DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

1. A combined rectangular footing supports an exterior column (450 mm square) and an interior
column of (500 mm square) placed at a distance center to center equal to 3.6 m. The exterior
column having its face along the property line carries a DL = 535 kN and LL = 446 kN, while the
interior column carries a DL = 892 Kn and LL = 668 Kn. The bottom of the footing is to be 1.8 m
nelow the grade. Allowable soil bearing capacity is 240 kPa. Weight of soil is 15.74 kN /m3 and
that of concrete is 23.5 kN /m3 , fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 415 MPa.

α =1.3 (reinforcement location factor for top reinforcement more than 300 mm concrete below)
β=1.0 coating factor
γ =1.0 reinforcement size factor
λ=1.0 normal weight concrete is used

A. Compute the dimension of the rectangular combined footing.

B. Compute the maximum moment of the footing along the longitudinal section.
C. Compute the longitudinal reinforcement needed.
D. Compute the transverse reinforcement needed.
SOLUTION:
A. Dimension of rectangular combined footing:
Assume total thickness of footing = 650 mm
Effective depth = 650 – 75 = 575 mm

Effective upward soil pressure:

q eff =240−23.5 ( 0.65 )−15.74 (1.15 )=206.62 kPa

535+ 446+ 892+ 668

Area required ¿ =12.30 m2
206.62
Locate the center of gravity of column loads from the center of the left column.

R = 535+446+892+668 = 2541 kN
( 892+668 ) ( 3.6 ) +(535+ 446)(0)
x= =2.21 m
2541

L
Length of footing: =( x +0.225)
2
L=2 ( 2.21+0.225 )=4.87
Lw = 12.30
4.87 w = 12.30
W = 2.53
Use 4.87 m x 2.53 m

1.2 ( 535+892 ) +1.6(446+668)

Ultimate upward pressure: q u=1.2 DL+1.6≪ ¿ = ¿
Area 4.87 (2.53)
¿ 283.64 kN /m2

Upward force per meter along the length of footing: q u=283.64 (2.53)
q u=717.61 kN /m

Shear sections: V A =−1355.6+717.61 ( 0.45 )=−1032.68

V B =−1032.68+717.61 ( 3.125 )=1209.85
V C =1209.85−2139.2+717.61 ( 0.5 )=−570.5
V D=−570.5+717.61 ( 0.795 ) =0

Locate the position of point E, where shear is zero (maximum moment occurs here):
V E=717.6 y−1355.6=0
y=1.889 m
1.889(−1032.68)
Max. moment: M u= =−975.37 kN /m
2

Critical section of Vu is at point D1 a distance “d” from B:

V u=1209.85−717.61 ( 0.575 )=797.22 kN

0.75( √ 20.7)(2530)(575)
∅ V n= =827339 N
6
∅ V n=827.34 kN >792.22 kN
∅ V n >V u (safe)
 Punching shear at the interior column: (Note: d = 575 mm)
Pu=1.2 ( 892 ) +1.6 ( 668 )=2139.2 kN
q u=279.23 kN

V u=2139.2−283.64 ( 1.075 )2=1811.4 kN

b o=4 ( 1075 )=4300 mm
∅ √ f c' bo d 0.75 √20.7 (4300)(575)
∅ V n= = =2812299 N
3 3
∅ V n=2812.3 kN
∅ V n >V u (safe)

Punching shear at the exterior column: Pu = 1.2 (535) + 1.6 (446) = 1355.6 kN

V u=1355.6−283.64 ( 0.7375 ) ( 1.025 )=1141.1 kN

∅ √ f c' bo d
∅ V n=
3
b o=2 ( 737.5 )+ 1025=2500 mm
0.75 √20.7 (2500)(575)
∅ V n= =1635058 N
3
∅ V n=1635.06 kN > 1141.1 kN
∅ V n >V u (safe)

Therefore the dimension of the combined footing is: 4.87 m x 2.53 m x 0.650 m
1.889(−1032.68)
B. Maximum moment of the footing along the longitudinal section: M u=
2
M u=−975.37 kN /m

Reinforcement on the longitudinal section: M u=−975.37 kN . m

M u=∅ f c ' b d 2 ω (1−0.59 ω)
975 ×10 6=0.90(20.7)(2530) ( 575 )2 ω(1−0.59 ω)
ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.00626
ω=0.0651
ρf y
ω=
fc '
ρ( 415)
0.0651=
20.7
ρ=0.0032

