.5 Client information and education related to the medication
requirements are provided.
4. Monitor and 4.1 Administration of medications is recorded in accordance
evaluate client’s with the relevant policy and procedures.
response to 4.2 Information is provided to clients and caretakers on
administer medication administration (including possible side effects)
medication in consultation/collaboration with the health care team.
4.3 Client understanding of information provided is evaluated.
4.4 Acute and delayed adverse reactions to medications are
recognized and act upon within role responsibility.
4.5 Emergency actions to address acute and delayed adverse
reactions are implemented within role responsibility.
4.6 Response to emergency strategies is recorded and
reported, where appropriate.
4.7 Client experiencing pain is assessed and managed using
the appropriate medication and non-medication therapies.
4.8 The effectiveness of pain relieving medication is recorded
and reported.
5. Monitor 5.1 The purpose and function of intravenous therapy being
peripheral administered to a client are identified.
intravenous 5.2 Common fluid and electrolyte imbalances are checked,
therapy recorded and reported.
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5.3 Intravenous therapy rates are calculated.
5.4 The risks and complications are recognized and reported
in association with the intravenous therapy.
5.5 Observations in peripheral intravenous therapy are
monitored and documented.
5.6 Nursing care for client with fluid and/or electrolyte
imbalance is provided.
5.7 Action of drugs commonly used in fluid and/or
electrolyte imbalance is monitored through client
responses, record and report.
5.8 Intravenous cannula is secured according to the
organizational policy and procedure.
6. Develop 6.1 Clients to identify signs of pain and/or discomfort are
strategies for observed and questioned.
pain 6.2 The location and nature of pain are clarified by taking into
management account factors which may influence client’s perception of
pain.
6.3 Pain assessment scale is used to ensure the consistency
of interpretation.
6.4 Comprehensive observations are undertaken as required
to assess pain experienced by client.
6.5 A range of medication and complementary strategies
which may assist in alleviation of pain and discomfort are
identified and applied in consultation/collaboration with the
health care personnel.
6.6 The effectiveness is monitored and evaluated using these
strategies in consultation/collaboration with the health care
team.
6.7 Observations and evaluation of pain are recorded.
Variables Range
Health  Residential aged care facility
environments may  Community settings
include:  Hospitals
 Clinics
 Short and long stay centers
 Clients home
Potential risks may  Client identification
include but is  Allergic reactions
not limited to:  Immunization status

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 Medication incompatibilities
 Contraindications for drug administration
 Care of sharps
Medication  Oral
administration  Intranasal (including nebulizer medications)
routes  Topical (including transdermal)
include:  Ocular
 Aural
 Rectal
 Vaginal administration
 Subcutaneous, Intramuscular routes and interadermal routes
 Enteral administration [Percutaneous Gastrostomy (PEG)
Terminologies  Medication
associated with  Administer
medications may  Side effect/adverse reaction/allergic reaction
include:  Anaphylaxis
 Allergy
 Suspension/mixture/syrup/linctus/lozenge
 Ointment/cream/lotion
 Tincture/emulsion
 Tablet/pill
 Transdermal patch
 Nebulizer/aerosol/volumetric spacer
Legal and  State/Territory Nurses Act
regulatory  State/Territory Drugs and Poisons Act
framework  Health (Drugs and Poisons) Regulations
include:  State/Territory Nurse Regulatory Authority codes and
guidelines
 Legal requirements of documentation
Client history may  Pre-existing conditions  Nutritional status
include:  Admission diagnosis  Hydration status
 Allergies  Psychological needs
 Current history  Psychosocial needs
 Current medication  Compliance history
 Behavioral characteristics
Reports can be  Individual client records
verbal or written,  Pain management plans
and may include:  Fluid status management
 Nutritional status management
 Observational documentation
 Medication charts
 Admission and discharge planning
 Referral documentation (allied health team)
 Diagnostic reports/results

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 Clinical progress notes
 Hand-over at end of shift
 Resuscitation documentation
 Medication incident reports
Policies and  Effective hand washing and hand drying techniques
procedures related  Handling of medication
to infection control  Infection prevention and control policies and guidelines
can include:
Relevant client  Medication side effects
information and  Length of treatment
education may  Drug interactions
include:  Consequences of non-compliance
 Anatomical positioning for safe drug administration
 Client controlled analgesia
Factors influencing  Rate of absorption  Dosage form
medication  Distribution  Route of administration
actions may  Metabolism  Improper storage
include:  Drug interactions  Timing of administration
 Binding to plasma proteins  Client age, height, weight
 Excretion  Previous history
Major medication  Anesthetics  Antiseptics
groups include:  Antacids  Antiulcer
 Antianginals  Antiviral
 Antiarrhythmics  Anxiolytics
 Antibiotics  Beta-blockers
 Anticholinergics  Bronchodilators
 Anticoagulants  Contraceptives
 Anticonvulsants  Corticosteroids
 Antidepressants  Diuretics
 Antidiarrhoeals  Electrolyte solutions
 Antiemetic  Hormones
 Antifungal  Hypnotics/sedatives
 Antihistamines  Laxatives/aperients
 Antihypertentives  Narcotic analgesia
 Anti-inflammatory  Narcoleptics
 Antineoplastics  Ophthalmic, otic and nasal
 Antiparkinsonion medications
 Antipruritic  Hypoglycemic
 Antipsychotics  Analgesia
 Vitamins
Methods of storage,  Dry/moist
handling and  Refrigeration
usage of  Away from light/heat
medications may  Separate storage of external use medication from internal
include:  Locked cupboard/trolley
 Narcotics – locked, attached to wall
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 Register for drugs of addiction
 Routine checking of narcotic drugs in storage
 Pharmacist responsibility for containers and labels
 Expiry dates
Administration of  Legible medication order
oral medications  Preparation of medication by person administering
and associated  6 “Rights” of administration
terminology may  Special precautions
include:  Medication checking process
 Documentation of drug administration
Administration of  Needle/syringe size
subcutaneous or  Angle for insertion
intramuscular  Cleansing and insertion
injection may  Vast us laterals muscle
include:  Gluteus maximums muscle
 Ventro-gluteal muscle
 Deltoid muscle
 Z- track
Common fluid and  Water deficit/excess syndromes
electrolyte  Fluid volume imbalance
imbalances may  Electrolyte deficit/excess
include:
Calculation of  Calculation formulae
medication  Use of 1 mL versus 2 mL syringe
dosages  Calculation of oral drug dosages
must include:  Calculations of dosages of liquid medications
 Calculations of dosages of solid medications
 Calculation of dosages of inject able drugs (liquid, solid,unit
dosages)
 Flow rate drops per minute
 Flow rate milliliters per hour
 Pediatric dosage calculations (body weight, surface area,
 age related dose reduction)
 Frail elderly dosage calculations (body weight, surface
area and age)
Drugs commonly  Diuretics
used for fluid  Electrolytes
and/or electrolyte  Replacement solutions
imbalance may  Acidifiers/alkalisers
include:
Common  Ions
terminologies  Intracellular/extracellular
associated  Osmosis/diffusion
with fluid and  Active transport
electrolytes may  Fluid shift
include:  Sodium/potassium chloride
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 Fluid balance (positive/negative)
 Fluid balance chart
 Over hydration (overload)/under hydration (dehydration)
 Edema
 Hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic
 Calcium/phosphate
Policies and  Handling of medication
procedures related  Appropriate use and disposal of Personal Protective
to occupational Equipment (PPE)
health and safety
include:
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to
Competence demonstrate this competency unit include:
nurse
Underpinning Essential knowledge includes:
Knowledge and  Relevant medical/medication terminology and approved
Attitudes medication abbreviations
 Organization policies and procedures, guidelines and
protocols, including workplace health and safety policies to
ensure safe practice e.g. management of sharps
 Ethical guidelines including confidentiality, duty of care and
public safety
 Application of guidelines to individual needs of clients(i.e.
therapeutic interventions, hygiene, dignity, esteem, physical,
cultural and cognitive restrictions)
 Relevant path physiology
 Factors influencing medication actions
 Major medication groups
 Documentation associated with medication administration
 Systems of medication delivery and medication
administration devices (e.g. pumps and syringe drivers)
within the scope of own role
 State/territory legislative requirements relating to medication
administration
 Legal requirements for practice parameters of enrolled nurse
relating to the administration of medications, including legal
requirements of each route of administration
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 Role of the health care team in the administration of
 Methods of storage, handling and usage of medications
 medications
 An awareness of the role of complementary therapies
 An awareness of traditional medicine in the context of health
of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
 Substance incompatibilities, including:
 Anaphylactic reactions
 Adverse reactions
 Contraindications
 Precautions
 Side effects
 An understanding of the pharmacology of medications
including:
 Pharmacodynamics
 Pharmacokinetics
 Pharmacotherapeutics
 Toxicology
 Own role in medical emergency
 Principles of peripheral intravenous therapy.
 People’s perception of pain and principles and strategies to
alleviate pain
Underpinning Skills Essential skills required to demonstrate includes the ability to:
 Use language, literacy and numeracy competence required
for:
 Drug calculation, administration and documentation
 Estimation
 SI abbreviations
 Comparison of metric measurements
 Apply infection control principles – hand washing, handling
of medications, universal precautions
 Use formulae for drug calculation for:
 Adult clients
 Older clients
 Pediatric clients
 Intravenous therapy
 Calculate volumes for administration of medications
 Demonstrate preparation, administration and recording of
medication/s via all routes as per State and Territory
Legislation
 Explain and demonstrate emergency management for a
client experiencing an adverse medication reaction
 Observe and monitor peripheral intravenous therapy

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 Use interpersonal skills including working with others, using
sensitivity when dealing with people and relating to persons
from differing cultural, social and religious Backgrounds
 Demonstrate professional conduct, skills and knowledge
 Use oral communication skills (language competence)
required to fulfill job roles as specified by the organization/
service. Oral communication skills include interviewing
techniques, asking questions, active listening, asking for
clarification, non-judgment attitudes, non-verbal behavior
 State code of conduct and ethics
 MOH national enrolled nurse competency standards
 State/territory Nurse Regulatory Nurses Act
 State/Territory Drugs and Poisons Act
Resource For reasons of safety, access to equipment and resources and
Implications space, assessment takes place away from the workplace,
simulations should be used to represent workplace conditions
as closely as possible
evidence of process
 Portfolio Assessment (e.g. Certificate from training
providers or employers)
knowledge.

