كورس حمايه ممتع

‫ﻛﻮرس اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ )اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ( اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫‪Cooper Bussmann‬‬
‫‪© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.‬‬

Suggestion on How to Use
• Industry Trainers are encouraged to use this

material in their sessions
• Download both the PowerPoint file (.ppt) and script
file (.pdf)
• Print the script file (.pdf) and read the script as you
view the PowerPoint presentation in the “Slide
Show” view. In this way you see the slides in large
format and have animation (if there is any)
• Must have PowerPoint and Adobe Reader
application software on your system.
© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Application
Considerations
Electrical Installation - Roles
Inspectors Insurance
Underwriters
Engr. Arch. Owner
Workers
Maintenance
Contractor
Electrician
Electrical Installation - Goals
Work Practices/
Protection Rules
Good
Practices Inspectors Insurance
Underwriters
Cost Engr. Arch. Owner
Workers
Maintenance
Contractor
Codes & Stds Reliability
Maintenance
Electrician
Requirements
Space Safety
Legal

file (.pdf)

Types of Overcurrent
&
Calculations
NEC® Article 100 – Definitions
Overcurrent
Any current in excess of the rated current of
equipment or the ampacity of a conductor. It may
result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault.

NEC® Article 100 – Definitions
Overload
Operation of equipment in excess of normal, full-load rating,
or of a conductor in excess of rated ampacity that, when it
persists for a sufficient length of time, would cause damage
or dangerous overheating. A fault, such as a short circuit or
ground fault, is not an overload.

Normal Load
IL= VS / RT
IL
R R R
Source
Load
VS IL
R
R R R

Overload
IOL= VS / RT
R R R
Source
VS Load
R
R R R
Within the normal path

Short Circuit
ISC= VS / RT
R R R
Source
VS Load
R
R R R
Out of the circuit
Outside the normal path

Types of Faults
• Bolted Faults
• Arcing Faults

Bolted Arcing
Short Circuit Fault
Current
Thru Air
A B A B
Bolted Faults –Various Types
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd C
N
Ground

Bolted Faults – Three Phase
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd C
N
Ground
Typically considered the “worst

case” or highest magnitude

Bolted Faults – Line to Line
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd C
N
Ground
87 % of the three phase

bolted fault

Bolted Faults – Line to
Ground
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd C
N
Ground
Typically much lower than 3 fault, but

can be > 3 fault near Xfmr terminals

Arcing Faults – Many Variables Effect Current &
Whether Sustainable
System Voltage
Gap spacing
Available 3 Short Circuit Amps
Amount of Copper Vaporized
Degree of Containment
Configuration of Equipment
Typically does not sustain on 208Y/120V
A B

Arcing Faults – Progression
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd
C
N
Ground

Arcing Faults – Three Phase
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd C
N
Ground
Can vary widely possibly up to

89% of 3 bolted fault

Arcing Faults – Line to Line
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd C
N
Ground
Can vary widely possibly up to

74% of 3 bolted fault

Arcing Faults – Line to
Ground
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd C
N
Ground
Can vary widely

Arcing Faults – Sustainability
A
480Y/277 V
3 / 4W B
Solid Grd C
N
Ground
Rule of thumb:
Arcing faults will typically not sustain
at less than 38% of 3 bolted fault
How do you know what the short-circuit current is
throughout a system?
and
What are some typical values

Short Circuit Currents Transformer Size & % Z
Vary Depending on Many Voltage
Factors Conductor Size & Length
MSB
M M

Short Circuit Currents
60,000 A
Vary Depending on Many
Factors
60,000 A
MSB
18,000 A 40,000 A 27,000 A
9,000 A
M M

Short Circuit Current Examples #1
500 KVA 1500 KVA 1500 KVA
5%Z 5% Z 5% Z
480/277V 480/277V 208/120V
1 2 3
500 KVA 1500 KVA 1500 KVA

2%Z 2%Z 2%Z
480/277V 480/277V 208/120V
1A 2A 3A
How to Calculate Transformer
Secondary (assuming infinite primary)
Isca = (Xfmr FLA) x 100 / %Z
(increase result by 10% due to UL
tolerance for transformer impedances)

