Grammar Test

GRAMMAR TENSES IN CONTEXT

TEST 1
Read the text below. For each empty space (1-12) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D).
A: Hello, (1) __________________ you from Australia?
B: No, I (2) __________________.
A: Where (3) __________________ you from?
В: I (4) __________________ from the United Kingdom.
A: (5) __________________ this your partner?
B: No, he (6) __________________. He (7)__________________ __________________ my boss.
A: (8) __________________ he from the United Kingdom, too?
B: No, he (9) __________________ from Portugal.
A: (10) __________________ you on vacation here?
B: No, we (11) __________________ here on business.
A: And what about you?
В: I (12) __________________ on vacation.

A В C D
1 am is are be
2 ’m not not am isn’t
3 is are am be
4 be is are am
5 Are Is Am Be
6 not aren’t isn’t am not
7 be are am is
8 Is Are Isn’t Am
9 is are am aren’t
10 Is Am Are Be
11 are am isn’t aren’t
12 is am am not are

TEST 2

Maria (1) __________________ to improve her Spanish. Therefore, she (2) __________________
a language course in Madrid at the moment. She (3) __________________ with a host family and
must (4) __________________ the tube to get to her language school. It (5) __________________
only a five-minute walk to the nearest tube station. The train (6) __________________ at half past
eight. The first lesson (7) __________________ 9 o’clock. In the afternoons, the school (8)
__________________ sightseeing tours in and around Madrid. Tomorrow, the students of the
language school (9) __________________ on an excursion around the city.

A В C D
1 want wanting wants to want
2 to do is doing does do
3 stay to stay is staying stays
4 to take taking takes take
5 is be to be is being
6 leave leaves leaving is leaving
7 to begin begins beginning begin
8 offering is offering offers offer
9 are going is going go goes

TEST 3

Sam lives in a little village. He is in his last year at school. After school Sam (1)
__________________ to become a manager. So, this week, he (2)_______________________ a
practical course in a bank. There (3) __________________ a bank in a nearby town, but Sam (4)
__________________ to take a bus to get there. The bus (5) __________________ at 6.00 in the
morning and (6) __________________ at 8.00 in the evening. Sam (7) __________________ to
spend so much time in town before and after work, waiting for the bus. Therefore, this week he (8)
__________________ with his aunt who (9) __________________ in town. Sam usually (10)
__________________ jeans and T-shirts, but while he (11) __________________ for the bank
now, he (12)__ a suit and a tie.

A В C D
1 want wanting wants is wanting
2 is doing does do doing
3 be is am are
4 have is having has to have
5 leave leaving is leaving leaves
6 returns return is returning are returning
7 not like doesn’t like don’t like not likes
8 stays stay staying is staying
9 is living live lives living
10 wears wearing is wearing wear
11 work is working works is work
12 is to wear wearing wears is wearing

TEST 4

Banks in the United Kingdom (1) __________________ at 9.30 a.m. and (2) __________________
at 3.30 p.m. They aren’t open at weekends, but they (3) __________________ at lunchtime. More
and more people (4) __________________ cheque cards and credit cards nowadays. Cheque cards
(5) __________________ a special number. In shops, the assistants (6) __________________ it on
the back of the cheque. The number (7) __________________ the cheque. The bank will always
pay cheques with a number. A credit card (8) __________________ different. You can buy a lot of
things with a credit card, and (9) __________________ only one cheque to the credit card
company, probably four or five weeks later.

A В C D
1 opens are opening open is opening
2 closes close are closing is closing
3 don’t close aren’t closing doesn’t close isn’t closing
4 carry are carrying is carrying carries
5 has are having have having
6 puts put are putting is putting
7 guarantees guaranteed is guaranteeing guarantee
8 am is are be
9 pays is paying are paying pay

TEST 5

Ben Doe is Britain’s most successful runner. He (1) __________________ five medals in the
Commonwealth Games last year. He (2) __________________ harder than anybody else. He
usually (3) __________________ yoghurt for breakfast, steak and salad for lunch, and salad in the
evening. He (4) __________________ in Norwich and he still (5) __________________ there. He
(6) __________________ two years ago, and his wife always (7) __________________ with him.
They (8) __________________ in London yesterday, and we (9) __________________ both of
them.