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Apply Principles of Wound Management and Assist in
Unit Title
Advanced Procedures
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge and skills required in the
contemporary wound management principles to the care of
patients with varying types of wounds and to assist using the
advanced procedures.

1. Undertake 1.1 Demonstrate the understanding of common ways disease
wound is spread and infection is developed throughout the wound
assessment and assessment and care.
assist using the 1.2 Client cooperation and consent are sought.
advanced
procedures 1.3 Advanced procedures are assisted.
1.4 Client privacy and dignity are maintained.
1.5 Strategies to minimize cross-infection are utilized during
the assessment and implementation.
1.6 Data is recorded in line with the organizational protocols,
guidelines and procedures.
2. Assess the 2.1 Performing a holistic client assessment is assisted.
impact of a 2.2 An understanding of the physiological and biochemical
wound on a processes associated with normal wound healing is applied
patients and/or when assessing a wound.
their family 2.3 Factors which have impact on wound healing and the
psychosocial impact of a wound on the client’s activities of
daily living are considered.
2.4 The common problems and complications of wounds are
taken into account when assessing a wound.
2.5 Health terminologies associated with the wound care are
correctly used.
2.6 The modes of transmission of infection and the development
of infection are discussed with the patient, family or
significant other.
3. Contribute to the 3.1 Primary health care principles and holistic approach were
planning of taken into account when planning care.
appropriate care 3.2 Contemporary assessment tools are accurately used.
for a patient with 3.3 A database of wound care representatives are accessed to
a wound assist in wound care decision making.
3.4 An evidence-based problem solving approach is used to
contribute to the analysis and planning of appropriate wound
care management strategies.
3.5 Contribute to development of an individual wound
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management plan for the patient in
consultation/collaboration with the patient and the health
care team.
3.6 An understanding of the role of the members of the wound
care health team is demonstrated in planning wound care.
3.7 Preventative wound care strategies are discussed with the
patient and/or their family.
3.8 Patient comfort needs (e.g. pain relief) are identified before
undertaking wound care.
3.9 Authorized health care provider is consulted regarding
analgesic administration within an optimal time frame of
procedure if required.
4. Undertake 4.1 Contemporary wound management strategies are applied.
nursing care to 4.2 The client and/or family are educated on wound
implement management strategies in consultation/ collaboration with
wound care the other health team.
strategies 4.3 Client privacy and dignity are maintained throughout all
aspects of the procedure.
4.4 Wound care strategies are implemented by taking into
account the legislation, organizational policies and
procedures.
4.5 Standard precautions in wound management are practiced
to minimize the risk of infection to the client.
4.6 Wound management products and techniques that are
appropriate to the identified phase of wound healing are
utilized; and all resources required are collected for the
procedure in consultation/collaboration with the health care
team.
4.7 Aseptic techniques are followed for clean surgical wound
and clean techniques are used where appropriate.
4.8 Sutures, clips and drains are removed as the status of the
wound/as per the institutional guideline.
4.9 Specimens required for microbiology/cytology are collected
as per the organizational protocol.
4.10 All articles are appropriately disposed of following the
procedure, disposing of hazardous waste appropriately in
line with the organizational policies and procedures.
4.11 Documentations are completed and the client is made
comfortable.
3. Assist in 5.1 The client’s response and progress towards planned wound
evaluating the management goals are monitored.
outcomes of 5.2 Ensure client is involved in the evaluation process.
the nursing 5.3 Assessing the effectiveness of wound management
actions strategies is assisted.
5.4 Assessing the effectiveness of wound products is assisted.
5.5 Wound management strategies, procedures and goals for
the individual client are modified in consultation/collaboration
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with the healthcare personnel.
5.6 Actions are undertaken within a cost effective framework.
5.7 Outcomes are evaluated, documented and communicated to
the appropriate members of the health care team.
5.8 Progress of wound healing and wound care strategy
outcomes is documented using the contemporary wound
management terminology.
5.9 Health education and promotion strategies are identified and
planed in consultation/collaboration with the other health
care team.
4. Apply 6.1 An understanding of the complexity of wounds encountered
contemporary in the clinical environment and pathological processes of
wound wound healing is applied for complex or challenging
management wounds.
strategies to 6.2 Client with a complex or challenging wound within a holistic
the complex or framework is assisted to assess, in
challenging consultation/collaboration with the health care team.
wounds 6.3 Individualized plans of care for the client with a complex or
challenging wound are created and reviewed, in
consultation/collaboration with the health care team.
6.4 Appropriate contemporary wound management strategies
are implemented to manage complex or challenging
wounds.
6.5 The evaluation process of the effectiveness of the planned
care for the client with complex or challenging wounds is
assisted in consultation/collaboration with the registered
nurse.
6.6 A collaborative approach to wound management with
members of the health care team is done with participation.
6.7 Common problems and complications of complex and
challenging wounds are identified.
Variables Range
Advanced  Thoracinthesis
procedures may  Paracinthesis
include  Gastric lavage
 Thracheostomy
 Phlebotomy
 Cut down
Wound Wound debridement
management  Wound specimen collection
techniques  Interpreting laboratory results
include:  Doppler assessment
 Compression therapy
 Wound cleansing techniques
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 Wound measurement
 Clinical photography
 Wound tracing
Selection of wound Range of products
products  Primary dressing products
include:  Secondary dressing products
 Wound cleansing products
Wound Wound management principles
management  Moist wound healing
strategies  Holistic assessment
include:  Individualized wound management plan of care
 Problem solving framework
 Skin assessment
 Risk assessment
 Pressure support and relieving devices
 Prevention programs
 Wound characteristics
 Selection of wound products
Complex or Acute wounds
challenging wounds  Surgical wounds
could include:  Septic wounds
 Burns
Acute and/or Surgical wounds
chronic wounds  Pressure ulcers
include:  Venous ulcers
 Arterial ulcers
 Mixed ulcers
 Discharging wound
 Malignant wounds
 Neuropathic ulceration wounds
 Infected wounds
 Burns
 Fistulas and sinuses
Wound healing Phases of wound healing
include:  Modes of wound healing
 Factors influencing wound healing
 Moist wound healing
 Role of exudates
Principles of Nosocomial infections
infection control:  Causative organisms
 Principles of asepsis
 Hand washing
Wounds caused by Staphylococcus aureus – boils, wound infections
microorganisms  Clostridium – tetanus, gas gangrene, botulism
include:  Proteus – wound infections
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Common fungal  Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
infections  Tinea capitus / corporis (ringworm)
include:
Common viral Herpes simplex I (cold sores)
diseases may  Herpes simplex II (genital herpes)
include:  Herpes zoster
Commonly seen  Diabetic ulcers
wounds as a  Burns
result of  Pressure (decubitus) ulcers
acute/chronic  Tropical ulcers
conditions may  Post surgical
include:  Trauma
Harmful effects of  Skin – pimples, carbuncles, furuncles
microflora  Mouth – gum disease, caries Ears and eyes – otitis extern,
include: conjunctivitis, trachoma
Components of the  Infective agent  Reservoir
chain of  Portal of entry  Susceptible host
infection:  Portal of exit  Mode of transmission
Wound  Nurses  Microbiologists
management team  Medical practitioners  Pharmacists
may function in a  Occupational therapists  Careers
variety of health
care contexts and
may include:
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
Competence specified essential knowledge as well as skills
on more than one occasion and be assessed by authorized
health care provider
Knowledge and  Anatomy and physiology
Attitudes  wound healing process
 Activities of daily living
 Chain of infection - transmission of infection, defenses and
immunity, host factors
 Community resources
 Compliance with current infection control practices and
guidelines
 Confidentiality and privacy
 Documentation principles

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 Educational resources and professional organizations
associated with wound management
 Contemporary wound management strategies
 Infection control principles
 Legal framework for practice
 Medical conditions. e.g. diabetes
 Medication administration principles, as appropriate to
wound care e.g. topical
 Methods of identifying bacteria and common bacterial
diseases
 Microbiology related to:
 Anaerobic organisms
 Gram negative organisms
 Gram positive
 Nosocomial infection
 Organization policy and procedure
 Pharmocodynamics and pharmokinetics
 Workplace health and safety
 Wound management terminology
Underpinning Skills  Apply infection prevention and control principles in a variety
of health environments
 Apply documentation principles – recording and reporting,
abbreviations for medical terms, types of data to be
collected, data collection instruments used in health care
environments
 National code of ethics
 Take into account opportunities to address waste
minimization, environmental responsibility and sustainable
practice issues
 Undertake wound assessment
 Use wound care techniques – asepsis, debridement, packing
a wound, specimen collection, wound cleansing
 Undertake infection control risk assessment in relation to:
 patient
 Others
 Self
 Use communication skills
Resource  This unit is most appropriately assessed in the clinical
Implications workplace but may be undertaken in a simulated clinical
work environment and under the normal range of clinical
environment conditions
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Assessment  Interview/Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Assessment simulated work place setting

