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Disaster management using Internet of Things

Conference Paper · August 2017

DOI: 10.1109/IEMECON.2017.8079566

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 Disaster Management using Internet of Things
Himadri Nath Saha1, Supratim Auddy1, Subrata Pal1, Shubham Kumar1,Shivesh Pandey1, Rakhee Singh1, Amrendra
Kumar Singh1, Swarnadeep Banerjee1, Debmalya Ghosh1, Sanhita Saha2
1
Deptt. Of Computer Science & Engineering
2
Deptt. Of Information Technology
1
Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata
2
Netaji Subhas Engineering College, Kolkata

Abstract—A disaster is a serious disruption of the Rest of the paper is organized as follows, Section II describes
functioning of a community or a society involving Related Works, Section III describes Internet of Things and
widespread human, material, economic or environmental Disaster Management, Section IV describes challenge ahead
loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected for India and Section V describes the conclusion.
community or society to cope using its own
resources.Researchers have been studying disasters for
more than a century, and for more than forty years
disaster research. When discussing disaster management, II. RELATED WORKS
there are a few processes that form the links in the chain
and work in tandem to complete the emergency Urban public safety emergency management early warning
management lifecycle. The process starts with system supported technologies for the Internet of Things
identification of risks, disaster preparedness, emergency (IOT) will understand the performance of Omni-directional
response, resources allocation, reaction planning, and observation and management, correct prediction and
lastly disaster recovery. Fortunately, iothas the solution to economical disposal. The rescue mechanism of a unified
help the disaster management agencies at every stage of command, complete perform and response sensitivity, and
the process. operate economical be shaped by the system and improve the
city's ability to resist to public emergencies have nice
Keywords—Internet of Things standards; early warning, significance. During this paper, this analysis state of affairs for
sensors; Open iot; disaster and risk management internet of things application within the field of public safety
is introduced. The characteristic structure and constitution are
I. INTRODUCTION expatiated in details with illustration. Then the software
package and hardware platform and the system perform are
This paper presents a summary of the potential obstacles and analyzed. The key technologies and also the technical analysis
challenges involving analysis topics like iot, wsns(Wireless routes of the system are expounded.[1]
sensing Networks) in iotand disaster management exploitation Internet of Things (iot) has given an excellent chance to create
wsns. This review can analyze key aspects of deploying a powerful industrial systems and applications by investing the
WSN in iotsituation for disaster management. growing presence of radio-frequency identification (RFID),
In associate iotsituation the WSN is just grouping information and wireless, mobile, and device devices. A large vary of
that's forwarded to the web employing a Compressed Sensing commercial iotapplications are developed and deployed in
(CS) iotframework or alternative solutions as well as data recent years. In a trial to grasp the event of iotin industries,
compression. Compressed Sensing (CS) refers to a technique this paper reviews this analysis of iot, key facultative
wont to cut back the quantity of samples collected in associate technologies, major iotapplications in industries, and identifies
iotWSN. Therefore,it's potential to form complete applications analysis trends and challenges. A main contribution of this
that need fewer resources. There’snothing have to be review paper is that it summarizes this progressive iotin
compelled to method the information within the WSN as this industries consistently.[2]
may be worn out the information Analysis Network, when the Ubiquitous sensing enabled by Wireless Sensing Network
information is reconstructed. This can modify a reduced (WSN) technologies cuts across several areas of contemporary
volume of knowledge transmitted and lower power day living. This offers the power to live, infer and perceive
consumption for battery-operated nodes. environmental indicators, from delicate ecologies and natural
The detection of individuals during a disaster situation UN resources to urban environments. The proliferation of those
agency are merely moving and not within the possession of a devices in a very communicating–actuating network creates
tracking device’ is revolutionary. The aim here is to create the internet of things (iot), whereby sensors and actuators mix
upon our patent-pended technology to deliver a sturdy field- seamlessly with the atmosphere around United States, and
trial prepared human detection system for disaster things. therefore the data is shared across platforms to develop a

