Astm F476 - 14

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F476 − 14
Standard Test Methods for

Security of Swinging Door Assemblies1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 component, n—as distinguished from a part, a subas-

1.1 These test methods cover door assemblies of various sembly that combines with other components to make up a
materials and types of construction for use in wall openings to total door assembly.
deter unwanted intruders. 3.1.3.1 Discussion—The prime components of a door as-
sembly include: door, lock, hinges, jamb, strike, and wall.
1.2 Door assemblies, covered by these test methods, also
include individual components such as the hinge, lock, door, 3.1.4 cylinder, n—complete operating unit that usually con-
strike, and jamb. sists of the plug shell, tumblers, springs, plug retainer, a
cam/tailpiece or other actuating device, and all other necessary
1.3 These test methods are designed to measure the capa- operating parts.
bility of a swinging door assembly to restrain or delay and
frustrate the commission of “break-in” crimes. 3.1.5 cylinder core (or cylinder plug), n—central part of a
cylinder, containing the keyway, that is rotated by the key to
1.4 These test methods apply primarily to typical entry door operate the lock mechanism.
assemblies.
3.1.6 deadbolt, n—bolt, which requires a deliberate action
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to extend, and resists end pressure in the unlocking direction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
when fully extended.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.7 dead latch (or dead locking latch bolt), n—latchbolt
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. with a deadlocking mechanism.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.8 door assembly, n—any combination of a door, frame,