Make Referrals to Other Health Care Professionals when
Unit Title
Appropriate
Unit Code HLT CON407 0611
required to arrange referrals to other health care professionals
when required.
1. Formulate a 1.1 The need for referral to other health care

referral plan for professional’s services is determined.
client requiring 1.2 Need for referral is communicated to the client.
further
1.3 The financial aspects of complementary health care are
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treatment considered.
1.4 Referral occurs with permission/consent of client and
within the confidentiality/privacy standards is ensured.
2. Interact with 2.1 Range of complementary health care professionals and
other health services are identified.
care 2.2 Complementary health care professionals and support
professionals services are consulted to determine the most
appropriate source for referral.
2.3 Relate effectively and knowledgeably with other health
care professionals.
3. Arrange a 3.1 Health care professional and/or service are contacted to
referral to an whom clients are to be referred.
appropriate 3.2 Copies of client records are arranged and transferred to
source for the appropriate referral source.
clients with
specific needs 3.3 The client in referral communications are provided with
written referrals.
3.4 Brief the appropriate health professional service is done
on reason for referral.
3.5 Queries regarding the referral are answered.
3.6 Assistance to other health care professionals/services is
provided as required.
3.7 Referrals are recorded in case notes.
Variables Range
Need for referral  Client in need of ongoing support or counseling
may include:  Client with a counseling need beyond the practitioner’s own
level of skill
 Practitioner establishes a supervisory, social or sexual
relationship with client
 Practitioner identifies with client transference or counter-
transference
 Referral to a senior health professional for initial or follow up
pathology
 Referral to senior health professional/health services
because of a/or suspicion of notifiable disease
Other health care  Complementary health therapists
professionals/servic  Dieticians
es may  Doctors
include but are not  Nurses
limited to:  Health care givers
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 Law officers
 Professional counselors or psychologists
 Social or health workers
 Pharmacists
 Laboratory technologists
Complementary  Acupuncturists
health care  Chiropractors
practitioners may  Herbalists
include:  Massage therapists
 More experienced homoeopaths with or without a specialty
 Naturopaths
 Osteopaths
Support services  Domestic violence telephone service
may include:  Life line
 Local child care centre
 Local church groups
 Local welfare centre
 Others
Referral may be by:  Verbal communication
 Written communication
Client records may  A copy of the whole care record
include:  A synopsis of the case record
 Homoeopathic specific information via e.g. Standard Case
Recoding forms, symptom descriptor forms, treatment
evaluation and progress sheets
Briefing may  Conventional written letter
include:  Electronic communication e.g. email
 Verbal communication e.g. telephone or face to face
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competency  Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over
the required range of situations relevant to the workplace
 Assessment of sole practitioners must include a range of
clinical situations and different client groups covering at
minimum, age, culture and gender
 Assessment of sole practitioners must consider their unique
workplace context, including:
 Interaction with others in the broader professional
community as part of the sole practitioner’s workplace
 Scope of practice as detailed in the qualification and
component competency units
 Holistic/integrated assessment including:
 Working within the practice framework
 Performing a health assessment
 Assessing the client

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 Planning treatment
 Providing treatment
Knowledge and  Health care professionals/services locally, nationally, and
Attitude internationally and of their relationship to other professions
and organizations
 Referral procedures
 The paradigms, including fee environments, within which
other professions function
 The profession's special characteristics, historical mileposts,
aspirations and strengths
 The role of other health professionals and support services
 What constitutes a medical emergency or referral
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 Apply referral procedures
 Communicate effectively
 Consult colleagues for special expertise
 Demonstrate appreciation of the relative merits of the
treatment options available in regard to cost, benefit and
efficiency of such procedures
 Formulate referral plans and arrange referrals
 Write referrals, certificates and correspondence
 Write third party and medico legal reports, certificates and
correspondence in the absence of authorized person
4. Resource  Assessment should replicate workplace conditions as far as
Implications possible
 Simulations may be used to represent workplace conditions
as closely as possible
 Where, for reasons of safety, access to equipment and
resources and space, assessment takes place away from the
workplace, simulations should be used to represent
workplace conditions as closely as possible
 Resources essential for assessment include contact
directories
evidence of process
knowledge.
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Unit Title Practice Legal and Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice
required for an enrolled nurse to perform within the legal and
ethical parameters of professional practice, supporting client
rights and meeting duty of care requirements.
1. Perform within 1.1 A clear understanding of legal and regulatory

the legal and acts/guidelines is applied as they have impact on nursing
ethical practice to perform ethical parameters.
parameters of 1.2 The implications of current legislation are addressed as
professional incorporated into nursing practice to perform ethical
nursing practice parameters.
1.3 Codes of ethics, code of conduct and enrolled nursing
competency standards are applied in nursing practice to
perform within the legal and ethical parameters of
professional Nursing practice.
1.4 Function within the scope of jurisdictional enrolled nurse is
practiced to perform within the legal and ethical parameters
of professional Nursing practice.
1.5 Client complaints are handled sensitively in line with the
organizational policies and procedures to understand the
legal framework.
2. Apply an 2.1 An understanding of how the law operates in relation is done
understanding of to the nursing practice with regard to the legal processes,
the legal principle and penalties.
framework 2.2 Concepts of negligence, duty of care and vicarious liability
are applied accurately to the professional practices of an
enrolled nurse.
2.3 A clear understanding of the requirement is applied to obtain
consent to the treatment.
2.4 Principles of restraint are applied appropriately, with the
clear understanding of their intent and use.
2.5 Common legal terms are applied to associate with the
nursing practice with a clear understanding of their meaning
and implications for nursing practice.
2.6 The legal requirements and expectations are applied in
relation to the report writing in nursing practice.
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2.7 Mandatory reporting processes are applied in line with the
jurisdictional requirements to nursing practice.
2.8 Client privacy and confidentiality practices are applied in line
with the legislative requirements and organizational policies
and procedures.
3. Apply ethical 3.1 Ethical practice is demonstrated to all interactions with
concepts to the clients, relatives, careers and colleagues.
clinical practice 3.2 An awareness of contemporary ethical issues is maintained
that may have impact on nursing practice.
3.3 Strategies are developed to implement and resolve ethical
issues within the practice of nursing.
3.4 Responsibility for addressing ethical issues is taken to the
legal requirements in line with their own nursing role.
3.5 All documentation is completed in accordance with the
state/territory legislation and organizational policies and
procedures.
4. Support the 4.1 With legal responsibilities, duty of care is complied in all care
rights, interests activities by interacting with clients, their families and
and needs of careers.
clients and their 4.2 Client rights, interests and decisions are supported to the
families needs of clients and their families.
4.3 The client is encouraged to exercise their rights to make the
informed decisions regarding their care.
4.4 Respect and support are demonstrated for the dignity of
clients and their families.
4.5 For client, family is acted as an advocator in line with the
jurisdictional to the nurse’s scope of practice.
5.Apply open 5.1 An understanding of the principles is done in the processes
disclosure of open disclosure in a health care environment.
processes 5.2 An understanding of the role of open disclosure is done
within own role as an Enrolled Nurse.
5.3 An understanding of the roles of other health care workers
is done in relation to open disclosure.
Variables Range
Occupational  Insure that your own health and hygiene does not pose a
Health and Safety threat to others.
(OHS)  Wear correct personal protective clothing appropriate to basic
nursing care.
 Use correct handling techniques of assessing basic nursing
care.
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standards and guide
Tools and  Table and seats, recording and reporting formats and loge
Equipment books
Types and Sources  Basic nursing care guide line, posters and diagrams, teaching
of Information curriculum, use web site.
Clients may  Child
include:  Adolescent
 Adult
 Older adult
 Professional colleagues
 Visitors
Health practice  Medical clinic
settings may  Acute hospitals
include but is not  Private hospitals
limited to:  Public hospitals
 Rural/remote settings
Legal and  National/state Acts of Parliament with impact on nursing
regulatory practice e.g. Nurses Acts, Mental Health Act, Drugs and
frameworks which Poisons Act/s.
may include  Privacy legislation
 Equal employment legislation
 Occupational health and safety Act/Regulations
 Statutory nurse regulatory authorities regulations
 Freedom of information Act
 Disability Services Act
 Antidiscrimination legislation
 Criminal Acts
Regulatory bodies  Ethiopian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ENMC)
may include:  State or territory nurse regulatory authority
Professional  ENMC code of conduct
standards of  ENMC code of ethics
practice include:  ENMC national enrolled nurse competency standards
 State/territory Nurse Regulatory Nurses Act
 State/territory Nursing and Midwifery Regulatory Authority
standards of practice
 Scope of nursing practice decision making Framework
Management of  Legal documentation
client information  Computerized records
includes:  Freedom of Information legislation
 Privacy Act
 Confidentiality
Common legal  Common law  Assault and battery
terms associated  Statute law  Defendant
with nursing
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practice must  Civil law  Plaintiff
include:  Negligence  Doctrine of precedent
 Duty of care  Legislation
 Vicarious liability  Regulation
 Consent  Harassment
 Restraint  Expert witness
 Confidentiality
Negligence and  Damages  Acts
duty of care  Foresee ability  Reasonable
must include:  Breach of duty of care  Standard
 Omissions
Issues of life and  Refusal and withdrawal of treatment
death may  Power of attorney
Include:  Guardianship
 Living wills and advanced directives
 Not for resuscitation orders
Clients rights in  Access to healthcare
health care may  Confidentiality
include:  Dignity
 Respect
Discussion of  Abortion
ethical issues may  Tissue transplantation
include but not be  Reproductive technology
limited to:  Organ donation
 Euthanasia and assisted suicide
 Restraint
 Open disclosure
 Mandatory reporting
 Quality of life
 Conscientious objection
 Child abuse
 Consent
 Artificially prolonging life
 Refusal of treatment
 Stem cell research
 “Not for resuscitation” orders
 Cultural and religious issues
Documentation and  Legible/date/time and sign (print name)
report  Written in black or blue ink
writing  Approved abbreviations
requirements may  Concise, accurate, relevant, contemporary
include:  Correct spelling and chronological
 Errors — line through not erased, write error and initial
 No spaces between entries
 Objective data not subjective data

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 Confidentiality
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of A person who demonstrates competence in this standard must
Competence be able to provide evidence that they are able to demonstrate
knowledge and skills of:
 Legislation related to nursing practice
 Duty of care.
 Scope of practice of the enrolled nurse
 Legal requirements of nursing documentation
nurse
Underpinning Demonstrate on:
Knowledge and  Knowledge and application of legislation to enrolled nurse
Attitudes practice
 Knowledge of law – sources, types, court system, common
law, statute law, civil law, precedent
 Knowledge of law of torts – negligence, trespass, assault and
battery, types of consent, valid consent, legal and intellectual
capacity, false imprisonment and defamation
 Knowledge of the coroner, including - functions of the
coroner, coronial inquests and giving evidence to the coroner
 Knowledge of contemporary ethical issues – autonomy, non-
malfeasance, beneficence, justice, rights
 A moral decision making model
 Principles of confidentiality and privacy responsibilities
 Application of ethical principles to Enrolled Nurse practice
 Definitions of ethics, bioethics and nursing ethics
 Theoretical concepts informing ethical conduct
Implications  Workplace or fully equipped assessment location with
materials

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evidence of process
knowledge.