978-1-5386-2215-5/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE

81
standard operative image (COP). Oil-fired by the recent distributed heterogeneous information surroundings for
adaptation of a spread of enabling wireless technologies akin supporting information accessing timely and ubiquitously in a
to RFID tags and embedded detector and mechanism nodes, very cloud and mobile computing platform.[4]
the iothas stepped out of its infancy and is that the next The phrase internet of Things (iot) heralds a vision of the
revolutionary technology in reworking the web into a totally longer term web wherever connecting physical things, from
integrated Future web. As we tend to move from World Wide banknotes to bicycles, through a network can allow them to
Web (static pages web) to web2 (social networking web) to take a full of life half within the web, exchanging info
web3 (ubiquitous computing web), the requirement for data- regarding themselves and their surroundings. This may
on-demand victimization refined intuitive queries will increase provide immediate access to info regarding the physical world
considerably. This paper presents a Cloud central vision for and therefore the objects in it—leading to innovative services
worldwide implementation of internet of things. The key and increase in potency and productivity. This paper studies
enabling technologies and application domains that are the progressive of iotand presents the key technological
possible to drive iotanalysis within the close to future are drivers, potential applications, challenges and future analysis
mentioned. A Cloud implementation victimization thatis areas within the domain of iot. Iotdefinitions from very
predicated on interaction of personal and public Clouds is different perspective in tutorial and trade communities also are
given. We tend to conclude our iotvision by increasing on the mentioned and compared. Finally some major problems with
requirement for convergence of WSN, the web and distributed future analysis in iotare known and mentioned concisely.[5]
computing directed at technological analysis community.[3] The Internet is unendingly ever changing and evolving. The
most communication type of gift net is human-human. The net
of Things (iot) will be thought-about because the future
analysis of the net that realizes machine-to-machine (M2M)
learning. Thus, iotprovides property for everybody and
everything. The iotembeds some intelligence in Internet-
connected objects to speak, exchange info, take choices,
invoke actions and supply superb services. This paper
addresses the prevailing development trends, the generic
design of iot, its identifying options and attainable future
applications. This paper additionally forecast the key
challenges related to the event of iot. The iotis obtaining
increasing quality for domain, business furthermore as
government that has the potential to bring important personal,
skilled and economic edges.[6]
The Internet of Things (iot) may be a novel paradigm that
connects the pervasive presence around USA of a range of
things or objects to the web by mistreatment wireless/wired
Fig 1 – Common Natural Disasters technologies to achieve desired goals. Since the conception of
the iotwas introduced in 2005, we have a tendency to see the
The speedy development of Internet of things (iot) technology readying of a brand new generation of networked sensible
makes it doable for connecting varied good objects along objects with communication, sensory and action capabilities
through the net and providing additional information ability for varied applications, primarily in world offer chain
strategies for application purpose. Recent analysis shows management, surroundings observance and different non-
additional potential applications of iotin data intensive stress environments. This paper introduces the iottechnology
industrial sectors akin to health care services. However, the to be used within the emergency management community.
range of the objects in iotcauses the heterogeneousness Considering the knowledge needed for supporting 3
drawback of the info format in iotplatform. Meanwhile, the successive and distinct rhythms in emergency response
utilization of iottechnology in applications has spurred the rise operations: mobilization rhythm, preliminary state of affairs
of period information, that makes the knowledge storage and assessment rhythm, and intervention rhythm, the paper
accessing harder and difficult. Duringthis analysis, 1st a proposes a changed task-technology match approach that's
linguistics information model is projected to store and accustomed investigate however the iottechnology will be
interpret iotinformation. Then a resource-based information incorporated into the 3 rhythms and enhance emergency
accessing methodology (UDA-iot) is intended to amass and response operations. The findings from our analysis support
method iotinformation ubiquitously to boost the accessibility our 2 hypotheses: H1: iottechnology fits the known info
to iotinformation resources. Finally, we tend to gift associate requirements; and H2: iottechnology provides side worth to
degree iot-based system for emergency medical services to emergency response operations in terms of getting economic
demonstrate the way to collect, integrate, and interoperate cooperation, correct situational awareness, and complete
iotinformation flexibly so as to supply support to emergency visibility of resources.[7]
medical services. The result shows that the resource-based
iotinformation accessing methodology is effective in a very