1.4
ρmin = =0.00337
415
Use ρ=0.00337
 A s=ρ b d=0.00337 ( 2530 )( 575 ) =4903
Using 25 mm ∅ bars
π
(25)2 N =4903
4
N=9.9 say 10
Use 10-25 mm ∅ bars
Check for development length

Development length of the bar: c = 75 mm (cover dimnension)

Ld 9 f y αβγλ
=
Required development length: db c +k t r
10 √ fc ' ( )
db
k t r=0
c +k t r 75+0
( db ) =
25
=3.0>2.5

c +k t r
Use ( db ) =2.5

Ld 9 f y αβγλ
=
d b 10 √ fc ' ¿ ¿

Ld 9( 415)(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(1.0)
=
db 10 √ 20.7(2.5)

Ld
=42.7
db
Ld=25(42.7)
Ld=1067 mm(required)

Development length furnished:

Ld=1889−75
Ld=1814 mm> 1067 mm

Moment at the overhang portion:

0.795
M u=717.61(0.795)( )
2
M u=226.77 kN ∙ m
M u=∅ f c ' b d 2 ω ( 1−0.59 ω )
226.77 x 106 =0.90(20.7)(2530) ( 575 )2 ω (1−0.59ω)
ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.01455
ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.02466=0
ω=0.0147
 ρf y
ω=
fc '
ρ(415)
0.0147=
20.7
ρ=0.00073
use ρ=0.00337

A s=ρ b d=0.00337 ( 2530 )( 575 ) =4903 mm2

Using 28 mm ∅
π
(28)2 N =4903
4
N=7.9 ≈ 8
use 8−28 mm ∅ bars

Transverse reinforcement needed:

At the interior column:
2139.2
q u=
2.53
q u=845.53 kN /m

1.015
M u=845.53 ( 1.015 ) ( )
2
M u=435.54 kN ∙ m

M u=∅ f c ' b d 2 ω ( 1−0.59 ω )

435.54 x 106=0.90 (20.7 )( 1075 ) ( 575 )2 ω ( 1−0.59 ω )

ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.0658

ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.11149=0
ω=0.0685

ρf y
ω=
fc '
 ρ ( 415 )
0.0685=
20.7
ρ=0.0034> ρ min

use ρ=0.0034
Ab =ρ b d

Ab =0.0034 ( 1075 ) ( 575 )

Ab =2102 mm2
using 22mm ∅
π
(22)2 N =2102
4
N=5.5 ≈ 6 bars
At the interior column:
1355.6
q u=
2.53
kN
q u=535.81
m

M u=535.81 ( 1.04 ) ( 1.042 )

M u=289.77 kN ∙ m

M u=∅ f c ' b d 2 ω ( 1−0.59 ω )

289.77 x 102 =0.90(20.7)(737.50) (575 )2 ω (1−0.59 ω)

ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.06379

ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.10812=0
ω=0.06639
ρf y
ω=
fc '
ρ( 415)
0.06639=
20.7
ρ=0.0033
 ρmin =0.00337

use ρ=0.00337

Ab =ρ b d

Ab =0.00337 ( 737.5 ) (575 )

Ab =1429 mm2
using 22mm ∅
π
(22)2 N =1429
4
N=3.76 ≈ 4 bars
use 4−22 mm ∅
2. A combined footing shown carries an exterior column 300 mm x 450 mm at the property line which
is subjected to a total service load P1=890 kN and P2=1557 kN . The live load is 35% of the
total load. The bearing capacity of the soil at the level of the footing base is 192 kPa and the
average value of the soil and footing unit weight is 18.85 kN /m3 . A surcharge of 4.8 kPa results
from the slab on the grade. fc ' =20.7 MPa , f y =415. Base of footing is at 2.13 m below the
grade. α =1.3reinforcement location factor, β=1.0 coating factor, γ =0.8 reinforcement size
factor, λ=1.0 normal weight concrete used.
Use 2010 NSCP specs:

1) Determine the dimension of the rectangular combined footing and check for shear
strength
2) Determine the longitudinal reinforcement of the combined footing and check for
development length requirements
3) Determine the transverse reinforcement of the combined footing at column A and
column B.