hardware, and other accessories that is placed in an opening in
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 a wall that is intended primarily for access or for human
F471 Terminology Relating to Combination Locks (With- entrance or exit.
drawn 2011)3
3.1.9 jamb, n—vertical members of a door frame (such as,
3. Terminology those fixed members to which the door is secured).
3.1 Definitions: 3.1.10 key-in-knob lockset, n—any lockset with a key oper-
3.1.1 bolt, n—any movable projection that blocks the move- ated cylinder in one or more knobs.
ment of one object relative to another. 3.1.11 key-in-lever lockset, n—any lockset with a key oper-
3.1.2 bolt projection (or bolt throw), n—distance from the ated cylinder in one or more level handles.
edge of the door, at the bolt center line, to the farthest point on
3.1.12 latch:
the bolt in the projected position, when subjected to end
pressure. 3.1.12.1 n—mechanical or magnetic door fastener that can
automatically keep a door, gate, and so forth, closed.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on
3.1.12.2 v—engagement of a latch when a door, gate, and so
Security Systems and Equipment and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee forth, is pushed or pulled closed.
F12.50 on Locking Devices. 3.1.13 latch bolt, n—spring-actuated bolt, normally with
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally one or more beveled surfaces, that, when aligned with the
approved in 1976 as F476 – 76 . Last previous edition approved in 2002 as
F476 – 84 (2002) which was withdrawn July 2011 and reinstated February 2014. strike, engages it automatically.
DOI: 10.1520/F0476-14.
2
3.1.14 lock, n—any device that prevents access or use by
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM requiring special knowledge or equipment.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.1.15 lock front, n—outer plate through which the locking
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on bolt projects and which is usually flush with the edge of the
www.astm.org. door.
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1
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F476 − 14
3.1.16 part, n—as distinguished from component, a unit (or consists of four flexible steel cables providing a swing radius of
subassembly) that combines with other units to make up a 1.71 m (5.61 ft), as shown in Fig. 3. These cables are adjusted
component. to equal length with turnbuckles such that the ram swings in a
3.1.17 strike, n—bolt receptacle typically mounted in the straight, true arc and are attached to a steel frame that can be
door jamb or the floor. adjusted to be level. Fig. 1 also includes a diagram of the
pendulum system when elevated and at rest, and the measure-
3.1.18 swinging door, n—stile (side)-hinged door.
ments required to calculate the impact energy of the system.
3.1.19 Type A lock, n—lock that uses a single bolt or Table 1 presents the potential energy of a pendulum system
separate latch and lock bolts that are mechanically intercon- with a 45-kg (99.2-lb) weight as a function of various eleva-
nected. tions of the weight.
4.2.1 The use of a calibrated elevation stand, as shown in
4. Apparatus
Fig. 1, is a convenient means of quickly and reproductively
4.1 Test equipment suitable for use in evaluating the physi- establishing the proper ram elevation for each required impact.
cal security of door assemblies and components is described in
4.3 Component Ram—The component ram is a pendulum
this section. While certain commercial instruments are identi-
system capable of delivering impacts of 100 J (74 ft·lbf). A
fied to adequately describe the test equipment, in no case does
sketch of the pendulum system is shown in Fig. 4. The
such identification imply recommendation or endorsement, nor
pendulum weight has a diameter of 56 mm (2 3⁄16 in.), a length
does it imply that the material or equipment described is
of 838 mm (33 in.), and weighs 16 kg (35.3 lb). The impact
necessarily the best for the purpose.
nose is made from a 6-mm (1⁄4-in.) carriage bolt with the square
4.2 Door Ram—The door ram is a pendulum system with a shank removed. The vacuum release mechanism also shown in
cylindrical weight capable of delivering horizontal impacts of Fig. 4 is a convenient means of holding the component ram in
200 J (148 ft·lbf). Fig. 1 is a photograph of such a system. A the elevated position and releasing it to deliver the required
sketch of the ram is shown in Fig. 2. It is a steel cylinder 152.4 impact.
mm (6 in.) in diameter, 393.7 mm (15.5 in.) long, with a 4.3.1 The height of drop of the pendulum for an impact of
hemispherical impact nose. It weighs 45 kg (99.2 lb). The 100 J (74 ft·lbf) is 637 mm (2.09 ft).
impact nose used in this equipment is made from cast epoxy- 4.3.2 The vertical pendulum system shall use a steel weight
polyamide resin; however, any durable impact-resistant mate- and be capable of delivering vertical (downward) impacts of up
rial is satisfactory. The suspension system for the door ram to 100 J (74 ft·lbf) to a door knob installed in a door assembly.
4.4 Vertical Impactor—The vertical impactor is a rigid
pendulum system capable of delivering downward impacts of
100 J (74 ft·lbf). Fig. 5 shows a photograph of the system. The
construction of the pendulum is shown in Fig. 6, and the
construction of the pivot assembly is shown in Fig. 7.
4.4.1 The effective weight of the flat-nosed steel weight is
10 kg (22 lb). An impact of 100 J (74 ft·lbf) is provided by a
drop height of 1.02 m (3.35 ft).
4.4.2 Torque Applicator—The portable torque applicator
shall be capable of delivering and measuring up to 160 N·m
(118 lbf·ft) of torque to both door knobs and lock cylinders.
The torque loading adapters shall be designed to grip the knobs
and cylinders.
4.4.3 Tension-Loading Device—The tension-loading device
shall be capable of delivering and measuring tensile forces of
up to 18 kN (4000 lbf).
4.4.4 Compression-Loading Device—The compression-
loading device shall be capable of delivering and measuring
compressive forces of up to 900 N (200 lbf).
4.4.5 Jamb-Spreading Device—The jamb-spreading device
shall be capable of delivering to door jambs and measuring
spreading forces of up to 22 kN (4950 lbf) with a means of
measuring up to 13 mm (1⁄2 in.) of increase in lock-front to
strike distance. The device shall have on each end either a load
bearing plate or pressure foot that provides a minimum contact
surface of 40 by 120 mm (11⁄2 by 5 in.).
4.4.6 Instrument Accuracy—The tension loading and jamb-
spreading devices shall have a combined calibration and
reading error no greater than 200 N (45 lbf). The compression-
FIG. 1 Door Ram Pendulum System loading device shall have a combined calibration and reading
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F476 − 14
FIG. 2 Door Ram
5.3 The test fixture for door, door jamb, hinge, lock, strike,
and other components shall consist of a vertical wall section
constructed from 2 by 4 wood studs, 410 mm (16 in.) on center,
with a rough entry door opening, and shall be covered with
13-mm (1⁄2-in.) exterior grade plywood sheathing on the
exterior and 1⁄2-in. gypsum board on the interior. It shall be
constructed as shown in Fig. 9 and shall be secured to the wall
support fixture (at the sides and top) and to the laboratory floor.
For tests of door, lock, strike, and hinge components, the
fixture wall section shall also include a door jamb.
5.4 The alternative test fixture for lockset components shall
consist of a small door assembly, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11.
The frame shall be fabricated from steel angle and plate at least
5 mm (3⁄16 in.) thick. The test panel shall be 600 mm (24 in.)
square and 45 mm (13⁄4 in.) thick, made by bonding three
FIG. 3 Door Ram Suspension System
pieces of plywood together or by cutting a section from a
45-mm (13⁄4-in.) solid wood core door (such as, glued block
core construction NWMA IS-1). A 50 by 50 by 3-mm (2 by 2
TABLE 1 Potential Energy of PendulumA Used in Door Assembly
and Component Tests by 1⁄8-in.) steel angle shall be bolted to the hinge edge of the
Potential Energy, J Height Of Drop (H), mm Horizontal Swing door panel, and a removable steel strike plate shall be bolted to
(ft·lbf) (ft)B Distance (L), mm (ft) the frame at the lock position of the door panel. The alternate
60 (44.3) 136 (0.45) 668 (2.19)
80 (59.0) 181 (0.59) 765 (2.51)