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This visionary paper presents the internet of things paradigm disaster: microwave sensors, which will be used to measure
in terms of mutually beneficial dynamic dimensions of objects earth movements before and through earthquakes, as an
and their properties. Providing in its current state net of Things example, or infrared sensors which will notice and live floods
(iot) has been viewed as a paradigm supported gradable and movements of individuals. The large deployment of iot-
distribution of objects, analysis of the dynamic nature of the enabled devices (often battery powered and ready to operate
gradable structures faces challenges in its analysis and and transmit wirelessly) might bring advantages in terms of
analysis. Inside this in mind, our focus is on the world of knowledge network resilience in face of disaster. Iotdevices
complicated social networks and therefore the dynamic social might enable limited communication services (e.g. Emergency
network construction inside the context of iot. This is often by micro-message delivery) just in case the standard
lightness and addressing the tagging problems with the objects communication infrastructure is out of service. To be ready for
to the real-world domain appreciate in disaster management, essential incidents like landslides and flooding, sensors
these square measure in relevance their hierarchies and contribute to information feeds regarding weather, traffic,
relation inside the context of social network analysis. police and medical services in time period. They anticipate
Specifically, we recommend to analyze and deepen the issues and place defenses in place to mitigate their impact. A
understanding of the iotparadigm through the appliance of weather and statement program will predict emergencies up to
social network analysis as a technique for interlacing objects -- 2 days ahead. If associate emergency happens, individuals and
and therefore, propose ways in which during which iotmight communities are alerted via social media, standard media
be later interlinked and analyzed through social network channels and SMS. In high-risk areas, sirens also are used to
analysis approach - which provides prospects for linking of the evacuate the population.
objects, whereas extends it into real-world domain. With this
in mind, we tend to gift few applications and key
characteristics of disaster management and therefore the social
networking analysis approach, as well as, foretold edges of its
application within the iotdomain.[8]

III. INTERNET OF THINGS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Iottechnologies cannot stop disasters from happening,

however are often terribly helpful for disaster preparedness,
like prediction and early warning systems. During this
manner, iotwill catch up on a poor infrastructure that puts
developing and rising countries in a very notably vulnerable
position.

Fig 2-Architectural Considerations

Regard example the observance of forest fires: sensors on

trees will take measurements that indicate once a fire has
broken out, or there is a robust risk, e.g. Temperature,
moisture, greenhouse emission and CO levels. If there is an
essential combination of those parameters, early warning
systems alert the native population and request facilitate. The
firefighters once they arrive have detailed information
regarding the situation and unfold of the blaze. Different
iotapplications are being developed for various forms of

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 IV. CHALLENGE AHEAD FOR INDIA
For India, the most important challenge previous iot
preparationis that the communications infrastructure. Indian
telecommunicationbusiness, dominated by personal players,
is insulating material behind in below investment compared
to China, whose investments area unit primarily complete
through government funds. The difficult demographics and
lack of favorable policies makes investment a extremely
risky affair for personal telcos. The slow 4G momentum
and therefore the rescheduling of National Optic Fiber
Network (NOFN) project area unitmany examples that
show infrastructure hurdles play the villain within the
country’s progress.
While the developed countries have started consultation and
trials on 5G, Indian telecommunication authority TRAI has
not initiated any talks on this. Spectrum allocation is
another brain-teaser facing the authorities. The hue and cry
over the upper spectrum pricesneeds to be looked upon. The
continuing debates over Right of method (row) challenges
got to be addressed . Unless the govt. Addresses these
considerations of the business, the transition to 5G, the
backbone of iot, arenot possible.Another issue with iot is
that the standardization. The disparate iot networks that
interlink totally different.
Disaster Management Act 2005
Communications protocols, likewise as multiple device
sorts, oss and applications create standardization
verydifficult. Worldwide consultation has started on
production formal standards, howeverasian country has not
shown any interest thus far. Security, particularly the
challenges arising from sharing the info across public cloud
networks, conjointlymustbe addressed .
As asian country eyes succeedingspherical of digital
evolution by 2017, the time is suitable for the country to
spice up investment in iot so as to leverage its edgesto
handlea number of the pressing issuesit's facing.