Solution:
1) Determine the dimension of the rectangular combined footing:
Assume total thickness of footing = 875 mm
Effective depth = 875-75 = 800 mm
Effective upward soil pressure:

q eff =192−( 18.85 )( 2.13 )−4.8

q eff =147.05 kPa

Total load 890+1557

Area= = =16.64 m 2
q eff 147.05

x́ R=P1 ( 0 )+ P2 (6)

x́ ( P 1+ P2 ) =0+6 P2

6(1557)
x́=
890+1557
x́=3.82 m
L
=3.82+ 0.15
2
L=7.94 m

Lw=16.64
7.94 w=16.64
w=2.10 m
use 7.94 m x 2.10 m

Ultimate load at column A:

¿=0.35 ( 890 )
¿=311.50 kN
DL=890−311.50
DL=578.50 kN
Pu 1=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿
 Pu 1=1.2(578.50)+1.6(311.50)
Pu 1=1192.60 kN

Ultimate load at column B:

¿=0.35 ( 1557 )
¿=544.95 kN
DL=1557−544.95
DL=1012.05 kN
Pu 2=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿

Pu 2=1.2(1012.05)+1.6(544.95)
Pu 2=2086.38 kN

Ultimate upward pressure:

P u 1+ P u 2
q u=
LW
1192.60+2086.38
q u=
7.94 ( 2.1 )
q u=196.65 kPa

Note: Change the circular column into a square section with equal area:
π
(375)2=x 2
4
x=332 mm
Net upward pressure per m of
Longitudinal section:
q=196.65 ( 2.1 )
q=412.97 kN /m

V A =−1192.60+ 412.97 ( 0.3 )=−1068.71kN

 V B =−1068.71+412.97 ( 5.684 )=1278.61 kN

V C =1278.61−2086.38+412.97 ( 0. .332 )=−670.66 kN

V D=−670.66+412.97 ( 1.624 )=0

V u=1278.61−412.97 ( 0.8 ) =948.23 kN

∅ √ fc ' bd 0.75 √ 20.7 (2100)(800)

∅ V n= =
6 6
∅ V n=955442 N

∅ V n=955.442 kN

∅ V n >V u ( safe )

used d=800 mm

Check for punching shear at column A:

Pu 1=1192.60

q u=196.65

b a=700 ( 2 ) +1200=2600 mm

V u=1192.60−196.65 ( 0.7 )( 1.2 )=1027.41 kN

∅ √ fc ' b a d
∅ V n= ( shear capacity )
3
0.75 √20.7 ( 2600 )( 800 )
∅ V n= =2365857 N
3
∅ V n=2365.86 kN > 1027.41kN

∅ V n >V u (safe)

Punching shear at column B:

Pu 2=2086.38 kN

q u=196.65

V u=2086.38−196.65(1.132)2
V u=1834.39 kN
 b b=1132 ( 4 )=4528

Shear capacity:

∅ √ fc ' b a d
∅ V n=
3
0.75 √ 20.7 (4528)(800)
∅ V n=
3
∅ V n=4120231 N

∅ V n=4120.23 kN >1834.39 kN

∅ V n >V u ( safe )

Use rectangular footing

7.94 m x 2.10 m x 0.875 m.

2) Longitudinal reinforcements:

Shear at F = 0
V F=412.97 y−1192.60=0

412.97 y =1192.60
y=2.89m
−2.89 ( 1068.71 )
Max . M =
2
Max . M =−1544.29 kN ∙m

M u=1544.29 x 106 N ∙mm

M u=∅ fc ' b d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

1544.29 x 106 =0.90 ( 20.7 ) (2100 )( 800 )2 ω ( 1−0.59 ω )

ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.0617
 ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.10454=0
ω=0.064
ρf y
ω=
fc '
ρ ( 415 )
0.064=
20.7
ρ=0.00319
1.4
ρmin = =0.00337
415
use ρ=0.00337

Ab =ρbd

Ab =0.00337 ( 2100 ) ( 800 )

Ab =5662mm 2

Using 20 mm ∅ bars

π
(20)2 N =5662
4
N=18 bars
Use 18−20 mm ∅ bars at the top .
Development length:

Ld 9 f y αβλ
=
db c+ kt r
10 √ fc ' ( )
db

c=75 mm (steel covering)

kt r =0

d b =20

c +kt r 75
( ) db
= =3.75> 2.5
20
 c+ kt r
use ( )
db
=2.5

Ld 9 f y αβγλ
=
d b 10 √ fc ' (2.5)

Ld 9( 415)(1.3)(1.0)( 0.8)(1.0)
=
db 10 √ 20.7(2.5)
Ld
=34.15
db

Ld=20 ( 34.15 )=683 mm (required development length)

Ld furnished=2890−75=2815 mm>683
Reinforcement at the overhang portion.
1.624
M u=412.97(1.624)( )
2
M u=544.58 kN ∙ m.

