Understending Comics PDF

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The key takeaways are that the book examines comics as an art form and medium of expression. It acknowledges many who helped provide feedback and support in its creation.

The book examines comics as an art form and medium of expression, analyzing aspects like panels, gutters, time, and visual storytelling techniques.

Some early influences mentioned are Kurt Busiek who introduced the author to comics, and editor Calvin Reid and the team at PW. Art Spiegelman's comics essay also influenced the author's view of comics' potential.

"A REMARKABLE NEW BAEDEKER OF THE TOONS.

"
-GARRY TRUDEAU, NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW
WRITING ANO ART
SC0TT McCL0UD

LETTERING
A paperback edition o! this book was originally
808 LAPPAN published in 1993 by Kilchen Sink Press. 11 is here
reprinted by arrangement with Kitchen Sink Press.

EDITORIAL ADV ICE ANO


SELECTIVE EGO-TRIMM ING UNDERSTAN OI NG COMI CS: me INVl$18LE AfH . Copyr ight

STEVE 81SSETTE © 1993 by Scott McCloud.AII rights reserved. Printed in


the Unitecl $tates of America. No part of this book may
KURT 8USIEK be u sed or reproduced in any manner whatsoever with-
NEILGAIMAN out written permission except in the case of brial
quolations embodied in critica! articles and reviews.
808 LAPPAN For information address HarperCollins Publishers, !ne.,
JENNIFER LEE 10 East 53rd Straet, f'iewYork, NY 10022.

LARRY MARDER HarperCollins books may be purchased lor educa-


IVY RATAFIA ti onal , business , or sales promotional use. For
information please wrile: Special Markets Department.
HarperCollins Publishers, lnc., 1 O East 53rd Street,
New York, NY 10022.
EXTRA SPEC IAL THAN KS
WILL EISNER First HarperPerennial edition published 1994.

EDITOR IS8N 0-06-097625-X (pbk.)

MARKMARTIN 94 95 96 97 98 RIPON 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

AN"-f Slr'v\/LAAITY BETWEEN CHARACTERS/INSTITVTIONS IN THIS WORK


TO ACTUAL CHARACTERS/INSTITUTIONS IS UNINTENDE0
ENTIRE CONTENTS COPYRIGHT SCOTT .Mc:ClOU0 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTE0
UNDfRSTANDING COMICS IS A TRAOEMAAK Of SCOTT .Mc:CLOUD
ALLRK3HTSRESEM0
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS : endorsements to lhe project. rm particularly lndebt-
The book you're about to read took 15 ed to Jim Valentino, Dave Sim and Kelth Gillen who
months 10 produce and many of the ideas it con- used thelr own books as a forum on my behall . In
tains had been on the back-burner for over nine the retail sector, my thanks to the generous mem-
years. so acknowledging all ol !hose who have bers o! the Direct Une Group, to lhe many stores
helped In its development may be next 10 impossi- which played host during our fi rst tour and espe-
ble. Furthermore. since its initial publlcatlon in the cially to the Mlghty Moondog himsell , Gary
comics industry, l've received lremendous support Colobuono. Thanks, as atways, lo l arry Marder,
lrom hundreds ol fellow travelers in al1 corners of Nexus of AII Comlc Book Realities , for his llreless
the publlshing wor1d. My apologies to anyone who ellorts on my behall.
is not ll sted below and should have been . Thank you to the legion of journalists in prlnl ,
My deepest gratitude to Steve Bissette , Kurt radio and televlslon who have been able to talk
Buslek , Neil Gaiman , larry Marder and lvy Ratafía about thi s book wi thout quoting sound eflects from
who all revlewed my original draft in detai1 and the old Batman TV show: especially Calvin Raid
offered many valuabte critiques. Their con tribution and the whole gang al PW.
to the project cannot be overstated. 1 was atso for- Early inlluences on the ideas in this book are
tunate to receive detailed analysis from the talented harder to trace, but no less importan!. Kurt Busiek
Jennifer Lee and beyond-the-call-ol-duty proofread- introduced me to comics long ago and was my bes!
ing and good advice from Bob Lappan. Special guida l or many years. Eclipse Editor-in-Chie! cal
thanks are a1so due to the magnilicent (and mag- yronwode helped shape my critica! lacul tles over
nanimous) Wil1 Eisner who off ered many word s of seven years on ZOTI and Is one of the very lew
encouragement and excellent advice In the proj- people in comics who really understood where 1
ecl's later stages. wm Eisner's work has been an was comlng l rom. Art Spiegelman, like Eisner,
inspiration to me , and to thousands of artists, lor ollered me a role-model for serious inqulry loto
many years. Eisner's COMICS ANO SEQUENTIAL comics as an art -l orm and, in his short comlcs-
ART was the fi rst book to examine the art -form of essay "Cra cking Jokes.w clarilied comics' potential
comics. Here's the second. 1 couldn't have done lt for non-l iction and made this book a posslbllily.
without you , Will. Thanks. Other importan! earty influences ind ude Syracuse
l'm deeply lndebted to all of the friends and professor Larry Bakke, Richard Howell and Caro!
lamily who ollered their thoughls on !he manuscript Kalish.
as it was being prepared. Among thls long 11s1 are My thanks to alt !he fine people at Tundra
Holly Ralalia , Alice Harrigan , Carol Ratafia , Barry Publishing , Ki1chen Sink Press and HarperCollins.
Deutsch , Klp Manley, Amy Sacks, Carolina Woolf,
Clarence Cummins, Karl Zimmerman , Calherine Without Kevin Eastman thi s book might have
Bell , Adam Philips and the legendary Dewan nevar seen the light ol day. Thank you, Kevin.
Brothers, Ted and Brian . Wil hou! lan Ballanline, you wouldn't be ho1d·
In !he comics world , special thanks go to ing it in your hands today. Thank you , tan .
Richard Howell, Mike luce, Oave McKean, Rick
Veitch, Don Slmpson, Mike Bannon (technical sup- And without you , tvy, it wouldn'I have been
port), Jim Woodring, and ali o! !he wonderful clan al much !un. l love you madly. Let's take tomorrow oll.
San Diego '92. Thanks also to !he numerous pro-
fessionals who have lent lheir support and

Scott McCloud
©@oou~oou®
~ lN!~~~U_C!~º~
~

SETTING

1 THE RECORD
STRAIGHT 2~

THE

2 VOCABULARY
OF COMICS 24~

BLOOD
3 IN THE
GUTTER 60~

4 TIME
FR AMES
94~

LIVING

5 IN
UNE 118 ~

~
SHOW

6 ANO
TELL 138

THE
7 SIX
STEPS 162~

A WORD

8 ABOUT
COLOR 185~

PUTTING

9 IT ALL
TOGETHER 193~
2
IN LESS THAN A
Y/:A~ I BECAME
T077/LlY
()8SESSEO
WJTM COMICS/
I DECIDE"D TO
8ECOMI! A CQMICS
AJlTIST IN ,O#r
t7RADe ,ANO BEGA"I
10 PIMCTICé,
l"li'ACTICE,
PlrACTTC"I!
4
5
THE AIITFOR:M--THE MePtVM--KNOWN
AS COMJCS IS A V.F.SS'CL WHICH CAN
HOLD A'NY NVMllEK OF /lJFAS AND /Mlf'7.!'$.

' t'.\?>NE!<:'S OWN COMK.s' -'1NP SE!PUf'NT/Af. AA'T BEl l,/G A HAPPY EXCEPTION
6
8

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