Short Circuit Current Example #1 Answers
500 KVA 1500 KVA 1500 KVA
5%Z 5% Z 5% Z
480/277V 480/277V 208/120V
13,222 A 39,666 A
1 2 3 91,608 A
500 KVA 1500 KVA 1500 KVA

2%Z 2%Z 2%Z
480/277V 480/277V 208/120V
33,055 A 99,165 A
1A 2A 3A 229,020 A
Short Circuit Current Example #2
208/120V 480/277V 480/277V
4 40,000 A. 5 40,000 A. 6 40,000 A.
50 ft # 1 50 ft 250 kcm
4A 5A 6A

Calculating Short Circuit
Currents
Utilize Point-to-Point Method

Steps 4, 5 & 6 for 3 Faults

Short Circuit Current Example #2 Answers
208/120V 480/277V 480/277V
4 40,000 A. 5 40,000 A. 6 40,000 A.
50 ft # 1 50 ft 250 kcm
4A 5A 6A
12,367 A. 20,322 A. 28,818 A.

Summary / Questions / To
come
• Overcurrent – overloads, bolted faults, & arcing
faults
• Fault currents can be determined through out
distribution system
• Short circuit currents needed to assess I.R.,
Component Pro, Coordination, Arc Flash Hazards
& OCPD Selection


file (.pdf)

Types of Overcurrent
Protective Devices
Circuit Breakers
• NEC® Definition - Article 100

– A device designed to open and close a
circuit by non-automatic means, and to
open the circuit automatically on a
predetermined overcurrent without injury to
itself when properly applied within its rating.

Thermal-Mag CB Construction
Terminals
• Molded case frame
provides insulated Arc
housing for Extinguishers
components (Arc Chutes)
• Contacts open and
close circuit Contacts
• Handle or Operating
mechanism opens and Handle or
closes contacts – Operating
cannot be “teased” - Mechanism
quick-make, quick
break Molded
Case Frame

Thermal-Mag CB Construction
Terminals
• Trip Unit (not shown)
detects overcurrent
Arc
condition – triggers
release of contacts Extinguishers
(Arc Chutes)
• Contacts are pulled
through Arc
Extinguishers (Arc Contacts
Chutes) which help to
confine, divide and Handle or
extinguish the arc when Operating
clearing an overcurrent Mechanism
• Terminals typically
rated 60/75 deg C
Molded
Case Frame

Thermal-Magnetic CB Trip
Unit

Thermal-Mag CB Trip Unit -
Operation
• Trip Unit –
Thermal
– Overload -
Bimetal
element
deflects and
contacts trip
bar which
releases
contacts.

Thermal-Mag CB Trip Unit -
Operation
• Trip Unit -
Magnetic
– Short Circuit -
magnetic
element’s
electric field
attracts trip
bar armature
and releases
contacts.

Molded Case Circuit Breaker
(MCCB) Ratings
• Voltage Rating:
– NEC 240.83(E) & 240.85 cover circuit breaker
voltage marking and basic requirements
1) AC assumed, Verify if rated for DC
2) Slash ratings (such as 120/240 or 480/277) can only be
used on solidly grounded systems where the voltage to
ground does not exceed the lower rating and the voltage
between any conductor does not exceed the higher rating.
3) Corner-grounded, resistance-grounded & ungrounded
systems require “straight” rated breakers (240, 480 or 600)
4) Corner-grounded systems require special ratings and must
be marked “1 phase - 3 phase” (2 pole CB)

MCCB Ratings
• Ampere Rating:
– 80% rated unless marked and applied in equipment
for 100% rating - Typically rated up to 2500A
• Interrupting Rating:
1) AC assumed unless marked, verify DC ratings with
manufacturer
2) Interrupting rating varies, dependent upon voltage
and manufacturer - Typical values - 10, 14, 18, 22,
25, 30, 35, 42, 50, 65, 100, 125, 200 kA.
3) MCCB applied on corner-grounded systems may
have lower ratings.

