Buyers Guide PDF

Live Tank Circuit Breakers
Buyer´s Guide
Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter-Page
Products Introduction A-2
Explanations B-1
Puffer, Auto-PufferTM C-1
Design Features and Advantages:

LTB Circuit Breaker Family D-1
HPL Circuit Breaker Family E-1
BLK Operating Mechanism F-1

BLG Operating Mechanism G-1
FSA1 Operating Mechanism H-1
MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism I-1
Technical Technical Catalogues:

Information LTB Circuit Breaker Family J-1
HPL Circuit Breaker Family K-1
BLK Operating Mechanism L-1

BLG Operating Mechanism M-1
FSA1 Operating Mechanism N-1
MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism O-1
Optional for Special Applications:

Composite Insulators P-1
Controlled Switching Q-1
Monitoring R-1
Seismic Withstand Capability S-1
Quality Control and Testing T-1
Inquiry Data U-1
A-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Introduction
Exceeding Customer Expectations —

ABB Live Tank Circuit Breakers
ABB has over a century of experience cation of our products have resulted
in developing, testing and manufac- in; 550 kV circuit breakers without
turing high voltage circuit breakers. grading capacitors; the Motor Drive
Through the years, our circuit breakers with a servo motor system that accu-
have acquired a reputation for high rately controls and monitors the con-
reliability and long life in all climates tact operation and the LTB D circuit
and in all parts of the world. breakers with FSA1 that provide fast
ABB is currently introducing the and simple installation at site.
future technology for high voltage Our development program is
circuit breakers. Our design work with strongly focused on providing added
constant improvements and simplifi- value for our customers
Product range Type Maximum Maximum Maximum

rated rated rated
voltage current breaking
current
(kV) (A) (kA)
LTB D1/B 170 3150 40

Circuit Breaker type LTB
SF6 Auto-Puffer™ interrupter design LTB E1 245 4000 50
Spring or Motor Drive operating LTB E2 550 4000 50
mechanism(s)
LTB E4 800 4000 50
HPL B1 300 4000 63
Circuit Breaker type HPL
SF6 puffer interrupter design HPL B2 550 4000 63
Spring operating mechanism(s)
HPL B4 800 4000 63
Controlled Switching Switchsync™
Condition Monitoring OLM2
Other data and/or special applications not covered in this Buyer’s Guide will be quoted on request.
For information on Configurable Switchgear Solutions with LTB and HPL SF6 Circuit Breakers –
(i.e. Withdrawable Circuit Breakers, Disconnecting Circuit Breakers and Line Entrance Modules),
please see separate brochures.
See specially Buyer’s and Application Guide, Compact air insulated HV switchgear solutions with
Disconnecting Circuit Breaker. Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 23-03en.
Further information about controlled switching applications and Switchsync™ controllers is found in
Controlled Switching, Buyer’s Guide/Application Guide. Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 22-01en.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 A-2

Explanations
Explanations
General
Standard/Customer There are international and national standards, as well as customer specifications. ABB can
specification meet most requirements, as long as we are aware of them.
IEC or ANSI (ANSI/IEEE) are the most common standards. In case of doubt, please enclose
a copy of specification with the enquiry.
Tests Type tests (design tests) and routine tests (production tests) are required by standards.
Type tests
Type tests are performed only once on one representative test object in accordance with
applicable standards and are not repeated without extra charge. The purpose of the type
tests is to verify the ratings of the design.
Routine tests
Routine tests are performed on each circuit breaker before delivery in accordance with appli-
cable standards. The purpose of the routine tests is to verify the assembly and the function
on every individual circuit breaker. Routine test certificates are sent to the user with each
delivery.
Extended routine tests exceeding requirements by standards will be charged extra.
Please see special chapter page T-1, Quality Control and Testing.
Rated voltage The rated voltage is the maximum voltage (phase-phase), expressed in kV rms, of the
system for which the equipment is intended.
It is also known as maximum system voltage.
Rated insulation level The combination of voltage values which characterizes the insulation of a circuit breaker with
regard to its capability to withstand dielectric stresses.
The rated value given is valid for altitudes ≤1000 m above sea level. A correction factor is
introduced for higher altitudes.
The definition “Across isolating distance” is only applicable for disconnectors and discon-
necting circuit breakers.
Rated LIWL The lightning impulse test is performed with a standardized wave shape 1.2/50 µs for simu-
lation of lightning over-voltage.
The rated Lightning Impulse Withstand Level (LIWL) indicates the required withstand level
phase-to-earth (phase-to-ground), between phases and across open contacts. The value is
expressed in kV as a peak value.
For voltages ≥300 kV two values are stated by IEC, a LIWL voltage on one of the main ter-
minals and power frequency voltage on the other.
Example 420 kV: 1425 (+240) kV.
Alternatively a LIWL pulse with the sum of the two voltages (1665 kV) can be applied on one
terminal, while the other is grounded.
BIL (Basic Insulating Level) is an old expression but means the same as LIWL.
Rated Full Wave is often used in older ANSI/IEEE standards but means the same as LIWL.
Rated This test is to show that the apparatus can withstand the power frequency over-voltages
Power Frequency that can occur.
Withstand Voltage
The Rated Power Frequency Withstand voltage indicates the required withstand voltage
expressed in kV rms.
Rated SIWL For voltages ≥300 kV the power-frequency voltage test is partly replaced by the switching
impulse test. The wave shape 250/2500 µs simulates switching over-voltage.
The rated Switching Impulse Withstand Level (SIWL) indicates the required withstand level
expressed in kV as a peak value. The switching impulse is required only for voltages ≥300
kV. Two values are stated by IEC, a SIWL voltage on one of the main terminals and power
frequency voltage on the other.
Example 420 kV: 900 (+345) kV.
Alternatively a SIWL pulse with the sum of the two voltages (1245 kV) can be applied on one
terminal, while the other is grounded.
B-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Explanations
General
Rated Chopped Wave The rated chopped wave impulse withstand level at 2 μs and 3 μs respectively,
Impulse Withstand indicates the required withstand level phase-to-earth (phase-to-ground) and
voltage Phase-to-earth across open contacts.
and Across open gap
The chopped wave impulse is only referred to in ANSI/IEEE standards and
hence, not applicable for IEC.
Rated frequency The rated (power) frequency is the nominal frequency of the system expressed
in Hz, which the circuit breaker is designed to operate in.
Standard frequencies are 50 Hz and 60 Hz.
Other frequencies, such as 16 2/3 Hz and 25 Hz might be applicable for some

railway applications.
Rated normal current The rated normal current (sometimes referred to as rated current, nominal
current or rated continuous current) is the maximum continuous current the
equipment is allowed to carry.
The current is expressed in A rms.
The rated normal current is based on a maximum ambient temperature of +40 °C.
At higher temperatures derating of the normal current might be necessary.
Rated short-time The rated short-time withstand current is the maximum current (expressed
withstand current in kA rms) which the equipment shall be able to carry in closed position for a
specified time duration. The rated short-time withstand current is equal to the
rated short-circuit breaking current.
Standard values for duration are 1 or 3 s.

Rated peak withstand The peak withstand current is the peak value of the first major loop (expressed
current in kA) during a short-time withstand current that the equipment shall be able to
carry.
The peak value is related to the rms value, frequency and time constant (τ).
Specified values are:
- 2.5 x rated short-time withstand current at 50 Hz at τ = 45 ms
- 2.7 x rated short-time withstand current at 50/60 Hz at τ > 45 ms
Rated short-circuit The rated short-circuit (breaking) current is the maximum symmetrical short-
breaking current circuit current in kA rms, which a circuit breaker shall be capable of breaking.
Two values are related to the rated short-circuit current:

- the rms value of the AC component
- the percentage DC component (depending on the minimum opening time of
the circuit breaker and the time constant τ)
Rated short-circuit The rated short-circuit making current is the maximum peak current the circuit
making current breaker shall be able to close and latch against. This is also referred to in
ANSI/IEEE as closing and latching capability.
Rated short-circuit making current is equal to Rated peak withstand current.
The peak value is related to the rms value of the rated short-circuit breaking
current, frequency and time constant (τ). Specified values are:
- 2.7 x rated short-time withstand current at 50/60 Hz at τ > 45 ms
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 B-2

Explanations
Explanations
System and Switching Conditions
Earthing of the The earthing of the network may vary with region and rated voltage.
network
For higher rated voltages, networks tend to have effectively earthed network. For
lower rated voltages, networks usually have non-effectively earthed neutral (isolated or
resonant earthed).
The type of earthing is an important parameter for defining the transient recovery voltage.
First-pole-to-clear- The first-pole-to-clear-factor (kpp) is depending on the earthing of the network. The
factor first-pole-to-clear-factor is used for calculating the transient recovery voltage for three-
phase faults.
In general the following cases apply:

- kpp = 1.3 corresponds to three-phase faults in systems with an effectively earthed neutral.
- kpp = 1.5 corresponds to three-phase faults in isolated systems or resonant earthed
systems.
- kpp = 1.0 corresponds to special cases, e.g. two-phase railway systems.
A special case is when there is a three-phase fault without involving earth. This case
corresponds to kpp = 1.5. This case is covered by the ANSI/IEEE standards.
Rated Transient The rated transient recovery voltage (TRV) is the peak transient voltage (expressed in
Recovery Voltage kV) that corresponds to the first-pole-to-clear when interrupting a three-phase fault at
rated short-circuit current.
The rated transient recovery voltage (uc) is calculated as follows (based on IEC):
Where:
Ur = Rated voltage (kV)
kpp = first-pole-to-clear-factor
kaf = Amplitude factor (According to IEC: 1.4 at 100% short-circuit current)
Example:
At 145 kV with kpp = 1.5 the rated transient recovery voltage will be 249 kV
Rated out-of-phase The rated out-of-phase breaking current is the maximum out-of-phase breaking
making and breaking current the circuit breaker shall be capable of breaking.
current The standard value of the rated out-of-phase breaking current is 25% of the rated
short-circuit breaking current.
Out-of-phase The power frequency recovery voltage (rms) for out-of-phase conditions can be calcu-
lated as:
The corresponding transient recovery voltage (uc) can be calculated as:
Where:
Ur = Rated voltage (kV)
kpp = first-pole-to-clear-factor (out-of-phase) or out-of-phase voltage factor
kaf = Amplitude factor (According to IEC: 1.25)
Example:
At 245 kV with kpp = 2.0, the out-of-phase transient recovery voltage will be 500 kV
Standardized values for the out-of-phase voltage factors are:

- 2.0 for systems with effectively earthed neutral
- 2.5 for systems with non-effectively earthed neutral
The applied voltage before making is not affected by the earthing of the system. The
maximum applied voltage during out-of-phase conditions is always 2.0 times the
single-phase voltage.

Explanations

Rated surge impedance When a short-circuit occurs on an overhead line not far from a circuit breaker, travel-
and other short-line ing waves will generate a very steep first part of the transient recovery voltage. The
fault characteristics Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltage, RRRV is depending on the short-circuit current and
the surge impedance.
The surge impedance may vary depending on e.g. type of conductors.

In standards (IEC and ANSI/IEEE), the surge impedance has been standardized to a
value of 450 Ω.
Other characteristics for the short-line fault are the peak factor and the RRRV factor.
These have been standardized to the following values:
Peak factor: 1.6

RRRV factor: 0.2 (kV/μs)/kA for 50 Hz
0.24 (kV/μs)/kA for 60 Hz
Capacitive voltage The capacitive voltage factor is used for defining the single-phase recovery voltage for
factor different capacitive switching applications. The factor is depending on the following:
Application
- no-load line switching
- no-load cable switching
- capacitor bank switching
Earthing of the network

- earthed neutral
- non-effectively earthed neutral (isolated or resonant earthed)
Standard values for capacitive voltage factors for normal service conditions are as
follows:
No-load line switching:

- 1.2 (effectively earthed neutral)
- 1.4 (non-effectively earthed neutral)
No-load cable switching:

- 1.0 (screened cables in systems with solidly earthed neutral)
- 1.2 (belted cables in systems with effectively earthed neutral)
- 1.4 (in systems with non-effectively earthed neutral)
Capacitor bank switching:

- 1.0 (capacitor bank with earthed neutral in systems with solidly earthed neutral)
- 1.4 (capacitor bank with isolated neutral)
When different capacitive voltage factors apply from different applications, the highest
value should be referred to.
The voltage factor can be used to calculate the single-phase recovery voltage peak:
Where:
Ur = Rated voltage
kc = capacitive voltage factor
Example:
What is the peak recovery voltage for a 245 kV breaker when switching a no-load line
with earthed neutral?
The voltage factor is 1.2 due to earthed neutral system.
The peak recovery voltage is:

Explanations
Explanations
Capacitive switching There are two different capacitive switching classes:
class
Class C1: Circuit breaker with low probability of restrike during capacitive switching.
Class C2: Circuit breaker with very low probability of restrike during capacitive switching.
A circuit breaker intended for Class C2 can of course also be used for Class C1.
Rated capacitive The rated capacitive inrush current (peak value) is only applicable for circuit breakers
inrush current and intended for switching of (mainly back-to-back) capacitor banks.
inrush frequency
The inrush current is characterized by a very high inrush current and inrush frequency.
Values may vary due to different configurations of capacitor banks, current limiting
inductance etc.
Standardized value of inrush current is 20 kA (peak value) and with an inrush current
frequency of 4.25 kHz.
Time constant The time constant of the system is equal to the ratio between inductance and resistance
in the network (L/R) and is expressed in ms. Standard value is 45 ms. The time constant
will affect the required DC component.
There is a relationship between the time constant and the X/R-ratio.
If a required X/R-ratio has been given, the time constant in ms can easily be calculated
by dividing the X/R-ratio with (2 x π x f), where f is the rated frequency.
Example:
X/R = 14 corresponds to a time constant of 45 ms at 50 Hz
X/R = 17 corresponds to a time constant of 45 ms at 60 Hz

Explanations
Ambient Conditions
Minimum ambient The minimum ambient (air) temperature specifies the lowest temperature at which the
temperature circuit breaker shall be able to operate, at specified ratings.
Important standard values are -30 °C and -40 °C
The minimum ambient temperature affects the choice of gas pressure and/or gas mixture.
Maximum ambient The maximum ambient (air) temperature specifies the highest temperature at which the
temperature circuit breaker shall be able to operate, at specified ratings.
The maximum ambient temperature can affect the continuous current carrying capability.
Standard value is +40 °C.

Altitude If height above sea level (a.s.l.) >1000 m the external dielectric strength is reduced due to
lower density of air. Correction factor according to standard has to be used for external
insulation. (IEC 62271-1)
Creepage distance The creepage distance is defined as the shortest distance along the surface of an insulator
between two conductive parts.
The required creepage distance is specified by the user in:
- mm (total creepage distance)
- mm/kV (creepage distance in relation to the phase to ground voltage).
NOTE!
Creepage distance voltage used to be phase to phase voltage.
To avoid confusion check which voltage reference that is used.
Pollution level Environmental conditions, with respect to pollution, are sometimes categorized in pollution
levels. The pollution levels are described in IEC 60815. During 2008 the former levels I, II,
III and IV was replaced with the five levels a, b, c, d, and e.
There is a relation between each pollution level and a corresponding minimum nominal
specific creepage distance. Since 2008 IEC 60815 states that the phase - ground voltage
shall be used for description of creepage distances instead of phase - phase voltage as in
the old versions of the standard. As a reference the old values are also given below.
Pollution level Creepage distance Creepage distance (Old)

Phase - Ground voltage Phase - Phase voltage
mm/kV mm/kV
a - Very light 22 -
b - Light 28 (16)
c - Medium 35 (20)
d - Heavy 44 (25)
e - Very Heavy 55 (31)
Ice class If applicable, outdoor switchgear may be assigned to withstand a specified ice coating.
Three classes exist in IEC:
- 1 mm of ice coating
Wind load The specified wind loads for circuit breakers intended for outdoor normal conditions are
based on a wind speed of 34 m/s, (IEC).

Explanations
Explanations
Design
Single- or three-pole For single-pole operation (1-pole operation), each individual pole of the circuit
operation breaker is operated by its own operating mechanism. This makes single-
phase as well as three-phase auto-reclosing possible.
For three-pole operation, (ganged operation) all three poles are operated by
a common operating mechanism. The three poles are mechanically linked
together for three-phase auto-reclosing.
(Two-pole operation applies only for special applications, i.e. railway systems.)
Trip-free A circuit breaker which can perform a complete opening operation, even if
circuit breaker the trip command is activated during a closing operation and with the closing
command maintained.
NOTE! To ensure proper breaking of the current that may be established, it

may be necessary that the contacts momentarily reach the closed position.
Fixed trip A circuit breaker that cannot be released except when it is in the closed position.
Pre-Insertion Resistors Pre-insertion resistors (closing resistors) are used to limit over-voltages in the
(PIR) network during switching operations. The pre-insertion resistors are only used
during closing and consist of resistor blocks that are connected in parallel with
the breaking chamber.
The resistor blocks will close the circuit approximately 8-12 ms before the
arcing contacts.
Pre-insertion resistors are mainly used at higher system voltages (≥362 kV).
Pre-insertion resistors should not be mixed up with opening resistors, which

are used for reducing (damping) the TRV during opening. Opening resistors
are mainly used on older types of circuit breakers, e.g. air-blast circuit breakers.
Rated operating The rated operating sequence (also known as standard operating duty or
sequence standard duty cycle) is the specified operating sequence, which the circuit
breaker shall be able to perform at specified ratings.
There are two main alternatives:

a) O - t - CO - t’ - CO
Where:
t = 0.3 s for circuit breakers intended for rapid auto-reclosing
t = 3 min for circuit breakers not intended for rapid auto-reclosing
t’ = 3 min
b) CO - t’’ - CO
Where:
t’’ = 15 s for circuit breakers not intended for rapid auto-reclosing
Mechanical endurance There are two different mechanical endurance classes:
class
Class M1: Circuit breaker with normal mechanical endurance
(2,000 operations).
Class M2: Frequently operated circuit-breaker for special service requirements

(10,000 operations).
A circuit breaker intended for Class M2 can of course also be used for Class M1.
Terminal load The conductors connected to the circuit breaker terminals, as well as ice and
wind loads, cause the resultant static terminal loads.
Standard values for static terminal loads are given by the standards.
The rated static terminal loads of the equipment are normally verified by load
calculations.

Explanations
Design
Pressure Gas pressures can be expressed in several units, such as MPa, bar, P.s.i etc.
1 MPa = 106 Pa = 10 bar = 145 P.s.i
Rated filling pressure

The rated filling pressure is given at the reference temperature of +20 °C and
may be expressed in relative or absolute terms. The rated filling pressure is the
pressure to which the circuit breaker is filled before being put into service.
Alarm pressure
The alarm pressure is given at the reference temperature of +20 °C and may
be expressed in relative or absolute terms. The alarm pressure is the pressure
at which a monitoring (alarm) signal indicates that replenishment is necessary
in a relatively short time.
Minimum pressure (Lock out, interlocking or blocking pressure)

The minimum pressure is given at the reference temperature of +20 °C and
may be expressed in relative or absolute terms. The minimum pressure is the
pressure at which the circuit breaker becomes interlocked for further operation
and when replenishment is necessary.
All type tests, except mechanical endurance test, are performed at this pressure.
Maximum pressure
The maximum pressure is given at the reference temperature of +20 °C and
may be expressed in relative or absolute terms. The maximum pressure is the
pressure at which the circuit breaker is carrying its normal current at maximum
ambient temperature.
Grading capacitors Grading capacitors are sometimes used on circuit breakers of multi-break
design (two or more identical making/breaking units connected in series) to
obtain uniform distribution of the voltage stresses across the open gaps.
The grading capacitor is connected in parallel with each and every making/
breaking unit and has a standard value of 1600 pF/capacitor.
The total capacitance across one open gap is calculated as follows:

Ctot = Cgr/n
Where:
- Cgr is the capacitance of each grading capacitor.
- n is the number of making/breaking units connected in series.
Parallel capacitor Parallel capacitors are used to increase the short-circuit capability of circuit
breakers.
The additional capacitance increases the time delay for the initial transient
recovery voltage and has therefore an impact mainly on the short-line fault
performance.
NOTE: Line-to-ground capacitors have a similar effect as parallel capacitors

but are mainly used on dead tank circuit breakers.

Explanations
Explanations
Time Quantities
Opening time The opening time is the interval of time from energizing of the opening release (e.g. opening
coil) for a circuit breaker being in closed position and the instant when the (arcing) contacts
have separated in all poles.
Closing time The closing time is the interval of time from energizing of the closing release (e.g. closing
coil) for a circuit breaker being in open position and the instant when the (arcing) contacts
touch in all poles.
Rated break time The rated (maximum) break time (interrupting time) is the time interval between energizing
the trip circuit and when the arc is extinguished in all poles.
The break time is expressed in ms or cycles (20 ms = 1 cycle at 50 Hz).
In IEC, the break-time is based on the results of the terminal fault test duties with
symmetrical current.
Compensation is made for single-phase testing and for reduced control voltages.
Dead time The dead time (during auto-reclosing) is the interval of time between final arc extinction in
all poles in the opening operation and the first re-establishment of current in any pole in the
subsequent closing operation.
IEC and ANSI/IEEE specify a dead time of 300 ms.
Arcing time Interval of time between the instant of the first initiation of an arc and the instant of final arc
extinction in all poles.
Pre-arcing time Interval of time between the initiation of current flow in the first pole during a closing opera-
tion and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles for three-phase conditions and the
instant when the contacts touch in the arcing pole for single-phase conditions.
Reclosing time The reclosing time is the interval of time between the energizing of the opening release (e.g.
opening coil) and the instant when the contacts touch in all poles during a reclosing cycle.
If the differences in operating times (closing and opening time respectively) between poles
are small and can be neglected, the following approximative formula can be applied:
Reclosing time = Opening time + Arcing time + Dead time + Pre-arcing time
Close-Open time The close-open time is the interval of time between the instant of contact touch in the first
pole during a closing operation and the instant when the (arcing) contacts have separated in
all poles during the following opening operation.
The opening release (e.g. opening coil) shall have been energized at the instant when the
contacts touch during closing (CO-operation without any intentional time delay; pre-tripped
CO-operation).
NOTE: The close-open time is not equal to Closing time + Opening time.
Open-Close time The open-close time (during auto-reclosing) is the interval of time between the instant of
contact separation in all poles and the instant when the contacts touch in the first pole in
the subsequent closing operation.
Open-Close time = Arcing time + Dead time + Pre-arcing time
Make time Interval of time between energizing the closing circuit, the circuit breaker being in the open
position, and the instant when the current begins to flow in the first pole.
Make-Break time The make-break time is the interval of time between the initiation of current flow in the first
pole during a closing operation an the end of the arcing time during the subsequent open-
ing operation.
The make-break time is based on an operation where the opening release (e.g. opening
coil) shall have been energized at the instant when the contacts touch during closing (CO-
operation without any intentional time delay a.k.a pre-tripped CO-operation).
Make-break time = Pre-arcing time + Close-open time + Arcing time

Explanations
Time definitions according to IEC

Closed position
Contact movement
Open position
Current flow
Opening time Opening operation Time

Arcing time
Break time
Final arc extinction in all poles
Separation arcing contacts in all poles
Energizing of opening release Separation arcing contacts in first pole
Closed position
Contact movement
Open position
Current flow
Make time Closing operation Time
Pre-arcing time
Closing time
Contact touch in all poles
Start of current flow in first pole

Energizing of closing circuit

Explanations
Explanations
Operation and Control
Operating Mechanism - Control Cubicle
Control voltage Control voltage is a DC supply used for the control circuits such as:
Close circuit and trip circuits etc.
Common rated control voltages:

110, 125, 220 or 240 V DC
(Less common rated control voltages: 250, 60 or 48 V DC)
The operating mechanism, including the control circuit, is designed for a rated control vol-
tage but must additionally have operational capability throughout a specific voltage range
to accommodate variations in supply voltage. The following required voltage ranges are
required according to IEC:
Minimum voltage (auxiliary equipment): 85% of rated voltage

Maximum voltage (auxiliary equipment): 110% of rated voltage
Minimum voltage (close circuit): 85% of rated voltage

Maximum voltage (close circuit): 110% of rated voltage
Minimum voltage (trip circuit): 70% of rated voltage

Maximum voltage (trip circuit): 110% of rated voltage
Heating voltage / AC Auxiliary voltage is an AC single-phase (phase – neutral) supply used for Heaters,
AC Auxiliary voltage Socket outlet and Lighting etc. when used.
Normal values:
110 - 127 V AC
220 - 254 V AC
Motor voltage Motor voltage is a DC supply or an AC single-phase (phase – neutral) supply for the spring
charging motor.
Common rated motor voltages:

110, 125, 220 and 240 V DC
115, 120, 127, 230 and 240 V AC
The motor and the motor circuit are designed for a rated voltage but must additionally have
operational capability throughout a specific voltage range to accommodate variations in
supply voltage. The following required voltage range is required according to IEC:
Minimum voltage for motor circuit: 85% of rated voltage

Maximum voltage for motor circuit: 110% of rated voltage
Closing spring The closing spring charging motor charges the closing spring after every
charge motor closing operation.
Motor contactor Motor contactor is controlled by the limit switch and starts / stops the closing spring char-
ging motor. (N.A. for FSA operating mechanism)
Limit switch The limit switch is monitoring the closing spring charging status.
For operating mechanism BLK and FSA it can be of inductive or mechanical type.
For operating mechanism BLG only mechanical type.
Auxiliary contacts Auxiliary contacts are contacts that show the circuit breaker position.
At least one contact is used in each control circuit (trip / close) to control the coil supply.
Contacts not used in control circuits, are normally connected to terminals for customer
use.
Normal total quantities:
12 NO + 12 NC, (9 NO + 9 NC free for customer use)
18 NO + 18 NC, (15 NO + 15 NC free for customer use)
FSA is limited to 10 NO + 10 NC, (7 NO + 7 NC free for customer use)

Impulse contact
A contact that gives an short impulse during contact movement.
Wiping contact

Explanations
Operation and Control

Operating mechanism - Control Cubicle
NC-contact NC-contact (normally closed contact) is a closed contact when device is not energized or in
the drawn situation, according to circuit diagram.
Could also be called: Break contact or b-contact.
NO-contact NO-contact (normally open contact) is an open contact in the same situation.
Could also be called: Make contact or a-contact.
NOC-contact (normally open-closed contact) is a closed contact that opens and an open
contact that closes with a common backside when changing position.
Could also be called: Change-over contact.
Trip / Close switch The trip / close switch is used for control operations, when the local / remote
(/ disconnected) switch is in local position.
Local / Remote / The local / remote / disconnected selector switch is used to switch between remote opera-
Disconnected selector ting and local operating (via the open / close switch). It also has a disconnected position
switch where operation is not possible. However a protection trip by-pass can be supplied that
makes it possible to trip the circuit breaker remotely even in disconnected position.
As an alternative a Local / Remote switch without disconnecting possibility can be provided.