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Unit Title Manage Workplace OHS Management System
Unit Descriptor This competency covers the establishment and maintenance of
the OHS system within the area of managerial responsibility, in
order to ensure that the workplace is practicable, safe and
without risks to the health of employees, clients and/or visitors
present.
1. Establish and 1.1 Appropriate participative processes with employees and their
maintain representative are established and maintained in
participative accordance with the relevant OHS legislation, regulations
arrangements and relevant industry standards in consistent with the
for the enterprise’s procedures.
management of 1.2 Issues rose through participation and consultation are dealt
OHS promptly and effectively; and resolved in accordance with
the procedures for issues resolution.
1.3 Information is provided to employees about the outcomes of
participation and consultation in a manner accessible to
employees.
2. Establish and 2.1 Workplace procedures are developed for hazard
maintain identification, assessment and control of risks as well as
procedures for dealing with hazardous events.
identifying 2.2 Identification of all hazards at the planning, design and
hazards, evaluation stages of any changes in the workplace are
assessing and addressed to ensure that new hazards are not created by
controlling risk the proposed changes.
2.3 Procedures are developed and maintained for selection and
implementation of risk control measures in accordance with
the hierarchy of control.
2.4 Inadequacies in the existing risk control measures are
identified in accordance with the hierarchy of control and
provide promptly resources enabling the implementation of
new measures.
3. Establish and 3.1 Training needs are identified.
maintain an OHS 3.2 OHS induction and training program are developed and
induction and maintained to identify and fulfill employee’s OHS training
training programs needs as part of the enterprise general training program.

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3.3 Training management systems are maintained so that
individual employee’s training needs is easily identified,
training attendance monitored and non-attendance followed
up.
3.4 Relevant training experts are coordinated as necessary.
3.5 Outcomes are evaluated to ensure that the training
objectives are met.
4. Establish and 4.1 Systems are established and monitored for keeping OHS
maintain a records to meet regulatory requirements, allow identification
system for OHS of patterns of hazardous incidents, occupational injuries and
records diseases within the area of managerial responsibility.
Variables Range
Legislative  The legislative requirements for OHS vary across different
arrangements may states and the requirements of the particular state should be
be: reflected in the training and assessment process.
 The particular differences related to OHS consultation and
participation and for incident reporting are particularly
relevant to this competency.
Hazard is define  A ‘hazard’ is something with the potential to:
as:  Cause injury or disease to people,
 Damage to property
 Disruption to productivity.
 Hazards arise from:
 Workplace environment;
 Use of equipment;
 Poor work design;
 Inappropriate systems, procedures and/or human
behavior
 Sources of energy such as electricity, hazardous substances,
hot objects and moving equipment are all hazards.
Relevant  Hazard management policies and procedures (these may be
organizational integrated with quality, care or other documents or be
procedures for separated as OHS policies and procedures). Hazard
managing risks management documents include:
include:  Policies and procedures on specific hazards
 Hazard and incident reporting and investigation,
 Workplace inspections,
 Maintenance, etc.
 Communication, consultation and issue resolution procedures
 Human resources management procedures such as
grievance procedures, induction programs, team meetings,
management of performance levels
 Job procedures and work instructions
 Post incident/injury management such as first aid, critical
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incident debriefing, compensation and return to work
 Other related procedures including waste management,
security
Work instructions  Verbal
may be:  Written
 In English
 In a community language
 Provided visually, e.g. video, OHS signs, symbols and other
pictorial presentation, etc.
Designated  Employer
personnel for OHS  Supervisor
referrals may be:  Chairperson of OHS committee
 OHS nominee
 Elected OHS representative/employee representative
 Other personnel with OHS responsibilities
Examples of OHS  Hazards identified
issues which may  Problems encountered in managing risks associated with
be raised by hazard
workers with  Clarification on understanding of OHS policies and
the designated procedures
personnel may  Communication and consultation processes
include:  Follow up to reports and feedback
 Effectiveness of risk controls in place
 Training needs
Examples of  Listening to the ideas and opinions of others in the team
contributions may  Sharing opinions, views, knowledge and skills
include:  Identifying and reporting risks and hazards
 Using equipment according to guidelines and operating
manuals
 Behavior that contributes to a safe working environment
which includes following OHS procedures
Examples of  Regular information sessions (using clear and
participative understandable language) on existing or new OHS issues
arrangements may  Formal and informal OHS meetings
include:  Meetings called by OHS representatives
 Health and safety committees
 Other committees such as consultative planning and
purchasing
 Other means and processes for raising requests and
concerns as well as contributing suggestions and reports to
management
 Documented issue resolution processes
 Easy access to relevant written workplace information
Controlling risks in  Application of the hierarchy of control, namely:
the work  Eliminate the risk
area may include:  Reduce/minimize the risk through
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 Engineering controls
 Administrative controls including training
 Personal protective equipment
OHS information  Relevant State/Regional OHS acts and legislation, codes of
that may need practices and industry standards
to be explained to  Enterprise OHS policies and procedures
co-workers include:
Other related  General duty of care requirements
Commonwealth,  Privacy Act in relation to requirements for:
State and Territory  The maintenance and confidentiality of records of
legislation occupational injury and disease,
and requirements  Provision of information, etc
may include  Relevant requirements of Environmental Protection Authority
Identifying hazards  Hazard and incident reports
and  Workplace inspection in area of responsibility
assessing risk may  Consulting work team members
occur  Housekeeping
through:  Workplace inspections
 Daily informal team consultation and regular formal team
meetings,
 Internal and external audits
 Industry information such as journal, newsletters and
networking
Organizational  Audit and inspection reports
health and  Agendas and minutes of meetings of OHS Committees, work
safety records may group and management meetings
include:  Training records
 Manufacturer's or supplier's information
 Hazardous substances registers
 Plant and equipment maintenance and testing reports
 Workers compensation and rehabilitation records
 First aid/medical records
 Workplace environmental monitoring records
Reports identifying  Face to face
workplace  Phone messages
hazards may be  Notes
verbal or  Memos
written and may  Specially designed report forms
include:
Evidence Guide
Competence  Ability to communicate and consult with work group
 Ability to develop, implement and maintain the organizational
OHS policies and procedures
 Ability to manage a systems approach to OHS
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Underpinning Knowledge and understanding is required of the workplace OHS
Knowledge and system sufficient to establish and maintain a system that has
Attitudes been designed by others. Competence includes sufficient
literacy skills and the ability to:
 Accurately understand and interpret relevant Commonwealth/
State/Territory act and legislation
 Work with risk assessment and/or other technical specialists
in a team environment
 Understand relevant legislation and acts that affect the
operation
 Knowledge of risk control strategies as applied to
 Collect and analyze data from the workplace
 Convey and discuss analysis with relevant personnel and
conduct needs analysis
 Design and convey organizational instructions, procedures
and systems
 Communicate and report verbally and/or in writing with an
aim to encourage continuous improvements
 Coach and mentor
 Solve problems
Underpinning Competence must be demonstrated:
Skills  In recognizing potential situations that require action and then
 In implementing appropriate corrective action as much as
possible to eliminate risk.
Consistent performance should be demonstrated. In particular
look for evidence of:
 Awareness of all relevant workplace procedures including:
 Hazard management policies and procedures
 Workplace consultation
 Job procedures and work instruction
 Procedures for the use of personal protective clothing,
equipment and/or duress alarms.
 Emergency, fire and incident procedures
 Recognition and reporting of workplace hazards
 Implementation of work processes and practices to prevent or
minimize risk
 Application of safe work practices
 Correct use of equipment according to organizational
instructions
 Awareness that OHS issues are regulated by State/Territory
acts, regulations, codes of practice and industry standards
 Communication skills - language competence required to
fulfill job roles in a safe manner and as specified by the
organization/ service.
 Service/organization may require competence in English or
community language, depending on client group
 The ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural
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and ethnic backgrounds and physical and mental abilities
Resources Assessment will require access to:
Implication  Broad guidance from top management
 Workplace health and safety policies and procedures
 Other related policies and procedures
 Relevant legislation and acts
 Duties statements and/or job descriptions
 Appropriate equipment, etc.
 Over an extended period of time, or a suitable method of
gathering evidence of knowledge and understanding over a
range of situations. A bank of scenarios/case studies/what ifs
will be required as well as a bank of questions which will be
used to check the reasoning behind the observable actions
 Within the limitations of employee, client and public safety,
considerations must be given to workers whose literacy skills
are limited and/or who are physically and/or intellectually
disabled in certain sectors of the industry
evidence of process
knowledge.