M u=∅ fc ' b d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

544.58 x 106 =0.90(20.7)(2100)(800)2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.0217

ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.03686=0
ω=0.022
ρf y
ω=
fc '
ρ( 415)
0.022=
20.7
ρ=0.0011
use ρmin=0.00337

Ab =ρbd

Ab =0.00337 ( 2100 ) ( 800 )

Ab =5662mm 2
Using 20 mm ∅ bars

π
(20)2 N =5662
4
N=18 bars
Use 18−20 mm ∅ bars

3) Transverse reinforcement:
At the interior column:

2086.38
q=
2.10
q=993.51 kN /m
0.884
M u=993.51(0.884)( )
2
M u=388.2 kN ∙ m

M u=∅ fc ' b d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

388.2 x 106=0.90(20.7)(1132)(800)2 ω(1−0.59ω)

ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.0288

ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.04875=0
ω=0.0293
ρf y
ω=
fc '
ρ=0.00146
use ρmin=0.00337

Ab =ρbd

Ab =0.00337 ( 1132 ) ( 800 )

Ab =3052 mm2

Using 20 mm ∅ bars
 π
(20)2 N =3052
4
N=9.7 ≈ 10 bars

At the exterior column A:

1192.60 kN
q= =567.90
2.10 m

M u=567.90 ( 0.825 ) ( 0.825

2 )
M u=193.27 kN ∙ m

M u=∅ fc ' b d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

193.27 x 106 =0.90(20.7)(700)(800)2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.023

ω 2−1.6949 ω+0.0392=0
ω=0.023
ρf y
ω=
fc '
ρ(415)
0.023=
20.7
ρ=0.0011
use ρmin=0.00337

A s=ρbd

A s=0.00337 ( 700 ) ( 800 )

A s=1887 mm2

Using 20 mm ∅ bars

π
(20)2 N =1887
4
N=6 bars
3. A rectangular combined footing carries the given tabulated loads
Exterior column size Interior column size
(300 x 300 mm) (375 x 375 mm)
P DL=268 kN P DL=490 kN

P¿ =268 kN P¿ =400 kN
M DL =27 kN M DL =40.5 kN

M ¿ =27 kN M ¿ =40.5 kN

Shear is zero at max. moment

353.18 γ −830.8=0
γ =2.35

−724.846( 2.35)
Max . M =
2
Max . M =−851.69 kN ∙ m

M u=851.69 x 10 6 kN ∙ mm

M u=∅ fc ' b d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

851.69 x 106 =0.90(20.7)(3580)(376)2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

 ω ( 1−0.59 ω )=0.09

ω 2−1.69 w+0.152=0
ω=0.095

fc ' 0.095(20.7)
ρ=ω =
fy 414.7
ρ=0.0047
1.4 1.4
ρmin = =
f y 414.7

ρmin =0.0034

Use ρ=0.0047
A s=ρbd

A s=0.0047 ( 3580 ) ( 376 )

A s=6327 mm2

π
(28)2 N =6327
4
N=10.27 ≈ 12

Use 12−28 ∅ mm
Note: Spacing of bars should not be greater than 300 mmm. If we use 11 bars, the spacing
3580−752(2)
would be =311.82 mm . Therefore use 12-28 mm ∅bars
11

4. A trapezoidal footing is to be designed to carry loads P1∧P2 which has spacing of 5.48 m
center as shown in the figure. Column 1 carries a dead load of 1200 kN and a live load of
816kN while column 2 carries a dead load of 900 kN and a live load of 660 kN. Both columns
have cross sections of 460 mm x 460 mm, fc’=21 MPa, fy=400 MPa. Allowable bearing
capacity of soil is 190 kPa. Use NSCP 2001 specs:

1) Compute the dimension of A and B

2) Compute the maximum design moment for the trapezoidal footing on the longitudinal
section
3) Compute the adequacy of the trapezoidal footing if it has a thickness of 965 mm with
75 mm steel covering.