Counter The counter is a non-resettable electro-mechanical counter that counts every close operation.
(FSA has a mechanical counter)
Anti-pumping relay The anti-pumping relay is a device that makes sure that there can be only one closing
operation for each closing order.
MCB – The MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a small automatic breaker that can be manually
Miniature Circuit controlled or automatically tripped due to over-current.
Breaker The over-current is either thermal (type K) or peak value (type B).
1NO + 1NC auxiliary contacts, that shows MCB position, can be included.
The MCB is normally used for AC auxiliary circuit (and motor circuit for operating mechanism
type BLK)
Direct On Line Motor Direct On Line Motor Starter is a motor protection and manual control unit. This could also
Starter be an MCB (thermal controlled type).
This unit trips the motor supply when motor overload occurs or when the Direct On Line
Motor Starter is manually operated.
Operating coils Close and trip coils in operating mechanisms BLK and BLG have relatively low power
consumption, normally 200 W, due to a very good latch design.
One close and two trip coils are supplied as standard.
Additional close coils can be supplied as option. Also the second trip coil can be of the
double type and additional trip circuit can be used.
Hand / Motor switch The hand / motor switch disconnects the motor circuit during hand cranking.
The hand / motor switch, either manual or automatic, has the following functions:
- Motor position; connects the motor-to-motor supply.
- Hand position; short-circuit the motor to be used as a generator brake.
(N.A. for FSA operating mechanism)

Heaters
Every operating mechanism has a continuous connected anti-condensation heater of 70 W.
In addition to that, one or more controlled heaters are fitted, depending on ambient tempe-
Thermostat
rature or humidity. These are controlled by a thermostat, or as an option, a humidity con-
troller (a moisture detector controller).
Humidity controller
Density switch The density switch is a device that measures the gas pressure, ambient temperature
compensated, inside the circuit breaker.
The density switch includes normally: a scale display, one contact indicating the alarm
pressure and two contacts controlling the gas-supervision interlocking relays at the blocking
level.

Explanations
Explanations
Operation and Control – ABB Options
Gas supervision
Fail-safe Normally a switch with contacts closing at low gas-pressure is used.

A fail-safe option can be supplied where contacts are opening at low gas-
pressure, so the gas supervision interlocking relays are energized until the
blocking occurs.
Another option is trip at low SF6-pressure. This option gives a trip order via the
Trip at low SF6 gas- supervision interlocking relays at the same time blocking occurs.
All type tests, except the mechanical tests, are carried out at this blocking
pressure.
Panel light Panel light can as an option be fitted on the control panel.
The panel lamp is automatically switched on when the panel door is opened.
Socket outlet Socket outlet can be fitted inside the cubicle.
Normal designs are:

Schucko – Commonly used in Northern Europe
(CEE 7/7) Round 2-pole socket with earth-bars on side.
CEE 7/4 – French/Belgium std. with Round 2-pole plug with inverted
earth-pole.
Hubbel – American standard.
Crabtree – British standard.
GPO – Australia
TCS – TCS – Trip Circuit Supervision is mainly used to check the connection
Trip Circuit between the protection trip relay (control room) and the operating mechanism
Supervision and secondly the trip coil(s) inside the operating mechanism(s).
The TCS is a device that can be fitted in parallel with the protection trip relay(s)
and sends a low (< 50 mA) testing current through the trip circuit(s).
To be able to monitor the trip circuits when the circuit breaker is in open pos-
ition (when the auxiliary contact in the trip circuit is open), there is a parallel
wiring to this contact. There are two normal ways to do this:
1. A resistor in parallel with this contact, with resistance value given by the
supplier of the TCS device.
2. A NC-contact of the auxiliary contact in parallel with the original NO-

contact. This requires either 2 outputs from the TCS-device or two
parallel TCS-devices.
An example of TCS device is SPER from ABB ATCF.

Resistor values for SPER, according to 1. above:
220 V dc. 33 kΩ
110 V dc. 22 kΩ
60 V dc. 5.6 kΩ
48 V dc. 1.2 kΩ
Protective trip The protective trip in the trip circuits is a direct line, by-passing the Local /
Remote selector switch.
Note! Used only when protective tripping should override the selector switch.
Position indicating As an option we can supply green/red-indicating LED-lamps connected to the
lamps auxiliary switch for circuit breaker position indication inside the cubicle.

Explanations
Operation and Control – ABB Options

Key-interlock Provision for key-interlock is mechanical (and electrical) interlocking device,
which interlocks the closing function, with a bracket suitable for installing the
following brands: Castell, Kirk and Fortress.
Emergency trip, Manual mechanical trip push-button can on request be fitted on the inside or
manual trip push- the outside of the operating mechanism. (Only inside for FSA)
button Note! Mechanical trip overrides SF6-blocking
An interlocking device, according to device No. 69 in the ANSI standard, that

69-device requires a resetting after each manual tripping before closing of the circuit
breaker can be done. (N.A. for FSA operating mechanism)
Spring charge As an option a relay can be fitted to give an alarm when one or more of the
supervision errors / events below occurs:
1. Loss of motor voltage.
2. The direct on line motor starter is tripped manually.
3. The direct on line motor starter is tripped due to over-current.
4. An electrical error prevents spring charging.
5. A mechanical error prevents spring charging.
The relay can be an auxiliary relay or with a time delay relay depending on
alarm delaying possibility in the bay control unit.
The alarm delay must be at least as long as the spring charging time, normally
15 s.
Voltage supervision The circuits can be equipped with voltage supervision relay(s).
This could be a zero-voltage relay (a standard auxiliary relay -not adjustable) or
voltage supervision relays (with adjustable setting for voltage and hysteresis).
Heater supervision The heating circuit can be equipped with a current supervision relay (with
adjustable setting for current and hysteresis) or an indicating lamp in series
with the continuously connected heater.
Capacitor tripping Trip circuits can be equipped with capacitor tripping devices.
Used to automatically trip the circuit breaker at loss of, or at low operating
voltage.
The capacitor tripping device is always used together with a voltage supervi-
sion relay (adjustable setting for voltage and hysteresis) that controls the trip-
ping voltage level (one capacitor device / trip coil is required).

0-voltage trip coil The BLK operating mechanism can be equipped with 0-voltage Trip coil.
It is used to automatically trip the circuit breaker at loss of, or low operating
voltage.
The 0-voltage Trip coil is always used together with a voltage supervision relay
(adjustable setting for voltage and hysteresis) that controls the tripping voltage
level.
Fuses Fuses can be fitted in every circuit on request.
Normal types:
MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker
Red spot – Fuses (Links)
UK 10,3-HESI – Fuses (Links)
Note! The trip circuits should preferably not include fuses.

Phase discrepancy Phase discrepancy (Pole discordance) is a device that could be used on single
pole operated circuit breakers, that uses auxiliary contacts to indicate that
all phases are in the same position. When the poles are in different positions
a time delay starts, and after a pre-set time, a trip order and alarm signal is
normally initiated.

Explanations
Seismic Conditions
Seismic stress There are many zones in the world where earthquakes may occur, and where
circuit breakers should be designed to withstand the corresponding stresses.
When an earthquake occurs, the acceleration and amplitude of the motion of
the ground will vary in a statistical manner. The stress conditions are normally
most severe in the horizontal direction. The type of soil (sand, clay, rock, etc)
has a strong influence on the actual local severity of an earthquake and the
damage it may inflict.
For technical purposes earthquake stresses are normally defined by the maxi-
mum value of the horizontal acceleration. IEC has standardized three values of
maximum horizontal acceleration 2, 3, and 5 m/s2, corresponding to 0.2, 0.3,
and 0.5 g.
IEEE, which is more relevant (more severe) has corresponding standardized
values, 0.25 g and 0.5 g respectively for moderate and heavy seismic action.
Resulting stress on When a HV circuit breaker is subjected to an earthquake, the motion of
circuit breakers the ground will induce oscillations in the circuit breaker with corresponding
mechanical stress. The mechanical stress will normally be most severe at the
lower end of the support column.
The circuit breaker will have one or more natural oscillation frequencies,
eigenfrequencies, where the predominant one is typically a few Hz. Since the
frequency of typical earthquake oscillations is also of the order of a few Hz, the
actual stress on the breaker may be is amplified due to mechanical resonance.
The degree of amplification depends on the eigenfrequency (natural oscilla-
tion frequency) and damping of the circuit breaker, and may be deduced from
response spectra, published e.g. by IEC.
Earthquake dampers An earthquake damper will increase the damping of the natural oscillation of
the circuit breaker. In this way the amplification of earthquake stresses due to
resonance is significantly decreased, and the maximum mechanical stress on
the circuit breaker significantly reduced.
Verification of seismic The seismic capability of a circuit breaker may be verified by a direct test,
capability where a complete circuit breaker, or pole, is subjected to simulated earth-
quake stress on a shaker table.
Alternatively, the mechanical stresses can be determined by calculations. The

most reliable calculations are based on a snap-back test. In this test a force
is applied on the top of the circuit breaker pole. When the force is suddenly
released the pole will oscillate and the eigenfrequencies and the damping can
be measured.

Explanations
S
ES R|
OT E
. OMT
US
#

Puffer Products
Design Features Puffer Interrupters

Closed Contact Parting Arc Open
position Main Arcing Extinction position Closing
1
6
2 7
3 8
4 9
10
11
1. Upper current carrier | 2. Stationary arcing contact | 3. Moving arcing contact | 4. Puffer volume | 5. Lower
current carrier | 6. Nozzle | 7. Stationary main contact | 8. Moving main contact | 9. Puffer cylinder | 10. Refill
valve | 11. Stationary piston
In its normal position, the circuit breaker con- arcing contacts. As the arc flows, it to some
tacts are closed and current is conducted degree blocks the flow of SF6 gas through
from the upper current carrier to the lower the nozzle. Thus, the gas pressure in the
current carrier via the main contacts and the puffer volume continues to increase. When
puffer cylinder. the current waveform crosses zero, the arc
becomes relatively weak. At this point, the
On opening, the moving part of the main pressurized SF6 gas flows from the puffer
and arcing contacts, as well as the puffer volume through the nozzle extinguishing the
cylinder and nozzle, are pulled toward the arc.
open position. It is important to note that the
moving contacts, nozzle and puffer cylinder In the open position, there is sufficient
form one moving assembly. distance between the stationary and moving
contacts to withstand rated dielectric levels.
As the moving assembly is drawn toward
the open position, the refill valve is forced On closing, the refill valve opens so that
closed and SF6 gas begins to be com- SF6 gas can be drawn into the puffer volume.
pressed between the moving puffer cylinder
and the stationary piston. The first contacts Note that the SF6 gas pressure required
to part are the main contacts. Parting the for interruption is built up by mechanical
main contacts well before the arcing con- means. Thus, circuit breakers using puffer
tacts ensures that any arc drawn will be interrupters require operating mecha-
between the arcing contacts and contained nisms with sufficient energy to overcome
by the nozzle. the pressure build up in the puffer volume
required to interrupt rated short circuit
When the arcing contacts part, an arc is current while at the same time maintaining
drawn between the moving and stationary the contact speed required to withstand
recovery voltage.
C-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products Auto-Puffer
Design Features Auto-PufferTM Interrupters

Closed Contact Parting Arc Open
position Main Arcing Extinction position Closing
1
8
2 9
3 10
4 11
5 12
6 13
14
13
1. Upper current carrier | 2. Stationary arcing contact | 3. Moving arcing contact | 4. Auto-Puffer™ volume |
5. Puffer volume | 6. Refill valve | 7. Stationary piston | 8. Nozzle | 9. Stationary main contact | 10. Moving main
contact | 11. Auto-puffer™ valve | 12. Puffer cylinder | 13. Over-pressure relief valve | 14. Lower current carrier
When interrupting high currents (e.g. rated Gas pressure inside the Auto-Puffer™
short-circuit current), Auto-Puffer™ interrup- volume continues to increase until it is high
ters show the advantage they were designed enough to force the Auto-Puffer™ valve to
to provide. the closed position. All SF6 gas required for
interruption is now trapped in the fixed Auto-
At opening, the operation of an Auto- Puffer™ volume and any further increase in
Puffer™ interrupter at high current begins the gas pressure in that volume is due solely to
same way as a puffer interrupter. It is not until heating from the arc. At about the same time,
after arcing begins that a difference in the the gas pressure in the puffer volume reaches
operation principle is seen between the high a level sufficient to push the overpressure relief
and low current interrupting cases. valve open. Since the gas in the puffer volume
escapes through the overpressure valve, there
When the arcing contacts part, an arc is is no need for a high operating energy to over-
drawn between the moving and stationary come the compression of SF6 gas while at
arcing contacts. As the arc flows, it to some the same time maintaining the contact speed
degree blocks the flow of SF6 gas through necessary to withstand recovery voltage.
the nozzle. The arc drawn is extremely hot
and radiates a lot of heat and begins to heat When the current waveform crosses zero,
the SF6 gas in the interrupting gas volume. the arc becomes relatively weak. At this point,
Thus, the pressure inside the Auto-Puffer™ the pressurized SF6 gas flows from the Auto-
and puffer volumes increases due to the rise Puffer™ volume through the nozzle extin-
in temperature as well as due to the com- guishing the arc.
pression of gas between the puffer cylinder
and stationary piston. At closing, the refill valve opens so that gas
can be drawn into the puffer and Auto-
Puffer™ volumes.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 C-2

Auto-Puffer Products
Design Features Auto-PufferTM Interrupters

When interrupting low currents, Auto- In the open position, there is sufficient
Puffer™ interrupters act in much the same distance between the stationary and moving
way as puffer interrupters. That is, there is contacts to withstand rated dielectric levels.
not sufficient gas pressure generated to
force the Auto-Puffer™ valve closed. Thus, On closing, the refill valve opens so that
the fixed Auto-Puffer™ volume and puffer SF6 gas can be drawn into the Auto-Puffer™
volume form one large puffer volume. In such and puffer volumes. Because interruption of
a case, the SF6 gas pressure required for low currents requires only moderate build up
interruption is built up by mechanical means of SF6 gas pressure by mechanical means
as in a puffer interrupter. Unlike a puffer inter- and since high current interruption uses
rupter, however, Auto-Puffers™ need only heating from the arc to generate necessary
mechanically generate sufficient gas pressure gas pressure in a fixed volume, Auto-Puffer™
to interrupt a portion of the rated short-circuit interrupters require far less operating energy
current (i.e. 20% to 30%) than puffer interrupters (i.e. about 50% less).
C-3 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products LTB Circuit Breaker Family
LTB Design Features and Advantages

Introduction of directly driving the circuit breaker contacts
ABB:s LTB circuit breaker family, with rated with high precision and reliability. The number
voltage 72 - 800 kV and breaking current up of moving parts in the drive is reduced to
to 50 kA, satisfies the highest demands. It is only one – the rotating motor shaft.
based on latest developments in dielectric The Motor Drive is described in separate
dimensioning and arc physics research. chapters in this Buyers Guide.
ABB produced the world’s first SF6 circuit The design of the LTB is a well-proven
breakers with arc-assisted interrupters in the technology (over 25,000 units are in service).
mid-1980’s - Auto-Puffer™.
The Auto-Puffer™ principle is described in Design features
chapter C-1. LTB is available for single- or three-pole
operation.
For circuit breakers with one breaking ele-
ment per pole, both modes of operation are
possible. For two- or four-chamber circuit
breakers only single-pole operation applies.
For three-pole operation, the circuit breaker

poles and the operating mechanism are
linked together with pull rods. On every pole
there is an individual opening spring con-
trolled by the pull rod.
There is however one exception. In the
LTB D three-pole operation case there is only
one opening spring controlling all three poles
and it is mounted on the pole furthest away
from the operating mechanism
Each circuit breaker pole constitutes a

sealed SF6 filled unit, which includes the
breaking unit, the hollow post insulator and
the mechanism housing.
The energy required for interrupting short cir- The three poles of the circuit breaker can
cuit currents is partly taken from the arc itself, be mounted on individual pole supports or
significantly reducing the energy required in the case of LTB D on a common support
from the operating mechanism. frame (pole beam).
Lower operating energy inherently reduces
mechanical stresses, on the circuit breaker Operating mechanism
itself as well as on the foundation, and in- BLK is used for:
creases circuit breaker reliability.
LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV
For many years, ABB has used operating LTB E 72.5 - 245 kV singe-pole operation
mechanisms with energy mechanically stored FSA1 is used for:
in springs. This solution offers considerable LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV
advantages in that the energy in the tensio-
ned springs is always available. BLG is used for:
Our spring operating mechanisms BLK, BLG LTB E 72.5 - 245 kV three-pole operation
and FSA1 are described in separate chapters LTB E 362 - 800 kV single-pole operation
in this Buyers Guide.
Motor Drive™ is used for:
In the year 2001 ABB introduced Motor
Drive, a digital servomotor system capable LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 D-1

LTB Circuit Breaker Family Products
LTB Design Features and Advantages

The operational reliability and the service life • Since the interrupting capability is depen-
of an SF6 circuit breaker is very much dependent on the density of the SF6 gas, the LTB
dent on the ability to ensure sealing of the circuit breaker is provided with a density
SF6 gas volume and to neutralize the effects monitor.
of moisture and decomposition products in The density monitor consists of a tempera-
the gas. ture compensated pressure switch. There-
fore, alarm signal and blocking function are
• The risk for gas leakage is negligible; activated only if the pressure drops due to
double nitrile rubber O-rings and X-rings leakage.
are used with excellent result.
The design corresponds with the demands in
• Each breaking unit is provided with a des- the standards IEC and ANSI. Special design
iccant, which absorbs the moisture and the solutions to meet other standards and/or
decomposition products from the interrup- specifications are also available.
tion process.
Circuit breaker type LTB D

1. Breaking chamber
2. Support insulator
3. Support structure
4. Operating mechanism type BLK
5. Trip spring with housing
6. Gas tube with protective beam
7. Gas supervision
(On opposite side)
8. Drilled holes for connection
to ground
9. Pullrod with protective tube
10. Position indicator
D-2 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products LTB Circuit Breaker Family
Current switching capability sion, without the need of extra protection. For
All LTB circuit breakers are capable of inter- use in extreme trying environments LTB can
rupting short-circuit currents in a maximum be delivered with a protective painting.
of 40 ms. For the LTB D with FSA1 the
maximum break time is 60 ms. We can also The support structure and protective tubes
guarantee restrike free interruption of capaci- for the pull rods are made of hot-dipped gal-
tive currents due to optimized contact design vanized steel.
and movement.
For inductive current switching the over- Seismic strength
voltages are low as a result of optimum All LTB circuit breakers have a mechanically
quenching at current zero. robust construction due to optimized pole
and support structure, designed to withstand
Dielectric strength seismic accelerations up to 3 m/s2 , (0.3 g)
LTB has high dielectric strength even at without extra precautions.
atmospheric SF6 pressure, due to optimized
contact gap. With reinforced support structure, insula-
tors or earthquake dampers or combinations
Controlled switching thereof, the circuit breakers can withstand
As option LTB circuit breakers can be used seismic accelerations considerably higher
for controlled switching by applying our con- than 5 m/s2 , (0.5 g).
trolling device type Switchsync™.
For further information please see chapter Q-1 Read more about “Seismic Withstand
“Controlled Switching”. Capability” in chapter S-1.
Stable operating times Simple erection

For controlled switching it is of the utmost Each LTB is pre-tested in our factory and
importance that the functional times for clos- transported to site as a few pre-assembled
ing and tripping operations are constant. We units.
can guarantee ±1 ms between consecutive The circuit breakers can easily be installed
operations for all LTB circuit breakers. and put into service in 1-4 days depending on
type and size.
Climatic withstand
The LTB circuit breakers are designed for, Low maintenance requirements
and are installed in, widely shifting conditions The operational reliability and the service life
from polar to desert climate throughout the of a SF6 circuit breaker is very much depen-
world. dent on the ability to ensure sealing of the SF6
gas volume and to neutralize the effects of
For circuit breakers installed in areas with moisture and decomposition products in the
extreme low temperatures there is a risk of gas.
condensation of the SF6 gas. However, LTB is designed for a service life
In order to avoid condensation of more than 30 years or 10,000 mechanical
consequences, one of the following (no load) operations. For current switching
gas-mixtures is used: the number of operations before service is
• SF6 and N2 dependent on the interrupted current.
• SF6 and CF4
Condition monitoring
Resistance to corrosion As an option we can offer supervisory control
The selected components of aluminum by means of our condition monitoring system.
(mechanism housings, HV-terminals, cubic- This is described in chapter “Monitoring” R-1.
les) give a high degree of resistance to corro-
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 D-3