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Unit Title Deliver and Monitor a Service to Customers
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the skills and knowledge required to identify
customers’ needs, and monitor the services provided to
customers.
1. Identify 1.1 Customer’s needs and expectations are clarified and

customer’s accurately identified using the appropriate interpersonal
needs skills.
1.2 Customer’s needs are assessed for urgency to determine
priorities for service delivery in accordance with the
organizational requirements.
1.3 Customers are provided with information about the
available choices for meeting their needs and assisted in
the selection of preferred options.
1.4 Limitations in addressing customer’s needs are identified,
and appropriate assistance is sought from the designated
individuals.
2. Deliver service 2.1 Service is provided promptly to customers to meet the
to customers identified needs in accordance with the organizational
requirements.
2.2 Appropriate rapport is established and maintained with
customers to ensure the completion of the delivery of a
quality service.
2.3 Customers’ complaints are handled sensitively and
courteously in accordance with the organizational
requirements.
2.4 Customers with special needs are responded to in
accordance with the organizational requirements.
2.5 Available opportunities are identified and used to promote
and enhance services and products to customers.
3. Monitor and 3.1 Customer satisfaction with service delivery is regularly
report on service reviewed using verifiable evidence in accordance with the
delivery organizational requirements.
3.2 Opportunities to enhance the quality of service and
products are identified and pursued within the
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3.3 Procedural aspects of service delivery are monitored for
the effectiveness and suitability of customer’s
requirements.
3.4 Customer feedback is regularly sought and used to
improve the provision of product and services.
3.5 Decisions to modify products or services are incorporated
evidences of the customer’s satisfaction and are within the
3.6 Reports made are clear, detailed and contain
recommendations focused on critical aspects of the service
deliver.
Variables Range
Legislation, codes  Award and enterprise agreements and relevant industrial
and national instruments
standards relevant  Relevant legislation from all levels of government that
to the workplace affects business operation, especially in regard to OHS and
which may include: environmental issues, equal opportunity, industrial relations
and anti-discrimination
 Relevant industry codes of practice
Customers’ needs  Advice or general information
and expectations  Specific information
may relate to:
 Further information
 Making an appointment
 Complaints
 Purchasing organization’s products and services
 Returning organization’s products and services
 Accuracy of information
 Fairness/politeness
 Prices/value
Appropriate  Using appropriate body language
interpersonal skills  Summarizing and paraphrasing to check understanding of
may include: customer’s message
 Providing an opportunity for the customer to confirm their
request
 Seeking feedback from the customer to confirm
understanding of needs
 Questioning to clarify and confirm the customer’s needs
 Listening actively to what the customer is communicating

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Customers can be:  Internal or external
 Other agencies
 Individual members of the organization
 Corporate customers
 Individual members of the public
Organizational  Quality assurances and/or procedures manuals
requirements may  Goals, objectives, plans, systems and processes
include:
 Legal and organizational policy/guidelines and requirements
 OHS policies, procedures and programs
 Anti-discrimination and related policy
 Access and equity principles and practice
 Quality and continuous improvement processes and
standards
 Defined resource parameters
 Who is responsible for products or services
 Pricing and discount policies
 Replacement and refund policy and procedures
 Payment and delivery options
Designated  Supervisor
individuals may  Customers
include:
 Colleagues
 Line management
Customers’  Damaged goods or goods not delivered
complaints may  Administrative errors such as incorrect invoices or prices
include:
 Warehouse or store room errors such as incorrect product
delivered
 Service errors
 Delivery errors
 Product not delivered on time
 Customer satisfaction with service quality
Customers with  Disabilities
special needs  Language
may include:  Beliefs/values
 Religious/spiritual observances
 Gender, age
 Culture
 Age
Opportunities for  Procedures for delivery of goods
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enhancing the  Returns policy
quality of service or  System for recording complaints
product may
include:  Extending timelines
 Packaging procedures
 Update of customer service charter
Verifiable evidence  Customer satisfaction questionnaires
may include:  Audit documentation and reports
 Quality assurance data
 Returned goods
 Lapsed customers
 Service calls
 Complaints
Evidence Guide
Competence  Identifying needs and priorities of customers
 Distinguishing between different levels of customer
satisfaction
 Treating customers with courtesy and respect
 Identifying and complying with organizational requirements
 Responding to and reporting on customer feedback
Underpinning At this level the learner must demonstrate some relevant
Knowledge and theoretical knowledge such as:
Attitudes  The relevant legislation from all levels of government that
affects business operation, especially in regard to OHS and
environmental issues, equal opportunity, industrial relations
and anti-discrimination
 Knowledge of the principles of excellent customer service
 Understanding the organization’s business structure,
products and services
 Understanding the organization’s policy and procedures for
customer service including handling customer complaints
 Knowledge of product and service standards and best
practice models
 Understanding the principles of quality assurance
 Understanding public relations and product promotion
 Consultation methods, techniques and protocols
 Techniques for dealing with customers, including customers
with special needs
Underpinning Skills Essential skills must include:
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 Literacy skills to read and understand a variety of texts;
prepare general information and papers according to target
audience; spell with accuracy; use grammar and punctuation
effectively as an aid to understanding
 Proofreading and editing skills to ensure clarity of meaning
and conformity to organizational requirements, check for
accuracy and consistency of information
 Report writing skills to identify and elaborate on customer
service strategies; assess information for relevance and
accuracy; source additional information as required
 Technology skills including the ability to select and use
technology appropriate to a task
 Problem solving skills to deal with customer enquiries or
complaints
 Ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural and
ethnic backgrounds and physical and mental abilities
Resource The learner and trainer should have access to appropriate
Requirements documentation and resources normally used in the workplace.
evidence of process
knowledge.

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Unit Title Promote Innovation and Change
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the skills and knowledge required to promote
the use and implementation of innovative work practices to the
effective change.
1. Identify and 1.1 Options for change incorporated are the identified
develop improvements to the work practices and procedures.
opportunities to 1.2 Risk factors affecting change are analyzed to identify
improve work potential constraints.
practices
1.3 Change is planned and resourced to promote the
introduction and management of new processes.
1.4 Benefits of change are made clear and consistent with the
1.5 Timeliness and targets for implementation are made
realistic; and support the achievement of change.
2. Lead team to 2.1 Team members are selected to maximize innovative

foster innovative opportunities.
work practices 2.2 Work assignments are organized to facilitate innovative
work skills.
2.3 Team members are provided with guidance and coaching
on innovation in the workplace.
2.4 Models of innovative work practice are provided and
discussed.
3. Facilitate 3.1 Opinions and suggestion on improving work practices are
commitment to encouraged to facilitate participation in the change
the workplace processes.
change 3.2 Goals and objectives of change are communicated clearly
and promptly to the individuals and teams.
3.3 Business technology is used to manage and provide
access to information on progress towards the objectives
of change.
3.4 Mentoring and coaching are provided to support
individuals and groups in the introduction of change.
3.5 Decisions to overcome problem in the implementation of

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change are made in consultation with the designated
individuals and groups.
3.6 Effective relations and communication are maintained with
the clients and stakeholders during the process of change.
4. Monitor and 4.1 Organization’s systems and technology are used to
evaluate change monitor progress towards the objectives.
4.2 Team members are actively encouraged to reflect on team
activities and opportunities for the improvement and
innovation.
4.3 Team activities are evaluated based on the feedback from
team members, management, clients and other interested
people.
4.4 Suggestions for work improvement made by team
members are positively received and acted on where
appropriate.
4.5 Evidence and information on the impact of change that
are accurate and relevant are reported within the
4.6 Recommendations for improving methods or techniques to
manage change are negotiated with the designated
individuals and groups using the appropriate negotiation
skills.
4.7 Systems, records and reporting procedures are maintained
according to the organizational requirements.
4.8 Feedback on individual and group work practices is
collected promptly.
Variables Range
They may use  Award and enterprise agreements and relevant industrial
legislation, codes instruments
and national  Relevant legislation from all levels of government that affects
standards relevant business operation, especially in regard to occupational
to the workplace health and safety and environmental issues, equal
including: opportunity, industrial relations and anti-discrimination
 Relevant industry codes of practice
Change may  Implementation of new work practices and/or services
include:  Organizational restructures
 Introduction of new technology
 Change in work location
 New client base
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 Staffing changes
 Job role changes
 Work priorities
Innovative work  The skills required to come up with and develop new ideas
skills are: or the new use of an old idea. They include:
 Interpretation
 Conceptualization
 Representation
 Reflection
 Evaluation
Organizational  Quality assurances and/or procedures manuals
requirements may  Goals, objectives, plans, systems and processes
be included in:
 Occupational health and safety policies, procedures and
programs
 Business and performance plans
 Anti-discrimination and related policy
 Access and equity principles and practice
 Ethical standards
 Quality and continuous improvement processes and
standards
 Defined resource parameters
 Consultation and communication processes
Risk factors may  Disturbances to workflow
include:  Confusion/loss of confidence
 Cost blow out
 Supplier problems
 Product/service delivery problems
 Time delays
Business  Computer
technology may  Internet/extranet/intranet
include:
 Email
 Software
 Answering machine
 Fax machine
 Telephone
Mentoring and  Providing feedback to another team member
coaching may  Fair and ethical practice
include:  Non-discriminatory processes and activities