Solution:
1) Dimension of trapezoidal footing:
Ultimate upward soil pressure q u :

qa qu
=
Total load Σ Pu
Total load=1200+816+ 900+660
Total load =3567 kN
Σ P u=1.4 ( 1200 ) +1.7 ( 816 ) +1.4 ( 900 ) +1.7(660)

Σ P u=5449.20

190(5449.20)
q u= =289.53 kPa
3576

L=5.48+ 0.46=5.94 m
 (A + B)(5.94)
Area= =2.97( A+ B)
2
5449.20
Area= =18.82 m 2
289.53

Locate the center of the area by summation of moments through the center of column 1.

( 5449.2 ) γ =P2 ( 5.48 ) + P1 (0)

( 5449.2 ) γ =2382(5.48)

( B− A ) L ( B−A ) L
At =
2 ()
2
=
4
A x́= A1 x1 + A 2 x 2+ A 3 x 3

( A +B ) L ( B− A ) L L ( B− A ) L L L
2
x́=
4 3
+() 4 3 ( )
+ AL( )
2

( B−A ) L ( B−A ) L
( A+ B ) x́= + + AL
6 6

( BL− AL)
( A+ B ) x́= + AL
3

( BL−2 AL )
( A+ B ) x́=
3
L B+ 2 A
x́= [
3 A +B ]
0.46
x́=2.395+ =2.625 m
2
5.94 B+ 2 A
2.625=
3 [
A +B ]
1.326 ( A + B )=B+2 A
0.326 B=0.674 A
A=0.484 B
 Area=2.97( A+ B)
18.82=2.97 (A + B)
A+ B=6.337
0.484 B+ B=(6.337)
B=4.27 m
A=0.484 ( 4.27 )=2.07 m
Use A=2.07∧B=4.27 m.

2) Maximum design moment of the footing:

Pressure at big end:

f 1=289.53 ( 4.27 ) =1236.3 kN /m

Pressure at small end:

f 2=2.07 ( 289.53 )=599.3 kN /m

By ratio∧proportion :
x 637
=
y 5.94
y=107.24 x

Location of maximum moment (shear is zero)

xy
3067.2+ −1236.3 ( x )=0
2
x ( 107.24 ) x
3067.2+ −1236.3 x=0
2

x 2−23.06 x+ 57.20=0
x=2.83 m
y=107.24 ( 2.83 )=303.49 kN /m

M =1236.3 ( 2.83 ) ( 2.832 )−3067.2 ( 2.6 )− xy2 ( 3x )

 1236.3(2.83)2 xy x
M= −3067.2 ( 2.6 ) − ( )
2 2 3

1236.3(2.83)2 2.83 (303.49)(2.83)

M= −3067.2 ( 2.6 ) −
2 6
M =−3429 kN ∙ m

3) Adequacy of the footing:

h 1 303.49 h2 637
= =
0.23 2.83 0.46 5.94
h1 =24.66 h2 =49.33

h1 303.49 h2 637
= =
1.35 2.83 1.35 5.94
h1 =144.77 h2 =144.77

24.66 ( 0.23 )
V A =1236.3 ( 0.23 )− =281.51
2
V B =281.51−3067.2=−2785.69

( h1 +h2 )
V C =−2785.69− ( 1.12 )+1236.3(1.12)
2
( 24.66+144.77 )
V C =−2785.69− ( 1.12 ) +1236.3(1.12)
2
V C =−1405.91

( 24.66+144.77 )
V D=0+ ( 2.65 )=2095.41
2
( 747.07+648.63 )
V E=2095.41− (0.89)
2
V E=1475.66
 V u=−1495.91kN (critical shear force) at point C, a distance “d” from face pf
exterior column.

Beam shear:

x 1.1
=
1.35 5.94
x=0.25
b=4.27−2 ( 0.25 )=3.77 m .

For Beam shear:

0.85 √ fc ' bd
∅ V n=
6
0.85 √ 21( 3770)(890)
∅ V n=
6
 ∅ V n=2178255 N

∅ V n >1495910 N (safe)
The footing is safe.