HPL Circuit Breaker Family Products
HPL Design Features and Advantages

Introduction 63 kA can be handled without the need of
ABB:s HPL circuit breaker family with rated grading capacitors.
voltage 72 - 800 kV and breaking current up
to 63 (80) kA, satisfies the highest demands. Each circuit breaker pole constitutes a
It is based on latest developments in dielec- sealed SF6 filled unit, which includes the
tric dimensioning and arc physics research. breaking unit, the hollow post insulator and
the mechanism housing.
ABB has produced SF6 circuit breakers
with Puffer interrupters since 1981. The Puffer The operational reliability and the service
principle is described in chapter C-1. life of a SF6 circuit breaker is very much
dependent on the ability to ensure sealing of
the SF6 gas volume and to neutralize the ef-
fects of moisture and decomposition prod-
ucts in the gas.
• The risk for gas leakage is negligible;

double nitrile rubber O-rings and X-rings
are used with excellent result.
• Each breaking unit is provided with a des-

iccant, which absorbs the moisture and the
decomposition products from the interrup-
tion process.
• Since the interrupting capability is depen-

dent on the density of the SF6 gas, the
HPL circuit breaker pole is provided with a
density monitor.
The density monitor consists of a tempera-
ture compensated pressure switch. There-
activated only if the pressure drops due to
leakage.
The HPL circuit breaker is operated by the The design corresponds with the demands
motor charged spring operating mechanism in the standards IEC and ANSI. Special
type BLG which is described in separate design solutions to meet other standards
chapters in this Buyer’s Guide. and/or specifications are also available.
The design of the HPL is a well-proven Current switching capability

technology (over 14,500 units are in service) All HPL circuit breakers are capable of inter-
rupting short-circuit currents in a maximum
Design features of 40 ms. We can also guarantee interruption
HPL can be single- or three-pole operated. of capacitive currents with very low probabili-
For circuit breakers with one breaking ele- ty of restrike due to optimized contact design
ment per pole, both modes of operation are and movement.
possible. For multi chamber circuit breakers For inductive current switching the over-
only one-pole operation applies. voltages are low as a result of optimum
The three poles of the circuit breaker are quenching at current zero.
mounted on individual pole supports. For
three-pole operation, the breaker poles and Dielectric strength
the operating mechanism are linked together HPL has high dielectric strength even at
with pull rods. Each circuit breaker pole has atmospheric SF6 pressure, due to optimized
its own individual opening spring. contact gap.
E-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products HPL Circuit Breaker Family
Circuit breaker type HPL B2

1 Breaking chamber
2 Support insulator
3 Support structure
4 Operating mechanism type BLG
5 Trip spring with protective housing
6 Gas supervision (On opposite side)
7 Position indicator
Controlled switching For circuit breakers installed in areas with

As option HPL circuit breakers can be used extreme low temperatures there is a risk of
for controlled switching by applying our con- condensation of the SF6 gas.
trolling device type Switchsync™. In order to avoid condensation
For further information please see chapter Q-1 consequences, one of the following
“Controlled Switching”. gas-mixtures is used:
• SF6 and N2
Stable operating times • SF6 and CF4
For controlled switching it is of the utmost
importance that the functional times for clos- Resistance to corrosion
ing and tripping operations are constant. We The selected components of aluminum
can guarantee ±1 ms between consecutive (mechanism housings, HV-terminals, cubicles)
operations for all HPL circuit breakers. give a high degree of resistance to corrosion,
without the need of extra protection. For use
Climatic withstand in extreme trying environments HPL can be
The HPL circuit breakers are designed for, delivered with a protective painting.
and are installed in, widely shifting conditions
from polar to desert climate throughout the The support structure and protective tubes
world. for the pull rods are made of hot-dipped
galvanized steel.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 E-2

HPL Circuit Breaker Family Products
HPL Design Features and Advantages

Seismic strength The circuit breakers can easily be installed
All HPL circuit breakers have a mechanically and put into service in 1-4 days depending
robust construction due to optimized pole on type and size.
and structure, designed to withstand seismic
accelerations up to 3 m/s2, (0.3 g) without Low maintenance requirements
extra precautions. The operational reliability and the service life
of an SF6 circuit breaker is very much depen-
With reinforced support structure, insula- dent on the ability to ensure sealing of the
tors or earthquake dampers or combinations SF6 gas volume and to neutralize the effects
thereof, the circuit breakers can withstand of moisture and decomposition products in
seismic accelerations considerably higher the gas.
than 5 m/s2, (0.5 g) However, HPL is designed for a service life
of more than 30 years or 10,000 mechanical
Read more about “Seismic Withstand (no load) operations. For current switching
Capability” in chapter S-1. the number of operations before service is
dependent on the interrupted current.
Simple erection
Each HPL is pre-tested in our factory and Condition monitoring
transported to site as a few pre-assembled As option we can offer supervisory control by
units. means of our condition monitoring system.
This is described in chapter “Monitoring” R-1.
E-3 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products BLK Operating Mechanism
BLK Design Features and Advantages

Introduction in high voltage circuit breakers originated
Demands on the reliability of power transmis- in the operating mechanism. Therefore, to
sion networks are increasing continuously. As achieve highest operational reliability, circuit
such, today many customers strongly focus breakers should be equipped with highly reli-
on the reliability and maintenance require- able operating mechanisms.
ments of system equipment.
In the light of the above, the BLK mo tor
charged spring operating mechanism was
developed. The BLK spring operating
mechanism is designed with a minimum of
components. Such a design ensures a high
degree of total reliability and minimal need for
maintenance for the operating mechanism
and, thus, the circuit breaker as a whole.
With over 35,000 BLK operating mecha-

nisms delivered, ABB is confident that the
design is one of the most reliable on the
market.
Applications
BLK spring operating mechanisms are used
for the following types of ABB live tank circuit
breakers:
LTB D
LTB E1 (single-pole operated)
Circuit breakers are the last link in a chain Design features

of apparatus that form the protection equip- Perhaps the most important feature of the
ment for a power supply system. Within a BLK operating mechanism is its operating
few milliseconds an operating mechanism principle.
must supply the energy needed to transform
the circuit breaker from a perfect conductor In the ABB design, the opening spring is
to a perfect insulator. A failure in the opera- part of the circuit breaker’s link system and
ting mechanism often means a failure in the placed near the mechanism housing.
total breaking operation. Thus, operating
mechanisms play a major role of the reliability The closing spring in the operating mecha-
of the circuit breaker and, thereby, of the total nism generates the required driving force
power supply system. to close the circuit breaker and charge the
opening spring. As such, the mechanical
In addition, capacitor bank and reactor energy needed for the vital opening operation
switching applications, which impose added is always stored in the opening spring when
requirements on operational endurance, are the circuit breaker is in the closed position.
becoming more common. In other words, a closed breaker is always
In an international investigation it was prepared for immediate opening.
shown that eighty percent (80%) of all failures
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 F-1

BLK Operating Mechanism Products
BLK Design Features and Advantages

Immediately after each closing operation, Interlocking against unintentional
a motor drives the spring charging gear to operation
automatically charge the closing spring. After Interlocking is achieved partly electrically and
recharging the closing spring, the circuit partly mechanically. Electrical interlocking is
breaker is capable of a rapid reclosing with a achieved by having the circuits of the opera-
dead time interval of 0.3 s. tion coils connected through the auxiliary
contacts of the operating mechanism. In ad-
Both open and close springs are kept in dition, the closing coil is connected through a
the charged state by very reliable triple- limit switch that is controlled by the position
action latches. of the spring drum. In this way the closing
The power unit is characterized by the fol- circuit is only closed when the breaker is in
lowing robust main components: the open position and the closing springs are
fully charged.
• A spiral closing spring, which drives the Based on the above interlocking design,
operating lever of the circuit breaker. the following operations are not possible
when in service:
• Robust, universal charging motor • Closing operation when the breaker is
- Operates only after closing operation already closed (i.e. a “blind” stroke)
- Charges closing springs in ≤15 seconds • Closing operation during an opening
operation
• Trip and close latches that are identical,
fast acting and vibration proof.
• A damping device to retard the motion of

the contact system at the end of an open-
ing operation.
• A closed, oil-filled worm drive for a mini-

mum of maintenance.
The auxiliary equipment is characterized by

the following:
• Robust auxiliary contacts and limit switches.
• Mechanical indication of charged, partly

charged or discharged closing spring. BLK housing
• Corrosion resistant housing of painted
• All electrical wiring used for external con- aluminum of 2 mm thickness.
nections is brought to terminal blocks. • Mechanical spring charge indicator
- Located on the side of the housing
• Good accessibility through large housing - Visible with housing doors closed
and a hinged control panel. • Front and back doors equipped with door-
stops and provisions for padlock on door
Consistent operating times for all environ- handles.
mental conditions, making the circuit breaker • Insulated doors and walls for low energy
very suitable for controlled switching. consumption and low noise level.
F-2 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Panels Tools
Behind the front door there is a panel that A compartment for tools is located on the
may be equipped differently, depending on backside of the rear door.
customer specific requirements. As a stan-
dard, the following equipment is included on Central Control Cubicle (CCC)
the control panel: or Master-slave
• Casing with instruction manual and final For local three-pole operation of a single-pole
drawings operated circuit breaker a Central Control
• Local open / close switch Cubicle (CCC) can be used. The CCC can
• Local / remote / disconnect selector switch be delivered by ABB or arranged by the
• Electro-mechanical operations counter customer.
– non-resettable As an alternative to the CCC we can also
• MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) for motor- provide a “Master-slave” solution, which elim-
and AC auxiliary circuits inates the need for the CCC. Master-slave
means that the function and the components
There is easy access to relays and contac- in the CCC have instead been incorporated
tors, which are placed on the rear side of the in one of the three operating mechanisms.
hinged control panel. This saves time for installation and cabling
work.
Behind the rear door of the operating
mechanism housing there is an interface We are open for discussions how to arrange
panel containing all necessary terminal the two alternatives.
blocks for customer connections. Standard
terminal blocks are compression type in
which a bare wire is compressed between
two metallic plates in the terminal.

BLK Operating Mechanism Products
BLK — Operating principles
Closed position
In the normal service position of
the circuit breaker the contacts are
closed and the opening and closing
springs are charged.
In this position the circuit breaker is
always ready to perform an opening
operation or a complete auto-
reclosing O - 0.3s - CO.
Opening operation
To open the circuit breaker, the
opening latch (1) is released by 1
the tripping coil, and the opening
spring*) (A) of the circuit breaker car-
ries out the operation. The motion 2
of the contact system is retarded by
a damping device (2). With a spring
operated circuit breaker the opening
operation is extremely reliable as the
operation is only dependent on the
functioning of the opening latch and
the opening spring.
*) The opening spring is illustrated as a “clock”-type spring. Nowadays helical wounded

springs are normally used for tripping operation.
F-4 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

BLK — Operating principles
Closing operation
Releasing of the closing latch (4)
means an immediate response to 1 2 3
close the circuit breaker. The driver
lever (2) brings the eccentric guided
closing lever (3) to the closed posi-
tion. At the same time the opening
spring (A) is charged. At the end
of the stroke the closing lever (3)
connected to the circuit breaker is
hooked up by the opening latch (1)
in the closed position. Due to the
eccentric guided lever (3) the driver
lever (2) is declutched and contin-
ues to the resting position.
4
A
Charging of the closing spring

The circuit breaker has been closed. 6 2 5
The motor circuit is closed by the 7
limit switch (8). The motor (7) starts
and charges the closing spring (6)
as the main shaft (5) and the driver
(2) are hooked up by the closing 8
latch (4). When the closing spring
is fully charged the limit switch will
open the motor circuit. In case
of emergency, the spring can be
charged by means of the hand
crank enclosed in the cubicle.

BLG Operating Mechanism Products
BLG Design Features and Advantages

Introduction design is one of the most reliable on the
Demands on the reliability of power transmis- market.
sion networks are increasing continuously. As The design ensures a high degree of total
such, today many customers strongly focus reliability and minimal need for maintenance
on the reliability and maintenance require- for the operating mechanism and, thus, the
ments of system equipment. circuit breaker as a whole.
Applications
The BLG spring operating mechanisms are
used for the following types of circuit breaker:
HPL B
LTB E1 (three-pole operated)
LTB E2
LTB E4
Design features
The closing springs in the mechanism gener-
ate the required driving force to close the
breaker and charge the opening spring.
The opening springs are part of the circuit

breaker’s link system and placed underneath
the mechanism housing. This means that the
mechanical energy needed for the vital open-
ing operation is always stored in the opening
Circuit breakers are the last link in a chain spring when the circuit breaker is in closed
of apparatus that form the protection equip- position. In other words, a closed breaker is
ment for a power supply system. Within a always prepared for immediate opening.
few milliseconds an operating mechanism
must supply the energy needed to transform A universal motor(s) drive(s) the spring
the circuit breaker from a perfect conductor charging gear, which automatically charges
to a perfect insulator. A failure in the oper- the closing springs immediately after each
ating mechanism often means a failure in closing operation. The springs are kept in
the total breaking operation. Thus, operating the charged state by a latch that is released
mechanisms play a major role of the reliability when the breaker is being closed. This
of the circuit breaker and, thereby, of the total enables rapid reclosing of the breaker after a
power supply system. dead time interval of 0.3 s.
In addition, capacitor bank and reactor The principle of the operating mechanism
switching applications, which impose added can be briefly described as follows:
requirements on operational endurance, are an endless chain links a cam disc and a set
becoming more common. of springs. The chain, which is in two loops
and runs over a motor-driven sprocket,
In an international investigation it was transmits energy when the springs are being
shown that eighty percent (80%) of all failures charged and drives the cam disc around
in high voltage circuit breakers originated when the circuit breaker is to be closed.
in the operating mechanism. Therefore, to During its rotation the cam disc actuates a
achieve highest operational reliability, circuit link that converts the rotating motion into a
breakers should be equipped with highly reli- linear motion.
able operating mechanisms.
The trip and closing latches are identical,
With over 50,000 BLG operating mecha- fast acting and vibration proof.
nisms delivered, ABB is confident that the
G-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products BLG Operating Mechanism
A damping device is included to retard • Local open / close switch

the motion of the contact system in the end • Local / remote / disconnect selector switch
positions. • Electro-mechanical operations counter
– non-resettable
The auxiliary equipment is characterized • Mechanical spring charge indicator
by the following: – visible through the transparent shutter
• Robust auxiliary contacts and limit switches
• Mechanical indication of charged, partly Behind the rear door of the operating
charged or discharged closing spring. mechanism housing there is an interface
• All electrical wiring used for external con- panel containing all necessary terminal
nections is brought to terminal blocks. blocks for customer connections. As a stan-
dard, the following equipment is included:
Consistent operating times for all environ- • Standard terminal blocks of compression
mental conditions which make the circuit type (in which a bare wire is compressed
breaker suitable for controlled switching. between two metallic plates in the terminal)
• Interlocking for hand spring charging
Interlocking against unintentional • Control equipment – such as relays,
operation MCB’s, contactors etc.
Interlocking is achieved partly electrically and • Auxiliary contacts
partly mechanically. Electrical interlocking is
achieved by having the circuits of the opera- On the backside of the rear door there is a
tion coils connected through the auxiliary compartment for documents with instruction
contacts of the operating mechanism. In ad- manual and final drawings. A hand crank is
dition, the closing coil is connected through a also attached.
limit switch that is controlled by the position
of the spring bridge. In this way the closing
circuit is only closed when the breaker is in
the open position and the closing springs are
fully charged.
Based on the above interlocking design,

the following operations are not possible
when in service:
• Closing operation when the breaker is
already closed (i.e. a “blind” stroke)
• Closing operation during an opening
operation
BLG housing
• Corrosion resistant housing of painted
aluminum of 2 mm thickness.
• Front and back doors equipped with door-
stops and provisions for padlock on door
handles.
• Insulated doors and walls for low energy
consumption and low noise level. Central Control Cubicle (CCC)
When the circuit breaker is single-pole opera-
Panels ted a Central Control Cubicle (CCC) is used
Below the front door there is a panel, with a when the circuit breaker is locally three-pole
transparent shutter, that may be equipped operated. The CCC will be delivered by ABB
differently, depending on customer specific or arranged by the customer, from case to
requirements. As a standard, the following case. We are open for discussions how to
equipment is included on the control panel: arrange the solution.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 G-2

BLG Operating Mechanism Products
BLG — Operating principles
Closed position
In the normal service position of the circuit
breaker (B), the contacts are in closed posi-
tion, with closing- (5) and opening spring (A)
charged.
The breaker is kept in the closed position
by the opening latch (1), which takes up the
force from the charged opening spring.
The mechanism is now ready to open upon
an opening command and can carry out a
complete fast auto re-closing
(O - 0.3 s - CO) cycle.
Opening operation
When the breaker is being opened, the latch
(1) is released by the tripping coil.
The opening spring (A) pulls the breaker (B)
towards the open position. The operating
lever (2) moves to the right and finally rests
against the cam disc (3).
The motion of the contact system is
damped towards the end of the stroke by an
oil-filled damping device (4).
G-3 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products BLG Operating Mechanism
Closing operation
When the breaker is being closed, the clos-
ing latch (6) is released by the closing coil.
The sprocket (7) is locked to prevent rota-
tion where upon the operating energy in the
closing springs is transferred via section (8)
of the endless chain to the sprocket (11)
belonging to the cam disc (3).
The cam disc then pushes the operating
lever (2) towards the left where it is locked in
its end position by the tripping latch (1).
The last part of the rotation of the cam disc
is damped by the damping device (9) and
a locking latch on the sprocket (11) again
takes up the initial position against the clos-
ing latch (6).
Charging of the closing springs

The breaker has closed; the motor starts
and drives the sprocket (7).
The sprocket (11) belonging to the cam disc
(3), has its catch locked against the clos-
ing latch (6), whereupon the sections of the
chain (8) raise the spring bridge (10).
The closing springs (5) are thereby charged
and the mechanism again takes up its nor-
mal operating position.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 G-4

FSA1 Operating Mechanism Products
FSA1 Design Features and Advantages

Introduction With thousands of FSA operating mecha-
Demands on the reliability of power transmis- nisms in service, ABB is confident that the
sion networks are increasing continuously. As design is one of the most reliable on the
such, today many customers strongly focus market.
on the reliability and maintenance require- The design ensures a high degree of total
ments of system equipment. reliability and minimal need for maintenance
for the operating mechanism and, thus, the
circuit breaker as a whole.
Applications
The FSA1 spring operating mechanisms are
used for the following types of circuit breaker:
ED
LTB D1
Design features
The operating mechanism consists primary
of two tension springs.
The closing spring generate the required

driving force to close the circuit breaker and
charge the opening spring.
The opening spring is directly connected to

the circuit breakers link system. This means
that the mechanical energy needed for the
vital opening operation is always stored in
Circuit breakers are the last link in a chain the opening spring when the circuit breaker
of apparatus that form the protection equip- is in closed position. In other words, a closed
ment for a power supply system. Within a circuit breaker is always prepared for imme-
few milliseconds an operating mechanism diate opening.
must supply the energy needed to transform
the circuit breaker from a perfect conductor A universal motor drives the spring charging
to a perfect insulator. A failure in the operat- gear, which automatically charges the closing
ing mechanism often means a failure in the spring immediately after each closing opera-
total breaking operation. Thus, operating tion.
mechanisms play a major role of the reliability The springs are kept in charged state by a
of the circuit breaker and, thereby, of the total latch that is released when the circuit breaker
power supply system. is being closed. This enables rapid reclos-
ing of the circuit breaker after a dead time
In addition, capacitor bank and reactor interval of 0.3 s.
switching applications, which impose added
requirements on operational endurance, are The principle of the operating mechanism
becoming more common. can be briefly described as follows:
In an international investigation it was shown Closing operation:

that eighty percent (80%) of all failures in When the circuit breaker is being closed, the
high voltage circuit breakers originated in the closing latch is released from the main shaft
operating mechanism. Therefore, to achieve and the closing spring trips. This means that
highest operational reliability, circuit breakers the cam disc rotates via the closing lever.
should be equipped with highly reliable oper- The switching shaft is put in motion and the
ating mechanisms. circuit breaker closes, at the same time as
H-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products FSA1 Operating Mechanism
the trip spring in turn is charged and locked. FSA1 housing

The motor then charges the closing spring • Corrosion resistant housing of painted
following each closing operation, via the main aluminum
shaft and worm gear. When the spring is • Front door equipped with doorstops and
then charged, the circuit is interrupted by the provisions for padlock on door handles.
limit switch.
Panels
Opening operation: Behind front door (master for single-pole
When the signal indicating that the circuit operation SPO) and three-pole operation
breaker shall open is received, the tripping (TPO) there is a panel that may be equipped
latch device releases from the switching shaft differently depending on customer specific
and the trip spring hereby opens the circuit requirements. As a standard, the following
breaker. equipment is included on the control panel:
• Local open / close switch
A damping device is included to retard the • Local / remote / disconnect selector switch
motion of the contact system in the end • Pole selector switch (only for SPO)
position at opening. • MCB for motor
• MCB for heater
The auxiliary equipment is characterized • Thermostat
by the following: • Mechanical operations counter
• Robust auxiliary contacts and limit switches (Visible through an indication window in the
• Mechanical indication of charged or dis- cubicle door.)
charged closing spring. • Mechanical spring charge indicator
• All electrical wiring used for external con- (Visible through an indication window in the
nections is brought to terminal blocks. cubicle door.)
Interlocking against unintentional Relays, limit switches and auxiliary contacts

operation are accessibly behind covers or by removing
Interlocking is achieved partly electrically and the casing.
partly mechanically. Electrical interlocking is
achieved by having the circuits of the opera- Terminal blocks of the SPO version are
tion coils connected through the auxiliary located behind a cover of the backside of
contacts of the operating mechanism. In ad- master cubicle.
dition, the closing coil is connected through a For TPO direct behind the front door.
limit switch that is controlled by the position
of the spring. In this way the closing circuit is Standard terminal blocks of compression
only closed when the breaker is in the open type (in which a bare wire is compressed
position and the closing springs are fully between two metallic plates in the terminal).
charged.
On the backside of the front door there is a
Based on the above interlocking design, the compartment for documents with instruction
following operations are not possible when in manual and final drawings. A hand crank,
service: for manual charging of the springs, is also
• Closing operation when the breaker is attached.
already closed (i.e. a “blind” stroke)
• Closing operation during an opening
operation
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 H-2

FSA1 Operating Mechanism Products
FSA1 Design
3 1
6
2
Operating mechanism type FSA1

1 Main shaft
2 Closing spring
3 Cam disc
4 Closing lever
5 Switching shaft
6 Trip spring
7 Motor
H-3 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products FSA1 Operating Mechanism
1 1
9
2
10
11 15
8
3 12
13
14
7 16
4
6
17
A B
Operating mechanism type FSA1

A View from behind 9 Counter for circuit breaker operations
B View from the front 10 Position indicator
1 Main shaft 11 Spring charge indicator
2 Worm gear 12 Manual closing operation lever
3 Operating mechanism’s opening lever 13 Closing coil
4 Motor 14 Manual opening operation lever
5 Auxiliary contacts 15 Operating mechanism’s closing lever
6 Closing spring 16 Trip coil 1 and 2
7 Hydraulic damper 17 Trip spring
8 Switching shaft
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 H-4

MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism Products
Motor Drive™ Design Features and Advantages