lockset component test fixture shown in Figs. 10 and 11 may be
100 (73.8) 227 (0.74) 851 (2.79) used in lieu of the lockset component test fixture shown. The
120 (88.5) 272 (0.89) 925 (3.04) use of steel plates and expendable wood blocks as shown in the
140 (103.3) 317 (1.04) 992 (3.26)
160 (118.0) 363 (1.19) 1053 (3.46)
drawing may be used on the full size test fixture as described
180 (132.8) 408 (1.34) 1108 (3.64) in 5.3 when testing lock and hinge components.
200 (147.5) 454 (1.49) 1160 (3.81)
A
5.5 The test fixture for static bolt load tests (9.2) shall
The pendulum weighed 45 kg (99.2 lb) and was suspended with a wing radius (R)
of 1710 mm (5.61 ft).
consist of a vertical panel fabricated from wood attached to a
B
Height of drop. stable horizontal base, as shown in Fig. 12. The top edge of the
s H d 5 R 2 œR 2 2 L 2
panel shall be parallel to the bottom surface of the base. The
panel shall be about 45 mm (13⁄4 in.) thick and the top edge
shall be prepared to permit the lock set which is being tested to
be mounted in the panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s
error of no greater than 40 N (9 lbf). The torquemeter shall instructions.
have a combined error no greater than 3.4 N·m (2.5 lbf·ft). The
impact energy of each pendulum system shall be controlled to 6. Sampling
within 61 %. 6.1 Specimens shall be representative and adequately iden-
tified for future reference. Complete manufacturer or fabricator
5. Construction and Size
installation instructions and full-size templates for all items of
5.1 The construction and size of the test door assemblies, hardware shall be included.
consisting of single doors, doors in pairs, special-purpose doors
(such as Dutch doors), jambs and headers, and all hardware 7. Mounting for Test
components shall be representative of the classification or 7.1 Swinging doors shall be mounted so as to open away
rating that is desired. from the working area, except when testing an out-swinging
5.2 The door assembly support fixture shall simulate the door assembly.
rigidity normally provided to a door assembly in a building by 7.2 Prepare doors and door jambs for the installation of
the ceiling, floor, and walls. Fig. 8 shows an acceptable fixture. locksets and hinges in conformance with the manufacturer’s
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F476 − 14
FIG. 4 Vacuum Release Mechanism
FIG. 5 Vertical Impactor
instructions. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for fasten- panel in the closed locked position at the normal locking point.
ing the jamb to the support fixture described in 5.2. Hinge the test panel with two 115-mm (41⁄2-in.) steel butt
7.3 Install components such as test doors, door jambs, hinges.
hinges, and jamb/strikes in the component test fixture de- 7.5 To test lock sets for static bolt load, install them in the
scribed in 5.3. Except when testing hinges, hinge the door with test fixture described in 5.5.
11⁄2 pairs of 115-mm (41⁄2-in.) steel butt hinges, and fix it in the
closed-locked position (at the normal lock point) with a real or
8. Procedure
simulated latch bolt having sufficient strength and stiffness to
prevent it from failing during test. In the absence of other 8.1 One complete assembly shall be used to conduct the
construction specifications, make the clearances on the lock tests. Tests shall be given in the sequence of Sections 9 – 20.
side, hinge side, and top of the door 3.2 6 0.4 mm (1⁄8 6 1⁄64 Tests under Sections 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, if conducted in
in.). Clearance at the threshold is not considered critical in the test panel, shall not be repeated in the door assembly being
these tests. tested. These tests need not be repeated for successive tests of
7.4 To test locksets as components, install them in the other door assemblies where the same lock model is being
alternative component test fixture described in 5.4. Fix the test used.
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F476 − 14
FIG. 6 Vertical Impactor Pendulum System
FIG. 7 Vertical Impactor Pivot Assembly
9. Static Bolt Load Test from the lock front surface to the farthest point on the bolt or
9.1 To test Type A and B locks and all door assembly locks, latch at the center line.
mount the lock in the test fixture described in 5.5. Lock the 9.3.1 Following the test of a lock incorporating a dead latch,
door lock with the dead bolt or dead latch in the fully projected place the strike plate provided with the lock over the latch of
position. If the lock incorporates a dead-latch plunger, attach a a dead latch to determine whether it is possible for both the
6.5-mm (1⁄4-in.) spacer to the lock front. Allow the dead-latch dead latch and the dead plunger to enter the hold in the strike
plunger to project flush with the top of the spacer, and hold it simultaneously.
in that position with a piece of tape, or by another suitable 10. Jamb Stiffness Test
means.
10.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3.
9.2 Place the lock, in the test fixture, in a compression Position the jamb spreading device (4.4.5) between the door
testing machine, or mount it on a firm, level surface with the jambs, at lock height. Apply increasing force as required and
compression loading device directly above it with the loading measure the space between the lock front and strike.
face parallel to the lock front, and the axis of the hydraulic ram
10.2 While the required load is being applied, or the lock
perpendicular to the lock front. Apply an increasing compres-
front-to-strike distance is increased, push or pull on the door to
sive load to the end of the latch bolt or the dead bolt. Note the
determine whether the dead bolt or dead latch is engaged with
maximum force required to depress the latch bolt or the dead
the strike.
bolt to where the farthest point on the bolt is 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) from
the lock front surface. 11. Knob Impact Test
9.3 To test for bolt projection, apply end pressure to the 11.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4
projected dead bolt or dead latch and measure the distance and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Position
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F476 − 14
FIG. 8 Wall Support Fixture
the vertical impactor (4.4) so that the pendulum arm is hole in the cylinder core using a No. 21 drill, adjacent to the
horizontal when the striking weight contacts the top of the door keyway to a minimum depth of 13 mm (1⁄2 in.). Tap this hole
knob, and its center of gravity is in the vertical center-line with a 10-32 thread. Attach the tensile loading device (4.4.3) to
through the knob. Raise the weight to the height necessary to a rigid load-bearing support in front of the cylinder, and align
deliver the required impact and release it. Deliver the required the pulling axis with that of the hole in the cylinder. Attach the
number of impacts to the knob. After each impact, attempt to pulling adapter to the cylinder with a 10-32 hardened cap screw
open the door or test panel by turning the knob. If the knob is fully threaded into the tapped hole. Connect the cylinder tensile
broken off, manipulate the exposed lock mechanism by hand or loading device to the adapter, and apply the required tensile
with the aid of a screwdriver. force to the cylinder. Following this test, release the load and
11.2 With the door or test panel open, and the dead bolt or attempt to open the door or test panel by manipulating an
dead latch in the projected, locked position, attempt to (a) exposed lock mechanism by hand or with the aid of a
depress the dead bolt by applying hand pressure to its end or screwdriver. If the core or cylinder is not damaged, open the
(b) depress the latch and dead-latch plunger fully, allow the door, and test the dead latch or dead bolt for end pressure
latch to extend, then slowly allow the plunger to project until resistance as in 11.2.
the last point of dead locking is reached.
13. Cylinder-Body Tension Test
12. Cylinder-Core Tension Test 13.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4
12.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4 and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Drill a
and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Drill a hole in the cylinder body using a No. 3 drill, near the center of
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F476 − 14
NOTE 1—All studs, plates, and headers are 2-by-4s.