MCCB Types
• Branch-Circuit MCCBs include:

– Thermal-Magnetic and Electronic Trip
– Current-Limiting
• Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCBs) include:
– Thermal-Magnetic and Electronic Trip – UL 489
– Current-limiting – UL 489
– MCP (mag-only) – UL 489 (recognized)

Thermal-Magnetic CB
• Known as inverse time circuit
breakers
1) Higher the current, faster it trips
2) Sustained overload may take may
seconds to trip
3) Short-Circuit will cause the CB to
open instantaneously and may take
½ to 1 cycles to clear the short-circuit
4) Instantaneous setting can be fixed or
adjustable

Thermal-Magnetic CB –
Instantaneous Trip
• Fixed Instantaneous Setting
– 20A CB have fixed instantaneous
setting of approximately 8 times
the ampere rating.
• Adjustable Instantaneous Setting
– Typically 5-10 times the ampere
rating.
– Figure shows 100A CB
• Setting of 5X = 500A = I.T.
• Setting of 10X = 1000A = I.T.

Electronic Trip CB
• Similar internal
construction as thermal-
magnetic circuit breaker.
• Adjustable Trip Settings:
– Long time pick-up (LTPU)
– Long time delay (LTD)
– Short-time pick-up (STPU)
• Instantaneous
Override if STPU is
below max setting.
– Short-time delay (STD)
– Settings may include
Ground Fault

Current Limiting CB
• Similar to thermal-magnetic circuit
breakers with an addition of
current-limiter
• Typically a fused limiter or non-
fused limiter (additional arc
extinguishers)
• Typically have increased
interrupting ratings (200 kA)
• Increased current-limiting ability
allows for better short-circuit
protection of downstream
components

Motor Circuit Protector (MCP)
• MCPs are mag-only circuit
breakers.
• MCP typically cannot be used
to replace a thermal magnetic
or electronic trip circuit breaker
(unless in a motor circuit with a
starter that is listed for use with
the MCP) – NEC 430.52(C)(3).
• Mag-only or MCP trip curve
compared to a thermal-mag CB
is shown to the right

Supplementary Protectors
• Supplementary Protectors
– Recognized to U.L. 1077 and limited per NEC
240.10.
• Cannot be used as a branch circuit protective
device or in place of a UL 489 circuit breaker.
• For supplemental protection of an appliance or
other electrical equipment where branch circuit
overcurrent protection is already provided, or is
not required.
• Low interrupting ratings.
• Typically can be applied only on solidly grounded
systems (480/277V).
• Most are short-circuit tested and must be applied
in series with a fuse (or circuit breaker).

Insulated Case (ICCB)
• Larger physical size

and amp ratings
• Typically rated up to
5,000A with
interrupting ratings of
100,000A or more
• Electronic Trip Units
• Instantaneous
Overrides

Low Voltage Power Circuit
Breaker (LVPCB)
• Typically used in industrial facilities where selective
coordination, circuit breaker maintenance, and
drawout capability are required.
• Drawout capability means that these circuit
breakers can be racked in and out of the low
voltage switchgear for inspection and maintenance.
• Utilize two-step stored energy operating
mechanism
– Opening and closing springs
– Opening springs are charged when LVPCB is
closed
– Open-Close-Open operation without recharging
• Close & Open is typically 5 cycles or less
• Amp ratings up to 4,000A with
interrupting ratings up to 100,000A

LVPCBs
1. May be required upstream of
MCCBs and ICCBs (which have
instantaneous trips or overrides)
for coordination capabilities
2. Can "hold-in" on faults for up to
30 cycles (.5 seconds) in order to
achieve coordination with
downstream devices
3. Typically equipped with
adjustable electronic trip units
with STD and without
instantaneous override
4. Downstream components may
need increased short-circuit
current (withstand) ratings

Fuse Basics
• A “fusible” link or links encapsulated in a tube
and connected to contact terminals.
• Resistance of the link is so low that it simply
acts as a conductor.
• Can be single-element or dual-element
construction
• During an overcurrent the fusible link melts and
opens the circuit to protect conductors and
system components.