A revolutionary concept for the What is a Motor Drive™?
operation of high voltage circuit A Motor Drive is a digitally controlled
breakers motor directly moving the circuit breaker
There is an increasing focus by power net- contacts.
work operators to increase their operational ABB has developed a digital controlled
returns on invested capital equipment. An servomotor system capable of direct driving
important step in this direction is the shift circuit breaker contacts with high precision
towards condition-based maintenance in and reliability. The number of moving parts in
conjunction with utilizing a plant that has the drive is reduced to just one – the rotating
inherently low maintenance requirements. motor shaft.
ABB has concentrated its development on
designing high performance, high-voltage Applications
equipment that requires minimum of mainte- At present available for:
nance. The development has consequently
focused on systems which predict a fault LTB D (single- and three-pole operated)
before it occurs and a warning is sent out.
The warning can be used to avoid unplanned Design features
service interruptions and maintenance jobs Motor Drive is essentially a digital system.
can be carried out according to the planned The required operating motions (trip & close)
schedule. are programmed into a Control unit.
On command, the required operations are

executed according to the stored contact
travel program and the motor is controlled
to move the circuit breaker primary contacts
accordingly. Energy charging, buffering,
release and transmission are essentially elec-
trical and as such the mechanical system is
reduced to a minimum of moving parts. The
critical parts in the electrical operational chain
are multiplied so that a redundant system is
achieved.
The inherent mechanical simplicity of

Motor Drive provides major advantages:
• Elimination of wearing components
• Reduction in operating forces
• Substantial reduction of the noise
level during operation
• Inherent increased reliability by elimination
of multiple-interacting mechanical
components
LTB Circuit Breaker with ABB’s motor
operated mechanism Motor Drive. References
So far approximately 200 LTB D with Motor
Drive has been installed in more than twenty
countries all over the world.
Reference list can be presented on request.
I-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Products MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism
The Motor Drive platform offers many Control panel

advantages and new capabilities: Behind the front door is a panel that may be
equipped differently, depending on customer
• Direct, active feedback control of specific requirements. As a standard, the fol-
contact motion lowing equipment is included on the control
• Flexible permissive logic control of panel:
the circuit breaker • Casing with instruction manual and final
• Dramatic reduction of transients in drawings
substation auxiliary supply • Local open / close control
• Increased operational security and • Local / remote / discharge selector
improved asset management through control
advanced on-line monitoring • Electro-mechanical operations counter
– non-resettable
Robust modular design • Indicators for charged/discharged
The Motor Drive is designed for widely shif- capacitors
ting conditions from polar to desert climate. • Warning and alarm indicators
• Contact position indicator
Reliability • MCBs for voltage supplies, heaters and
A circuit breaker must operate safely and socket outlet
reliably at all times. This is further
improved by: Behind the rear door of the control cubicle
• Eliminated multiple-interacting mechanical housing there is an cable interface panel
components. containing all necessary terminal blocks for
• Inherent self-monitoring capability. customer connections.
• Redundant critical systems.
Two independent voltage supplies. Simple erection
Automatic switching to back-up supply. Installation and commissioning is easy.
Each motor drive is pre-tested together
Motor Drive™ control cubicle with the circuit breaker poles and shipped
• Corrosion resistant housing of painted to installation site in the form of a few pre-
aluminum. assembled units. No adjustments necessary
• Front and back doors equipped with door- on site.
stops and provisions for locking of door
handles. Condition monitoring
• Insulated roof, doors and walls. During normal operation of the circuit breaker
the Motor Drive continuously runs diagnostic
algorithms to check both the electrical and
mechanical system. In event of problem
a warning or fail signal will indicate to the
substation control that service is needed. For
service purposes the Motor Drive collects
and stores a wide array of data that can be
retrieved either locally or from the control
board or remotely through a modem. With
the service software, MD Service installed on
a laptop, the status of the circuit breaker can
be further investigated; detailed information
can also be downloaded and sent to ABB for
detailed analysis and failure diagnostics.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 I-2

Motor Drive™ Design Features and Advantages

The silent Circuit Breaker Advantages
During operation the control system feeds • Only one moving part, simple and reliable
the motor with precise amount of energy
needed to obtain the desired speed of the • Optimal pre-programmed travel curve
contacts. This smooth control together with
the minimized mechanical system gives very • Contact travel is compensated against
low sound level of the circuit breaker opera- ageing and changes in ambient
tion. Sound levels of 87 (dBA) has been mea- temperature by the adaptive control
sured and can be compared to sound levels system
up to 100 (dBA) that have been registered for
circuit breaker with spring drives. • Condition monitoring is inherently
possible without need for additional
In service diagnostic test - sensors
Micro-motion
To obtain information about the condition • Low power requirement, no transient loads
of all the electrical and mechanical compo-
nents in the system, the main contacts can • Low mechanical stress and low noise
be moved a short distance without separa- levels
tion. This can be executed automatically at
programmed time intervals or by command • Redundant power supply
via the MD Service serial communication
interface. • Optical serial communication port for
The Micro-motion operates under service external connection
of the circuit breaker and does not interfere
with the normal operation. If a trip command • Micro-motion – functional test
is initiated at the instant when a Micro-
motion is performed the normal operation will • Can be used in combination with
override and an unaffected open operation Switchsync™ applications
will be executed. (single-pole operation).
Contact
position
Approx. 0.5 mm
Closed
Contact separation
Open
Time (ms)

Operating principle
5 2 1
4 3
Energy charging Energy release & transmission

(1) - Charger/Supply unit accepts redun- Once an operation command (Trip or Close)
dant AC and DC supply inputs and provides is validated through the I/O Unit (3) it passes
internal power supply to Capacitor, I/O and to the Control Unit (4). Permissive logic
Control Units. Supply load demands are very control of operating commands is regulated in
low (less than 1 A at normal operation) and the Control Unit. The Control Unit contains
with very low transient loads. and executes the programmed travel curve
for the circuit breaker. The Control Unit will
Energy buffering access the relevant curve program (Trip or
(2) - Operating energy for the drive is buf- Close) and sends internal commands to the
fered in a Capacitor Unit. The unit stores and Converter Unit (5). Taking DC supply from
provides the power needed for the motor the Capacitor Unit (2), the Converter Unit will
during operation. The unit is monitored to then send digitally controlled AC voltage and
ensure that operations are only permitted current to the Motor Stator (6) to drive the
when sufficient energy is available. The unit Motor with the required motion.
is dimensioned to accommodate standard
IEC and ANSI circuit breaker auto-reclosing The rotor of the Motor is directly connected
demands. to the operating drive shaft of the circuit
breaker. The integrated Position Sensor in
Control & signaling the Motor continuously monitors the Rotor
(3) - The I/O unit receives all operating com- position. This information is fed directly back
mands to the breaker and provides signaling to the Control Unit. The Control Unit veri-
indication back to the substation control system. fies the measured position, compares it to
The I/O unit contains bistable relays, which the position required at that instant by the
replaces the traditional mechanical auxiliary pre-programmed travel curve. It sends fur-
contacts. ther control signals to the Converter Unit to
continue the motion of the breaker. Thus the
circuit breaker motion is precisely controlled
by the feedback according to the pre-
programmed travel curve stored in the
Control Unit memory.

Motor Drive™ Diagnostics

MD Service The MD Service can also be used to gater
MD Service is a User interface program, and browse documents relevant for the
which provides data from the Motor Drive to application such as: Schematics, Operation
check the status of the circuit breaker. logs and product manuals.
MD Service can also be used to customize In the event of a warning or fail signal from
the function of the circuit breaker accord- the system the MD Service can be used to
ing to the customer needs. For example the analyze the problem, detailed data can also
Software can be used to: be downloaded and send to ABB for further
- Set the time intervals of the Micro-motion analyzis and remote failure diagnostic.
operations
- Configure automatic operations that can At installation and commissioning the soft-
be performed in the event of low energy, ware is used for local operation and verifica-
low gas levels, phase discrepancies and tion of the system function.
loss off supplies.
- Change/upgrade of the drive software The MD Service also includes a help func-
tion, which describes the different functions
more in detail.
The following figure is an example of a MD
Service view.
Example of MD Service view

S
ES R|
OT E
. OMT
US
#

LTB Circuit Breaker Family Technical Information
Circuit Breakers type LTB D and LTB E

ABB produced the world’s first SF6 For many years, ABB has used
circuit breakers with arc-assisted operating mechanisms with energy
interrupters in the mid-1980’s. mechanically stored in springs. This
The energy required for interrupt- solution offers considerable advan-
ing short circuit currents is partly tages in that the energy in the ten-
taken from the arc itself, significantly sioned springs is always available.
reducing the energy required from the We have also introduced the latest
operating mechanism. technology for circuit breaker opera-
Lower operating energy inherently tion – Motor Drive
reduces mechanical stresses and
increases circuit breaker reliability.
Brief performance data:

Installation Outdoor / Indoor
Design SF6 Auto-Puffer™
interrupter
Spring operating
mechanisms or
Motor Drive
Insulation SF6
Rated voltage Up to 800 kV
Rated current Up to 4,000 A
Breaking current Up to 50 kA
Short-time current Up to 50 kA/3 s
Insulators Composite or
porcelain
Creepage distance 25 mm/kV, phase -
phase voltage
(Longer on request)
Service conditions:
Ambient temperature -30 to +40 °C
(Operation in tem-
peratures down to
-60 or up to +70 °C
on request)
Design altitude 1,000 m.a.s.l.
(Higher altitudes on
request)
Type of operation Single- or Three-pole
J-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information LTB Circuit Breaker Family
Material LTB circuit breaker type Operating mechanism

The selected components of aluminum
(mechanism housings, HV-terminals, cubic- BLK BLG FSA1 MD
les) give a high degree of resistance to cor-
LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV X
rosion, without the need of extra protection. X X
three-pole operation (max 145 kV)
For use in extreme trying environments LTB
can be delivered with a protective painting. LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV
X X X
single-pole operation
The support structure and protective tubes LTB E 72.5 - 245 kV
for the pull rods are made of hot-dipped X
three-pole operation
galvanized steel.
LTB E 72.5 - 245 kV
X
single-pole operation
Insulators
LTB circuit breaker is as standard delivered LTB E 420 - 800 kV
X
with insulators that consist of high-grade single-pole operation
brown-glazed porcelain or composite insula-
tors (light gray). More detailed information about the operat-
LTB with light gray porcelain can be delivered ing mechanisms can be found in chapters
on request. F-1, G-1, H-1, I-1, L-1, M-1, N-1 and O-1.
LTB is available as standard with long
creepage distances. Sealing systems for SF6 volume
Longer creepage distances can be quoted The sealing system consists of double nitrile
on request. rubber O-rings in all static seals and double
X-rings in all dynamic seals.
More information about our composite This type of sealings has been used in our
insulators can be found in chapter P-1. circuit breakers for more than 30 years with
excellent service record at varying climatic
Mechanical strength conditions.
The mechanical durability gives a sufficient The SF6 gas leakage is less than 0.5% per
safety margin for normal wind loads and year.
static and dynamic forces from conductors.
SF6 density monitoring
Seismic withstand strength Since the interrupting capability is dependent
All LTB circuit breakers can, in their standard on the density of the SF6 gas, the LTB circuit
versions, withstand seismic accelerations breaker is provided with density monitor(s).
below 3 m/s2 (0.3 g) in accordance with The density monitor consists of a tempera-
IEC 62271-300, and below 2.5 m/s2 (0.25 g) ture compensated pressure switch. There-
in accordance with IEEE 693. fore, alarm signal and blocking function are
activated only if the pressure drops due to
For higher acceleration see chapter S-1 leakage.
“Seismic Withstand Capability” The standard version of LTB D for 72.5 -
170 kV has one common density monitor for
Rating plates all three poles.
A rating plate, which includes data for the Alternatively LTB D can be provided with
circuit breaker, is placed on the operating one density monitor per pole.
mechanism cubicle. The rating plate is made
of stainless steel with engraved text. All LTB E circuit breakers have one density
monitor per pole, except LTB E4 which has
Operating mechanism two density monitors per pole.
The circuit breaker is operated by motor
charged spring operating mechanism(s), More information can be found in chapter
which is installed in a compact splash proof B-1 “Explanations”.
and corrosion resistant housing, attached to
the structure.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 J-2


Climatic withstand Circuit breakers with vertically mounted
The LTB circuit breakers are designed for, breaking elements have terminals on both
and are installed in, widely shifting conditions sides for connection in either direction.
from polar to desert climate throughout the
world. Circuit breakers with horizontal breaking
elements have one terminal per breaking ele-
For circuit breakers installed in areas with ment. The terminals are directed upwards.
extreme low temperatures there is a risk of
condensation of the SF6 gas. 40 40
In order to avoid condensation
D=14.5(13x) 44.5
consequences, one of the following
22.25
gas-mixtures is used:
• SF6 and N2
• SF6 and CF4 23 28.5
40 44.5
Support structure 125
Support structures are included in the stan- 40
dard versions of the LTB circuit breakers. The
support structures are made of hot-dipped
galvanized steel.
The standard versions for structures are:
• LTB D 72.5 - 170 kV Controlled Switching Devices

One support column per pole, or one com- The goal for controlled switching is to in-
mon pole beam with two support columns. crease power quality in the network systems
by reducing switching transients.
• LTB E All LTB circuit breakers are suitable for con-
One support column per pole for LTB E1 trolled switching with ABB:s Switchsync™
and LTB E2. (Up to 550 kV) device.
Two support columns for LTB 800 E4 In order to obtain optimum result the
switching instants should be different for the
• For detailed information see ”Dimensions” three phases. For three-pole operated circuit
breakers this is achieved with mechanically
The support structures are prepared for staggered poles.
connection to ground by means of drilled Since 1984 more than 2,300 Switchsync™
holes on each leg. devices have been delivered.
High voltage terminals For further information see chapter Q-1,

The LTB circuit breakers are as standard “Controlled Switching”.
equipped with flat aluminum terminals with
thickness 20 mm for LTB D and 28 mm for Condition monitoring
LTB E. As option we can offer supervisory control by
The drilling pattern is in accordance with means of our condition monitoring system.
IEC and NEMA standards. This is described in chapter R-1
Example: LTB E2 Other dimensions (e.g. DIN) by means of
adapters, are available on request.

Type tests Erection and commissioning

The LTB circuit breakers have been type Assembly instructions are provided with each
tested in accordance with IEC and/or ANSI delivery.
standards. Erection work at site can be done in 1-4
Type test reports can be presented on days depending on LTB type and size.
request.
Filling of SF6 gas to specified rated pres-
Routine tests sure is done by using the following pressur-
All LTB circuit breakers are routine tested izing equipment, which can be delivered on
before delivery. Our test program complies request:
with IEC and ANSI standards.
• One special control valve, for connection to
For detailed information please see special the gas bottle, and a 20 m gas-filled hose
chapter T-1 regarding “Quality Control and with connectors.
Testing”.
• A complementary control valve for connec-
Transport tion to CF4 or N2 gas bottle (for mixed gas
The LTB circuit breakers are normally packed filling).
and transported in seaworthy wooden crates.
When using above equipment gas filling
The circuit breaker poles with one breaking can be carried out without gas being re-
element per pole are transported as comp- leased into the atmosphere.
lete units.
For circuit breakers with two breaking ele- For illustration of gas filling equipment
ments per pole, the breaking elements and see page J-6.
the support insulators are transported in two
separate cases. Maintenance
LTB is designed for a service life of more than
For detailed information regarding weights 30 years or 10,000 mechanical operations.
and dimensions see “Shipping data”. For current switching the number of opera-
tions before service is dependent on the
Breaking elements as well as support interrupted current and type of application.
insulators are filled with SF6 gas at a slight
overpressure. Inspection, maintenance and overhaul
should be carried out at regular intervals de-
Arrival inspection pending on the ambient conditions and the
On arrival the packaging and contents should number of operations.
be checked against packing list. The general actions are described below:
In the event of damage to the goods, contact • 1-2 years:
ABB for advice, before further handling of the Ocular inspection
goods takes place.
Any damage ought to be documented • After 15 years or 5,000 mechanical
(photographed). operations:
Preventive maintenance including general
inspection of the circuit breaker and oper-
ating mechanism.
Operation test including measurement of
operating times and possible adjustments.


• 30 years or 10,000 mechanical operations:
A comprehensive inspection is recom-
mended to give increased safety and
continued problem-free operation.
The inspection methods and scope de-
pend very much on the local conditions.
For circuit breakers for special switching

duties such as switching of reactor banks
overhaul of the breaking chamber should be
carried out more frequently.
Overhaul and repair work must be per-

formed by authorized personnel only.
The instructions in the manual for operation

and maintenance should be observed.
ABB is available for discussions and advice.
Recommended spare parts

High operation frequency (e.g. circuit brea-
kers for reactor or capacitor switching) and/
or large quantities of circuit breakers:
• Complete poles
• Complete operating mechanisms
• Sets of contacts
• Sets of gaskets
• Density switches
• SF6 gas
Spare parts for the operating mechanisms

BLK and BLG; see chapter L-1 and M-1
SF6 gas
Gas for filling up to rated pressure can be de-
livered in bottles, each containing 40 kg gas.
The quantity required for each type of LTB
varies from one circuit breaker type to an- Disposal
other. This information is given in the tender. The disposal of wasted parts should be
The pressurizing equipment can be de- carried out in accordance with local legal
livered on request, and is described under provisions.
“Erection and Commissioning”. The SF6 gas should not be released into
the athmosphere when the circuit breaker is
Brackets and primary connections disposed.
As optional equipment, LTB 72.5 - 170 D1/B The SF6 gas can be recycled.
can be delivered with cantilever support
brackets for current transformer IMB, and The porcelain can, after it has been
primary connections between the circuit crushed, be used as fill.
breaker and the current transformers moun- The metals used in the circuit breaker can
ted on the brackets. be recycled.

Gas Filling Equipment
SF6
1. Regulator for SF6 gas 7. Relief valve 13. Cover nut

2. Plug in nipple 8. Socket 14. O-ring
3. Protective rubber sleeve 9. T-union 15. Nipple
4. Protective rubber plug 10. Hydraulic hose 16. O-ring
5. Coupling body 11. Ball plug valve 17. Connection nut
6. Deflector cap 12. Nipple 18. Equal union cross

Technical Data according to ANSI/IEEE

(General data, deviations may occur)
LTB 72.5D1/B
LTB 145D1/B
LTB 170D1/B
LTB 72.5E1
LTB 170E1
LTB 245E1
LTB 420E2
LTB 550E2
Number of breaks per pole 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
Rated voltage kV 72.5 145 170 72.5 170 245 362 550
Rated frequency Hz 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Power frequency
withstand voltage 1)
- To earth (Dry/Wet) kV 160/140 310/275 365/315 160/140 365/315 425/350 555/- 860/-
- Across open pole (Dry/Wet) kV 160/140 310/275 365/315 160/140 365/315 425/350 555/- 860/-
Lightning Impulse
Withstand Voltage
- To earth kV 350 650 750 350 750 900 1300 1800
- Across open pole kV 350 650 750 350 750 900 1300 1800
Chopped Wave Impulse

Withstand Voltage
- To earth (2 μs) kV 452 838 968 452 968 1160 1680 2320
- Across open pole (2 μs) kV 452 838 968 452 968 1160 1680 2320
Switching Impulse
Withstand Voltage
- To earth kV - - - - - - 825 1175
- Across open pole kV - - - - - - 900 1300
Rated continuous current A 3000 3000 3000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
Rated s.c current kA 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
First-pole-to-clear factor 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3
Rated closing and latching current kA 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
Duration of short- time

s 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
withstand current
Closing time ms < 40 2) < 40 2) < 40 2) < 55 < 55 < 55 < 70 < 70
Opening time ms 22 2) 22 2) 22 2) 17 17 17 18 18
Interrupting time ms 40 2) 40 2) 40 2) 40 40 40 40 40
Dead time ms 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
Rated standard operating duty - O-0.3s-CO-3min-CO or CO-15s-CO

1)
Up to and including 245 kV, power frequency withstand voltage ratings apply for both wet and dry conditions
2)
With BLK operating mechanism

Technical Data according to IEC

LTB 72.5D1/B
LTB 145D1/B
LTB 170D1/B
LTB 72.5E1
LTB 170E1
LTB 245E1
LTB 420E2
LTB 550E2
LTB 800E4
Number of breaks per
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4
pole
Rated voltage kV 72.5 145 170 72.5 170 245 420 550 800
Rated frequency Hz 50/60 50/60 50/60 50 60 50 60 50 60 50 60 50 60 50
Power frequency
withstand level 1)
- To earth and between
kV 140 275 325 140 325 460 520 620 830
phases
- Across open pole kV 140 275 325 140 325 460 610 800 1150
Lightning Impulse With-

stand Level (LIWL)
- To earth and between
kV 325 650 750 325 750 1050 1425 1550 2100
phases
1425 1550 2100
- Across open pole kV 325 650 750 325 750 1050
(+240) (+315) (+455)
Switching Impulse
Withstand Level (SIWL)
- To earth / Between
kV - - - - - - 1050/1575 1175/1760 1550/2480
phases
- Across open pole kV - - - - - - 900 (+345) 900 (+450) 1175 (+650)
Rated normal current A 3150 3150 3150 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
Rated s.c breaking

kA 40 40 40 50 40 50 40 50 40 50 40 50 40 50
current
First-pole-to-clear
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3
factor
Making current peak kA 100/104 100/104 100/104 125 104 125 104 125 104 125 104 125 104 125
Duration of short
s 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
circuit
Closing time ms < 40 2) < 40 2) < 40 2) < 55 < 55 < 55 < 70 < 70 < 65
Opening time ms 22 2) 22 2) 22 2) 17 17 17 18 18 20
Break time ms 40 2) 40 2) 40 2) 40 40 40 40 40 40
Dead time ms 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
Rated operating
- O-0.3s-CO-3min-CO or CO-15s-CO
sequence
1)
2)
With BLK operating mechanism

Dimensions — LTB D
LTB D1/B Two-column stand,
Three-pole operation
Rated voltage: 72.5 - 170 kV
Dimensions (mm)
Rated F
A B C D E F
voltage E E
72.5 kV 4647 1164 670 3283 1050 3230 267
145 kV 5197 1164 1220 3833 1750 4630
170 kV 5808 1475 1520 4133 1750 4630 B
Available dimensions for phase distances

and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm)
Rated C
Phase distance A
voltage
72.5 kV 1050* 1500 1750* 2000 2500 D
145 kV - 1500 1750* 2000 2500
170 kV - - 1750* 2000 2500 1750 2503
*) Standard **) BIL 550 kV
Rated
Height to lowest part of insulator **
voltage
72.5-170 kV 1123 2503* 2945 3528
*) Standard
**) Other dimensions can be provided

Single-pole operation
Dimensions (mm) F
Rated E E
A B C D E F
voltage 267
72.5 kV 4647 1164 670 3283 1750 4380
145 kV 5197 1164 1220 3833 1750 4380 B
170 kV 5808 1475 1520 4133 1750 4380

and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) C
Rated
voltage D A
72.5 kV 1500 1750* 2000 2500
145 kV 1500** 1750* 2000 2500 2503
921
170 kV - 1750* 2000 2500 1790
*) Standard **) BIL 550 kV 755
Rated 783
Height to lowest part of insulator ***
voltage
72.5-170 kV 1123** 2503* 2945 3528
*) Standard
**) Central control cabinet must be mounted separately
***) Other dimensions can be provided

Single-pole operation (FSA mechanism)
Dimensions (mm) F
Rated E E 267
A B C D E F
voltage
72.5 kV 4647 1164 670 3280 1750 4189
B
145 kV 5197 1164 1220 3830 1750 4189
170 kV 5808 1475 1520 4130 1750 4189
Available dimensions for phase distances C

and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) A
Rated D
Phase distance
voltage
72.5 kV 1500 1750* 2000 2500 2501
2140
2000
707
145 kV - 1750* 2000 2500 580
1162 574
170 kV - 1750* 2000 2500
*) Standard 756
Dimensions between stands. Centre to centre (mm)

Rated
Height to lowest part of insulator ** Phase distance Stand distance
voltage
72.5-170 kV 2501* 2946 3529 1500 1500
)
* Standard 1750 2000
**) Other dimensions can be provided 2000 2530
2500 2530
LTB D1/B Two-column stand, F

