CH 8

Chapter 8 DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis
1) Which scientist is credited with the first example of using DNA fingerprinting
evidence to solve a crime?
A) Francis Crick
B) Alex Jefferies
C) Kary Mullis
D) Colin Pitchfork
E) Barry Sheck
Answer: B
2) The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is a gene’s ________.
A) genome
B) telomere
C) locus
D) allele
E) None of these choices

Answer: C
3) ________ are tandemly repeated sequences of DNA also called short

tandem repeats.
A) VNTRs
B) Microsatellites
C) Minisatellites
D) Telomeres
E) Centromeres
Answer: B
4) Variations in restriction enzyme-cutting patterns of DNA from different

individuals are called ________.
A) STRs
B) VNTRs
C) RFLPs
D) microsatellites
E) minisatellites
Answer: C
5) Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to separate DNA

molecules by size?
A) PCR
B) RFLP
C) Chromatography
D) DNA sequencing
E) Gel electrophoresis
Answer: E
6) The Innocence Project is an effort to use DNA evidence ________.

A) to convict the accused
B) for paternity testing
C) to exonerate convicted individuals
D) for the identification of remains
E) to study familial inheritance
Answer: C
7) DNA is present in all of the following human cell types except ________.
A) skin cells
B) erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
C) leukocytes (white blood cells)
D) hair
E) buccal (cheek) cells
Answer: B
8) Single-stranded DNA molecules that can bind to and be used to detect other
DNA molecules are called ________.
A) primers
B) probes
C) RFLPs
D) STRs
E) LINES
Answer: B
9) VNTR analysis involves ________.
A) cutting DNA with restriction enzyme and analyzing the banding pattern of
fragments
B) PCR amplification of specific genes
C) analyzing specific loci for 2 base repeating units usually less than 100 bp in
size
D) analyzing specific loci for 2 to 4 bp repeating units
Answer: A
10) Which of the following cell types would not be suitable for DNA
fingerprinting?
A) Skin cells
B) Erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
C) Leukocytes (white blood cells)
D) Hair
E) Buccal (cheek) cells
Answer: B
11) The DNA profiling database maintained by the FBI is called ________.
A) GenBank
B) the Human Genome Project
C) CODIS
D) APHIS
E) the Innocence Project
Answer: C
12) The source of most mitochondrial DNA an organism inherits is ________.
A) the nucleus of the sperm
B) the nucleus of the egg
C) the cytoplasm of the sperm
D) the cytoplasm of the egg
Answer: D
13) Which technique uses the least amount of sample needed for forensic
analysis?
A) PCR
B) RFLP
C) Genomic DNA
D) cDNA isolation
E) Southern blot
Answer: A
14) A repeated sequence, which, for example, can be 10 copies of the
sequence TTA, is called a ________.
A) VNTR
B) RFLP
C) STR
D) HPLC
E) PCR
Answer: C
15) One of the biggest problems with using DNA forensic analyses to solve
crimes is ________.
A) reliable technology
B) sample contamination
C) electrophoresis errors
D) RFLP classification
E) the lack of computer technology
Answer: B
16) The best way to determine paternity is with ________.
A) an RFLP analysis of the entire genome
B) a PCR of the X chromosome
C) a histochemistry workup
D) Y-chromosome analysis
E) blood cell analysis
Answer: D
17) The Frye standard is ________.
A) a method for determining paternity
B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404
C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if

the foundation is solid
D) using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from
the scientific community
E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence

Answer: D
18) The Daubert standard is ________.

Answer: E
19) The Coppolino standard is ________.

Answer: C
20) How many unique STR regions does the FBI use in forensic analysis?
A) 1
B) 5
C) 13
D) 50
E) 100+
Answer: C
21) Explain why using 13 STR regions helps the FBI to gain assurance that they
have the correct information.
Answer: The more STR sites used, the greater the assurance that the DNA
found at the crime scene matches that of the accused. If the FBI used one or
two or even five STRs, there would still be a chance that the person accused
might not be the crime’s perpetrator. When all 13 “CODIS” sites are used,
there is an over 99.9999% chance that the match is exact.
22) How has the invention of forensic science helped with crime-solving?
Answer: Using DNA techniques, law enforcement can use much smaller
samples from crime scenes than previously needed for traditional techniques.
Forensic analysis provides greater assurances that the criminal has been
identified. Blood typing, for example, merely rules someone out; it cannot
prove that a match is a certainty.
23) What are some important steps that a forensic technician must follow to
minimize evidence contamination?
Answer:
Wear and change disposable gloves frequently
Use disposable instruments
Avoid taking, sneezing, or coughing when handling samples
Do not touch anything that may contain DNA
Air-dry evidence
Store evidence in specially designed bags
Introduction to Biotechnology, 3e (Thieman)

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Chapter 8 DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis

2) The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is a gene’s ________.

E) None of these choices

3) ________ are tandemly repeated sequences of DNA also called short

4) Variations in restriction enzyme-cutting patterns of DNA from different

5) Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to separate DNA

6) The Innocence Project is an effort to use DNA evidence ________.

B) for paternity testing

C) to exonerate convicted individuals

D) for the identification of remains

E) to study familial inheritance

B) erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)

C) leukocytes (white blood cells)

E) buccal (cheek) cells

9) VNTR analysis involves ________.

B) PCR amplification of specific genes

D) analyzing specific loci for 2 to 4 bp repeating units

E) None of these choices

B) Erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)

C) Leukocytes (white blood cells)

E) Buccal (cheek) cells

B) the Human Genome Project

E) the Innocence Project

A) the nucleus of the sperm

B) the nucleus of the egg

C) the cytoplasm of the sperm

D) the cytoplasm of the egg

E) None of these choices

E) the lack of computer technology

A) an RFLP analysis of the entire genome

B) a PCR of the X chromosome

E) blood cell analysis

17) The Frye standard is ________.

A) a method for determining paternity

B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404

C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if

E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence

18) The Daubert standard is ________.

A) a method for determining paternity

B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404

C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if

E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence

19) The Coppolino standard is ________.

A) a method for determining paternity

B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404

C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if

Wear and change disposable gloves frequently

Use disposable instruments

Avoid taking, sneezing, or coughing when handling samples

Do not touch anything that may contain DNA

Introduction to Biotechnology, 3e (Thieman)

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