Fuse Construction
• Dual Element Time-Delay

– Designed to be sized close to load and
accommodate motor and transformer inrush
which could not be accomplished by single-
element non-time-delay or fast-acting fuses.
– Overload (time delay) Element
– Short Circuit (current limitation) Element

Overload Operation
• Dual Element Time-Delay

– Under sustained overload condition, spring
operated trigger assembly separates the
“connector” from the short-circuit element,
opening the circuit.
Short-Circuit Operation
• Dual Element Time-
Delay
– Under a short-circuit
condition, restricted
portions of the short-
circuit element melt and
arc to burn back the
resulting gaps until the
arcs are suppressed by
the arc quenching
material and increased
arc resistance.

Branch-Circuit Fuse Ratings
• Branch-circuit fuse holders prevent installation of fuses
that cannot provide a comparable level of protection.
– When installed in rejection style clips, current-limiting branch
circuit fuses cannot be replaced with fuses which are not
current-limiting, have lower voltage ratings or higher current
ratings than the fuseholder.
• Branch-circuit characteristics include:
1) 10,000A Minimum Interrupting Rating up to 300,000A
2) 125V AC Minimum Voltage Rating
• NEC 240.60(C) covers required fuse voltage marking.
• NEC 240.60(A)(2) permits 300V cartridge fuses to be used on
single-phase 277V lighting circuits.
• NEC 240.61 allows fuses rated 600V or less to be used for
voltages below their rating.

Branch-Circuit Fuse Classes
• Fuse classes and UL/CSA/ANCE standard governing
performance and characteristics include:
1) Class L – UL/CSA/ANCE 248-10
2) Class H – UL/CSA/ANCE 248-6, 7 & 9
3) Class RK1 & Class RK5 – UL/CSA/ANCE 248-12
4) Class J – UL/CSA/ANCE 248-8
5) Class T – UL/CSA/ANCE 248-15
6) Class G – UL/CSA/ANCE 248-5
7) Class CC – UL/CSA/ANCE 248-4

Class L
• 600V AC, 601A up to 6000A
• Amperage case sizes include:
– 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000,
5000, 6000
• 200kA Interrupting rating or higher
• Time-delay or fast-acting
– Time-delay typically 500% for 4 or 5 seconds
• Current limiting
• Rejection feature – class or size rejecting
• Applications:
– Main or large feeder circuits
– Mixed loads (time-delay)
– Motor or transformer loads (time-delay)

Class H/K Fuses
• 250V AC or 600V AC, up to 600A
– 30, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600
• Interrupting rating is only 10 kA for Class H
fuses, 50 kA to 200kA for Class K5 fuses.
• Non-time delay or time-lag
• These fuses are dimensionally the same
as the Class R fuses, however, they do not
have the rejection feature.
• Renewable Fuses or One-Time Fuses
• They are general purpose fuses for general
applications

Class RK1, RK5
• 250V AC or 600V AC, up to 600A
– 30, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600
• Current limiting - RK1 more current-limiting
than RK5
• Rejection feature – prevents replacement of
Class R fuses with Class H fuses - Notch in
ferrule (for cartridge fuses) or blade
• Applications:
– Branch, feeder circuits
– Motors & transformers (time-delay)

Class J
• 600V AC, up to 600A
– 30, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600
• Rejection feature – class or size rejecting
• Space saving design compared to Class R
• Applications:
– Branch, feeder circuits
– Motors & transformers (time-delay)

Class T • 300V AC or 600V AC, up to 1200A
– 30, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1200
• 200kA Interrupting rating
• Fast-acting
• Rejection feature – class or size
rejecting
• Best space saving design of any power
fuse
• Applications:
– Heating and lighting circuits
– 277V single phase lighting circuits
(300V fuses)
– Residential and multi-metering

Class G Fuses
• 600V AC, up to 20A
• 480V AC, 25-60A
– 15, 20, 30, 60
• Time-delay (6 to 60 amperes)
• Rejecting feature
• Length of fuse varies with the
amperage
• Applications:
– Small motors & transformers
– General applications