Three-pole operation (FSA mechanism) E E
267
Rated Voltage: 72.5 - 145 kV
Dimensions (mm) B
Rated
A B C D E F
voltage
72.5 kV 4647 1164 670 3280 1750 4174 C
145 kV 5197 1164 1220 3830 1750 4174 A
Available dimensions for phase distances D

and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) 2487 563
2205
Rated
Phase distance
1218
voltage
692
72.5 kV 1500 1750* 2000 2500
145 kV - 1750* 2000 2500 300
2530
)
* Standard
Dimensions between stands. Centre to centre (mm)
Rated Phase distance Stand distance
voltage 1500 2530
72.5-145 kV 2501* 2946 3529 1750 2530
*) Standard 2000 2530
**) Other dimensions can be provided 2500 2530

LTB D1/B Three-column stand,
Dimensions (mm)
Rated F
A B C D E F
voltage E E
267
72.5 kV 4647 1164 670 3283 1050 3266
145 kV 5197 1164 1220 3833 1750 4666
B
170 kV 5808 1475 1520 4133 1750 4666

and heights to lowest part of insulator (mm) C
Rated A
Phase distance
voltage
72.5 kV 1050 1500 1750* 2000 2500 3000 D
145 kV - 1500 1750* 2000 2500 3000 2503

170 kV - - 1750* 2000 2500 3000 1750
Rated
voltage
72.5-170 kV 800 2503* 2950 3203
*) Standard
**) Other dimensions can be provided
LTB D1/B Three-column stand,

Dimensions (mm)
Rated
A B C D E F
voltage
72.5 kV 4647 1164 670 3283 1750 4380
145 kV 5197 1164 1220 3833 1750 4380
170 kV 5808 1475 1520 4133 1750 4380

Rated
voltage
72.5 kV 1500 1750* 2000 2500 3000
145 kV 1500** 1750* 2000 2500 3000
170 kV - 1750* 2000 2500 3000
Rated
Height to lowest part of insulator ***
voltage
72.5-170 kV 800** 2503* 2950 3203
*) Standard
**) Central control cabinet must be mounted separately
***) Other dimensions can be provided

Dimensions — LTB E
LTB E1
Dimensions (mm)
Rated
A B C D E F
voltage
72.5 kV 4790 1292 655 3244 1100 3590
170 kV 5400 1292 1265 3854 2500 6390
245 kV 6703 1914 1955 4544 3500 8390

Rated
Phase distance
voltage
72.5 kV 1100* 1500 2500 3000 3500 4000
170 kV - - 2500* 3000 3500 4000
245 kV - - 2500 3000 3500* 4000
*) Standard
Rated
Height to lowest part of insulator
voltage
72.5-245 kV 1950 2508* 2992 3642 4142
*) Standard
LTB E1
Dimensions (mm)
Rated
A B C D E* F
voltage
72.5 kV 4790 1292 655 3244 2500 6298
170 kV 5400 1292 1265 3854 2500 6298
245 kV 6703 1914 1955 4544 3500 8298
*) Recommended phase distances

Rated
voltage
72.5-245 kV 1442 2508* 2992 3642 4142
*) Standard

LTB 420E2
Rated voltage: 362 - 420 kV
All dimensions in mm
Available dimensions of heights to lowest part

of insulator (mm)
Rated
voltage
420 kV 1950 2508* 2992 3642 4142
*) Standard
LTB 550E2
Rated voltage: 550 kV

of insulator (mm)
Rated
voltage
550 kV 1950 2508* 2992 3642 4142
)
* Standard

LTB 800E4

of insulator (mm)
Rated
voltage
800 kV 3847
10860
10398 795 795

2393
1914
1600 pF
5870 6070
11001
10642
3847
2086

Typical Shipping Data for Standard LTB D

LTB 72.5D1/B, Three-pole operated, Three-column stand
Equipment Number of cases Dimensions Gross weight
LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.32 x 1.78 x 0.75 1050
Operating mechanism 1 1.22 x 1.17 x 1.13 345
Support structure 1 2.42 x 0.60 x 0.44 330
Total 3 6.7 m3 1725
LTB 145D1/B, Three-pole operated, Three-column stand

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.32 x 1.78 x 0.75 1150
Total 3 6.7 m3 1825
LTB 170D1/B, Three-pole operated, Three-column stand

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.87 x 1.78 x 0.75 1270
Total 3 7.4 m3 1945
LTB 72.5D1/B, Three-pole operated, Pole beam

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.32 x 1.78 x 0.75 1200
Pole beam 1 2.60 x 0.46 x 0.46 115
Total 4 7.3 m3 1880


LTB 145D1/B, Three-pole operated, Pole beam
LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.32 x 1.78 x 0.75 1270
Pole beam 1 4.00 x 0.46 x 0.46 220
Total 4 7.3 m3 2035
LTB 170D1/B, Three-pole operated, Pole beam

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.87 x 1.78 x 0.75 1350
Pole beam 1 4.00 x 0.46 x 0.46 220
Total 4 8.1 m3 2115
LTB 72.5D1/B, Single-pole operated, Three-column stand

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.30 x 1.76 x 1.33 1700
Total 2 11.6 m3 2650
LTB 145D1/B, Single-pole operated, Three-column stand

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.30 x 1.76 x 1.33 1800
Total 2 11.6 m3 2750
LTB 170D1/B, Single-pole operated, Three-column stand

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 3.89 x 1.76 x 1.33 1850
Total 2 12.9 m3 2800


LTB 72.5 - 170D1/B, Single-pole operated (FSA), Two-column stand
Type Pole-beam with
Circuit breaker poles Support structure
operating mechanism
Dimension Gross weight Dimension Gross Dimension Gross
Porcelaine / weight weight
Composite
m kg m kg m kg
LTB 72.5 D1/B 3.26 x 1.78 x 0.72 1130 / 710 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53 370 4.41 x 1.11 x 2.25 1100
LTB 145 D1/B 3.26 x 1.78 x 0.72 1250 / 740 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53 370 4.41 x 1.11 x 2.25 1100
LTB 170 D1/B 3.90 x 1.78 x 0.72 1500 / 840 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53 370 4.41 x 1.11 x 2.25 1100
LTB 72.5 - 170D1/B, Three-pole operated (FSA), Two-column stand

(Four packages per circuit breaker)
Type Circuit breaker poles Support structure Pole-beam / Operating mechanism
Dimension Gross weight Dimension Gross Dimension Gross
Porcelaine / weight weight
Composite
m kg m kg m kg
4.09 x 0.57 x 1.0 / 150 /
LTB 72.5 D1/B 3.26 x 1.78 x 0.72 1130 / 710 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53 370
0.77 x 0.55 x 1.26 170
4.09 x 0.57 x 1.0 / 150 /
LTB 145 D1/B 3.26 x 1.78 x 0.72 1250 / 740 2.17 x 0.90 x 0.53 370
0.77 x 0.55 x 1.26 170

S
ES R|
OT E
. OMT
US
#

Typical Shipping Data for Standard LTB E

LTB 72.5 and 170E1, Three-pole operated, Three-column stand
Equipment Number of Dimensions Gross weight
cases LxWxH
72.5 170
m kg
LTB 72.5 Breaker poles 1 On request On request -
LTB 170 Breaker poles 1 4.54 x 1.90 x 0.97 - 3600
Operating mechanism 1 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 680 680
Support structure 1 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36 280 280
Total LTB 72.5 3 On request On request -
Total LTB 170 3 11.5 m3 - 4 560
LTB 72.5 and 170E1, Single-pole operated, Three-column stand

cases LxWxH
72.5 170
m kg
LTB 72.5 Breaker poles 1 On request On request -
LTB 170 Breaker poles 1 4.54 x 1.90 x 0.97 - 3600
Operating mechanism 1 2.84 x 1.18 x 1.14 1000 950
Support structure 1 2.38 x 1.10 x 0.36 280 280
Total LTB 72.5 3 On request On request -
Total LTB 170 3 13.1 m3 - 4 830
LTB 245E1 - Three-pole operated

cases LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 5.90 x 1.90 x 0.97 3600
Total 3 14.0 m3 4 560
LTB 245E1 - Single-pole operated

cases LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 5.90 x 1.90 x 0.97 3600
Total 3 14.7 m3 4 830

Typical Shipping Data for Standard LTB E

LTB 420E2 - Single-pole operated 44 mm/kV, (25 mm/kV phase-phase voltage).
LxWxH
m kg
Breaker units 1 5.14 x 1.99 x 1.12 3600
Support column 1 5.22 x 1.90 x 0.90 2400
Operating mechanism 3 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 3 x (680)
(Capacitors if included) (1) (2.33 x 1.21 x 1.03) (1112)
Total 6 (7) 28.0 (30.9) m3 8520 (9632)

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker units 1 5.14 x 1.99 x 1.12 3600
Total 6 (7) 29.5 (32.4) m3 8 920 (10 032)

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker units 1 5.14 x 1.99 x 1.12 3600
Capacitors 1 2.33 x 1.21 x 1.03 1112
Total 7 32.4 m3 10 032
LTB 800E4 - Single-pole operated, (without PIR)

LxWxH
m kg
Breaking units 2 2 x (5.12 x 1.96 x 1.20) 2 x (3600)
Support column 2 2 x (7.79 x 1.90 x 0.90) 2 x (3500)
Support structure 6 6 x (3.71 x 0.80 x 0.84) 6 x (420)
Corona rings 2 2 x (2.18 x 1.28 x 1.40) 2 x (325)
Capacitors 2 2 x (2.33 x 1.21 x 1.03) 2 x (1060)
Total 19 87.6 m3 21 805

HPL Circuit Breaker Family Technical Information
Circuit Breakers type HPL B

Single pressure puffer interrupters providing unmatched switching secu-
fully utilize mechanical energy for rity under all system conditions from
both contact movement and gen- small reactive currents up to 80 kA full
eration of SF6 gas flow to cool and short-circuits. For many years, ABB
interrupt the arc. Deliveries of our has used operating mechanisms with
pure puffer SF6 interrupter date back energy mechanically stored in springs.
to 1970’s. ABB refined this technol- This solution offers considerable
ogy to produce the world’s highest advantages in that the energy in the
performance interrupter, the HPL B, tensioned springs is always available.
Brief performance data:

Installation Outdoor / (Indoor)
Design SF6 Puffer interrupter
Spring operating
mechanisms
Insulation SF6
Rated voltage Up to 800 kV
Rated current Up to 5,000 A
Breaking current Up to 80 kA
Short-time current Up to 63 kA/3 s
80 kA/1 s
Insulators Composite or
porcelain
Creepage distance 25 mm/kV, phase -
phase voltage
(Longer on request)
Service conditions:
(Operation in tem-
peratures down to
-60 or up to +70 °C
on request)
Design altitude 1,000 m.a.s.l.
(Higher altitudes on
request)
Type of operation Single- or Three-pole
K-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information HPL Circuit Breaker Family

Performance Rating plates
The well proven HPL designs provide un- A rating plate, which includes data for the
matched switching performance.The circuit circuit breaker, is placed on the side of the
breakers can handle high breaking currents operating mechanism cubicle. The rating plate
and are dielectrically tested for levels excee- is made of stainless steel with engraved text.
ding IEC and ANSI requirements.
The HPL has recently been verified, by Operating mechanism
type tests, to handle 420 and 550 kV without The circuit breaker is operated by motor
grading capacitors. The bennefit is a reliable charged spring operating mechanism(s), type
circuit breaker with less components and BLG, which is installed in a compact splash
less required maintenance. proof and corrosion resistant housing, at-
tached to the structure.
Material
The selected components of aluminum • One operating mechanism is used for
(mechanism housings, HV-terminals, cubic- three-pole operation for HPL 72.5 - 300 kV.
les) give a high degree of resistance to cor-
rosion, without the need of extra protection. • Three operating mechanisms are used for
For use in extreme trying environments HPL single-pole operation for HPL 72.5 - 550 kV.
can be delivered with a protective painting.
• Six operating mechanisms (two per pole)
The support structure and protective tubes for single-pole operation for HPL 800 kV.
for the pull rods are made of hot-dipped
galvanized steel. More detailed information about the oper-
ating mechanism type BLG can be found in
Insulators chapters G-1 and M-1 in this Buyer’s Guide.
HPL circuit breaker is as standard delivered
with insulators that consist of high-grade Sealing systems for SF6 volume
brown-glazed porcelain or composite insula- The sealing system consists of double nitrile
tors (light gray). rubber O-rings in all static seals and double
HPL with light gray porcelain can be deliv- X-rings in all dynamic seals.
ered on request. This type of sealings has been used in our
HPL is available as standard with long or circuit breakers for more than 30 years with
extra long creepage distances. excellent service record at varying climatic
Longer creepage distances can be quoted conditions.
on request. The SF6 gas leakage is less than 0.5% per
year.
More information about our composite
insulators can be found in chapter P-1. SF6 density monitoring
Since the interrupting capability is dependent
Mechanical strength on the density of the SF6 gas, the HPL circuit
The mechanical durability gives a sufficient breaker is provided with density monitor(s).
safety margin for normal wind loads and The density monitor consists of a tempera-
static and dynamic forces from conductors. ture compensated pressure switch. There-
Seismic withstand strength activated only if the pressure drops due to
All HPL circuit breakers can, in their standard leakage.
versions, withstand seismic accelerations
below 3 m/s2 (0.3 g) in accordance with All HPL circuit breakers have one density
IEC 62271-300, and below 2.5 m/s2 (0.25 g) monitor per pole.
in accordance with IEEE 693.
More information can be found in chapter
For higher acceleration see chapter S-1 B-1 “Explanations”
“Seismic Withstand Capability”.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 K-2


Climatic withstand Circuit breakers with vertically mounted
The HPL circuit breakers are designed for, breaking elements have terminals on both
and are installed in, widely shifting conditions sides for connection in either direction.
from polar to desert climate throughout the
world. Circuit breakers with horizontal breaking
elements have one terminal per breaking ele-
For circuit breakers installed in areas with ment. The terminals are directed upwards.
extreme low temperatures there is a risk of
condensation of the SF6 gas. Preinsertion Resistors (PIR)
In order to avoid condensation consequenc- HPL circuit breakers with more than one
es, one of the following gas-mixtures is used: breaking element per pole can be provided
• SF6 and N2 with preinsertion resistors for switching of
• SF6 and CF4 no-load lines.
Support structure Controlled switching devices

Support structures are included in the stan- The goal for controlled switching is to in-
dard versions of the HPL circuit breakers. crease power quality in the network systems
The support structure(s) is made of hot- by reducing switching transients.
dipped galvanized steel. All HPL circuit breakers are suitable for con-
Up to 550 kV the HPL circuit breakers are trolled switching with ABB:s Switchsync™
mounted on one support column per pole. device.
In order to obtain optimum result the
For HPL 800 kV two support columns per switching instants should be different for
pole are necessary. the three phases. For three-pole operated
circuit breakers this achieved with mechani-
For detailed information see “Dimensions” cally staggered poles. Since 1984 more than
2,300 Switchsync™ devices have been
The support structures are prepared for delivered.
connection to ground by means of drilled
holes on each leg. For further information see chapter Q-1,
“Controlled Switching”.
High voltage terminals
The HPL circuit breakers are as standard Condition monitoring
equipped with flat aluminum terminals with As an option we can offer supervisory control
thickness 28 mm and drilling pattern in ac- by means of our condition monitoring system.
cordance with IEC and NEMA standards. This is described in chapter R-1
Other dimensions (e.g. DIN) by means of
adapters are available on request.
40 40
D=14.5(13x) 44.5
22.25
23 28.5
40 44.5
125
40


Type tests Erection and commissioning
The HPL circuit breakers have been type Assembly instructions are provided with each
tested in accordance with IEC and/or ANSI delivery.
standards. Type test reports can be presen- Erection work at site can be done in 1-7
ted on request. days depending on HPL type and size.
Routine tests Filling of SF6 gas to specified rated pres-

All HPL circuit breakers are routine tested sure is done by using the following pressur-
before delivery. Our test program complies izing equipment, which can be delivered on
with IEC and ANSI standards. request:
For detailed information please see special • One special control valve, for connection to
chapter T-1 regarding “Quality Control and the gas bottle, and a 20 m gas-filled hose
Testing”. with connectors.
Transport • A complementary control valve for connec-

The HPL circuit breakers are normally tion to CF4 or N2 gas bottle (for mixed gas
packed and transported in seaworthy filling).
wooden crates.
When using the above gas equipment,
The circuit breaker poles with one breaking filling can be done without gas being re-
element per pole are transported as com- leased into the atmosphere.
plete units.
For illustration of gas filling equipment
For circuit breakers with two or more see page J-6.
breaking elements per pole, the number of
cases depends on the circuit breaker type. Maintenance
HPL is designed for a service life of more
For detailed information regarding weights than 30 years or 10,000 mechanical (no load)
and dimensions see “Shipping data”. operations. For current switching the number
of operations before service is dependent on
Breaking elements as well as support the interrupted current.
insulators are filled with SF6 gas at a slight Inspection, maintenance and overhaul
overpressure. should be carried out at regular intervals de-
pending on the ambient conditions and the
Arrival inspection number of operations.
On arrival the packaging and contents should The general actions are described below:
be checked against packing list.
In the event of damage to the goods, contact • 1-2 years:
ABB for advice, before further handling of the Ocular inspection
goods takes place.
Any damage ought to be documented • After 15 years or 5,000 mechanical
(photographed). operations:
Preventive maintenance including general
inspection of the circuit breaker and oper-
ating mechanism.
Operation test including measurement of
operating times and possible adjustments.


• 30 years or 10,000 mechanical operations: SF6 gas
A comprehensive inspection is recom- Gas for filling up to rated pressure can be de-
mended to give increased safety and livered in bottles, each containing 40 kg gas.
continued problem-free operation. The quantity required for each type of HPL
The inspection methods and scope de- varies from one circuit breaker type to an-
pend very much on the local conditions. other. This information is given in the tender.
The pressurizing equipment can be de-
For circuit breakers for special switching livered on request, and is described under
duties such as switching of reactor banks “Erection and Commissioning”.
overhaul of the breaking chamber should be
carried out more frequently. Brackets and primary connections
As optional equipment, HPL 72.5 - 170B1
Overhaul and repair work must be per- can be delivered with cantilever support
formed by authorized personnel only. brackets for current transformer IMB, and
primary connections between the circuit
The instructions in the manual for operation breaker and the current transformers moun-
and maintenance should be observed. ted on the brackets.
ABB is available for discussions and advice. Disposal

The disposal of wasted parts should be
Recommended spare parts carried out in accordance with local legal
High operation frequency (e.g. circuit break- provisions.
ers for reactor or capacitor switching) and/or The SF6 gas should not be released into
large quantities of circuit breakers: the athmosphere when the circuit breaker is
• Complete poles scrapped.
• Complete operating mechanisms The SF6 gas can be recycled.
• Sets of contacts
• Sets of gaskets The porcelain can, after it has been
• Density switches crushed, be used as fill.
• SF6 gas
The metals used in the circuit breaker can
Spare parts for the operating mechanisms be recycled.
BLG; see chapter M-1

S
ES R|
OT E
. OMT
US
#

Technical Data according to ANSI/IEEE

HPL 72.5B1
HPL 170B1
HPL 245B1
HPL 420B2
HPL 550B2
HPL 800B4
Number of breaks per pole 1 1 1 2 2 4
Rated voltage kV 72.5 170 245 362 550 800
Rated frequency Hz 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60
Power frequency withstand level 1)
- To earth (Dry/Wet) kV 160/140 365/315 425/350 555/- 860/- 960/-
- Across open pole (Dry/Wet) kV 160/140 365/315 425/350 555/- 860/- 960/-
Lightning Impulse
Withstand Level (LIWL)
-To earth kV 350 750 900 1300 1800 2050
- Across open pole kV 350 750 900 1300 1800 2050
Chopped Wave Impulse

Withstand Voltage
- To earth (2μs) kV 452 968 1160 1680 2320 2640
- Across open pole (2 μs) kV 452 968 1160 1680 2320 2640
Switching Impulse
-To earth kV - - - 825 1175 1425
- Across open pole kV - - - 900 1300 1550
Rated normal current A 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
Rated s.c breaking current kA 63 2) 63 2) 63 2) 63 2) 63 2) 63 2)
First-pole-to-clear factor 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3
Making current peak kA 158/164 158/164 158/164 158/164 158/164 158/164
Duration of short circuit s 3 3 3 3 3 3
Closing time ms <65 <65 <65 <65 <65 <65
Opening time ms <22 <22 <22 <22 <22 <22
Break time ms 33 33 33 33 33 33
Dead time ms 300 300 300 300 300 300
Rated operating sequence - O-0.3s-CO-3min-CO or CO-15s-CO

1)
2)
Short-circuit current ratings up to 80 kA available on request

Technical Data according to IEC

HPL 72.5B1
HPL 170B1
HPL 245B1
HPL 300B1
HPL 420B2
HPL 550B2
HPL 800B4
Number of breaks per pole 1 1 1 1 2 2 4
Rated voltage kV 72.5 170 245 300 420 550 800
Rated frequency Hz 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60
Power frequency
withstand level 1)
- To earth and between phases kV 140 325 460 380 520 620 830
- Across open pole kV 140 325 460 435 610 800 1150
Lightning Impulse
Withstand Level (LIWL)
-To earth and between phases kV 325 750 1050 1050 1425 1550 2100
1050 1425 1550 2100

- Across open pole kV 325 750 1050 (+170) (+240) (+315) (+455)
Switching Impulse
-To earth/Between phases kV - - - 850/1275 1050/1575 1175/1760 1550/2480
700 900 900 1175

- Across open pole kV - - - (+245) (+345) (+450) (+650)
Rated normal current A 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
Rated s.c breaking current kA 63 2) 63 2) 63 2) 63 2) 63 2) 63 2) 63 2)
First-pole-to-clear factor 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Making current peak kA 158/164 158/164 158/164 158/164 158/164 158/164 158/164
Duration of short circuit s 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Closing time ms <65 <65 <65 <65 <65 <65 <65
Opening time ms <22 <22 <22 <22 <22 <22 <22
Break time ms 33 33 33 33 33 33 33
Dead time ms 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
Rated operating sequence - O-0.3s-CO-3min-CO or CO-15s-CO
1)
2)
Short-circuit current ratings up to 80 kA available on request

Dimensions — HPL B
HPL B1
Dimensions (mm)
Rated
A B C D E F
voltage
72.5 kV 5213 1724 655 3270 1100 3600
170 kV 6063 1724 1505 4120 2500 6400
245 kV 6703 1914 1955 4570 3500 8400
300 kV 7163 2124 2205 4820 3500 8400

Rated
Phase distance
voltage
72.5 kV 1100* 1500 2500 3000 3500 4000
170 kV - - 2500* 3000 3500 4000
245 kV - - 2500 3000 3500* 4000
300 kV - - - 3000 3500* 4000
*) Standard
Rated
voltage
72.5-300 kV 1950 2508* 2992 3642 4142
*) Standard
HPL B1
Dimensions (mm) F
Rated E E
A B C D E* F 420
voltage
72.5 kV 5213 1724 655 3270 2500 6400
170 kV 6063 1724 1505 4120 2500 6400
B
245 kV 6703 1914 1955 4570 3500 8400
300 kV 7163 2124 2205 4820 3500 8400
*) Recommended phase distances
C
A
Available dimensions (mm)

D
Rated
voltage 2508
72.5-300 kV 1950 2508* 2992 3642 4142
*) Standard 752

HPL 420B2
Rated voltage: 362 - 420 kV
Available dimensions for heights to lowest part

of insulator (mm)
Rated
voltage
420 kV 1950 2508* 2992 3642 4142
*) Standard
HPL 550B2
(Without grading capacitors)
5288 680
of insulator (mm) 1914
Rated
voltage
550 kV 1950 2508* 2992 3642 4142
*) Standard
4135
8043
7571
2366 2508
752

HPL 800B4

of insulator (mm)
Rated
voltage
800 kV 3847
10100
795 795
1724
11001 5870
10642
3847
2086