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 Respecting the contribution of all participants and giving
credit for achievements
 Presenting and promoting a positive image of the collective
group
 Problem solving
 Providing encouragement
Monitoring progress  Weekly report
may  Monthly report
include:  Consultative groups
 Occupational health and safety
 Union delegates
 Financial departments
 Public profiles
Evidence and  Customer surveys
information may  Employee satisfaction
include:
 Industrial disputes
 Supplier feedback
 Productivity measures
 Cost savings
 Market share data
Negotiation skills  Assertiveness
may include:  Collaboration
 Solution designing
 Confidence building
 Conflict reduction
 Stress management
 Empathizing
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Critical aspects of evidence includes:
Assessment  Analyzing and evaluating problems associated with change
 Developing processes to introduce change
 Establishing plans and schedules to achieve the objectives
of change
 Presenting information on the causes and introduction of the
change
 Communicating priorities, goals and objectives
 Gathering evidence on the effect of change
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Underpinning At this level the learner must demonstrate understanding of a
Knowledge and broad knowledge base incorporating some theoretical concepts:
Attitudes  The relevant legislation from all levels of government that
affects business operation, especially in regard to
Occupational Health and Safety and environmental issues,
equal opportunity, industrial relations and anti-discrimination
 Understanding of common effects of change and innovation
in the workplace
 Understanding of industrial and organizational context of
change
 Understanding of organization’s policies, plans, procedures
and structure
 Knowledge of resources required by the organization’s
operations
 Understanding processes to interpret and apply feedback
 Knowledge of principles and techniques of goal setting and
recording priorities
 Knowledge of the principles of negotiation
Underpinning Skills Essential skills required the candidate to acquire:
 Literacy skills to read and understand a variety of texts;
prepare general information and papers according to target
audience; spell with accuracy; use grammar and punctuation
effectively as an aid to understanding
 Planning skills to schedule work activities for the
implementation of change
 Team work skills for working as a member of a team during
period of changes
 Consultation skills for including stakeholders in the change
process
 Analytical skills for monitoring outcomes of change
 Negotiation skills for dealing with competing objectives
 Estimation skills for identifying resources necessary to
support introduction of change
Resource Resource implications includes:
Requirements
 The learner and trainer should have access to appropriate
documentation and resources normally used in the
workplace
 Consistency of performance in order to achieve consistency
of performance, evidence should be collected over a set
period of time which is sufficient to include dealings with an
appropriate range and variety of situations
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evidence of process
knowledge.

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Contribute to Organizational Effectiveness in the Health
Unit Title
Industry
required to the effective organizational outcomes in the health
industry by practicing and promoting legal and ethical work
practices to protect client’s safety and enhance outcomes for
the organization and its clients in the broader health industry
context.
1. Promote ethical 1.1 Ensure client’s confidentiality is maintained in accordance

work practice with the organizational policy and procedure.
1.2 The rights and responsibilities of clients are respected in
the organization.
1.3 Colleagues/team members are coordinated appropriately to
comply with confidentiality requirements, and client rights
and responsibilities are encouraged and maintained.
1.4 All works that are undertaken reflects and promotes the
understanding of compliance with the principles of duty of
care, legal responsibilities and related organizational
goals and objectives.
2. Contribute to 2.1 It is ensured that work undertaken reflects the role of the
client and organization and the range of services it provides.
organizational 2.2 It is ensured that work undertaken reflects in the nature and
outcomes needs of client groups accessing the services of the
organization.
2.3 Work with an awareness of how the organization’s
operations are financed.
2.4 The roles of other relevant organizations and individuals
that contribute to client’s outcomes are recognized.
2.5 Positive relationships between own organization and
other organizations and individuals that contribute to
client’s outcomes are maintained and encouraged.
3. Contribute to the 3.1 Organizational improvement strategies are highly
organizational contributed by stockholders.
improvements 3.2 Organizational improvement of organizational practice and
performance is done with participation.

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Variables Range
Issues relevant to  Access to appropriate and equitable care
client rights  Personal dignity
and responsibilities  Privacy, confidentiality and consent
may include:  Personal safety and security
 Knowledge of the identity and professional status of
individuals providing services
 Behavior of relatives and friends
 Provision of accurate information
 Keeping appointments
 Complying with instructions
 Respect for the rights of other clients and staff
Legal issues  Privacy of personal health information
relevant to position  Trade Practices Act
and role may  Consent to medical treatment
include:  Duty of care
 Release of medical and other clinical records
 Coroners Act
 Client autonomous right of self-determination
 Industrial relations
The organization's  State, Territory and Federal governments
operations may be  Department of Veterans' Affairs
financed by:  Medicare Plus
 Health funds
 General and workers' compensation insurers
 Church funding sources
 Donations, trusts and bequests
 Client co-payments
 Fees for services provided
 Contract payments
 Episodic, per diem or block grant funding arrangements
Important  Contracts with health funds
relationships with  Contracts with the Department of Veterans' Affairs
other organizations  Relationships between and with general practitioners
and individuals may  and specialists
include:  Allied health professionals
 Contractors/suppliers of goods and services
 Community and church organizations
 Research organizations
 State, territory and federal departments of health
 Local government
 Health Insurance Commission
 Health Care Complaints Commission
 Accreditation bodies
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 Divisions of general practice
 Industrial, employer and professional organizations
 Networks with other hospitals and community services
 Non-government organizations
 Church and charitable organizations
 Police
 Ambulance
 Fire Brigade
 Diagnostic services
 Environmental Protection Agencies
 Referral hospitals
 Referring organizations
Activities, functions Those aiming to improve the performance of the organization in
and strategies areas of finance, operations and service delivery, such as:
contributing to  Customer service initiatives
the organizational  Quality improvement projects
improvement  Environmental surveys
may include:  Efficiency audits
 Public relations and marketing
 OHS programs
 Team development
 Infection control measures
 Human resource and industrial relations projects
 Use of key performance indicators for efficiency and
effectiveness
 Budgeting and variance analysis
 Use of clinical indicators
 Benchmarking
 Process improvements
 Relationship development with external organizations and
service providers
 Involvement in facility and service accreditation
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to
Assessment demonstrate this competency unit:
 Demonstrated application of the legal and ethical issues in
relation to client care, as relevant to the worker's specific role
and responsibilities
 Appreciation of the role of the organization, its relationship to
the community and with other industry organizations, and
ability to communicate this knowledge to team members and
others when appropriate

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 Active involvement in improving the performance of the
organization in line with of the scope of the worker's role and
responsibilities
Underpinning Essential knowledge required includes:
Knowledge and  General knowledge of legal and ethical issues related to
Attitudes client care and client safety
 Specific legal issues related to client care relevant to own and
team roles and responsibilities, including child protection
 Role of the organization and services it provides
 Service profile and catchment area of organization
 Awareness of relevant organization or department structure
and/or any associated agencies
 Awareness of organization policies / procedures related to
own work role
 Awareness of sources of funding and funding mechanisms
relevant to organization in line with own work functions
 Awareness of organization’s budgeting and budget
monitoring processes as they relate to own work functions
 Importance and basic nature of significant organization
relationships with external industry organizations and
individuals
 Performance measures used by the organization for
measuring clinical, operational and financial performance
relevant to worker's role and responsibility
 Elementary quality improvement principles and processes.
Underpinning Skills Essential skills requires includes the ability to:
 Comply with legal requirements specific to worker's role and
responsibilities
 Accurately communicate information to others
 Encourage other team members and promote good practice
 Identify external organizations and other industry participants
of importance to the organization
 Identify the services provided by the organization
 Use key performance indicators relevant to worker's role and
responsibilities
 Participate in accreditation, quality improvement, infection
control, OHS projects, service and process improvements,
public relations, marketing, environmental surveys or
customer service projects and initiatives relevant to role and
responsibilities of the worker
Resource Resources that may be required for assessment include any
Implications documents specific to the work context such as:
 Organization policies and procedures concerning client care
legal issues
 Strategic plan, business plan, directory of services, marketing

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or public relations plan, annual report as appropriate
 Organization policies and procedures concerning funding,
budgeting and use of key performance indicators
 Accreditation guidelines and standards
 Other relevant organization policies and procedures
 Duty statements and/or job descriptions
evidence of process
knowledge.

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Unit Title Migrate to New Technology
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to apply skills and
knowledge in using new or upgraded technology. The rationale
behind this unit emphasizes the importance of constantly
reviewing work processes, skills and techniques in order to
ensure that the quality of the entire business process is
maintained at the highest possible level through the
appropriate application of new technology. To this end, the
person is typically engaged in on-going review and research in
order to discover and apply new technology or techniques to
improve aspects of the organization’s activities.
1. Apply the existing 1.1 Situations are identified where the existing knowledge can
knowledge and be used as the basis for developing new skills.
techniques to 1.2 New or upgraded technology skills are acquired and used
technology and to enhance learning (provision of standard care).
transfer
1.3 New or upgraded equipment is identified, classified and
used where appropriate, for the benefit of the customer as
well as the organization.
2. Apply the 2.1 Testing of new or upgraded equipment is conducted
functions of according to the specification manual.
technology to 2.2 Features of new or upgraded equipment are applied
assist in solving within the organization.
the organizational
problems 2.3 Features and functions of new or upgraded equipment are
used for solving the organizational problems.
2.4 Sources of information are accessed and used by
relating to the new or upgraded equipment.
3. Evaluate new or 3.1 New or upgraded equipment is evaluated for the
upgraded performance, usability and against the OHS standards.
technology 3.2 Environmental considerations are determined from new
performance or upgraded equipment.
3.3 Feedback is sought from users where appropriate.
Variable Range
Environmental May include but is not limited to recycling, safe disposal of
Considerations packaging (e.g. cardboard, polystyrene, paper, plastic) and

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correct disposal of waste materials by an authorized body
Feedback May include surveys, questionnaires, interviews and meetings.
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Competence must confirm the ability to transfer the application
Competence of existing skills and knowledge to new technology
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge and attitudes on:
Knowledge and  Broad awareness of current technology trends and
Attitudes directions in construction industry (e.g.
systems/procedures, services, new developments, new
protocols)
 Knowledge of vendor product directions
 Assess and analyze value chain
 Ability to locate appropriate sources of information
regarding building construction and new technologies
 Current industry products/services, procedures and
techniques with knowledge of general features
 Information gathering techniques
 Research skills for identifying broad features of new
technologies
 Ability to assist in the decision making process
 Literacy skills in regard to interpretation of technical
manuals
 Ability to solve known problems in a variety of situations
and locations
 Evaluate and apply new technology to assist in solving
organizational problems
 General analytical skills in relation to known problems
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
evidence of process
knowledge.