A В C D
1 wins won win is winning
2 trains is training trained train
3 have is having has had
4 born was born were born is born
5 lived living live lives
6 was married married were married marries
7 is travelling travels travel travelling
8 was is were are
9 interview interviewing interviews interviewed

TEST 6

In November 1963 someone (1) __________________ President John F. Kennedy when he (2)
__________________ Dallas. He (3) __________________ later in hospital. The police (4)
__________________ Lee Harvey Oswald. Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner, (5)
__________________ Oswald at the police station. November 22nd (6) __________________ one
of the most important days in the modern American history. Most Americans can remember what
they (7) __________________ when they (8) __________________ about the news of Kennedy’s
assassination.

A В C D
1 shoot shoots shot shooting
2 was visiting visited visit visits
3 die was dying dies died
4 catch caught catches was caught
5 killing kills kill killed
6 is are was were
7 were doing did do does
8 hearing hear hears heard

TEST 7

Two days ago, a murder (1) __________________ in Market Street at about 7 p.m. Yesterday,
Sherlock Holmes (2) __________________ at the crime scene to investigate. He (3)
__________________ one of the tenants in the house:
“What (4) __________________ yesterday at seven?”
“I (5) __________________ a book,” (6) __________________ one of them.
“(7) __________________ you alone? “
“Yes, I (8) __________________.”
“(9) __________________ anything suspicious?”
“Yes, about seven o’clock, two people (10) __________________ in the hallway. But the book was
so interesting. I (11) __________________ anything more.”

A В C D
1 was happening happen was happened happened
2 was arriving had arrived arrived arrives
3 was asking asked asks asking
4 were you doing do you do did you do were you to do
5 read reading had to read was reading
6 was answering answer answered was answered
7 was were be are
8 were was is are
9 Did you hear Have you heard Were you heard Heard
10 argued arguing were arguing argue
11 wasn’t hearing didn’t hear not heard don’t hear

TASK 8

A: What (1) __________________ yesterday at 8 p.m.?
В: I (2) __________________ the pub with Sam. Why?
A: I (3) __________________ to the sports centre at that time to play squash with a few friends. As
we only players, I (4) __________________ to ring you if you would like to come as well, but I (5)
__________________ you at home.
B: Why (6) __________________ on my mobile?
A: I actually (7) __________________ to ring on your mobile, but by accident I (8)
__________________ William’s number. He (9) __________________ anything special at the
moment and really (10) __________________ the idea of playing squash with us.

A В C D
1 did you do were you doing you did did you
2 sat was to sit was sitting sitting
3 were driving drove did drive was driving
4 was trying tried trying was to try
5 wasn’t reaching hadn’t reached didn’t reach not reached
6 wasn’t you ringing didn’t you ring weren’t you ringing not you rang
7 wanting had wanted wanted wants
8 dialed was dialing were dialing was to dial
9 didn’t do was to do were doing wasn’t doing
10 like liked liking was liked

TEST 9

Dear Mary,
What (1) __________________ at the weekend? I (2) __________________ shopping with my
mum. My neighbour (3) __________________ a party on Friday and Mum says she (4)
__________________ me some new clothes. I am sure I (5) __________________ something nice!
On Sunday we (6) __________________ our grandparents - we go every Sunday. The car’s at the
garage, so we (7) __________________ a bus. We’ve already got our tickets. I don’t think we (8)
__________________ home late because the last bus is at half past five.
Well, that’s the news for the moment, I (9) __________________ again soon!
Love, Sally.