NOTE 2—Nail sole plate and lower member of top plate to each stud with 2—16d end nails.
NOTE 3—Nail upper member of top plate to the lower member with 16d nails, one nail near each stud and two near each end.
NOTE 4—Nail the double studs together with 16d nails not more than 610 mm (24 in.) on centers.
NOTE 5—Nail the header (two 2-by-4s) to each full length stud with 4—16d end nails.
NOTE 6—Nail 1⁄2-in. gypsum drywall to all supports with threaded drywall nails at 200 mm (8 in.) on centers.
NOTE 7—Security blocking may be necessary to achieve successful jamb stiffness test results. If blocking is used, it shall be reported in the test report.
The nature of the blocking shall be indicated.
FIG. 9 Door, Door Jamb, Hinge, and Lock-Strike Component Fixture
the cylinder face, to a minimum depth of 13 mm (1⁄2 in.). If the knob is not broken off, test the dead bolt or dead latch for end
lock is constructed such that only the cylinder core is exposed, pressure resistance as in 11.2.
drill through the material covering the face of the cylinder
body, into the cylinder. Tap this hole with a 1⁄4-28 thread. 15. Cylinder Torque Test
Attach the cylinder tensile loading device (4.4.3) to a rigid 15.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4
load-bearing support in front of the cylinder, and align the and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Attach the
pulling axis with that of the hole in the cylinder. Attach the torque loading adapter to the cylinder and connect the torque
pulling adapter to the cylinder with a 1⁄4-28 hardened cap screw applicator to it (4.4.2). Alternatively subject the cylinder to the
fully threaded into the tapped hole, or other appropriate required torque in both the clockwise and counter-clockwise
devices. Connect the cylinder pulling device to the adapter, and directions, applying the torque as rapidly as possible. Inspect
apply the required tensile force to the cylinder. Following this the lock when the torque is applied to determine whether the
test, release the load and attempt to open the door or test panel bolt is withdrawn from the strike. If the cylinder is loose,
by manipulating an exposed lock mechanism by hand or with attempt to open the door or test panel by manipulating the lock
the aid of a screwdriver. If the cylinder is not damaged, open mechanism by hand or with the aid of a screwdriver. If the
the door, and test the dead latch or dead bolt for end pressure cylinder is not damaged, test the dead bolt or dead latch for end
resistance as in 11.2. pressure resistance as in 11.2.
14. Knob Torque Test 16. Cylinder Impact Test