84
 V. CONCLUSION [ 12] R Singh, HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, PK Banerjee, “Administrator
and Fidelity Based Secure Routing (AFSR) Protocol in MANET”,
2016
The seamless interconnection of devices to the net, being [ 13] D Choudhury, D Kar, KR Biswas, HN Saha, “Energy efficient
sensors of all kinds starting from unmoved activity devices, routing in mobile ad-hoc networks”, 2015
sensors on good phones up to hyper-spectral cameras mounted [ 14] HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, PK Banerjee, “Semi-Centralised Multi
on satellites, offers a massive potential for the advance in Authenticated RSSI Based Solution to Sybil Attack”,2010
[ 15] A Bhattacharyya, A Banerjee, D Bose, HN Saha, D Bhattacharjee,
recognizing and assessing risks, for the targeted launch of “Different types of attacks in Mobile ADHOC Network:
preventive measures resembling improved quality, preciseness Prevention and mitigation techniques”, 2011
and personalization of early warnings. Constant is true for call [ 16] A Banerjee, D Bose, A Bhattacharyya, HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya,
support in disaster management. However, to use this “Administrator and trust based secure routing in manet”, 2012
potential, there's associate pressing got to improve ability. [ 17] HN Saha, S Banerjee, R Nandi, R Dey, “A review on different
Intrusion Detection Systems for MANET and its vulnerabilities”,
2015
Disaster Management is outlined because the organization and [ 18] HN Saha, A Chattopadhyay, D Sarkar, “Review on intelligent
management of resources and responsibilities for managing all routing in MANET”, 2015
humanitarian aspects of emergencies, specifically state, [ 19] Debopam Ghosh Himadri Nath Saha, Debika Bhattacharyya,
Bipasha Banerjee, Sulagna Mukherjee, Rohit Singh, “A Review on
response and recovery so as to reduce the impact of disasters. Attacks and Secure Routing Protocols in Manet”, 2013
In Asian nation fifty seven land is at risk of earthquakes, sixty [ 20] HN Saha, PK Banerjee,” Fidelity Based On Demand Secure
eight land is at risk of drought, twelve-tone system land is at (FBOD) Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network”, 2012
risk of flood, V-E Day land is at risk of cyclones and plenty of [ 21] HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, AK Bandhyopadhyay, PK Banerjee, ”
Two-level secure re-routing (tsr) in mobile ad hoc networks”, 2012
industrial cities are at risk of chemical and imitation disasters [ 22] Dipayan Bose, Arnab Banerjee, Aniruddha Bhattacharyya,
Due to high population density, poor evacuation infrastructure Himadri Nath Saha, Debika Bhattacharyya, Pranab Kumar
and exposure to severe weather events, developing countries Banerjee, “An efficient approach to secure routing in MANET”,
ar disproportionately exposed to the risks of natural disasters, 2012
[ 23] Himadri Nath Saha, Dr Debika Bhattacharyya, Dr PK Banerjee,
and infrequently have restricted suggests that to mitigate their Aniruddha Bhattacharyya, Arnab Banerjee, Dipayan Bose, “Study
effects. Consequently, consistent with a International Bank for Of Different Attacks In Manet With Its Detection & Mitigation
Reconstruction and Development study, quite ninety five per Schemes”, 2011
cent of all deaths caused by disasters occur in developing
countries.

VI. REFERENCES

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