Typical Shipping Data for Standard HPL B

HPL 72.5B1, Three-pole operated and Single-pole operated
LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 4.38 x 1.90 x 0.90 2800
Operating mechanism
1 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 680
Three-pole operated
Operating mechanism
3 (3) x 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 (3) x 680
Single-pole operated
Total
3 10.7 m3 3 760
Three-pole operated
Total
5 15.1 m3 5 120
HPL 170B1, Three-pole operated and Single-pole operated

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker Poles 1 5.23 x 1.90 x 0.90 2980
Operating mechanism
1 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 680
Three-pole operated
Operating mechanism
3 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 3 x (680)
Total
3 12.1 m3 3 940
Three-pole operated
Total
5 16.5 m3 5 300

LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 5.92 x 1.90 x 0.97 3320
Operating mechanism
1 1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12 680
Three-pole operated
Operating mechanism
3 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 3 x (680)
Total
3 14.1 m3 4 280
Three-pole operated
Total
5 18.5 m3 5 640


LxWxH
m kg
Breaker poles 1 6.38 x 1.90 x 0.97 4300
Operating mechanism
1 1.89 x 1.05 x 0.97 680
Three-pole operated
Operating mechanism
3 3 x (1.89 x 1.05 x 1.12) 3 x (680)
Total
3 15 m3 5 260
Three-pole operated
Total
5 19 m3 6 620
HPL 362-420B2, Single-pole operated,

44 mm/kV, (25 mm/kV phase-phase voltage).
LxWxH
m kg
Breaking elements 1 4.72 x 1.99 x 1.20 3500
Total 6 (7) 41 (43) m3 8 420 (9 260)
HPL 362-420TB2, Single-pole operated,

44 mm/kV, (25 mm/kV phase-phase voltage). (With PIR)
LxWxH
m kg
Breaking elements incl. PIR 3 3 x (4.74 x 1.85 x 1.22) 3 x (2150)

Total 8 (9) 49 (51) m3 11 370 (12 210)
PIR = PreInsertion Resistors

HPL 362-420B2, Single-pole operated,

55 mm/kV, (31 mm/kV phase-phase voltage). (Without PIR)
LxWxH
m kg
Total 6 (7) 28.3 (31.2) m3 8 820 (9 660)
HPL 362-420TB2, Single-pole operated,

55 mm/kV, (31 mm/kV phase-phase voltage). (With PIR)
LxWxH
m kg
Total 8 (9) 48.5 (51.4) m3 13 120 (13 960)
HPL 550B2, Single-pole operated. (Without PIR)

LxWxH
m kg
(Corona rings if included) (1) (2.6 x 1.33 x 1.22) (320)
Total 6 (8) 29.5 (35.9) m3 8 920 (10 432)


HPL 550TB2, Single-pole operated. (With PIR)
LxWxH
m kg
Capacitors 1 2.36 x 1.29 x 1.12 1192
Total 9 57.2 m3 14 312
HPL 800B4, Single-pole operated. (Without PIR)

LxWxH
m kg
Breaking elements 2 2 x (4.72 x 1.99 x 1.20) 2 x (3500)
Capacitors 2 2 x (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91 2 x (840)
Total 19 108.8 m3 21 740
HPL 800TB4, Single-pole operated. (With PIR)

LxWxH
m kg
Capacitors 2 2 x (1.98 x 1.21 x 0.91 2 x (840)
Total 21 147.16 m3 27 380

Technical Information BLK Operating Mechanism
Spring Operating Mechanism type BLK

BLK is characterized by a well-proven reliability for the circuit breaker and
technology (more than 35,000 units are a minimal need of maintenance.
in service). This proven technology Mechanical life tests have been
is efficiently combined with modern performed with 10,000 operations.
manufacturing methods and a low BLK is designed for widely shif-
number of mechanical components. ting conditions, from polar to desert
This ensures a high degree of total climate.
Brief performance data

Installation Outdoor
Design Spring operated
For circuit breaker LTB D1
LTB E1 (Single-pole
operated)
Service conditions:
Ambient temperature -50 °C to +40 °C
(Other on request)
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 L-1

BLK Operating Mechanism Technical Information
Spring Operating Mechanism type BLK

Material Storage
The housing is made of corrosion resistant, The operating mechanism shall preferably be
painted aluminum. stored indoors in a dry building. When stored
Front and back doors are equipped with outdoors the internal heater should be used
doorstops and pad lock provisions on door to prevent condensation.
handles.
The doors and walls are insulated for low Tools
heat energy consumption and low noise Special tools for assembling and service are
level. placed on the inner side of the rear door.
Rating plates Maintenance

A rating plate, which includes data for the The maintenance requirements are small,
circuit breaker, is placed on the front door. as BLK is designed for a service life of more
The rating plate is made of stainless steel than 30 years.
with engraved text. Normally it is sufficient with ocular inspec-
tion every 1-2 years and some lubrication
Instructions after 15 years or 5,000 operations.
With each delivery of circuit breakers, there is A more detailed check is recommended af-
an extensive product manual that will guide ter 30 years of service or 10,000 operations.
the user how to assemble and handle the
apparatus during its lifetime. Overhaul and repair work must be per-
Instructions, product manual, circuit formed by authorized personnel only.
diagram and other documents are placed in
a compartment inside the front door of the The instructions in the manual for operation
operating mechanism. and maintenance should be observed. This
ensures a continued problem-free operation.
Transport
BLK for single- and three-pole operation is Disposal
normally packed and transported in a sepa- The disposal should be carried out in accor-
rate seaworthy wooden crate. dance with local legal provisions.
The operating mechanism is easy to dis-
Arrival inspection - unpacking mantle and the metal parts can be recycled.
Please check the contents and packaging
with regard to transport damage immediately
on arrival. In the event of any material miss-
ing or damage to the goods, contact ABB for
advice, before further handling of the goods
takes place.
Any damage should be documented (photo-
graphed).
The operating mechanism must be lifted

using the lifting eyes on top of the cabinet.
Slings must not be placed around the cabi-
net when lifting.
All packing material can be recycled.
L-2 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Electrical Functions
The principle function of the mechanism’s Heater circuits
electrical components is shown in the The operating mechanism is provided with
elementary diagram on next page. an anti-condensation heater.
To ensure reliable operation at low tem-
Closing circuit peratures the mechanism is provided with a
The closing coil (Y3) can be activated electri- thermostat-controlled heater unit (BT1, E2).
cally by means of local or remote control. Alternatively, in climatic conditions with
When the circuit breaker is in closed position, high humidity, the mechanism can be pro-
the closing circuit is interrupted by the auxil- vided with moisture detector.
iary contact (BG).
Terminal blocks
Tripping circuits The terminal blocks are the user’s interface
The mechanism is provided with two inde- to the control circuits and connect the inter-
pendent trip coils (Y1 and Y2). The mecha- nal wiring.
nism can be operated electrically through lo- Standard terminal blocks are compression
cal or remote control. With the circuit breaker type in which a bare wire end is compressed
in the open position, the tripping circuits are between two metallic plates in the terminal.
interrupted by the auxiliary contact (BG).
Circuits for supply to motor and AC
Interlocks auxiliaries are normally connected to 6 mm2
The contact on the density switch (BD) through-terminals. (Entrelec M6/8)
actuates the auxiliary relays (K9, K10), which
block the operating impulse if the density of The signal circuits are connected to 4 mm2
the SF6 gas is too low. The antipumping relay through-terminals. (Entrelec M4/6)
(K3) blocks any remaining closing impulse
after the breaker has completed a closing As options the 6 mm2 terminals can be of the
operation. disconnectable type.
The density of the SF6 gas and condition (Entrelec M6/8.STA)
of the operating mechanism is monitored
electrically, given the following (remote) indi- All terminals can be protected with a trans-
cations: parent cover.
• Topping up of SF6 gas is recommended
(alarm level) Internal wiring
• Density of the SF6 gas is too low The cabling in the operating mechanism is
(blocking level) normally carried out with PVC-insulated
• Indication of charged spring 1.5 mm2 cables.
As an option flameproof, halogen free cable

can be provided.

Electrical functions
Control circuits BLK CCC Control circuits BLK CCC

BD Signal contact of density switch X K12 Auxiliary relay (spring uncharged) X
BG Auxiliary contact X K13 Auxiliary relay (spring charged) X
BT1 Thermostat X M Motor X
BW Limit switch X Q1 Contactor X
E Heater X Q1.A-C Contactor X
E1 Heater X S1 Control switch (trip/close) X X
E2 Heater X S3 Selector switch (pole select) X
F1 Direct-on-line motor starter (MCB) X S4 Selector switch (local/remote/disconn.) X X
F1.A-C Direct-on-line motorstarter (MCB) X Y1, Y2 Tripping coil X
Miniature circuit breaker, AC auxiliary Y3 Closing coil X
F2 X X
circuit
Blocking contact
Y7 X
K3 Anti-pumping relay X X (Hand crank adapted)
K9, K10 Interlocking relay, trip X X K25 Signal relay, low gas X
K11 Interlocking relay, close X
NOTE! CCC = Central Control Cubicle is only applicable on single-pole operated circuit breakers.
CLOSE TRIP 1 TRIP 2
S1
S4
BD
BW2 BW1 BD
K3 BG
K12
K3
K9 K10
BG
K13
BG BG Y7 BG
Y3 Y1 Q1 Y2
SIGNALS MOTOR HEATER
Circuit diagram shows -/N +/L N L

operating mechanism BD K9 K10 F2
when circuit breaker is in F1
normal service condition,
i.e. pressurized, closing BT1
spring charged, in S4 S1
closed position, in motor
charging position, and Q1 E1 E2
with selector switch in K12
remote position. BG K13 M
K25
Y7 N = Neutral
L = Live
BLK Circuit Diagram

CONTROL CIRCUITS
SIGNALS MOTOR
N = Neutral
L = Live
Fine line shows Central Control Cubicle
HEATER Circuit diagram shows

operating mechanism
when circuit breaker is in
normal service condition,
i.e. pressurized, closing
spring charged, in
closed position, in motor
charging position, and
with selector switch in
remote position.
Circuit diagram shows three operating mechanisms BLK with one control cubicle.

Technical Data
Motor
Universal motor*) for 110 - 125 or 220 - 250V, AC or DC
Rated Starting current Normal Current
voltage peak value at DC
(max) (approximately)
V A A
110 60 ** 16
220 30 ** 8
*) Please note that the motor contactor is either AC or DC type.
**) Depending on power source.
Power consumption (approximately) 900W

Spring charging time ≤ 15 s
Operating coils
Operating Rated Power consumption
coils voltage (approximately)
V (DC) W
110 - 125
Closing 200
220 - 250
110 - 125
Tripping 200
220 - 250
Auxiliary contacts
Rated Rated Making Breaking
voltage current current current
DC AC
L/R = 40 ms Cos ϕ = 0.95
V A A A A
110 25 20 4 25
220 25 10 2 25
The operating mechanism normally includes 8 NO and 8 NC spare
auxiliary contacts.
Heating elements
Rated Power consumption
voltage Continuously Thermostatically
connected controlled
BLK CCC BLK/CCC
V W W W
110 - 127 70 140 140
220 - 254 70 140 140
The voltage range for motor, control and auxiliaries fulfills the
requirements according to IEC and ANSI C37 standards.
Other ratings for motor, coils, auxiliary contacts and

heating elements can be provided.

Design Data
BLK CCC
Dimensions (mm) 640 x 770 x 880 850 x 1015 x 497
Weight (kg) 205 195
Material of housing Aluminium
Thickness (mm) 2
Color Grey, RAL 7032
Temperature range (°C) -50 to +40
Degree of protection As per IEC 60529: IP55
Supply, control, motor and AC circuits through 6 mm2 block.
Terminal blocks
Signal circuits through 4 mm2 block
Cable entry flange (mm) Size FL 33: 102 x 306
Earthing clamp For conductors with maximum 13 mm diameter
Internal cable 1.5 mm2 PVC insulated cable
Fig. 1. BLK Fig. 2. Earthing Clamp
Front View
Lifting
Beams
Spring
Indication
Fig. 3. Cable Entry Flange (FL 33)
Counter
See fig. 2
Bottom View
See fig. 2
Lifting Beams
See fig. 3

Design Data
Optional equipment Mechanical life tests have been performed
• Manual mechanical trip push-button - In- with 10,000 operations.
side or outside cubicle Before delivery each operating mecha-
• Additional auxiliary contacts - 6 NO + 6 NC nism together with the corresponding circuit
• Trip circuit supervision breaker has to pass routine tests according
• Internal light with door switch to current standards.
• Socket outlet For each circuit breaker together with its
• Position indicating lights operating mechanism a routine test report is
• Extra heater with MCB - Moisture detector issued showing the actual test result.
control
• Provision for key interlock (Castell, Fortress Recommended spare parts for
or Kirk) BLK
• Extra closing coil Applicable for circuit breakers for frequent
• Lockable operating switches switching duty, e.g. switching capacitor- or
• Protective cover for terminal block reactor-banks.
• Catchgear with closing coil (or separate coil)
Tests • Catchgear with tripping coils (or separate
The BLK mechanism has together with the coil)
corresponding circuit breaker, passed type • Heater
tests in accordance with applicable IEC and • Motor contactor
ANSI standards. • Auxiliary relays

Technical Information BLG Operating Mechanism
Spring Operating Mechanism type BLG

The design of BLG is a well-proven minimal need of maintenance.
technology (Over 50,000 units are Mechanical life tests have been
in service). This proven technology performed with 10,000 operations.
is efficiently combined with modern BLG is the answer to the demands
manufacturing methods. of today and tomorrow and designed
This ensures a high degree of total for widely shifting conditions, from
reliability for the circuit breaker and a polar to desert climate.

For circuit breaker LTB E1 (Three-pole
operated)
LTB E2
LTB E4
HPL B
Service conditions:
(Other on request)
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 M-1

BLG Operating Mechanism Technical Information
Spring Operating Mechanism type BLG

Material Tools
The housing is made of corrosion resistant, Special tools for assembling and service are
painted aluminum. placed on the backside of the rear door.
Front and back doors are equipped with
doorstops and pad lock provisions on door Maintenance
handles. The maintenance requirements are small,
The doors and walls are insulated for low as BLG is designed for a service life of more
heat energy consumption and low noise than 30 years.
level. Normally it is sufficient with ocular inspection
every 1-2 years.
Rating plates
A rating plate, which includes data for the Preventive inspection is recommended
circuit breaker, is placed on the side of the after 15 years or 5,000 operations.
cabinet.
The rating plate is made of stainless steel A more detailed check is recommended af-
with engraved text. ter 30 years of service or 10,000 operations.
Instructions Overhaul and repair work must be per-

With each delivery of circuit breakers, there is formed by authorized personnel only.
an extensive product manual that will guide
the user how to handle the apparatus during The instructions in the manual for operation
its lifetime. Instructions, product manual, and maintenance should be observed. This
circuit diagram and other documents are ensures a continued problem-free operation.
placed in a compartment inside the back
door of the operating mechanism. Disposal
The disposal should be carried out in accor-
Transport dance with local legal provisions.
BLG is normally packed and transported in a The metals used in BLG can be recycled.
separate seaworthy wooden box.
Arrival inspection - Unpacking

with regard to transport damage immediately
on arrival. In the event of any material miss-
ing or damage to the goods, contact ABB for
takes place.
Any damage should be documented (photo-
graphed).
The operating mechanism must be lifted

using the lifting eyes on top of the cabinet.
Slings must not be placed around the cabi-
net when lifting.
Storage
The operating mechanism shall preferably be
stored indoors in a dry building. When stored
outdoors, the box should be opened to pro-
mote the exchange of air and the internal heater
should be used to prevent condensation.
M-2 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

The principle function of the mech- Heater circuits
anism’s electrical components is The operating mechanism is provided with
shown in the elementary diagram on an anti-condensation heater.
next page.
peratures the mechanism is provided with a
Closing circuit thermostat-controlled heater unit (BT1, E2).
The closing coil (Y3) can be activated electri- Alternatively, in climatic conditions with
cally by means of local or remote control. high humidity, the mechanism can be pro-
When the circuit breaker is in closed posi- vided with moisture detector.
tion, the closing circuit is interrupted by the
auxiliary contact (BG). Terminal blocks
The terminal blocks are the user’s interface to
Tripping circuits the control circuits and connect the internal
The mechanism is provided with two inde- wiring.
pendent trip coils (Y1 and Y2). The mecha- Standard terminal blocks are compression
nism can be operated electrically through lo- type in which a bare wire end is compressed
cal or remote control. With the circuit breaker between two metallic plates in the terminal.
in the open position, the tripping circuits are Circuits for supply to contol, motor and AC
interrupted by the auxiliary contact (BG). auxiliaries are normally connected to 6 mm2
disconnectable terminals. (Entrelec M6/8.STA)
Interlocks
The contact on the density switch (BD) The signal circuits are connected to 4 mm2
actuates the auxiliary relays (K9, K10), which through-terminals. (Entrelec M4/6)
block the operating impulse if the density of
the SF6 gas is too low. The antipumping relay All terminals can be protected with a trans-
(K3) blocks any remaining closing impulse parent cover.
after the breaker has completed a closing
operation. Internal wiring
The density of the SF6 gas and condition The cabling in the operating mechanism
of the operating mechanism is monitored is normally carried out with PVC-insulated
electrically, given the following (remote) indi- cables.
cations: The dimensions are 2.5 mm2 for motor-
• Topping up of SF6 gas is recommended circuits and 1.5 mm2 for control- and
(alarm level) auxiliary-circuits.
• Density of the SF6 gas is too low
(blocking level) As an option flameproof, halogen free
• Direct-on-line motor starter switched off cable can be provided.
• Indication of charged springs

Control circuits Control circuits

BD Signal contact of density switch K25 Signal relay, low gas
BG Auxiliary contact M, M.1 Motor
BT1 Thermostat Q1, Q1.1 Contactor
BW Limit switch S1 Switch, trip/close
E1, E2 Heater S4 Selector switch (local/remote/disconn.)
F1, F1.1 Direct-on-line motor starter (MCB) Y1, Y2 Tripping coil
Miniature circuit breaker, Y3 Closing coil
F2
AC auxiliary circuit Blocking contact
Y7
K3 Anti-pumping relay (Hand crank adapted)
K9, K10 Interlocking relay, trip, close
CLOSE TRIP 1 TRIP 2
Two motors are

S1 used in the BLG
SPO = Single-pole operated SPO when larger spring
S4
TPO = Three-pole operated TPO energy is required.
BD BD
K3 BG
K9
K3 K10
BW
BG BG BG
Y3 Y1 Y2
SIGNALS MOTOR HEATER Circuit diagram shows

-/N +/L N L operating mechanism when
circuit breaker is in normal
BD K9 K10 F2
service condition, i.e.
F1.1
pressurized, closing spring
BT1 charged, in closed position, in
S4 S1 Y7 motor charging position, and
with selector switch in remote
BW E1 E2 position.
BG BW Q1.1
Q1
K25
M.1 M
Y7 Y7 N = Neutral
L = Live
BLG circuit diagram

Technical Data
Motor
Universal motor*) for 110 - 125 or 220 - 250V, AC or DC
Rated Starting current Normal current
V A A
110 20 - 45 ** 12 - 30 ***
220 10 - 30 ** 6 - 15 ***
*
)
Please note that the motor contactor is either AC or DC type.
**) Depending on power source.
Peak value during first 0.1 s is in general 3 times charge current.
***) Depending on spring setup.
Operating coils
V (DC) W
110 - 125
Closing 200
220 - 250
110 - 125
Tripping 200
220 - 250
Auxiliary contacts
DC AC
L/R = 40 ms Cos ϕ = 0.95
V A A A A
110 25 20 4 25
220 25 10 2 25
The operating mechanism normally includes 9 NO and

11 NC spare auxilliary contacts. If TCS is provided the
operating mechanism normally includes 9 NO and 9 NC
spare auxiliary contacts.
Heating elements
Rated Power consumption -40 °C
voltage Continuosly Thermostatically
V (AC) W W
110 - 127 70 140 *
220 - 254 70 140 *
*) 2 x 140 W for -55 ºC
Other ratings for motor, coils, auxiliary contacts and

heating elements can be provided.

Design Data
Dimensions (mm) 682 x 760 x 1747

Weight (kg) 465
Thickness (mm) 2
Temperature range (°C) -55 to +40
Supply, motor and AC circuits, disconnectable 6 mm2 block.
Terminal blocks
Signal circuits through 4 mm2 block.
Cable connection Size FL 33: 102 x 306
Motor circuits 2.5 mm2 PVC-insulated cable.
Internal cable
Otherwise 1.5 mm2 PVC-insulated cable.
BLG
Front View SIDE Side
VIEWView
845
96 14x20
16.5x30
136
102.5
102
1522
450
28
231 59
353
Bottom View 760
Cable Entry Flange (FL 33)

D=9
760
80
80 100
R603 292
295

Design Data
Optional equipment Before delivery each operating mechanism
• Manual mechanical trip push-button - together with the corresponding circuit
Inside or outside cubicle breaker has to pass routine tests according
• Additional auxiliary contacts - 6 NO + 6 NC to current standards.
• Trip circuit supervision For each circuit breaker together with its
• Internal light with door switch operating mechanism a routine test report is
• Socket outlet issued showing the actual test result.
• Position indicating lights
• Extra heater - Moisture detector control Recommended spare parts for
• Provision for key interlock (Castell, Fortress BLG
or Kirk) Applicable for circuit breakers for frequent
• Extra closing coil switching duty, e.g. switching capacitor- or
• Lockable operating switches reactor-banks.
• Protective cover for terminal block • Catchgear with closing coil (or separate coil)
• Catchgear with tripping coils (or separate coil)
Tests • Heater
The BLG mechanism has together with the • Motor with driving unit
corresponding circuit breaker, passed type • Motor contactor
tests in accordance with applicable IEC and • Auxiliary relays
ANSI standards.
Mechanical life tests have been performed
with 10,000 operations.

S
ES R|
OT E
. OMT
US
#

Technical Information FSA1 Operating Mechanism
Spring Operating Mechanism type FSA1

The design of FSA1 is a well-proven minimal need of maintenance.
technology (Thousands of units are Mechanical life tests have been
in service). This proven technology performed with 10,000 operations.
is efficiently combined with modern FSA1 is the answer to the demands
manufacturing methods. of today and tomorrow and designed
This ensures a high degree of total for widely shifting conditions, from
reliability for the circuit breaker and a polar to desert climate.