A В c D
1 will you go are you doing are you going to do do you do
2 go shopping goes shopping am going shopping am going shop
3 is having has will have having
4 is buying will buy is going to buy buys
5 finds is finding will find find
6 visit are visiting is visiting will visit
7 take taking will take is taking
8 is getting gets is going to get will get
9 is going to write writes is writing will write

TEST 10

Read the text below, For each empty space (1-12) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D).
Hello Bill,
I (1) __________________ to school any more. I (2) __________________ to college. In fact I (3)
__________________ to college at the moment. I hope you can read my letter as I (4)
__________________ it on the train. It isn’t very comfortable. A boy (5) __________________
next to me and he (6) __________________ to a Walkman. It’s very loud. I usually (7)
__________________ the 9 o’clock train but today I (8) __________________ the 9.30 one as I got
up late.
I (9) __________________ badminton with Sue this evening. She still (10)_____________
__________________ to school, so I don’t see her during the day. We (11) __________________
badminton every Tuesday.
We (12) __________________ at my station now, so I’ll stop for the moment.
A В C D
1 not go don’t go am not going not going
2 goes am going go have gone
3 am travelling travel will travel have travelled
4 write am writing wrote writing
5 sits sat is sitting sit
6 is listening listen listened listens
7 caught have caught has caught catch
8 take took have taken will take
9 will play play am playing have played
10 go is going has gone goes
11 play are playing have played will play
12 arrived arrive arriving are arriving

TEST 11

Oxygen and water (1) __________________ necessary for life. Our planet, Earth, (2)
__________________ both. So, (3) __________________ the earth the only planet in our solar
system with life? People (4) __________________ about this for many years. Some (5)
__________________ the skies and seen unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Some even say they
(6) __________________ aliens from other worlds. Every year millions of people (7)
__________________ books and (8) __________________ to see films about outer space. The film
’ET The Extraterrestial’, about an alien left behind on Earth, (9) __________________ one of the
most popular films ever made.

A В C D
1 is isn’t are aren’t
2 have have had has has had
3 aren’t is am are
4 have wondered wondered has wondered wonder
5 watched has watched watch have watched
6 meet have met meets has met
7 reads have read read has read
8 have gone has gone goes go
9 is are be am

TEST 12

At one time people (1) __________________ there (2) __________________ life on the moon and
little green men on Mars. For many years some people (3) __________________ Venus (4)
__________________ a natural garden because it (5) __________________ green. Some scientists
(6) __________________ there (7) __________________ life in the clouds over Jupiter.
Today we (8) __________________ these things (9) __________________ true. Earth (10)
__________________ to be the only planet in our solar system with life. But we will continue to
wonder, “ (11) __________________ we alone?”

A В C D
1 have thought think thought has thought
2 was is were are
3 think thinks have thought thought
4 were was am are
5 are be is has been
6 thought has thought think have thought
7 were was has been have been
8 have known has known knows know
9 are not is not am not was not
10 seem seemed seems has seemed
11 Are Is Were Was

TEST 13

Recently scientists (1) __________________ more about life on planet Earth and now they (2)
__________________ better where to look for life in outer space.
For a long time, scientists (3) __________________ that life (4) __________________ on sunlight
for energy. Then, in 1978, a submarine (5) __________________ to the bottom of the Pacific
Ocean. Although there (6) __________________ no sunlight, they (7) __________________ tube
worms, clams and crabs, and other life forms.
Since then scientists (8) __________________ at the life on earth in other difficult environments —
dry, cold and hot - and (9) __________________ that water is the key. Wherever there (10)
__________________ water, life (11) __________________ exist. So scientists (12)
__________________ to search for water in the solar system.

A В C D
1 found out has found out find out have found out
2 knew have known know known
3 believe believed believes have believed
4 depended depend depends have depended
5 dive have dived has dived dived
6 were was has been have been
7 have found finds found has found
8 have looked looked looks has looked
9 found have found has found finds
10 was has been is be
11 could will be able was able can
12 began has begun have begun begin

TEST 14

Read the text below. For each empty space (1-6) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Earth is the name of the planet on which we (1) __________________ . It is a huge ball of rock (2)
__________________ through space. No one is sure when earth (3) __________________, but
some scientists think that, between 10 and 20 billion years ago, there (4) __________________ a
huge explosion, (5) __________________ the big bang. Gradually, over millions of years, stars and
planets (6) __________________ to form. One of these planets was Earth.