14.1 Prepare the specimen test in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4 16.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4
and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Attach the and lock the door or test panel in the closed position. Position
torque-loading adapter to the knob and connect the torque the component ram pendulum weight (4.3) so that, at rest, its
applicator to it (4.4.2). Alternately subject the knob to the axis is horizontal and coincides with the major axis of the
required torque in both the clockwise and counter-clockwise cylinder and its striking nose just touches the face of the
directions, applying the torque as rapidly as possible. Inspect cylinder. Pull back the pendulum weight to the height neces-
the lock to determine whether the bolt is retracted from the sary to produce the required impact and release it. Repeat this
strike when the torque is applied. If the knob is broken off, to deliver the required number of impacts. After each impact,
attempt to open the door or test panel by manipulating the lock attempt to open the door or test panel by manipulating the lock
mechanism by hand or with the aid of a screwdriver. If the mechanisms by hand or with the aid of a screwdriver if the
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F476 − 14
level. Locate the impact point on the corner of the panel closest
to the lock, 75 mm (3 in.) in from the vertical and horizontal
edges of the panel. Perform the test as in 17.1 and 17.2
attaching a new impact buffer for each impact. If the panel is
broken, attempt to open the door by reaching through the
opening and unlocking the door from the inside.
17.4 To test glazing panels, set up the component ram
pendulum weight (4.3) so that, at rest, its striking nose just
touches the front surface of the panel at a point 40 mm (1.6 in.)
from the horizontal and vertical edges of the panel closest to
the lock. Pull back the pendulum weight to the height neces-
sary to produce the required impact, and release it. Repeat this
to deliver the required number of impacts. If the panel is
broken, reach through the opening and attempt to open the door
by unlocking it from the inside. Whether to use glazing impacts
as described in Table 1 under Grade 10, shall be determined by
the authorities using this test procedure. Such authority may
eliminate this portion of the test.
17.5 Following the door impact test, inspect the door to
determine whether there is enough damage to invalidate the
subsequent tests; and if so, replace it.
NOTE 1—The door panel consists of three pieces of plywood [610 mm