Class CC Fuses
• 600V AC, up to 30A
• Fast-acting or time-delay
• Current-limiting
• 13/32” Diameter, 1-1/2” Length
• Grooved ferrules provide rejection feature
• Applications:
– General purpose
– Street lighting, lighting ballasts, heating, motor control circuits
(fast-acting)
– Small motors or transformer circuits (time-delay)

Supplemental Fuses
• Fuses can have many voltages and interrupting
ratings within the same case size.
• Interrupting ratings range from 35 to 100,000 A
• Examples of supplemental fuses are ¼” X 1¼ ”,
5 X 20 mm, and 13/32” X 1½” fuses
• Supplemental fuses can only be used where
proper protection is already being provided by a
branch circuit device or if protection is not
required.

Cable Limiters
• NEC 230.82(1) allows the application of cable
limiters on the supply side of the service
disconnect.
– The application of cable limiters on the supply side
of service-entrance conductors provides:
• Short-circuit, current-limiting protection for
downstream equipment
– Decreased possibility of severe equipment
damage or burn-down against high short-
circuit currents.
• Isolation of one or more faulted conductors.
– Only the cable limiters in the faulted
conductors open, other conductors remain in
operation.
– Keeps the service in operation and continuity
of service is improved.

High Speed Fuses
High-Speed Fuses • Typically used for protection of
Required for protection drives, SCRs or sensitive
of VFD – Replacement electronic equipment
fuses must be marked
• Very Current-limiting
Replace with: • NEC 430.52(C)(5) permits the
Bussmann use of high-speed fuses in
FWH-400A power electronic devices in
solid-state motor controller
VFD
system if replacement fuses are
marked adjacent to the fuses.

GFCI Protective Devices
• Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
– Article 100 defines a ground-fault circuit
interrupter as a device intended for the
protection of personnel that functions to
de-energize a circuit or portion thereof
within an established period of time when
a current to ground exceeds the values
established for a Class A device.
– Note: Class A ground-fault circuit
interrupters trip when the current to
ground has a value in the range of 4 to 6
mA or greater.

GF Protective Devices
• Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment (GFP)
– Article 100 defines ground-fault protection of
equipment as a system intended to provide protection
of equipment from damaging line-to-ground fault
currents by operating to cause a disconnecting
means to open all ungrounded conductors of the
faulted circuit. This protection is provided at current
levels less than those required to protect conductors
from damage through the operation of a supply circuit
overcurrent device.

Motor Circuit Devices
• Manual Motor Protectors/Starters
– Sometimes called MMPs
– Provide motor overload protection per NEC
430.32(A)(1) & (B)(1)
– Provide controller function (On-Off) per
NEC 430.83(A)(1) (HP rated & Listed to UL
508)
– Provide limited amount of short-circuit
protection via a magnetic trip, but not
acceptable for branch-circuit, short-circuit
and ground fault protection (NEC 430.52).

• Manual Motor Protectors (Cont)
– If marked “Suitable as Motor Disconnect”
(and lockable in the “off” position per UL
508) – can be used as a motor disconnecting
means if located between the final motor
branch-circuit, short-circuit and ground fault
protective device and the motor (NEC
430.109(A)(6).
– Typically suitable for group motor protection
applications (as long as they are protected by
a branch-circuit device) per NEC 430.53(D).

• Self-Protected Starters
– Often called “Coordinated protected
starters” and “Type E” starters – Listed to
UL 508 as a combination Starter.
– Provide motor overload protection per
NEC 430.32(A)(1) & (B)(1) and motor
circuit (branch-circuit) protection per
NEC 430.52(C)(6), by combining a
magnetic short-circuit trip and adjustable
motor overload in one package.