A В C D
1 are living lived live have lived
2 spin spinning span is spinning
3 began begins begin begun
4 was were have been is
5 calling was called called has called
6 have started started was started starts

TEST 15

Planet Earth is a ball of rock and metal, (1) __________________ up of four layers. The thin, cool,
outside layer (2) __________________ the crust. People live on the surface of the crust. The three
layers inside (3) __________________ and (4) __________________ than the crust. No one (5)
__________________ exactly what earth is like deep inside, but we do know that (6)
__________________ part is in the middle.

A В C D
1 made make making was made
2 called calling calls is called
3 is thicker are thicker is thickest are thickest
4 more hotter much hot much hotter more hot
5 knows know is known known
6 hotter hot the hotter the hot

TEST 16

Read the text below. For each empty space (1-6) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
An earthquake (1) __________________ when there are sudden movements in Earth’s crust that
make the ground shake. Most earthquakes are small, and we (2) __________________ them, but
during large earthquakes, rocks (3) __________________. The land may split apart along a crack in
the crust (4) __________________ a fault line. Some large fault lines (5) __________________
above places where (6) __________________ plates meet.

A В C D
1 happened happen happens has happened
2 didn’t notice don’t notice not notice not noticed
3 are trembling tremble trembled trembling
4 calls call called were called
5 are lying lay lie lying
6 Earth’s Earth Earths Earth’

TEST 17

An earthquake (1) __________________ deep underground, but makes rocks on the surface (2)
__________________ open. Windows break and walls crack. People find it difficult (3)
__________________. Fires break out because gas pipes and electrical wires (4)
__________________. When water pipes burst, it is difficult for firefighters (5)
__________________ fires. When the shaking (6) __________________ stronger, buildings
crumble and bridges collapse.

A В C D
1 start is starting starts have started
2 to crack cracking crack cracked
3 stay standing to stay standing staying stand stay stand
4 damaged were damaged are damaged have damaged
5 having put out putting out to put out to putting out
6 become becomes has become became

TEST 18

All rocks are mixtures of tiny grains called minerals. (1) __________________ minerals are soft
and light, (2) __________________ are hard and dark. Gold and iron are types of minerals, called
metals, that (3) __________________ rocks. Diamonds and the opal are rare minerals, called gems.
The grand canyon in Arizona (4) __________________ up of many layers of rock that (5)
__________________ away by water. One of the main kinds of rock in the canyon is sandstone,
which (6) __________________ sand and (7) __________________ pieces of rock. It can be cut
and shaped easily, so it (8) __________________ for building.
Most fossils are (9) __________________ of ancient animals and plants that (10)
__________________ in rock over millions of years and turned to stone. Sometimes fossils are the
signs (11) __________________ by animals, (12) __________________ footprints, burrows or
droppings.

A В C D
1 Something Any Some Several
2 other another different others
3 found are found have been found were found
4 is made made was made were made
5 have been worn worn was worn has been worn
6 made of is made of was made up made up
7 some others other another
8 often used often is used is used often is often used
9 the remains remains the remain remain
10 hardened has hardened have been hardened have hardened
11 left left behind were left were left behind
12 such so as such as as

TEST 19

The world’s (1) __________________ mountain range, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, runs down_____
the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
The Pacific Ocean is (2) __________________ all the land on Earth put together. (3)
__________________ place on Earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. It plunges down
for 36,198 feet (11,033 m).
The Sahara, in Africa is (4) __________________ desert in the world. It covers an area almost (5)
__________________ the United States. (6) __________________ of the Sahara is stony, but in
sandy places, the wind blows the sand into (7) __________________ hills called dunes. When the
wind blows really (8) __________________, the sand flies through the air in a sandstorm.

A В C D
1 long the longest longest longer
2 biggest as bigger than biggest than the biggest
3 Deeper Deepest The deeper The deepest
4 bigger big the bigger the biggest
5 as big as big big as so big as
6 More Most Many Much
7 bigger biggest big as big
8 hardly harder hardest hard

TEST 20

A constellation is a group of stars that (1 __________________ a pattern in the sky. Astronomers
(2) __________________ 88 constellations and given each of them a name. The constellations (3)
__________________ their shape, but as the night (4) __________________, they seem (5)
__________________ across the sky. This happens because Earth (6) __________________
around. The constellations themselves (7) __________________ really __________________.
People see different constellations (8) __________________ on where they live in the world.