18. Hinge Impact Test
(24 in.) square] bonded together (1 piece, 19 mm (3⁄4 in.) thick, between 18.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 and
two pieces, each 13 mm (1⁄2 in.) thick); or a glued block core door with lock the door in the closed position. When testing hinges
premium or good grade hardwood veneer (NWMA I.S. 1-74).
incorporating a mechanical interlock between the leaves in the
NOTE 2—The door panel shall have a steel angle bolted to the hinge
edge. closed position, and door assemblies using such hinges, re-
NOTE 3—The steel angle frame and panel edge shall be 51 by 51 by 3 move the hinge pin during this test. Set up the door ram
mm (2 by 2 by 1⁄8 in.) thick. pendulum weight so that its axis is horizontal and perpendicu-
FIG. 10 Lockset Component Test Fixture lar to the face of the door at a point 200 mm (8 in.) from the
bottom hinge, on a horizontal line through the mid point of the
cylinder is damaged. If the cylinder is not damaged, test the hinge.
dead bolt or dead latch for end pressure resistance as in 11.2. 18.2 Attach an impact buffer, as described in Section 17, to
the face of the door, centered on the impact point, and position
17. Door Impact Test the pendulum so that its striking nose just touches the surface
17.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 and of the buffer, when at rest. Pull back the pendulum weight to
lock the door in the closed position. Set up the door ram the height necessary to produce the required impact, and
pendulum weight (4.2) so that its axis is horizontal and release it. Subject the door to two impacts at each required
perpendicular to the face of the door at a point defined by the impact level, attaching a new buffer for each impact. After each
intersection of the vertical center line of the door and a line impact, try to open the door.
from the center of the bolt to the center of the mid-height hinge 18.3 A door component failure consists of any splitting or
(or the midpoint between hinges, when the door is hung with fracture of the door which allows it to be opened. A jamb
two hinges). component failure consists of any splitting, fracture, or pullout
17.2 Attach to the door, centered on the impact point, a rigid of the attachment screws which allows the door to be opened.
foamed polystyrene impact buffer that has a diameter of 150 A hinge component failure consists of any damage to the leaves
mm (6 in.), a thickness of 50 mm (2 in.), and a density of 32 or pin of the hinge which allows the door to be opened.
kg/m3 (2 lb/ft3). Position the door ram such that its striking 18.4 Following the hinge impact test, inspect the compo-
nose just touches the surface of the buffer when at rest. Pull nents to determine whether there is sufficient damage to
back the pendulum weight to the height necessary to produce invalidate the subsequent test, and if so, replace the damaged
the required impact, and release it. Subject the door to two components.
impacts at each required impact level, attaching a new buffer
for each impact. If the door is forced open by the test, without 19. Hinge Pin Tensile Load
damaging the jamb/strike or lock component, the door speci- 19.1 Drill a hole into the end of the exposed hinge pin with
men fails the test. If the door surface is broken, attempt to reach a No. 21 drill, centered on and aligned with the axis of the pin
inside the door, and unlock it from the inside. to a depth of 13 mm (0.5 in.). Tap the hole with a 10-32 tap,
17.3 If the door has one or more recessed panels, subject the and attach the tensile loading adapter (Fig. 13) to it with a
one closest to the lock to two impacts at each required impact hardened cap screw. Clamp one leaf of the hinge in a vice, such
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F476 − 14
FIG. 11 Alternate Lockset Component Test Fixture
NOTE 1—The wood block is nailed to the plywood base edge of block prepared for lock set. (The holes as shown are typical for key-in knob lock.)
FIG. 12 Static Bolt Load Test Fixture
that the hinge pin is in the horizontal plane. Attach the tensile intersection of a vertical line 200 mm (8 in.) from the lock
loading device (4.4.3) to a rigid load-bearing support in front of edge, and a line from the center of the bolt to the center of the
the hinge, and align the pulling axis with the axis of the hinge mid-height hinge (or the mid point between hinges, when the
pin. Attach the tensile loading adapter to the tensile device and door is hung with two hinges).
apply the required load.
20.2 Attach an impact buffer, as described in Section 17, to
20. Bolt Impact Test the face of the door, centered on the impact point, and position
20.1 Prepare the test specimen in accordance with 7.3 or 7.4 the pendulum so that it just touches the surface of the buffer
and lock the door in the closed position. Set up the door ram when at rest. Pull back the pendulum weight to the height
pendulum weight (4.2) so that its axis is horizontal, and necessary to produce the required impact, and release it.
perpendicular to the face of the door at a point defined by the Subject the door to two impacts at each required impact level,
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F476 − 14
FIG. 13 Cylinder-Pulling Adapter (Cylinder Tapped for Cap Screw)
attaching a new buffer for each impact. After each impact, try A lock component failure consists of any damage to the lock
to open the door or test panel by turning the knob, and test the mechanisms or bolt that allows the door to be opened.
dead bolt or dead latch for end pressure resistance (11.2).
20.3 A jamb/strike component failure consists of a pull-out 21. Precision and Bias
or fracture of the strike attachment screws or any splitting, 21.1 These test methods do not generate numerical values.
bending, or fracture of the door jamb at the strike that permits They establish a pass/fail condition which cannot generate
the door to be opened. A door component failure consists of numerical values for precision and bias.
any splitting or fracture of the door that allows it to be opened.
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. APPARATUS
X1.1 Torque Applicator in the cylinder. The torque wrench is connected to the adapter
with a standard socket.
X1.1.1 The torque applicator consists of a commercial
torque wrench. To achieve adequate accuracy of the measured X1.2 Tensile-Loading Device
torque, it was necessary to bond strain gauges to the spring
shaft of the torque wrench. These were connected to standard X1.2.1 The tensile-loading device has a load and force
strain gauge read-out instrumentation. The system was cali- measuring capacity of 17.8 kN (4000 lbf). A double-acting
brated to measure torque to 163 N·m (120 lbf·ft). This hydraulic ram connected directly to a load cell was used for
equipment is shown in Fig. X1.1. this equipment. The ram was an ordinary auto-body jack with
permanently connected hoses and pump. The ram had a
X1.1.2 Two load adapters are also required to apply the capacity of 17.8 kN in tension and 35.6 kN (8000 lbf) in
torque to door knobs and lock cylinders. Fig. X1.2 shows a compression. The load was measured with a universal, strain
sketch of the adapter used for door knobs. It is essentially a gauge type load cell with a capacity of 22 kN (5000 lbf) in
cylinder slightly larger than the diameter of the knob, with four tension and compression. Fig. X1.4 is a picture of this
set screws that are tightened against the side of the knob. The equipment together with a conventional strain-gauge readout
end of the cylinder away from the knob has a square shank that instrument. In use, the load is applied to the cylinder core or
is gripped with a standard socket attached to the torque wrench. body using an adapter such as that shown in Fig. 12.
X1.1.3 The load adapter used to apply torque to lock
cylinders is shown in Fig. X1.3. It is essentially a steel disk X1.3 Jamb-Spreading Device
with a spot face to accommodate the cylinder core, and a X1.3.1 The jamb-spreading device is a compressive-loading
square shank on the opposite side, and three 3-mm (1⁄8-in.) and force-measuring device with a capacity of 22 kN (5000
holes drilled on a 9-mm (3⁄8-in.) radius from the center of the lbf). This is the same equipment used for the cylinder puller.
disk, spaced 120° apart. In use, the holes in the disk are used The tensile loading rings are removed, and the force is applied
as a drill pattern to drill 3-mm diameter holes 6 mm (1⁄4 in) to the jamb through two load distributing pressure plates made
deep into the face of the lock cylinder. A 3-mm drill rod is of 3-mm (1⁄8-in.) steel, 40 by 120 mm (1.5 by 5 in.) in size. The
inserted in each hole, extending through the disk into the holes use of this equipment in the spreading of a door jamb is
10
F476 − 14
FIG. X1.1 Torque Applicator System
FIG. X1.2 Knob-Torque Adapter
illustrated in Fig. X1.5. The load is being indicated on the y testing machine was used for this equipment; however, the
axis of an x-y plotter while the movement of the jamb/strike is equipment described in X1.3.1 could be used for this purpose.
indicated on the x axis. The movement of the jamb/strike was The use of the double-acting hydraulic ram would require the
measured by means of a linear variable differential transformer construction of a rigid frame to hold the ram in a vertical
attached to the door. position above a fixed base. This base must be perpendicular to
the axis of the ram, and there must be sufficient clearance
X1.4 Compression-Loading Device between the base and the pressure face of the ram to allow the
X1.4.1 The compression-loading device has a load- and static bolt load fixture, with the lock installed in it, to be
force-measuring capacity of 900 N (200 lbf). A universal positioned directly under the ram pressure face.
11
F476 − 14
FIG. X1.3 Cylinder-Torque Adapter
FIG. X1.4 Hydraulic Ram and Load Cell
12
F476 − 14
FIG. X1.5 Jamb Spreading Device
X2. RECOMMENDED ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND CLASSIFICATION
X2.1 Summary X2.2.3 Disassembly—Door assemblies and components