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Unit Title Manage and Maintain Small/Medium Business Operations
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the operation of day-to-day business activities
in a micro or small business. The strategies involve
developing, monitoring and managing work activities and
financial information, developing effective work habits, and
adjusting work schedules as needed.
1. Identify daily 1.1 Work requirements for a given time period are identified
work by taking into consideration resources and constraints.
requirements 1.2 Work activities are prioritized based on the business
needs, requirements and deadlines.
1.3 If appropriate work is allocated to relevant staff or
contractors, it optimizes efficiency.
2. Monitor and 2.1 People, resources and/or equipment are coordinated to
manage work the provide optimum results
2.2 Staff, clients and/or contractors are communicated within
a clear and regular manner, to monitor work in relation to
business goals or timelines.
2.3 Problem solving techniques are applied to the work
situations to overcome difficulties and achieve positive
outcomes.
3. Develop 3.1 Work and personal priorities are identified and a balance
effective work is achieved between competing priorities using the
habits appropriate time management strategies.
3.2 Input from internal and external sources is sought and
used to develop and refine new ideas and approaches.
3.3 Business or inquiries is/are responded promptly and
effectively.
3.4 Information is presented in a format appropriate to the
industry and audience.
4. Interpret 4.1 Relevant documents and reports are identified.
financial
information 4.2 Documents and reports are read and understood in any
implications discussed with the appropriate persons
4.3 Data and numerical calculations is/are analyzed, checked,
evaluated, organized and reconciled.
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4.4 Daily financial records and cash flow are maintained
correctly in accordance with the legal and accounting
requirements.
4.5 Invoices and payments are prepared and distributed in a
timely manner in accordance with the legal requirements.
4.6 Outstanding accounts are collected or followed-up on.
5. Evaluate 5.1 Opportunities for improvements are monitored according
work to the business demands.
performance
5.2 Work schedules are adjusted to incorporate the necessary
modifications to the existing work routines or changing
needs and requirements.
5.3 Proposed changes are clearly communicated and
recorded to aid in future planning and evaluation.
5.4 Relevant codes of practice are used to guide an ethical
approach to the workplace practices and decisions.
Variable Range
Resources may  Staff
include:  Money
 Time
 Equipment
 Space
Business goals may  Sales targets
include:  Budgetary targets
 Team and individual goals
 Production targets
 Reporting deadlines
Problem solving  Gaining additional research and information to make better
techniques may informed decisions
include:  Looking for patterns
 Considering related problems or those from the past and
how they were handled
 Eliminating possibilities
 Identifying and attempting sub-tasks
 Collaborating and asking for advice or help from additional
sources
Time management  Prioritizing and anticipating
strategies may  Short term and long term planning and scheduling
include:  Creating a positive and organized work environment
 Clear timelines and goal setting that is regularly reviewed
and adjusted as necessary
 Breaking large tasks into smaller tasks
 Getting additional support if identified and necessary
Internal and external  Staff and colleagues

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sources may  Management, supervisors, advisors or head office
include:  Relevant professionals such as lawyers, accountants,
management consultants
 professional associations
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of A person must be able to demonstrate:
Competence  Ability to identify daily work requirements and allocate work
appropriately
 Ability to interpret financial documents in accordance with legal
requirements
Underpinning Essential knowledge and attitudes include:
Knowledge and  Federal and Local Government legislative requirements affecting
Attitudes business operations, especially in regard to occupational health
and safety (OH&S), equal employment opportunity (EEO),
industrial relations and anti-discrimination
 Technical or specialist skills relevant to the business operation
 Relevant industry code of practice
 Planning techniques to establish realistic timelines and priorities
 Identification of relevant performance measures
 Quality assurance principles and methods
 Relevant marketing, management, sales and financial concepts
 Methods for monitoring performance and implementing
improvements
 Structured approaches to problem solving, idea management
and time management
Underpinning Skills Essential skills includes:
 Literacy skills to interpret legal requirements, company policies
and procedures and immediate, day-to-day demands
 Communication skills including questioning, clarifying, reporting,
and giving and receiving constructive feedback
 Numeracy skills for performance information, setting targets and
interpreting financial documents and reports
 Technical and analytical skills to interpret business documents,
reports and financial statements and projections
 Problem solving skills to develop contingency plans
 Using computers and software packages to record and manage
data and to produce reports
 Evaluation skills for assessing work and outcomes
 Observation skills for identifying appropriate people, resources
and to monitor work
Resource Implications The following resources should be provided:

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 Access to relevant workplace documentation, financial records,
and equipment
evidence of process
 Portfolio Assessment (e.g. Certificate from training providers or
employers)
correctly interpret and apply the essential underpinning knowledge.
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting. This competence standard could be assessed on
its own or in combination with other competences relevant to the job
function.

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Unit Title Establish Quality Standards
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, attitudes and skills required to
monitor the quality of work; establish quality specifications for work
outcomes; participate in maintaining and improving quality at work,
identify hazards and critical control points in the production of quality
output, assist in the planning of quality assurance procedures, report
problems that affect quality and implement quality assurance
procedures.
1. Establish quality 1.1 Market specifications are sourced and legislated by the
specifications for requirements identified.
the service
1.2 Quality specifications are developed and agreed upon.
1.3 Quality specifications are documented and introduced to the
organizational staff / personnel in accordance with the
organizational policy.
1.4 Quality specifications are updated when necessary.
2. Identify hazards 2.1 Critical control points impacting on quality are identified.
and critical control
points
2.2 Degree of risk for each hazard is determined.
2.3 Necessary documentation is accomplished in accordance with
the organizational quality procedures.
3. Assist in the 3.1 Procedures for each identified control point are developed to
planning of quality ensure optimum quality.
assurance
procedures
3.2 Hazards and risks are minimized through the application of
appropriate controls methods.
3.3 Processes to monitor the effectiveness of quality assurance
procedures are developed.
4. Implement quality 4.1 Responsibilities for carrying out procedures are allocated to the
assurance staff and contractors.
procedures
4.2 Instructions are prepared in accordance with the enterprise’s
quality assurance program.
4.3 Staff and contractors are given induction training on the quality
assurance policy.
4.4 Staff and contractors are given in-service training relevant to
their allocated procedures.

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5. Monitor the quality 5.1 Quality requirements are identified.
of work outcomes
5.2 Inputs are inspected to confirm the capability to meet quality
requirements.
5.3 Work is conducted to produce the required outcomes.
5.4 Work processes are monitored to confirm quality of output
and/or service.
5.5 Processes are adjusted to maintain outputs within specification.
6. Participate in 6.1 Work area, materials, processes and product are routinely
maintaining and monitored to ensure compliance with quality requirements.
improving quality
at work
6.2 Non-conformance in inputs, process, product and/or service are
identified and reported according to the workplace reporting
requirements.
6.3 Corrective action is taken within the level of responsibility, to
maintain the quality standards.
6.4 Quality issues are raised with the designated personnel.
7. Report problems 7.1 Potential or existing quality problems are recognized.
that affect quality
7.2 Instances of variation in quality from specifications or work
instructions are identified.
7.3 Variation and potential problems are reported to
supervisor/manager according to the enterprise guidelines.
Variable Range
Sourced  End-users
 Customers or stakeholders
Legislated  Verification of service quality as part of consumer legislation or
requirements specific legislation related to service content or composition.
Safety procedures  Use of tools and equipment for construction works
 Workplace environment and handling of material safety,
 Following occupational health and safety procedures designated
for the task
 Respect the policies, regulations, legislations, rule and
procedures for construction works
Evidence Guide

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Critical Aspect of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence  Monitored quality of work
 Established quality specifications for service
 Participated in maintaining and improving quality at work
 Identified hazards and critical control points in the production of
quality service
 Assisted in planning of quality assurance procedures
 Reported problems that affect quality
 Implemented quality assurance procedures
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:

Knowledge and  Monitoring quality of work
Attitudes  Establishing quality specifications for product
 Participating in maintaining and improving quality at work
 Identifying hazards and critical control points in the production of
quality product
 Assisting in planning of quality assurance procedures
 Reporting problems that affect quality
 Implementing quality assurance procedures
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills in:
 Monitoring quality of work
 Establishing quality specifications for service
 Participating in maintaining and improving quality at work
 Identifying hazards and critical control points in the production of
quality service
 Assisting in planning of quality assurance procedures
 Reporting problems that affect quality
 Implementing quality assurance procedures
Resource Implications The following resources must be provided:
 Workplace or fully equipped environment with necessary tools
and equipment as well as consumable materials
evidence of process
correctly interpret and apply the essential underpinning knowledge.
function.

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Unit Title Develop Individuals and Teams
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to
determine individual and team development needs, and facilitate the
development of the workgroup.
1. Provide team 1.1 Learning and development needs are systematically identified
leadership and implemented in line with the organizational requirements.
1.2 Learning plan to meet individual and group training
developmental needs is collaboratively developed and
implemented.
1.3 Individuals are encouraged to self evaluate performance and
identify areas for improvement.
1.4 Feedback on performance of team members is collected from
relevant sources and compared with the established team
learning process.
2. Foster individual 2.1 Learning and development program goals and objectives are
and identified to match the specific knowledge and skills
organizational requirements of competence standards.
growth 2.2 Learning delivery methods are done appropriate to the
learning goals, the learning style of participants and availability
of equipment and resources.
2.3 Workplace learning opportunities and coaching/ mentoring
assistance are provided to facilitate individual and team
achievement of competencies.
2.4 Resources and timelines required for learning activities are
identified and approved in accordance with the organizational
requirements.
3. Monitor and 3.1 Feedback from individuals or teams is used to identify and
evaluate implement improvements in the future learning arrangements.
workplace 3.2 Outcomes and performance of individuals/teams are assessed
learning and recorded to determine the effectiveness of development
programs and the extent of additional support
3.3 Modifications to learning plans are negotiated to improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of learning
3.4 Records and reports of competence are maintained within
organizational requirement.
4. Develop team 4.1 Open communication processes to obtain and share information
commitment and are used by team.
cooperation 4.2 Decisions are reached by the team in accordance with its
agreed roles and responsibilities.