• Self-Protected Starters
– Provide controller function (On-Off) per
NEC 430.83(A)(1) (HP rated & Listed
to UL 508) and permitted as the motor
disconnecting means per NEC
430.109(A)(5).
– Many have slash voltage ratings and can
only be applied on solidly grounded
systems where the voltage to ground
does not exceed the lower of the two
ratings and the voltage between any two
conductors does not exceed the higher
of the two ratings.


file (.pdf)

Voltage Rating
Voltage Rating
• Voltage rating of the OCPD must be equal to or greater

than the system voltage.
• Voltage rating determines the ability of the OCPD
extinguish the arc during an overcurrent condition.

Voltage Rating
• NEC 240.60(A) permits 300V cartridge
fuses to be used on circuits not exceeding
300V between conductors or single-phase
line-to-neutral loads not exceeding 300V.
• NEC 240.60(B) requires fuseholders to
reject fuses with lower voltage ratings.
• NEC 240.60(C) requires the voltage rating
to be marked on the fuse barrel or label.
• NEC 240.61 allows fuses rated 600V or less
to be used for voltages below their rating.

Voltage Rating
• NEC 240.83(E) requires circuit

breakers to be marked with a
voltage rating that indicates the
circuit breaker’s capability to
interrupt overcurrents between
phases or phase to ground.
• Voltage rating can be “straight”
or “slash” rated.

Voltage Rating
• NEC 240.85 covers the requirements for straight

rated and slash rated circuit breakers.
– A straight rated CB (480V) can be applied on
systems that have 480V, phase to phase or phase to
ground.
– A two-pole circuit breaker applied on a 3-phase,
corner-grounded delta system must be marked 1Φ-
3Φ.

Voltage Rating
• NEC 240.85 (Cont)

– A slash rated circuit breaker, such as 480Y/277V, can
only be applied in a solidly grounded circuit where the
nominal phase to ground voltage does not exceed the
lower number (277V) and the phase to phase voltage
does not exceed the larger number (480V).

3-Pole, 480/277V CB
Three Phase C
Corner
B
Grounded
Delta system A
Equipment Bonded to Ground

Slash Rated CB Application
Circuit breaker 480 volts
480Y/277 slash voltage rating line to line
480Y/277 Volt A
Three phase
Four wire B
Solidly
grounded C
wye system
N
G
277 volts
line to ground
Is Slash Rated 480Y/277V Device Permissible?
A
277V
Solidly Grounded
480Y/277V
480V
Click on Answer
B
Yes
OR
480V
No
C
N
A
277V
Solidly Grounded
480Y/277V
480V
B
Yes
OR
480V
No
C
N
A
277V
Solidly Grounded
480Y/277V
480V
B
Yes
OR
480V
No
C
N
A
277V
Solidly Grounded
480Y/277V
480V
B
Yes
OR
480V
No
C
N
Corner Grounded
Delta
A
Click on Answer
Yes B
OR 480V
No

Corner Grounded
Delta
A
Yes B
OR 480V
No

Corner Grounded
Delta
A
Yes B
OR 480V
No

Corner Grounded
Delta
A
Yes B
OR 480V
No

Slash Rated Exercise
System Secondary L-L L-G Can 480Y/277
Voltage System Type Volt Volt CB Be Used?
Solidly Grounded
480Y/277 480 277 Yes No
WYE
Resistance
480 480 277 Yes No
Grounded WYE
Delta Corner
480 Grounded 480 480 Yes No
B Phase
Delta
480 480 * Yes No
Ungrounded
* Ungrounded delta systems - phase conductors
are capacitively coupled to ground

Solidly Grounded
480Y/277 480 277 Yes No
WYE
Resistance
480 480 277 Yes No
Grounded WYE
Delta Corner
B Phase
Delta
480 480 * Yes No
Ungrounded

Solidly Grounded
480Y/277 480 277 Yes No
WYE
Resistance
480 480 277 Yes No
Grounded WYE
Delta Corner
B Phase
Delta
480 480 * Yes No
Ungrounded

Solidly Grounded
480Y/277 480 277 Yes No
WYE
Resistance
480 480 277 Yes No
Grounded WYE
Delta Corner
B Phase
Delta
480 480 * Yes No
Ungrounded

Solidly Grounded
480Y/277 480 277 Yes No
WYE
Resistance
480 480 277 Yes No
Grounded WYE
Delta Corner
B Phase
Delta
480 480 * Yes No
Ungrounded


file (.pdf)

Interrupting Rating
Interrupting Rating
• NEC Article 100 defines interrupting rating:

– The highest current at rated voltage that a device is
intended to interrupt under standard test conditions.