For circuit breaker ED
LTB D1
Service conditions:
(Other on request)
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 N-1

FSA1 Operating Mechanism Technical Information
Spring Operating Mechanism type FSA1

Material Storage
The housing is made of corrosion resistant, The operating mechanism shall preferably be
painted aluminum. stored indoors in a dry building. When stored
The doors are equipped with doorstops and outdoors the internal heater should be used
pad lock provisions on door handles. to prevent condensation.
If it is planned to store the unit, an external
Rating plates connection to the internal heater is provided.
A rating plate, which includes data for the
circuit breaker, is placed on the front door. Tools
The rating plate is made of stainless steel Special tools for assembling and service are
with engraved text. placed on the backside of the front door.
Instructions Maintenance
With each delivery of circuit breakers, there is The maintenance requirements are small, as
an extensive product manual that will guide FSA1 is designed for a service life of more
the user how to handle the apparatus during than 30 years.
its lifetime. Instructions, product manual, Normally it is sufficient with ocular inspection
circuit diagram and other documents are every 1-2 years.
placed in a compartment inside the front
door of the operating mechanism. Preventive inspection is recommended after
15 years or 5,000 operations.
Transport
FSA1 is packed assembled on polebeam or A more detailed check is recommended after
in separate box. Both alternatives in sea 30 years of service or 10,000 operations.
worthy wooden boxes for transport.
Overhaul and repair work must be per-
Arrival inspection - unpacking formed by authorized personnel only.
with regard to transport damage immediately The instructions in the manual for operation
on arrival. In the event of any material miss- and maintenance should be observed. This
ing or damage to the goods, contact ABB for ensures a continued problem-free operation.
takes place. Disposal
Any damage should be documented (photo- The disposal should be carried out in accor-
graphed). dance with local legal provisions.
The metals used in FSA1 can be recycled.
If the FSA1 is packed separately the operat-
ing mechanism must be lifted using the lifting
eyes on top of the cabinet. Slings must not
be placed around the cabinet when lifting.
N-2 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

The principle function of the mech- Heater circuits
anism’s electrical components is The operating mechanism is provided with
shown in the elementary diagram on an anti-condensation heater.
next page.
peratures the mechanism is provided with a
Central control cubicle, CCC thermostat-controlled heater unit (BT1, E2).
Local operation and connections from the
control room are made at the central con- Terminal blocks
trol cubicle, CCC. The single-pole operated The terminal blocks are the user’s interface to
LTB D with FSA1 has a CCC that is integra- the control circuits and connect the internal
ted with the B-phase operating mechanism. wiring.
This solution is sometimes referred to as Standard terminal blocks are compression
master-slave solution. The cabling from the type in which a bare wire end is compressed
CCC out to the operating mechanisms are between two metallic plates in the terminal.
as standard assembled and tested together Circuits for supply to motor and AC auxilia-
with the circuit breaker in the factory. This ries are normally connected to 6 mm2 dis-
gives an optimized solution, that saves time connectable terminals. (Entrelec M6/8.STA)
for cabling and installation work at site.
The signal circuits are connected to 4 mm2
Closing circuit through-terminals. (Entrelec M4/6)
The closing coil (Y3) can be activated electri-
cally by means of local or remote control. All terminals can be protected with a trans-
When the circuit breaker is in closed posi- parent cover.
tion, the closing circuit is interrupted by the
auxiliary contact (BG). Internal wiring
The cabling in the operating mechanism
Tripping circuits is normally carried out with PVC-insulated
The mechanism is provided with two inde- 1.5 mm2 cables.
pendent trip coils (Y1 and Y2). The mecha-
nism can be operated electrically through lo- As an option flameproof, halogen free cable
cal or remote control. With the circuit breaker can be provided.
in the open position, the tripping circuits are
interrupted by the auxiliary contact (BG).
Interlocks
The contact on the density switch (BD)
actuates the auxiliary relays (K9, K10, K11),
which block the operating impulse if the den-
sity of the SF6 gas is too low. The antipump-
ing relay (K3) blocks any remaining closing
impulse after the breaker has completed a
closing operation.
The density of the SF6 gas and condition of
the operating mechanism is monitored elec-
trically, given the following (remote) indica-
tions:
• Topping up of SF6 gas is recommended
(alarm level)
• Density of the SF6 gas is too low
(blocking level)
• Direct-on-line motor starter switched off Combined CCC and operating mechansim for
• Indication of charged springs single-pole operation with FSA1

Control Discription Circuits
BD Density switch Signal contact of density switch in trip and close circuit
BG Auxiliary contact Interrupting contact, close and trip circuit
BT1 Thermostat AC auxiliary circuit
BW Limit switch Signal contact
E1, E2 Heater AC auxiliary circuit
F1.A-C Miniature circuit breaker (MCB) Direct on-line motor starter. Motor circuit
F2 Miniature circuit breaker (MCB) AC auxiliary circuit
K3 Anti-pumping relay Close circuit
K9, K10 Interlocking relay, trip Trip circuit
K11 Interlocking relay, close Close circuit
K25 Auxiliary relay Gas supervision, Alarm signal
M1 Motor Motor circuit
S1 Control switch Close and trip circuit
S3 Selector switch Close circuit
S4 Selector switch Close and trip circuit
Y1, Y2 Tripping coil Trip circuit
Y3 Closing coil Close circuit
Circuit diagrams shows operating mechanism when circuit breaker is in “off” position, not
pressurised, closing springs uncharged, no power supply connected and selector switch in
position LOCAL.
Electrical functions for single-pole operation is shown.

At three-pole operation only the circuits marked with B are used.
Motor circuit AC Auxiliary circuit

Standard Standard
-/N +/L -/N +/L -/N +/L N L
F2
F1
BT1
E1/E2
BW1
M M M
-/~ -/~ -/~
(A) B (C) (A) B (C)

Close circuit Signals

Standard Standard
C+ + -
BG
S1
BW
S4
S1
K11
K3
S3
R LD
S4
(S3)
BW1
(A) B (C)
K9 K10 K11 K25
BG1
Y3
F1.A F1.B F1.C F2
(A) B (C)
Trip circuit 1 Trip circuit 2

Standard Standard
TCS T1+ + - TCS T2+ + -
BD1 BD1
S1
S4
S4
K25
K11
K10
K9
BG1 BG1
Y2
Y1
(A) B (C)
(A) B (C)

Technical Data
Motor
Universal motor for 110 - 125 or 220 - 250V, AC or DC
Rated Starting current Normal current
V A A
110 20 * 8 **
220 10 * 4.5 **
*) Depending on power source.
**) Depending on spring setup.
Operating coils
V (DC) W
110 - 125
Closing 500
220 - 250
110 - 125
Tripping 500
220 - 250
Auxiliary contacts
DC AC
L/R = 40 ms Cos ϕ = 0.95
V A A A A
110 25 20 4 25
220 25 10 2 25
The operating mechanism normally includes 7 NO and

7 NC spare auxilliary contacts.
Heating elements
Rated Power consumption
voltage Continuosly Thermostatically
V (AC) W W
110-127 70 140
220-254 70 140

Design Data
Dimensions (mm)
Single-pole operated Master: 770 x 575 x 1473, Slave: 595 x 453 x 1023
Three-pole operated 701 x 605 x 1022
Weight (kg)
Single-pole operated Master: 177, Slave 142
Three-pole operated 150
Thickness (mm) 2
Temperature range (°C) -50 to +40 (Other on request)
Supply, motor and AC circuits, disconnectable 6 mm2 block.
Terminal blocks
Signal circuits through 4 mm2 block.
Cable connection
Single-pole operated master 2 x (218 x 76)
Three-pole operated 2 x (180 x 80)
Internal cable 1.5 mm2 PVC-insulated cable.
Optional equipment Before delivery each operating mechanism

• Manual mechanical trip - Inside cubicle together with the corresponding circuit
• Trip circuit supervision breaker has to pass routine tests according
• Internal light with door switch to current standards.
• Socket outlet For each circuit breaker together with its
• Position indicating lights operating mechanism a routine test report is
• Extra closing coil issued showing the actual test result.
• Lockable operating switches
• Protective cover for terminal block Recommended spare parts for
• Under voltage relay FSA1
• Pole discrepancy Applicable for circuit breakers for frequent
switching duty, e.g. switching capacitor- or
Tests reactor-banks.
The FSA1 mechanism has together with the • Catchgear with closing coil (or separate coil)
corresponding circuit breaker, passed type • Catchgear with tripping coils (or separate coil)
tests in accordance with applicable IEC and • Heater
ANSI standards. • Motor with driving unit
Mechanical life tests have been performed • Auxiliary relays
with 10,000 operations. • Limit switches

Design Data, Single-pole operated

Front View Side View
576
224 320 199 234
80
1448
Central Control Cubicle

1368
(Master)
25 96 96
15
680 42 455
764
Bottom View
770

533
595 453
110 320 75 234
80
76 (2x)
218 (2x)
1023
918
A-, C-phase operating mechanism

(Slave)
25
547 10
375
Bottom View

Design Data, Three-pole operated

605
182 320 75 234
80
19
1022
917
25
35 20
636 477
Bottom View
701
684
180 (2x)
80 (2x)
555

MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism Technical Information
Motor Operated Mechanism type Motor Drive™

Focusing on our customers’ needs for Motor Drive™ sets new standards in cir-
the new millennium ABB introduces a cuit breaker technology and function.
revolutionary new solution for operation Increased operational endurance. 10,000
of high voltage circuit breakers: operations or 30 years of service with
Motor Drive™. minimum inspection and maintenance.
• Only one (1) moving part in the drive • Low operation forces
• Low stable power consumption • Simple installation without adjustment
• Extremely low noise level • Advanced self-monitoring system

Installation Outdoor/Indoor
Design Digitally controlled
motor
For circuit breaker At present available for:
LTB D
Service conditions:
(Operation in other
temperatures on
request)
O-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information MD Motor Drive Operating Mechanism
Technical Data
Power supply Heating element
Input Rated voltage (V) 1)
Power consumption
110 - 250 V DC (70% — 110%) Rated voltage Thermostatically controlled
1 and 2
220 - 240 V AC (70% — 110%) (V, AC/DC) Placed in Control cubicle
1)
There is one supply which has priority (supply 1) which will be used if it is 110 - 230 2 x 100 W (at 20°C)
present, the change to secondary supply (supply 2) is automatically done without
interruption.
Test voltage 1 min. 50 Hz
Maximum power required at rated supply voltage Circuit Voltage (kV)
During startup of On-line without During and Voltage supply 2
the system operations immediately
following a single Control circuits 2
operation Outputs 2
< 10s Heating element 2
< 100 ms, 550 W
< 100 W < 400 W
< 60 s, 350 W Operating times
Opening times 22 ms
Control circuits
Closing times 45 ms
Control circuit Rated voltage Current or power
O - 0.3 s - CO - 3 min - CO
(V DC) Rated operating sequence
CO - 15 s - CO
110 160 mA during the
Close input
220 on request first 3 ms, then 3 mA Dimensions
110 160 mA during the Control cubicle
Trip input
220 on request first 3 ms, then 3 mA
Dimension (mm) 885 x 1345 x 787
110 160 mA during the
Others Weight (kg) 190
220 on request first 3 ms, then 3 mA
Thickness 2 mm aluminium
Outputs Color Grey (RAL 7032)
Output Nom. rated Breaking Max. Temperature range -50 °C to +70 °C
current capacity Breaking
Resistive load current Degree of protection As per IEC 60529: IP55
(A) (V DC) (A) Supply, control and AC-circuits
Indication 110 0.45 Terminal blocks isolatable 6 mm2 block.
16 Signal circuits through 4 mm2 block.
closed position 250 0.35
Indication open 110 0.45 Cable-entry flange Size FL33, two flanges
16 (mm) 2 x (102 x 306)
position 250 0.35
Indication For conductor with
110 0.45 Earthing clamp
circuit breaker 16 max. 13 mm diameter
250 0.35
fault Internal cable 1.5 mm2 PVC insulated cable
110 0.45
Others 16
250 0.35 Testing
The motor drive has successfully passed the following
Serial communication port type tests
Output Connector type Compatible Mechanical, High/Low temperature
optical fibre and power according IEC and ANSI
62.5/125 µm EMC according IEC and EN
Fibre output ST
nom. 820 nm
Mechanical life tests have been performed with 10,000 operations.
Before delivery each motor drive has to pass routine tests con-
forming to current standards. For each circuit breaker a routine
test report is issued showing the actual test result.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 O-2

Composite Insulators Technical Information
Composite Insulators
ABB has developed a full range of high Color
voltage equipment including surge The (SIR) insulators for the circuit breakers
arresters, instrument transformers and are delivered in light gray color.
circuit breakers with high performance
Applications
and robust composite insulation as an Composite insulators are used for the follow-
alternative to porcelain. Use of com- ing types of ABB live tank circuit breakers:
posite insulators provides new pos-
sibilities for substation designers to LTB 72.5 - 800 kV
improve safety and availability. HPL 72.5 - 800 kV
General Completed tests performed

Composite insulators with silicone rubber On insulator
sheds (SIR) offer many advantages over
Accelerated ageing test (1,000 h)
traditional porcelain insulators:
UV radiation tests
Non-brittle Natural pollution test
• Lower transport and handling risk
On circuit breaker
• Lower in-service risks
• Low risk for damages by vandalism Seismic test
Overpressure test
Low weight
Shatter test
• Easier handling
• Reduced foundation loads Dielectric test
• Excellent seismic withstand Short-time current test
High and low temperature test
Hydrophobic
• Less maintenance
• Suppressed leakage currents
LTB Circuit Breaker Demands on composite insulator 1
with composite Demands on insulators used for gas in-

insulator. sulated live tank circuit breakers are high 2
with respect to mechanical loads as well as
electrical stresses. The insulator shall also
withstand the decomposed SF6 gas and the 3
heat developed during current interruption. 4
ABB manufacturing techniques

The supporting part of the insulator consists
of a cross-laminated fiberglass reinforced
epoxy tube, joined to metal end flanges. The
glass fibers on the inner surface of the hollow
insulator are protected against the influence
of the SF6 decomposition products by a liner
of epoxy, reinforced with polyester fibers.
The patented helical extrusion moulded
silicone rubber insulator without joints
(chemical bonds between spirals) is attached
to the tube by the spiral winding process,
developed by ABB. It minimizes electrical Main parts of ABB´s composite insulator:
field concentrations and reduces build up of 1. Metal flange | 2. Glass fiber reinforced
contamination. epoxy tube | 3. Liner | 4. Silicone rubber shed
P-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information Composite Insulators
Silicone Rubber (SIR) Stability when exposed to UV light

Silicone rubber UV absorption wavelength
Flashover resistant is below those naturally occurring -over 300
The chemical nature of silicone makes the nanometers. This means that it has inherent
insulator surface hydrophobic. The leakage UV stability, and a higher resistance against
currents are suppressed because the water breakdown than other polymers like EP-
on the surface stays as droplets and does rubber and epoxies.
not form a continuous film. Silicone rubber
has the unique ability to maintain its hydro- Deliveries
phobicity during the lifetime of the insulator. In addition to extensive type tests conducted
on its composite silicone rubber insulators,
Ageing withstand ABB has a long list of field references world-
As a consequence of the hydrophobicity wide, verifying the expected high perfor-
and the suppression of leakage currents, the mance and reliability of the insulation system.
discharge activity is negligible even in areas ABB in Ludvika has delivered live tank
with severe pollution. circuit breakers with composite insulators
Non-hydrophobic materials like porcelain for the most severe conditions, from marine
and EP-rubber do not possess this property climate to desert and/or industrial polluted
and are therefore affected by pollution to a areas.
greater extent.
Reference list can be presented on request.
Composite insulators with

silicone rubber sheds
Because there is no need to compromise on
safety and performance.
The non-wetting surface of a silicone

rubber insulator
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 P-2

Controlled Switching Technical Information
Controlled Switching with SwitchsyncTM

Suppression of Principle of Controlled Switching
Switching Transients Controlled switching is a method for elimi-
There are several important circuit breaker nating harmful transients via time controlled
applications where random closing or open- switching operations. Closing or opening
ing instants may lead to severe voltage and commands to the circuit breaker are delayed
current switching transients. These tran- in such a way that making or contact separa-
sients occur in the main circuits, but may tion will occur at the optimum time instant
also induce transients in control and auxiliary related to the phase angle.
circuits, as well as in adjacent low voltage
systems. The switching transients are associ- REFERENCE
TIME INSTANT
WAITING TIME
+ TARGET TIME
OPERATING TIME
ated with a variety of dielectric and mechani-
cal stresses on the high-voltage equip-
ment, and may cause gradual or immediate By means of SwitchsyncTM controllers, both
damage to the system or the equipment. energizing and de-energizing operations can
Induced transients may lead to a variety of be controlled with regard to the point-on-
disturbances, e.g. in substation control and wave position, and no harmful transients will
protection systems, computers and proces- be generated.
sors, or telecommunications.
The following example illustrates the general
Normal energizing of shunt capacitors, operating principle of a SwitchsyncTM con-
shunt reactors and power transformers may troller, for energizing of a capacitor bank.
cause severe transients - high overvoltages, In order to avoid switching transients, the
under-voltages, or high inrush currents. Upon making instant in this case shall be at voltage
de-energizing of shunt reactors, reignitions zero. For simplicity, only a single phase is
will occur, resulting in steep voltage surges. considered.
The magnitude of the transients depends on
the point-on-wave where closing or open- Busbar
ing of the circuit breaker contacts occur. In a Reference
VT
situation without controlled switching, sooner Voltage
or later the switching instant will occur at the

Input
worst possible phase angle. Circuit Output Command Switchsync Command
Breaker
Controller
Even though a modern circuit breaker will
have very low restrike probability at switch- Capacitor
Bank
ing of capacitive loads or harmonic filters, for
statistical reasons a few occasional restrikes
may occur during the course of a large
number of switching operations. This risk of Suitable circuit breakers
occasional restrikes may be eliminated by ABB live tank circuit breakers and discon-
means of controlled opening operations. necting circuit breakers have spring operat-
ing mechanisms. For some of the variants, a
Conventional countermeasures such as motor drive is incorperated as an alternative.
pre-insertion resistors, damping reactors or All these circuit breakers have stable operat-
resistors, or arresters are used to limit the ing times, which vary only to a limited extent
magnitude and effect of the switching tran- with factors such as ambient temperature
sients, after they have occurred. In addition, and control voltage.
system and equipment insulation may be
upgraded to withstand the stresses. These For good results, and appropriate limitation
methods, however, may be inefficient, unreli- of the switching transients, we recommend
able or expensive, and do not treat the root use of SwitchsyncTM controllers only with
of the problem. ABB’s SF6 live tank circuit breakers.
Q-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information Controlled Switching
Switching of Capacitor banks and with a time separation of 1/6 cycle (3.3 ms at
Harmonic filters 50 Hz or 2.8 ms at 60 Hz).
SwitchsyncTM circuit breaker controllers for
shunt capacitor banks and harmonic filters For capacitor banks with ungrounded neu-
are normally used for control of closing tral, two poles should close simultaneously
operations. at phase - phase voltage zero, and the last
one 1/4 cycle later (5 ms at 50 Hz or 4.2 ms
A discharged capacitor is similar to a mo- at 60 Hz).
mentary short-circuit when connected to a
Required time staggering for grounded shunt
power source. If energized when the source
capacitor bank
voltage is high, the connection results in volt-
age and current transients that may cause + 6.7 ms
serious problems. Depending on the network + 3.3 ms
configuration, the voltage surge may cause 0 ms
dielectric breakdown somewhere in the high
voltage network, and low voltage equipment
may suffer insulation damage or malfunc-
tion. With back-to-back capacitor banks,
the inrush current may have high frequency
and high amplitude. In extreme cases, it may
threaten the mechanical integrity of both the
capacitor bank and circuit breaker. Control- 0 ms
ling the circuit breaker to energize a capaci- 0 ms
tive load at zero voltage across the contacts
will eliminate harmful transients. + 5 ms
Figure 3 shows by means of an example how Required time staggering for ungrounded
efficiently controlled switching eliminates the shunt capacitor bank
harmful switching transients related to ener-
Figure 4.
gizing of a capacitor bank.
Examples of making sequences for a 50 Hz
shunt capacitor bank. The minor time devia-
tions from voltage zero across contacts, have
been disregarded.
In case of a single-pole operated circuit

breaker, SwitchsyncTM will control each pole
individually to make it close at the right time.
For a three-pole operated circuit breaker,
with only one operating mechanism, the
Figure 3. poles are mechanically adjusted (staggered)
Voltage transients when energizing one phase of a in order to close at the right instant. For
72 kV capacitor bank switching of a shunt capacitor bank or har-
a. At an unsuitable point-on-wave position, close to
the power frequency voltage peak, a high voltage
monic filter, the actual choice of staggering
transient is generated. depends on:
b. With Switchsync™ controller, energizing occurs - Connection of the neutral of the load -
close to voltage zero, and no transient is grounded or ungrounded
generated. - System frequency - 50 or 60 Hz
In a normal three-phase situation, the three Opening of capacitor bank circuit breakers
circuit breaker poles should close at different generally does not lead to any significant
time instants. The time differences depend switching transients. The major reason is
on the application. that the circuit breakers are designed to have
very low risk of restrikes upon interruption of
For capacitor banks with grounded neutral, capacitive current. However, in special cases
the three poles should close in succession
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 Q-2

with severe conditions, the SwitchsyncTM Switching of Power transformers

may be utilized in controlled opening of Switchsync™ for transformer circuit breakers
capacitor bank circuit breakers. The aim is are used for control of the closing operations,
then to eliminate the small statistical risk that in order to limit inrush currents. Uncontrolled
a re-strike may still occur, and the circuit energizing, at unfortunate points-on-wave,
breaker is controlled in such a manner that causes high and slowly damped inrush cur-
short arcing times are avoided. rents. The result is mechanical stress on the
windings, interference on secondary circuits
Suitable Switchsync™ controllers for from high zero-sequence current, and net-
capacitor bank circuit breakers are: work disturbances by current harmonics.
• Three-pole operated breaker:
For only closing; Switchsync™ E113
For both closing and opening;
Switchsync™ E213
• Single-pole operated circuit breaker:

For only closing or for both closing and
opening; Switchsync™ F236
Switching of Shunt reactors

Switchsync™ for shunt reactor breakers
are normally used for control of the open-
Source voltage
ing operations. Uncontrolled de-energizing
Steady-state magnetic flux
will cause re-ignition in at least one circuit
Steady-state no-load current (a few Amperes)
breaker pole. The very steep voltage tran-
sients caused by reignitions will be unevenly Figure 7.
distributed across the reactor winding, Power transformer in steady state no-load conditions
with the highest stress on the initial turns.
There is a risk that the voltage stress will
Figure 5. lead to puncture of the winding insulation Several
Uncontrolled de-ener- in the reactor, which in the long run may kA
gizing of a shunt reactor lead to complete breakdown. Insulation of

will cause steep reigni- nearby equipment may also be damaged.
tion transient By controlling the contact separation to be Figure 8.
sufficiently early before current zero, re-igni- Conditions with uncontrolled energizing of power
tions can be eliminated. The remaining volt- transformer
age transient is a chopping overvoltage with
relatively low frequency which is normally With symmetrical magnetic flux in the
quite harmless. Controlled closing of shunt transformer core the current is small, but it
reactor circuit breakers is also applied in sev- increases rapidly even with moderate asym-
Figure 6. eral cases. The switching case is similar to metry due to increasing core saturation. Con-
Controlled de-energiz- energizing of no-load transformers, and may trolled energizing makes the flux symmetrical
ing of a shunt reactor cause high inrush and zero sequence current from the start.
eliminates reignition with associated electromechanical stresses.
transients. Only a chop- With controlled closing of the circuit breaker The making operation should be made at
ping overvoltage with these phenomena are minimized. an appropriate time instant, under consider-
moderate frequency Shunt reactor circuit breakers are normally ation of the residual flux of the transformer
remains. single-pole operated due to the high rated core.
voltages.
There are basically three ways to operate
Suitable Switchsync™ controllers are: the circuit breaker:
For only opening; Switchsync™ E113
For both opening and closing;
Switchsync™ F236

1. When residual flux may be disregarded, to be controlled independently, the method

it is sufficient to control the closing opera- requires single-pole operation of the circuit
tions. This straight-forward method will limit breaker.
the highest inrush current magnitudes even if A suitable controller is Switchsync™ T183.
there should be residual flux.
A suitable controller is Switchsync E113. Switching of EHV lines
The traditional method for limitation of
2. The opening operations of the circuit switching overvoltages during closing or
breaker are controlled in order to achieve a reclosing operations of unloaded EHV lines is
defined and repeatable residual magnetic to use circuit breakers equipped with clos-
flux in the transformer core. The procedure ing resistors. However, controlled switching
is normally to interrupt the no-load cur- of the line circuit breakers is increasingly
rent close to a natural zero passage, which considered as an alternative, and then often
results in minimum flux in the core. The sub- as part of a solution where surge arresters
sequent closing operation is then controlled are also applied for optimal limitation of the
in order to minimize the inrush current, based switching overvoltages. Circuit breakers at
on this knowledge. Sometimes, however, this voltage level are generally single-pole
a higher value of residual flux is chosen, as operated.
this will be associated with lower pre-arcing
stress of the circuit breaker at the subse- For uncompensated lines, controlled
quent closing operation. This also improves switching of the circuit breakers may be
the precision of the targeting process. arranged in two different ways:
1. Trapped charge on the line, resulting
The method is suitable for regular planned from the opening operation, is not recorded.
switching of transformers under no-load When closing, the circuit breaker is controlled
conditions. It is applicable in situations where to make the current approximately when the
the same circuit breaker will always perform instantaneous voltage in the substation is
the making and breaking operations. zero. In this manner limitation of high over-
A suitable controller is Switchsync™ F236. voltages is achieved irrespective of the actual
trapped charge. This is a straightforward
3. Opening operations are performed at method, and often the resulting overvoltage
random, while the resulting residual flux is level is acceptable, especially when applied
determined by integration of the transformer in combination with surge arresters. In many
voltage. The voltage signals to the controller cases the trapped charge will actually be
for this process may be taken from normal zero or close to zero. This will be the case
VTs or CVTs adjacent to the transformer. when sufficient time has elapsed from the
opening operation, or even at rapid reclos-
Based on the calculated residual flux, the ing operations, if the line is equipped with
subsequent closing operation is then con- magnetic voltage transformers.
trolled in such a manner that the inrush cur- A suitable controller is Switchsync™ F236.
rent is minimized. In this mode of operation,
the residual flux may vary considerably from 2. More efficient limitation of the switching
one operation to another and the actual con- overvoltages is achieved when the trapped
trolled making operations will take place at charge on the line is recorded, and taken into
varying time instants in relation to the supply consideration by the controlling device. This
(reference) voltage. solution is especially useful in situations when
considerable trapped charge is to be
The method is mainly suitable for situations expected; i.e. for rapid reclosing operations
with unplanned operations, under varying in situations when CVTs are used. The initial
switching conditions and also works when magnitude of the trapped charge can be
opening operations occur in connection with recorded by the CVTs.
faults in the system. Since each pole needs A suitable controller is Switchsync™ L183.