X2.1.1 Test Methods F476 does not establish acceptance shall incorporate no screw, bolt, nail, staple, or other mechani-
criteria. cal fastener that is accessible from the outside, and whose
removal would permit entry by disassembly.
X2.1.2 The NILECJ (National Institute of Law Enforce-
ment and Criminal Justice) Standard and the CTRF Report, X2.2.4 Lock Type—Door assemblies and locks tested as
both, relate certain levels of force as generated by man (and components shall meet the requirements of the knob impact
tools); and the point of failure of certain assemblies as tested. test, unless it is determined by inspection that the locks are of
X2.1.3 CTRF concludes: “The structural evaluation of stan- Type B.
dard exterior single door systems, under static and dynamic X2.2.5 Grades—A door assembly meets the requirements
loads, demonstrated they will not withstand man’s capability for a specific security grade if none of the sample assemblies
for forced entry without additional local reinforcement on both fail any of the required tests for that grade. This grade holds
the door and the door jamb at the latch.” only when the wall construction and the door assembly
X2.1.4 As a guide in the selection of an acceptable perfor- installation are identical in the use and the test situation, or are
mance level which can be used in connection with Test demonstrated to be equivalent.
Methods F476, the levels of acceptance proposed by the X2.2.5.1 A component meets the requirements for a specific
NILECJ document are included in X2.2. security grade if none of the sample assemblies fail any of the
X2.2 General Criteria required tests for that grade.
X2.2.5.2 Door assemblies constructed from components
X2.2.1 Table X2.1 lists proposed minimum requirements
for four grades of door assemblies. tested and graded in accordance with these test methods shall
be considered to provide a security grade equal to that of the
X2.2.2 As general requirements, an item shall fail a test if, component having the lowest grade level, providing that the
at any time during the test, an individual can open the door wall construction and jamb and strike and hinge installations
from the outside by the following methods: pushing or pulling are identical in the use and the test situation, or are demon-
on it; turning the knob; manipulating an exposed lock mecha- strated to be equivalent.
nism; reaching through damaged portions of the door and
unlocking it from the inside; entering through damaged por- X2.2.6 Bolt Projection and Strike Hole Size—When Type A
tions of the door even though it might not be possible to open and B locks, as components, are tested, the dead bolt or dead
the door; or depressing the dead latch or dead bolt using static latch projection shall be a minimum of 14.3 mm (9⁄16 in.) for
load applied by hand. Grades 10 and 20, and 17.5 mm (11⁄16 in.) for Grades 30 and 40.
13
F476 − 14
TABLE X2.1 Door Assembly Minimum Requirements
Test Measured Parameters Grade 10 Grade 20 Grade 30 Grade 40
Static bolt loadA resistance 670 N (150 lbf) 670 N (150 lbf) 670 N (150 lbf) 670 N (150 lbf)
Jamb stiffnessB force to spread 6000 N (1350 lbf) 8000 N (1800 lbf) 16 000 N (3600 lbf) 22 000 N (4950 lbf)
increase in lock-front to 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) 13 mm (0.5 in.) 13 mm (0.5 in.)
strike space
Knob impactA, C resistance: 100-J (74- one blow two blows five blows ten blows
ft·lbf) impacts
Cylinder core loadA resistance 1300 N (290 lbf) 4800 N (1080 lbf) 11 000 N (2495 lbf) 11 000 N (2495 lbf)
Cylinder body loadA, D
resistance ... ... ... 16 000 N (3600 lbf)
Knob TorqueA, C resistance 25 N·m (18.5 lbf·ft) 50 N·m (37 lbf·ft) 110 N·m (81 lbf·ft) 160 N·m (118 lbf·ft)
Cylinder torqueA, D resistance ... ... 110 N·m (81 lbf·ft) 160 N·m (118 lbf·ft)
Cylinder impactA, D resistance: 100-J (74 ... ... five blows ten blows
ft·lbf) impacts
Door impact impact resistance at two blows of 80 J (59 Grade 10 requirements Grade 20 requirements Grade 20 requirements
center and panel ft·lbf) plus two blows of 120 J plus two blows of 160 J plus two blows of 200 J
(89 ft·lbf) (118 ft·lbf) (148 ft·lbf)
impact resistance of one blowE, F two blows five blows ten blows
glazing: 100 J (74 ft·lbf)
Hinge impact impact resistance at two blows of 80 J (59 Grade 10 requirements Grade 20 requirements Grade 20 requirements
hinge ft·lbf) plus two blows of 120 J plus two blows of 150 J plus two blows of 200 J
Hinge pin tensile loadG resistance 225 N (50 lbf) 225 N (50 lbf) 900 N (200 lbf) 900 N (200 lbf)
Bolt impact impact resistance at bolt two blows of 80 J (59 Grade 10 requirements Grade 20 requirements Grade 30 requirements
ft·lbf) plus two blows of 120 J plus two blows of 160 J plus two blows of 200 J
A
Dead latch plunger must project at least 7.9 mm (0.313 in.). use 7.9-mm (0.313-in.) spacer, where required.
B
Bolt of latch must remain engaged in strike.
C
Applies to Type A locks only.
D
Does not apply to key-in-knob locksets.
E
Does not apply when glazing starts at a distance of 750 mm (30 in.) or more from the lock.
F
Whether to use glazing impacts as described in Table X2.1 of the Appendixes under Grade 10, shall be determined by the authorities using this test procedure. Such
authority may eliminate this portion of the test.
G
Applies to out-swinging doors only.
X2.2.6.1 For locks incorporating dead latches, the size of X2.2.11 Cylinder Tension Resistance (Grade 40 Only)—
the latch-retaining hole in the strike shall be such that it will not When Type A and B locks, as components, and door assemblies
be possible for both the dead latch and dead latch plunger to are tested, it shall not be possible to open the door after the lock
enter the hole together when the latch is fully extended. cylinder has been subjected to a tensile load of 16 000 N (3600
X2.2.7 Bolt Pressure Resistance—When Type A and B lbf).
locks, as components, and locks that are components of door X2.2.12 Knob Torque Resistance—When Type A locks, as
assemblies are tested, the force required to depress the dead components, and door assemblies using Type A locks are
latch or dead bolt, or both, from the locked and projected tested, it shall not be possible to open the door after the outside
position shall be a minimum of 670 N (150 lbf).