Interrupting Rating
• NEC 110.9
– Equipment intended to interrupt current at fault levels
shall have an interrupting rating sufficient for the
nominal circuit voltage and the current that is available
at the line terminals of the equipment.
– Equipment intended to interrupt current at other than
fault levels shall have an interrupting rating at nominal
circuit voltage sufficient for the current that must be
interrupted.
– The interrupting rating of the OCPD must be equal to or
greater than the short-circuit current available or…

Interrupting Rating
• OCPD with improper Interrupting Rating
10,000A IR, 600V, Class H Fuse

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating
14,000A IR, 480V, Circuit Breaker

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating

50,000 Available

Interrupting Rating
• Minimum Interrupting Rating of OCPDs

– NEC 240.60(C) states the minimum interrupting rating
of branch-circuit cartridge fuses is 10,000A.
– NEC 240.83(C) states the minimum interrupting rating
of branch-circuit circuit breakers is 5,000A.
– Does not apply to supplemental protective devices
(glass tube fuses or supplementary protectors).

Interrupting Rating - Fuses
• Modern current-limiting fuses typically have a minimum

interrupting rating of 200,000A

Proper Application
50,000 Amperes
Class J, 20A
Time-Delay Fuse
300,000 A.I.R.
Fault
Fuses: 300,000 A.I.R. / Isca = 50,000 A
Before After

Interrupting Rating - MCCB
• Circuit breakers can be rated in
various increments between
5,000A and 200,000A.
• Circuit breaker interrupting rating
is dependent upon voltage.
– Interrupting rating at 240V may
equal 65,000A. However, the same
circuit breaker may have an
interrupting rating at 480V of
35,000A.

Interrupting Rating - Example
• What Interrupting Rating must the fuse have?
– At least 50,000 amperes. (Class R, J, T, L and CC fuses

have an Interrupting Rating of at least 200,000
amperes.
– The interrupting rating of a fuse and switch combination
may also be 200,000 amperes.

Interrupting Rating - Example
• What Interrupting Rating must the CB have?
– Some value greater than or equal to 50,000 amperes.

– The interrupting rating for a circuit breaker is
dependent upon voltage.
– Circuit breakers come in a wide variety of interrupting
ratings – Choices may be 14,000A, 25,000A or
65,000A – 65,000A circuit breaker would need to
be selected for circuit shown.

Interrupting Rating
• The interrupting rating shown on the label for a
multi-pole circuit breaker is based upon the three
phase bolted fault test which has all three phase
conductors connected electrically together.

Single Pole Interrupting
Capabilities
• A circuit breaker’s ability to open an overcurrent at
a specified voltage utilizing only one pole of the
circuit breaker
• A circuit breaker’s single pole interrupting
capability is typically lower than its multi-pole
interrupting rating.

UL 489 Table 7.1.7.2
Frame Rating 240V 480/277V 480V 600/347V 600V

100A Maximum
4,330 -- -- -- --
250V Maximum
100A Maximum
-- 10,000 8,660 10,000 8,660
251-600V
101-800A 8,660 10,000 8,660 10,000 8,660
801-1200A 12,120 14,000 12,120 14,000 12,120
1201-2000A 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000
2001-2500A 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
2501-3000A 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000
3001-4000A 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000
4001-5000A 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000
5001-6000A 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
Single Pole Interrupting Capability
UL 489 Circuit Breaker Procedure
UL Single Pole Short-Circuit Test
CB Frame
480/277V 480V
Rating
100 A
10,000 Amps 8,660 Amps
Maximum
101 – 800 A. 10,000 Amps 8,660 Amps