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4.3 Mutual concern and camaraderie are developed in the team.
5. Facilitate the 5.1 Team members are actively participated in team activities and
accomplishment communication processes.
of organizational 5.2 Individual and joint responsibility for their actions is developed
goals by teams’ members.
5.3 Collaborative efforts are sustained to attain the organizational
goals.
Variable Range
Learning and  Coaching, monitoring and/or supervision
development needs  Formal/informal learning program
 Internal/external training provision
 Work experience/exchange/opportunities
 Personal study and Career planning/development
 Performance evaluation
 Workplace skills assessment
 Recognition of prior learning
Organizational  Quality assurance and/or procedures manuals
requirements  Goals, objectives, plans, systems and processes
 Safety policies, procedures and programs
 Confidentiality and security requirements
 Business and performance plans
 Ethical standards
 Quality and continuous improvement processes and standards
Feedback on  Formal/informal performance evaluation
performance  Obtaining feedback from supervisors and colleagues
 Obtaining feedback from clients
 Personal and reflective behavior strategies
 Routine and organizational methods for monitoring service
delivery
Learning delivery  On the job coaching or monitoring
methods  Problem solving
 Presentation/demonstration
 Formal course participation
 Work experience
 Involvement in professional networks
 Conference and seminar attendance
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence  Identified and implemented learning opportunities for others
 Gave and received feedback constructively
 Facilitated participation of individuals in the work of the team
 Negotiated learning plans to improve the effectiveness of learning
 Prepared learning plans to match skill needs

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 Accessed and designated learning opportunities
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge and attitude on:
Knowledge and  Coaching and monitoring principles
Attitude  Understanding how to work effectively with team members who
have diverse work styles, aspirations, cultures and perspective
 Understanding how to facilitate team development and
improvement
 Understanding methods and techniques to obtain and interpreting
feedback
 Understanding methods for identifying and prioritizing personal
development opportunities and options
 Knowledge of career paths and competence standards in the
industry
 Ability to read and understand a variety of texts, prepare general
information and documents according to target audience; spell
with accuracy; use grammar and punctuation effective
relationships and conflict management
 Communication skills including receiving feedback and reporting,
maintaining effective relationships and conflict management
 Planning skills to organize required resources and equipment to
meet learning needs
 Coaching and mentoring skills to provide support to colleagues
 Reporting skills to organize information; assess information for
relevance and accuracy; identify and elaborate on learning
outcomes
 Facilitation skills to conduct small group training sessions
 Ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural, physical
and mental backgrounds
Resource Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated environment
Implications where assessment can take place
 Project-related conditions (real or simulated) and require evidence
of process
Assessment methods must confirm the ability to access and correctly
interpret and apply the essential underpinning knowledge
function.

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Unit Title Manage Continuous Improvement System
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to sustain and develop an environment in
which continuous improvement, innovation and learning are
promoted and rewarded.
1. Review 1.1 Establish strategies to monitor and evaluate performance

programs, of key systems and processes
systems and 1.2 Undertake detailed analyses of supply chains, operational
processes and product/service delivery systems
1.3 Identify performance measures, and assessment tools
and techniques, and evaluate their effectiveness
1.4 Analyze performance reports and variance from plans for
all key result areas of the organization
1.5 Identify and analyze changing trends and opportunities
relevant to the organization
1.6 Seek advice from specialists, where appropriate, to
identify technology and electronic commerce opportunities
2. Develop options 2.1 Brief groups on performance improvement strategies and
for continuous innovation as an essential element of competition
improvement 2.2 Foster creative climate and organizational learning
through the promotion of interaction within and between
work groups
2.3 Encourage, test and recognize new ideas and
entrepreneurial behavior where successful
2.4 Accept failure of an idea during trialing, and recognize,
celebrate and embed success into systems
2.5 Undertake risk management and cost benefit analyses
for each option/idea approved for trial
2.6 Approve innovations through agreed organizational
processes
3. Implement 3.1 Promote continuous improvement as an essential part of
innovative doing business
processes 3.2 Address impact of change and consequences for people,
and implement transition plans

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3.3 Ensure objectives, timeframes, measures and
communication plans are in place to manage
implementation
3.4 Implement contingency plans in the event of non-
performance
3.5 Follow-up failure by prompt investigation and analysis of
causes
3.6 Manage emerging challenges and opportunities effectively
3.7 Evaluate continuous improvement systems and processes
regularly
3.8 Communicate costs and benefits of innovations and
improvements to all relevant groups and individuals
Variable Range
Sustainability may  addressing environmental and resource sustainability
include: initiatives, such as environmental management systems,
action plans, green office programs, surveys and audits
 applying the waste management hierarchy in the workplace
 complying with regulations and corporate social
responsibility considerations for sustainability to enhance
the organisation's standing in business and community
environments
 determining organisation's most appropriate waste
treatment, including waste to landfill, recycling, re-use,
recoverable resources and wastewater treatment
 implementing ecological footprint
 implementing environmental management systems, e.g.
ISO 14001:1996 Environmental management systems life
cycle analyses
 implementing government initiatives,
 improving resource and energy efficiency
 initiating and maintaining appropriate organisational
procedures for operational energy consumption
 introducing a green office program - a cultural change
program
 introducing green purchasing
 introducing national and international reporting initiatives,
 introducing product stewardship
 reducing emissions of greenhouse gases
 reducing use of non-renewable resources
 referencing standards, guidelines and approaches, such as
sustainability covenants and compacts or triple bottom line
reporting
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 supporting sustainable supply chain.
Supply chains  network of facilities that procures raw materials, transforms
include: them into intermediate products or services and then
finished goods or service, and delivers them through a
distribution system
 procurement, production and distribution, viewed as
interlinked not as discrete elements
Performance  budget or cost variance
reports may  customer service
include:  environmental
 financial
 OHS
 quality
 other operating parameters
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Evidence of the following is essential:
Competence  demonostration of consultation processes to introduce or
evaluate an existing continuous improvement process or
system, including suggested actions or an action plan
 generation of an idea or concept which exhibits creative
thinking and which offers the possibility of advantaging the
organization
 how the concept or idea was introduced, tested and
evaluated - the idea or concept does not have to have been
shown to work or to be adopted by the business
 knowledge of quality management and continuous
improvement theories
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  quality management and continuous improvement theories
Attitudes  creativity/innovation theories/concepts
 risk management
 cost-benefit analysis methods
 creativity and innovation theories and concepts
 organizational learning principles
 quality management and continuous improvement theories
 risk management
 sustainability practices
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills to:
 analytical skills to identify improvement opportunities in
relation to
 the services/products delivered or concepts/ideas
developed
 flexibility and creativity skills to think laterally
 leadership skills to foster a commitment to quality and an
Page 88 of 92
openness to innovation
 teamwork and leadership skills to foster a commitment to
quality and an openness to innovation
Resources Access may be required to:
Implication  workplace procedures and plans relevant to work area
 appropriate documentation and resources normally used in
the workplace
Methods of Competence in this unit may be assessed by using a
Assessment combination of the following to generate evidence:
 demonstration in the workplace
 suitable simulation
 oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of
principles and techniques associated with change
management
 evaluation of strategies established to monitor and evaluate
performance of key systems and processes
 review of briefing of groups on performance improvement
strategies and innovation
Those aspects of competence dealing with improvement
processes could be assessed by the use of suitable
simulations and/or a pilot plant and/or a range of case studies
and scenarios.
In all cases, practical assessment should be supported by
questions to assess essential knowledge and those aspects of
competence which are difficult to assess directly.
Assessment simulated workplace setting / environment.

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Sector: Health
Sub-Sector: Nursing Care
Psychiatric OR ICU Nursing Ophthalmic Anesthetic Geriatric Pediatric Neonatal Midwifer

Level V Nursing Nursing Nursing Service Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing y Service
Mgt Mgt
Level IV Comprehensive Nursing Midwifery
Level III Nursing Assistance
Level II Health Care Giving

Page 90 of 92
Acknowledgement
We wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many representatives of business,
industry, academe and government agencies who donated their time and expertise
to the development of this occupational standard.
We would like also to express our appreciation to the Experts of Ministry of Health,
Ministry of Education (MoE) and Engineering Capacity Building Program (ecbp) who
made the development of this occupational standard possible.
This occupational standard was developed on June 2011 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Page 91 of 92

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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Ethiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its TVET-System. Within the

A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a

The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

HLT CON4 04 0611 HLT CON4 05 0611 HLT CON4 06 0611

HLT CON4 07 0611 HLT CON4 08 0611 HLT CON4 09 0611

HLT CON4 10 0611 HLT CON4 11 0611 HLT CON4 12 0611

HLT CON4 13 0611 HLT CON4 14 0611 HLT CON4 15 0611

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Element Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Occupational Standard: Comprehensive Nursing Level IV

Element Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Element Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Element Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Occupational Standard: Comprehensive Nursing Level IV

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Formulate a 1.1 The need for referral to other health care

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Perform within 1.1 A clear understanding of legal and regulatory

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Element Performance Criteria

1. Identify 1.1 Customer’s needs and expectations are clarified and

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Element Performance Criteria

2. Lead team to 2.1 Team members are selected to maximize innovative

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1

Element Performance Criteria

1. Promote ethical 1.1 Ensure client’s confidentiality is maintained in accordance

Ministry of Education Comprehensive Nursing Version 1