knob has been subjected to a torque of 25 N·m (18.5 lbf·ft) for
X2.2.8 Jamb Stiffness—When jamb, as components, and Grade 10; 50 N·m (37 lbf·ft) for Grade 20; 110 N·m (81 lbf·ft)
door assemblies are tested, the force required to increase the for Grade 30; and 160 N·m (118 lbf·ft) for Grade 40. This
lock front-to-strike spacing by an additional 9.5 mm (3⁄8 in.) for requirement does not apply to locks in which the outside knob
Grades 10 and 20 and 13 mm (1⁄2 in.) for Grades 30 and 40 is free to spin when locked.
shall be a minimum of 6000 N (1350 lbf) for Grade 10; 8000
N (1800 lbf) for Grade 20; 16 000 N (3600 lbf) for Grade 30; X2.2.13 Cylinder Torque Resistance (Grades 30 and 40
and 22 000 N (4950 lbf) for Grade 40. Only)—When Type A and B locks, as components, and door
assemblies are tested, it shall not be possible to open the door
X2.2.9 Knob Impact Resistance—When Type A locks, as
after the cylinder lock has been subject to a torque of 110 N·m
components, and door assemblies using Type A locks are
tested, it shall not be possible to open the door after the outside (81 lbf·ft) for Grade 30 and 160 N·m (118 lbf·ft) for Grade 40.
knob has been subjected to one blow of 100 J (74 ft·lbf) for This requirement does not apply to key-in-knob locks, or a lock
Grade 10; two blows of 100 J (74 ft·lbf) for Grade 20; five which is not possible to apply a torque to the cylinder body by
blows of 100 J (74 ft·lbf) for Grade 30; and ten blows of 100 gripping its edge.
J (74 ft·lbf) for Grade 40. X2.2.14 Cylinder Impact Resistance (Grades 30 and 40
X2.2.10 Cylinder Core Tension Resistance—When Type A Only)—When Type A and B locks, as components, and door
and B locks, as components, and door assemblies are tested, it assemblies are tested, it shall not be possible to open the door
shall not be possible to open the door after the cylinder core of after the cylinder core or body has been subjected to five blows
the lock has been subjected to a tensile force of 1300 N (290 of 100 J (74 ft·lbf) for Grade 30 and ten blows of 100 J (74
lbf) for Grade 10; 4800 N (1080 lbf) for Grade 20; and 11 000 ft·lbf) for Grade 40. This requirement does not apply to
N (2450 lbf) for Grades 30 and 40. key-in-knob locks.
14
F476 − 14
X2.2.15 Door Impact Resistance—When doors, as requirements of the hinge-impact resistance test with the hinge
components, and door assemblies are tested, it shall not be pins removed during the test, they shall be considered to have
possible to open the door following impacts at each required met the requirements for hinge pin removal resistance.
test location of two blows of 80 J (59 ft·lbf) for Grade 10; the X2.2.17 Hinge Impact Resistance—When hinges, doors,
Grade 10 requirement plus two blows of 120 J (89 ft·lbf) for and jambs, as components, and door assemblies are tested, it
Grade 20, the grade 20 requirement plus two blows of 160 J shall not be possible to open the door following two blows of
(118 ft·lbf) for Grade 30; and the Grade 30 requirement plus 80 J (59 ft·lbf) for Grade 10; the Grade 10 requirements plus
two blows of 200 J (148 ft·lbf) for Grade 40. two blows of 120 J (89 ft·lbf) for Grade 20; the Grade 20
X2.2.15.1 When the door has one or more glazing panels requirement plus two blows of 160 J (118 ft·lbf) for Grade 30;
with the smallest side larger than 100 mm (4 in.) or the door and the Grade 30 requirement plus two blows of 200 J (148
assembly has such a panel in the door or adjacent to the door ft·lbf) for Grade 40.
(side light), it shall, in addition, not be possible to open the
door after the glazing panel closest to the lock has been X2.2.18 Bolt Impact Resistance—When Type A and B
subjected to one blow of 100 J (74 ft·lbf) for Grade 10, two locks, doors, and jamb/strike, as components, and door assem-
blows for Grade 20, five blows for Grade 30, and ten blows for blies are tested, it shall not be possible to open the door
Grade 40. This requirement does not apply to Grade 10 door following two blows of 80 J (59 ft·lbf) for Grade 10; the Grade
components or door assemblies in which the glazing panel is 10 requirement plus two blows of 120 J (89 ft·lbf) for Grade
located a distance of 750 mm (30 in.) or more from the lock. 20; the Grade 20 requirement plus two blows of 160 J (118
ft·lbf) for Grade 30; and the Grade 30 requirement plus two
X2.2.16 Hinge Pin Removal Resistance—When hinges hav-
blows of 200 J (148 ft·lbf) for Grade 40.
ing exposed pins, intended for use with out-swinging doors,
and out-swinging door assemblies incorporating such hinges
X2.3 Classification
are tested, the hinge pins shall resist without removal a tensile
load of 225 N (50 lbf) for Grades 10 and 20; 900 N (200 lbf) X2.3.1 It is suggested that Table X2.1 be used with the
for Grades 30 and 40. understanding that four grades of security are established with
X2.2.16.1 If the hinges fail to meet the requirement in Grade 40 being the highest and Grade 10 the lowest. Use of
X2.2.16, but incorporate mechanical interlocks between the grade levels should be selected in accordance with the security
leaves of the hinges in the closed position, and meet the objectives desired.
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

Standard Test Methods for

1. Scope 3.1.3 component, n—as distinguished from a part, a subas-

2. Referenced Documents 3.1.8 door assembly, n—any combination of a door, frame,

FIG. 2 Door Ram

FIG. 4 Vacuum Release Mechanism

FIG. 5 Vertical Impactor

FIG. 6 Vertical Impactor Pendulum System

FIG. 7 Vertical Impactor Pivot Assembly

FIG. 8 Wall Support Fixture

NOTE 1—All studs, plates, and headers are 2-by-4s.

14. Knob Torque Test 16. Cylinder Impact Test

NOTE 1—The door panel consists of three pieces of plywood [610 mm

FIG. 11 Alternate Lockset Component Test Fixture

FIG. 13 Cylinder-Pulling Adapter (Cylinder Tapped for Cap Screw)

FIG. X1.1 Torque Applicator System

FIG. X1.2 Knob-Torque Adapter

FIG. X1.3 Cylinder-Torque Adapter

FIG. X1.4 Hydraulic Ram and Load Cell

FIG. X1.5 Jamb Spreading Device

X2. RECOMMENDED ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND CLASSIFICATION

X2.1 Summary X2.2.3 Disassembly—Door assemblies and components

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