Single Pole Interrupting Capability
UL 489 Circuit Breaker Procedure
UL Single Pole Short-Circuit Test
CB Frame
480/277V 480V
Rating
100 A
10,000 Amps 8,660 Amps
Maximum
101 – 800 A. 10,000 Amps 8,660 Amps
Example:
20 A, 480V CB having 65,000 A.I.R. (3
Pole Test). Single pole tested at
8,660 Amps
480 Volt, 25,000 Amp Single Pole Test
Line to Ground
225 Amp, 480 V

4 Feet Circuit Breaker
4/0
35, 000 Amp Three Phase
Interrupting Rating

2002 NEC ® Change
240.85 FPN: Proper application of molded case

circuit breakers on 3-phase systems, other than
solidly grounded wye, particularly on corner
grounded delta systems, considers the circuit
breakers’ individual pole interrupting capability.
Reprinted from NEC® 2002

Calculating Ground Fault Currents
SERVICE BRANCH Fault to
PANEL PANEL Conduit
A A
277V
480V
B
C B
480V
C
N N

Solidly Grounded WYE System
SERVICE BRANCH
PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
277V
480V
B
C B
480V
C
N N

Solidly Grounded WYE System
Single Pole Must
SERVICE BRANCH
Interrupt Fault Current
PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
277V
480V
B Fault to
C B Conduit
480V
C
N N

Other System Types
• Corner Grounded Delta Systems (solidly

grounded)
• Resistance Grounded System
• Ungrounded System

Corner Grounded Delta System
SERVICE BRANCH
PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
B
C 480V B

Corner Grounded Delta System
Single Pole Must
SERVICE BRANCH
PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
B Fault to
C 480V B Conduit
C

High Resistance Grounded
System
SERVICE BRANCH
Resistor PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
277V
480V
B
C B
480V
C

System
Resistor Keeps First SERVICE BRANCH
Fault Current Low: PANEL PANEL
5 Amps or So Steel Conduit
A A
277V
480V
B
C First Fault
B
480V to Steel
C Conduit

System
Single Pole Must
SERVICE BRANCH
PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
277V
480V
B
C First Fault
B
480V to Steel
C Conduit
High Value of Fault

Current Because
Ground Resistor No Second Fault Takes Path of
Longer in Path to Enclosure Least Resistance
Ungrounded System
SERVICE BRANCH
PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
480V
B
C B
480V
C

Ungrounded System
SERVICE BRANCH
PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
480V
B
First Fault
C B to Steel
480V Conduit
C
Low Value of Fault Current

Because of Large Capacitively
Coupled Impedance to Ground
Ungrounded System
Single Pole Must
SERVICE BRANCH
PANEL PANEL
Steel Conduit
A A
480V
B
First Fault
C B to Steel
480V Conduit
C
High Value of Fault

Current Because
Large Impedance is
No Longer in Path Second Fault Takes Path of
to Enclosure Least Resistance

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‫ﻛﻮرس اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ )اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ( اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.‬‬

• Industry Trainers are encouraged to use this

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

• Industry Trainers are encouraged to use this

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Within the normal path

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Out of the circuit

Outside the normal path

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Typically considered the “worst

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

87 % of the three phase

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Typically much lower than 3 fault, but

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Typically does not sustain on 208Y/120V

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Can vary widely possibly up to

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Can vary widely possibly up to

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Can vary widely

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

18,000 A 40,000 A 27,000 A

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

500 KVA 1500 KVA 1500 KVA

500 KVA 1500 KVA 1500 KVA

Isca = (Xfmr FLA) x 100 / %Z

(increase result by 10% due to UL

tolerance for transformer impedances)

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

500 KVA 1500 KVA 1500 KVA

500 KVA 1500 KVA 1500 KVA

208/120V 480/277V 480/277V

4 40,000 A. 5 40,000 A. 6 40,000 A.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

Utilize Point-to-Point Method

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

208/120V 480/277V 480/277V

4 40,000 A. 5 40,000 A. 6 40,000 A.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

• Industry Trainers are encouraged to use this

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

• NEC® Definition - Article 100

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.

© 2001 Cooper Bussmann, Inc.