5. A trapezoidal footing is to be designed to carry loads P1∧P2 which has spacing of 5.48 m
center as shown in the figure. Column 1 carries a dead load of 1200 kN and a live load of
816kN while column 2 carries a dead load of 900 kN and a live load of 660 kN. Both columns
have cross sections of 460 mm x 460 mm, fc’=2 1 MPa, fy=400 MPa. Allowable bearing
capacity of soil is 191 kPa. Use NSCP 2001 specs:

1. Compute the dimension of A and B

2. Compute the maximum design moment for the trapezoidal footing on the longitudinal
section
3. Compute the adequacy of the trapezoidal footing if it has a thickness of 965 mm with
75 mm steel covering.
 Solution:
1. Dimension of trapezoidal footing:
Ultimate upward soil pressure q u :

qa q
= u
Total load Σ Pu
Total load =1200+816+ 900+660
Total load=3567 kN
Σ P u=1.4 ( 1200 ) +1.7 ( 816 ) +1.4 ( 900 ) +1.7(660)
Σ P u=5449.20

191(5449.20)
q u= =2 91.0506711 kPa
3576

L=5.48+ 0.46=5.94 m
(A + B)(5.94)
Area= =2.97( A+ B)
2
5449.20
Area= =18. 72251309 m 2
291.0506711

Locate the center of the area by summation of moments through the center of column 1.

( 5449.2 ) γ =P2 ( 5.48 ) + P1 (0)

( 5449.2 ) γ =2382(5.48)

( B− A ) L ( B−A ) L
At =
2 ()
2
=
4
A x́= A1 x1 + A 2 x 2+ A 3 x 3

( A +B ) L ( B− A ) L L ( B− A ) L L L
2
x́=
4 3 ()
+
4 3 ( )
+ AL( )
2

( B−A ) L ( B−A ) L
( A+ B ) x́= + + AL
6 6
 ( BL− AL)
( A+ B ) x́= + AL
3

( BL−2 AL )
( A+ B ) x́=
3
L B+ 2 A
x́= [
3 A +B ]
0.46
x́=2.395+ =2.625 m
2
5.94 B+ 2 A
2.625=
3 [
A +B ]
1.326 ( A + B )=B+2 A
0.326 B=0.674 A
A=0.484 B
Area=2.97( A+ B)
18. 7 2251309=2.97( A+ B)
A+ B=6.3 03876461
0.484 B+ B=(6.337)
B=4.2 47895189 m
A=0.484 ( 4.27 )=2.0 55981272 m
Use A=2.05∧B=4.2 4 m.

2. Maximum design moment of the footing:

Pressure at big end:

f 1=289.53 ( 4.27 ) =1236.3 kN /m

Pressure at small end:

f 2=2.07 ( 289.53 )=599.3 kN /m

By ratio∧proportion :
 x 637
=
y 5.94
y=107.24 x

Location of maximum moment (shear is zero)

xy
3067.2+ −1236.3 ( x )=0
2
x ( 107.24 ) x
3067.2+ −1236.3 x=0
2

x 2−23.06 x+ 57.20=0
x=2.83 m
y=107.24 ( 2.83 )=303.49 kN /m

M =1236.3 ( 2.83 ) ( 2.832 )−3067.2 ( 2.6 )− xy2 ( 3x )

1236.3(2.83)2 xy x
M= −3067.2 ( 2.6 ) − ( )
2 2 3

1236.3(2.83)2 2.83 (303.49)(2.83)

M= −3067.2 ( 2.6 ) −
2 6
M =−3429 kN ∙ m
3. Adequacy of the footing:
h 1 303.49 h2 637
= =
0.23 2.83 0.46 5.94
h1 =24.66 h2 =49.33

h1 303.49 h2 637
= =
1.35 2.83 1.35 5.94
h1 =144.77 h2 =144.77

24.66 ( 0.23 )
V A =1236.3 ( 0.23 )− =281.51
2
V B =281.51−3067.2=−2785.69
 ( h1 +h2 )
V C =−2785.69− ( 1.12 )+1236.3(1.12)
2
( 24.66+144.77 )
V C =−2785.69− ( 1.12 ) +1236.3(1.12)
2
V C =−1405.91

( 24.66+144.77 )
V D=0+ ( 2.65 )=2095.41
2
( 747.07+648.63 )
V E=2095.41− (0.89)
2
V E=1475.66

V u=−1495.91kN (critical shear force) at point C, a distance “d” from face pf

exterior column.

Beam shear:
 x 1.1
=
1.35 5.94
x=0.25
b=4.27−2 ( 0.25 )=3.77 m .

For Beam shear:

0.85 √ fc ' bd
∅ V n=
6
0.85 √ 21( 3770)(890)
∅ V n=
6
∅ V n=2178255 N

∅ V n >1495910 N (safe)
The footing is safe.