Controlled Switching with SwitchsyncTM

For shunt compensated lines, the interac- If the circuit breaker should have a change
tion between line capacitance and reactor in operating time from the value assumed
inductance will lead to voltage oscillations of by the SwitchsyncTM controller, then the
the healthy phases after interruption. In this adaptation feedback signal from a sensor
case, due to the oscillating voltage shape on or transducer will appear either slightly later
the line, the voltage transformers connected or earlier than expected. When an error has
to the line will provide correct voltage signals. been observed by the controller, the internally
created waiting time will be modified for the
Controlled switching requires use of single- next operation in such a way that the circuit
pole operated line circuit breakers. Reclosing breaker will be guided back to the intended
may be set to occur slightly after phase-to- target
ground supply side voltage zero.
A suitable controller is the Switchsync™ A typical arrangement for detection of current
F236, connected in the same manner as for start is shown in Figure 9.
uncompensated line.
Busbar
Adaptation control Feedback
Signal VT
All SwitchsyncTM controllers are equipped
with special functions to control the result of
Input
a controlled switching operation. Circuit Output Command Switchsync Command
Breaker
Controller
The adaptation control can be arranged in
different ways and for both controlled closing Capacitor
Bank
and controlled opening.
Deviations from the intended targets may

be caused by variations in the operating Figure 9.
conditions. The operating conditions that Example of shunt capacitor bank energizing with
may cause changes of the circuit breaker current start feedback loop.
operating times are, for example, gradually
increasing contact burn-off caused by many For single-pole operated circuit breakers, the
switching operations, change of ambient adaptation control can be arranged for each
temperature and variations of the auxiliary pole individually.
voltage.
In the case of three-pole operated circuit
The functioning principle of the adaptation breakers with mechanical staggering, only
control is that a detected error from the one pole will be supervised. The other two
target will be compensated for in the next poles are mechanically linked to the con-
controlled operation. trolled one.

Range of SwitchsyncTM controllers
The Family of SwitchsyncTM controllers consists of:

Switchsync™ Main application Controls circuit Circuit breaker
controller breaker operation operation
Shunt Capacitor Banks,

E113 Open or Close Three-pole
Shunt Reactors
E213 Shunt Capacitor Banks Open and Close Three-pole
Shunt Capacitor Banks,
F236 Open and Close Single-pole
Shunt Reactors, Transformers
T183 Transformers Close Single-pole
L183 Uncompensated Transmission Lines Close Single-pole
All controllers have provisions for adaptive input to compensate for systematic variations in operating time of
the circuit breaker. In addition, Switchsync™ F236, T183, and L183 have provisions for two external, predic-
tive inputs (e.g. temperature variation, control voltage). These functions make it possible to achieve added
precision in the timing of the controlled circuit breaker. They also have a data memory that stores information
on switching times, thus permitting condition monitoring of the circuit breaker. Sensors for compensation
purposes and communication software for all controllers except E-models are accessories that are ordered
separately.
Type designation
The type designation of a Switchsync™ con-
troller gives information about its functionality.
The letter is a generation and application
identification, while the subsequent numbers
provide the following information:
Figure 10. Switchsync™ F236 and E113 controllers
Number of command inputs

(open or close)
Number of adaptive channels
Number of command outputs

to controlled circuit breaker
Figure 11. Switchsync™ T183 controller
More information
Further information about controlled switch-
ing applications and Switchsync™ control-
lers is found in “Controlled Switching, Buyer’s
Guide/Appplication Guide”.
Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 22-01en.
Figure 12. Switchsync™ L183 controller

Monitoring Technical Information
On-Line Monitoring System OLM2
The OLM2 monitor is a measuring data ac- The following parameters may be monitored:
quisition unit optimized for on-line analysis of operating times, coil currents, contact travel
high-voltage circuit breakers. The electronic (giving information about speed, overtravel
circuit is fitted into an EMC shielded aluminum and damping), motor current including spring
profile housing. The aluminum housing has charging time, SF6-density. Phase currents can
screw terminals for all external connections. be measured as an option to determine the
contact erosion.
The OLM2 units have a limited data storage
capacity. To fully use the flexibility of the OLM Design
System, a data storage device (server com- An OLM2 unit consists of a signal processor
puter) is required at the substation level. with programmable logic. Most internal func-
Communication to and from the monitoring tions can be modified by firmware or software
units within a substation is done using an changes, which means that it can easily be
OLM-bus (a modified RS 485 bus), using a adapted to any type of equipment. The OLM2
twisted pair shielded cable suitable for RS units have their own internal watchdog with
485. Another option is using optic fiber, this alarm function.
requires optical modems at both ends.
The software provided together with the OLM
From the server computer in the substation to consists of three parts:
the location where detailed analysis is per- • OLM Installer, used for installation of the
formed, data can be transmitted using any individual units
existing communication means supported by • OLM Server, used for communication with
Windows®. External systems, such as SCADA the individual OLM2 units on a bus and the
can easily make use of the data obtained server computer (usually a PC) in the substa-
through the OLM. tion;
• OLM Explorer, the data analysis and super-
Data acquisition starts when an OLM2 is trig- vision tool. The OLM Explorer software also
gered by either a coil input (trip or close), an hosts a server engine that communicates
input to the motor of the operating mechanism with server computers.
or an alarm. For each operation of the circuit
breaker a complete image of the recorded
parameters is stored into the unit, including lo-
cal time and temperature (ambient and inside
operating mechanism). The stored data is then
transferred to the server computer and is then
accessible for remote analysis using the OLM
Explorer software. With this software a de-
tailed analysis of all circuit breaker parameters
is possible including trend analysis.
Example of the presentation of the motor current
R-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information Monitoring
Example of the presentation of different parameters
Monitored data
OLM2-unit: From the function categories the following
Internal temperature parameters are derived and supervised:
Power supply voltage and current Operating times
Coil circuit and operating currents Operating speeds
Motor circuit, operation current and time Coil armature time
Operating times Coil peak current
Time between operations Damping time
Monitoring equipment functions (watchdog) Overtravel and rebound
Storage capacity OLM2-unit: Counters recording the number of operations
Last 32 alarm status records and number of motor operations;
Last 8 contact status records Motor peak current and spring charging time;
Last 16 motor operation records Internal temperature of the operating mechanism;
Monitored function categories Ambient temperature;
through OLM Explorer: Power supply voltages and currents
Status signals (circuit breaker open or closed) (OLM2 unit and heaters);
Closing operation SF6 density, with trend analysis;
Opening operation Contact wear (optional);
Close-open operation Contact stroke and contact position.
Motor operation
The software is delivered with the OLM System and it contains a feature for automatic update of the
software free of charge.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 R-2

Monitoring Technical Information
On-Line Monitoring System OLM2

1. Scope of supply 1.2 Software
The following components are included in the The OLM2 System is delivered with a CD-
delivery of the OLM System. ROM containing the following software:
- The OLM software with user manuals;
1.1 Hardware - Configuration file for the individual OLM2
1.1.1 OLM cubicle units;
The cubicle containing the OLM2 unit as well - Parameter file for OLM Explorer;
as the wiring of all hardware included in the - The installation manual.
cubicle.
Cable glands for cable entry in the operating 1.3 Drawings
mechanism are included. When the OLM System is delivered together
with the circuit breaker, the circuit diagram
1.1.2 Current transformers for trip and and wiring table are adapted to the receive
close coil currents the wiring from the OLM cubicle.
2 pcs. current transformers, one for mea-
surement of close coil current and one for 2. Items not included in the delivery
measurement of trip coil current, located in
the OLM cubicle. 2.1 Current transformers for line
current measurement
1.1.3 Shunt for motor current Line current measurement is an option and
1 shunt for measurement of motor current is the current transformers necessary are not
located in the OLM cubicle. included in the standard delivery.
1.1.4 Travel transducer 2.2 Server computer

Incremental transducer for measurement of Necessary for storage of data retrieved from
contact travel including hardware for fixing OLM units.
and cable. The travel transducer is fitted to
the circuit breaker during installation of the 2.3 Field bus converter
OLM System. Connection of the server computer to the
OLM bus (RS 485 bus) requires a converter.
1.1.5 Temperature sensors There are two ways to connect the converter,
Two PT 100 (including cable) for measure- through a serial RS 232 port or through a
ment of ambient temperature internal tem- USB port.
perature of the operating mechanism.
The temperature sensor for the ambient 2.3.1 RS converter
temperature is fitted to the underside of the Connection of a PC to the OLM bus requires
OLM cubicle and connected to the OLM2 a RS-422/486 to RS-232 converter.
unit. The temperature sensor for the internal
temperature needs to be fitted during instal- 2.3.2 USB to RS converter
lation of the OLM System. When connection of the OLM-bus to a PC
is done through a USB port, a USB to RS
1.1.6 SF6 density sensor converter should be used.
One or three SF6 density sensors depending
on whether the circuit breaker is three-pole 2.4 Connection between OLM and
or single-pole operated. server computer
The density sensors are fitted during installa- A shielded, twisted pair cable suitable for
tion of the OLM System. RS-485 is recommended.
Alternative: optical fiber (requires optical
modems at both ends).
R-3 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information Monitoring
S
ES R|
OT E
. OMT
US
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Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 R-4

Seismic Withstand Capability Technical Information
Seismic Withstand Capability

Seismic stress a few Hz. Since the frequency of typical earth
There are many zones in the world where quake oscillations is also of the order of a
earthquakes may occur, and where circuit few Hz, the actual stress on the breaker will
breakers should be designed to withstand be amplified due to mechanical resonance.
the corresponding stresses. When an earth- The degree of amplification depends on the
quake occurs the acceleration and ampli- eigenfrequency and damping of the circuit
tude of the motion of the ground will vary in breaker, and is given by the response spec-
a statistical manner. The stress conditions tra, specified by IEC 62271-300 or IEEE 693.
are normally most severe in the horizontal Sometimes also other response spectra are
direction. The type of soil (sand, clay, rock, used, e.g. from Endesa or Edelca.
etc) has a strong influence on the actual local For the same maximum ground accelera-
severity of an earthquake and the damage it tion, the requirements of IEEE 693 are more
may inflict. stringent than those of IEC 62271-300. The
For technical purposes earthquake stresses major reason is that IEEE applies a safety
are normally defined by the maximum value factor 2 for the mechanical strength of the
of the horizontal acceleration. insulators, while IEC uses a factor 1. In ad-
IEC 62271-300 specifies three values of dition the IEEE response spectra are more
maximum horizontal acceleration, 2, 3, and severe than those of IEC.
5 m/s2, corresponding to 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 g,
while IEEE 693 specifies 2.5 and 5 m/s2, Seismic capability of LTB and HPL
corresponding to 0.25 and 0.5 g. circuit breakers
All standard versions of HPL- and LTB-circuit
Resulting stress on circuit breakers breakers can withstand seismic accelerations
When a HV circuit breaker is subjected to below 0.3 g in accordance with IEC 62271-
an earthquake, the motion of the ground will 300 and below 0.25 g in accordance with
induce oscillations in the circuit breaker with IEEE 693 (see page J-2 and K-2). In order
corresponding mechanical stress. The me- to withstand higher earthquake stresses the
chanical stress will normally be most severe circuit breakers may be provided with rein-
at the lower end of the support column. forced support structures and/or reinforced
The circuit breaker will have one or more insulators. In addition, and in order to handle
natural oscillation frequencies, eigenfrequen- the highest stresses, earthquake dampers
cies, where the predominant one is typically may be applied on large circuit breakers.
S-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information Seismic Withstand Capability
Earthquake dampers Verification of seismic capability

An earthquake damper will increase the The seismic capability of a circuit breaker
damping of the natural oscillations of the may be verified by a direct test, where a
circuit breaker. In this way the amplification complete circuit breaker, or pole, is subjected
of earthquake stresses due to resonance is to simulated earthquake stress on a shaker
significantly decreased, and the maximum table. See Fig. 2.
mechanical stress on the circuit breaker
significantly reduced. An alternative method is to determine the
eigenfrequencies and damping of the circuit
Fig. 1. illustrates the principle of a damping breaker. This can be done e.g. by a snap-
unit. The support frame (1) is mounted on back test, where a mechanical stress is ap-
the bottom plate (3) on which four damping plied to the breaker, and suddenly released.
cylinders (2) are assembled. The piston rods Based on eigenfrequencies and damping,
(4) are fixed to the foundation bolts. Between the resulting mechanical stress in critical
the piston rod and the cylinder there is a parts of the breaker may be determined by
piston system working, which is absorbing means of calculations.
friction energy during motion. This provides
damping for the complete circuit breaker.
Since the circuit breaker is hanging in the

dampers, the forces of inertia during an
earthquake can easily initialize the motion of
the dampers without having to overcome the
forces of gravity.
Fig. 2. 550 kV circuit breaker subjected

to earthquake test on a shaker table. The
highest mechanical stress occurs in the
lower end of the vertical support column.
Fig. 1. Support column of HV circuit The circuit breaker is equipped with
breaker with earthquake damping unit. composite insulators.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 S-2

Quality Control and Testing Technical Information
Quality Control and Testing

Quality For single-pole operated circuit breakers
ABB High Voltage Products in Ludvika has type HPL B and LTB E, the routine tests are
an advanced quality management system for always individually performed for each pole.
development, design, manufacturing, testing, Circuit breakers type LTB D and three-pole
sales and after sales service as well as for operated circuit breakers type HPL and LTB E
environmental standards, and is certified by are always routine tested as complete three-
Bureau Veritas Certification for ISO 9001 and phase units.
ISO 14001.
In general, the routine tests are performed
Testing resources according to IEC or ANSI/IEEE standards.
ABB has the facilities for carrying out devel- The main routine tests steps with respect to
opment tests, type tests and routine tests IEC, ANSI and ABB standards are summa-
on the circuit breakers. The laboratories for rized in the table below.
testing are located in Ludvika close to the
factories and the offices for development, The entire routine tests for each circuit
design and planning. breaker is documented in a detailed routine
With these testing resources ABB is in the test report, generated by the computerized
forefront in developing new and safe prod- testing system. After verification by the ABB
ucts for the 21st century. certified test supervisor, this report is pro-
vided to the customer as part of the order
Type tests documentation.
The High Power Laboratory is owned by
ABB and has facilities for high power tests, Summary of routine tests
temperature rise tests and mechanical tests. IEC ANSI ABB
It is also accredited by SWEDAC (Swedish IEEE
Board for Technical Accreditation).
In the STRI AB laboratory, mainly high vol- Nameplate and design check X X X
tage tests, environmental and special long Resistance measurement
time duration tests are carried out. (Components in auxiliary and X X X
In both laboratories tests in accordance control circuits)
with the requirements stipulated in the
international standards ANSI and IEC can Function check of auxiliary
X X X
be performed. It is also possible to carry out and control circuits
special tests specified by our customers.
Mechanical operating test X X X
The High Power Laboratory as well as Resistance measurement

X X X
STRI has status of independent laboratory (Main circuit)
and both are members of SATS (Scandina-
Dielectric test
vian Association for Testing of Electric Power X X X
(Auxiliary and control circuit)
Equipment), which in turn is a member of
STL (Short Circuit Testing Liaison). Overpressure test N/A X X
STL provides a forum for international col-
laboration between testing organizations. Dielectric test
X X X
(Main circuit)
Routine tests Tightness test X X X
The routine tests are part of the process of
producing the circuit breakers and are always
performed with the same test procedures,
Description
A summary description of the ABB produc-
irrespective whether or not the tests are wit-
tion and routine tests process is provided in
nessed by the client’s representative.
the brochure 1HSM 9543 09-01. A detailed
The circuit breaker pole or poles are tested
description of the routine tests is given in the
together with the corresponding operating
document 1HSB 4154 09-646.
mechanism.
T-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information Quality Control and Testing
Processes and Support

The circuit breaker organization is Production & Assembly
process-oriented with focus on deliv- All employees are trained and certified with
eries to customers. The process is respect to their responsibilities.
Inspections and test plans together with
continuously optimized with respect
inspection records and control cards have
to time and quality. been prepared for all circuit breakers in order
to assure that all activities and the assembly
Sales & Order handling are performed according to the specification.
In order to assure that the deliveries fullfill the
requirements in the Purchase Order (P.O.) Service & Spares
special attention is focused on: The circuit breaker unit takes care of the
• Assuring the handover of the P.O. from the customer’s requirements with respect to
Sales to the Order department. service and spare parts. Certified traveling
• Order clarification, assuring the particular service engineers are available at the plant
tasks of order, order design, purchasing in Ludvika. Also, in order to be able to assist
and production departments. our customers as fast as possible, local ser-
• Possible order modifications. vice centers are established in several parts
of the world.
The tools to monitor the orders are continu-
ously improved in order to give our custom- In case of emergencies a 24-hour telephone
ers the best possible service. support is available (ph.: +46 70 3505350).
By calling this number customers will get in
Supply management & Purchasing touch with one of our representatives for im-
The circuit breaker unit has well defined mediate consultancy and action planning.
processes for selection and approval of sup-
pliers. Research & Development
Special attention is addressed to audits at The R&D process is utilizing a project man-
the suppliers plant, the manufacturing, In- agement model with well-defined gates in or-
spection and Test Plan (ITP) and the On Time der to assure that all customer requirements
Delivery (OTD) monitoring. and technical issues are addressed.
The suppliers are evaluated at regular inter-

vals with respect to quality and ODT.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 T-2

Inquiry Data Technical Information
Inquiry Data for Live Tank Circuit Breakers

As a minimum the following information is required and can preferably
be copied and sent along with your inquiry.
PROJECT DATA
End customer
Name of project
Standard / Customer specification
Number of circuit breakers
Delivery time
APPLICATION
Line
Transformer
Reactor banks
Capacitor banks
Other service duty
Number of operations per year
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
Rated voltage
Rated frequency
Rated normal current
Maximum breaking current
LIWL (Lightning impulse 1.2/50 μs)
SIWL (Switching impulse 25/2500 μs, for
Um ≥300 kV)
Power frequency withstand voltage
Grounded / Ungrounded neutral
AMBIENT CONDITIONS
Ambient temperature (max - min)
Altitude (m.a.s.l.)
Earthquake withstand requirements
BASIC MECHANICAL PARAMETERS

Three-pole / Single-pole operation
Preinsertion resistors (PIR)
for line circuit breakers
Type of high voltage terminal (IEC/NEMA/DIN)
Insulator material (porcelain or composite)
Insulator color
(Porcelain: brown or gray)
(Composite: only gray)
Minimum creepage distance mm or mm/kV
Phase distance (center-to-center)
Support structure (height)
U-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Technical Information Inquiry Data
As a minimum the following information is required and can preferably

be copied and sent along with your inquiry.
OPTIONAL MECHANICAL PARAMETERS
Bursting discs
Bracket for CT
Primary connections CB – CT
Manual trip
DATA FOR OPERATING MECHANISM

Control voltage (Coils and relays)
Motor voltage
AC-voltage (heaters, etc.)
Number of free auxiliary contacts
Special requirements
ACCESSORIES
SF6 gas for pressurizing
Gas filling equipment
Controlled Switching (Switchsync™)
Condition monitoring (OLM)
Test equipment
- SA10
- Programma
Tools
Spare parts
NOTE! For information regarding the parameters asked for see chapter B-1 “Explanation”.
Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 U-2

© Copyright 2008 ABB. All rights reserved. Catalogue publication 1HSM 9543 22-00en, Live Tank Circuit Breaker, Buyer´s Guide, Edition 4, 2008-05
NOTE: ABB AB is working continuously to improve the products. We therefore

reserve the right to change designs, dimensions and data without prior notice.
ABB AB
High Voltage Products
SE-771 80 LUDVIKA, Sweden
Phone +46 240 78 20 00
Fax +46 240 78 36 50
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: http://www.abb.com

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Live Tank Circuit Breakers

Products Introduction A-2

Puffer, Auto-PufferTM C-1

Design Features and Advantages:

BLK Operating Mechanism F-1

Technical Technical Catalogues:

BLK Operating Mechanism L-1

Optional for Special Applications:

Quality Control and Testing T-1

Inquiry Data U-1

A-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Exceeding Customer Expectations —

Product range Type Maximum Maximum Maximum

(kV) (A) (kA)

LTB D1/B 170 3150 40

Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 A-2

Extended routine tests exceeding requirements by standards will be charged extra.

B-1 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Standard frequencies are 50 Hz and 60 Hz.

Other frequencies, such as 16 2/3 Hz and 25 Hz might be applicable for some

Standard values for duration are 1 or 3 s.

Two values are related to the rated short-circuit current:

Rated short-circuit making current is equal to Rated peak withstand current.

Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 B-2

In general the following cases apply:

The corresponding transient recovery voltage (uc) can be calculated as:

Standardized values for the out-of-phase voltage factors are:

B-3 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

System and Switching Conditions

The surge impedance may vary depending on e.g. type of conductors.

Peak factor: 1.6

Earthing of the network

No-load line switching:

No-load cable switching:

Capacitor bank switching:

The peak recovery voltage is:

Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 B-4

There is a relationship between the time constant and the X/R-ratio.

B-5 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Important standard values are -30 °C and -40 °C

Standard value is +40 °C.

Pollution level Creepage distance Creepage distance (Old)

Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 B-6

NOTE! To ensure proper breaking of the current that may be established, it

Pre-insertion resistors should not be mixed up with opening resistors, which

There are two main alternatives:

Class M2: Frequently operated circuit-breaker for special service requirements

B-7 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

1 MPa = 106 Pa = 10 bar = 145 P.s.i

Rated filling pressure

Minimum pressure (Lock out, interlocking or blocking pressure)

The total capacitance across one open gap is calculated as follows:

NOTE: Line-to-ground capacitors have a similar effect as parallel capacitors

Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide Edition 4, 2008-05 B-8

B-9 Edition 4, 2008-05 Live Tank Circuit Breakers — Buyer´s Guide

Time definitions according to IEC

Opening time Opening operation Time

Separation arcing contacts in all poles

Energizing of opening release Separation arcing contacts in first pole