A В C D
1 make makes made have made
2 counted was counted counts have counted
3 do not change didn’t change aren’t changed weren’t changed
4 pass passes have passed was passed
5 moving to move moved were moved
6 spins was spinning is spinning spin
7 are not moving don’t move were not moving have not moved
8 depended depending depend are depended

TEST 21

Many constellations, or group of stars, got their names thousands of years ago. Some, such as the
Great Dog or the Whale, (1) __________________ after the animal. Others, such as the Centaur,
(2) __________________ their names from creatures or people in ancient stories. In the past, sailors
(3) __________________ across the ocean used the constellations (4) __________________ their
way. During (5) __________________ voyages, some new constellations (6) __________________
. They (7) __________________ names, such as the Sails, after parts of a ship.
Some constellations, such as Orion, (8) __________________ in the southern sky for half of the
year and the northern sky for the other half.

A В C D
1 are named named naming were named
2 took have taken takes take
3 was travelling travelling travelled travel
4 find to find finding found
5 this that those these
6 discovered discover have discovered were discovered
7 were given given gave gives
8 seen can be seen can see be seen

TEST 22

On a clear night, you can see about 3,000 stars (1) __________________ the sky without (2)
__________________ a telescope. (3) __________________ star that astronomers (4)
__________________ is nearly 40 times (5) __________________ than the sun. In about five
billion years, the sun (6) __________________ to a giant star. It (7) __________________ large
enough (8) __________________ Earth.

A В C D
1 on in at above
2 use used using uses
3 The hot Hot The hotter Hotter
4 found has found have found finds
5 hot hotter hot the hot
6 swells up will swell up is swelling up swelling up
7 may become may have become may be become may became
8 swallow up swallowed up to swallow up swallowing up

TEST 23

Saturn is (1) __________________ dense planet in the solar system, and if it (2)
__________________ on an enormous sea it would float. It also (3) __________________ around
so fast (4) __________________ it bulges out in the middle. (5) __________________ moons orbit
Saturn than any other planet. Astronomers (6) __________________ 18 so far. Some of Saturn’s
moons (7) __________________ on the right.
Saturn has (8) __________________ and the widest rings of (9) __________________ of the gas
planets. They are thin and flat and (10) __________________ of pieces of ice. (11)
__________________ pieces can be tiny flakes or chunks (12) __________________ a house.

A В C D
1 little the least less the less
2 placed have placed placing were placed
3 spin spinning spins were spinning
4 that this these those
5 Most Many More Much
6 counted count are counting have counted
7 show showed are shown have shown
8 the brightest brighter the brighter bright
9 some no anything any
10 make up making up made up have made up
11 These That This Those
12 so large as as large as as larger as so largest as

TEST 24

It was nine o’clock in the evening. Steve (1) __________________ in the reclining chair and
thought about the day. What a busy day it (2) __________________! This was his first night in his
own flat. He (3) __________________ his entire life in the family home, and now for the first time,
he (4) __________________ on his own.
He sat surrounded by boxes that they (5) __________________ to unpack during the day. It (6)
__________________ months to get all these things together. His mother (7) __________________
very generous, buying him things like towels and mugs. He (8) __________________ into the
kitchen and got a coke from the fridge. He suddenly (9) __________________ very tired and
yawned. No wonder he (10) __________________! He (11) __________________ up since six
o’clock in the morning. He (12) _____________________________________________________
to finish his coke and go to bed.

A В C D
1 was sitting down had sat down sitting down sat down
2 was has been had been be
3 lived had lived has lived has been living
4 is was had been has been
5 not managed didn’t manage hadn’t managed hasn’t managed
6 has taken took had been taking had taken
7 was had been has been being
8 has gone had gone went had been going
9 felt was feeling had felt feeling
10 tired was tired had been tired has been tired
11 was had been being has been
12 has decided deciding had decided decided

TEST 25
Winning the lottery was the worst thing that ever happened to me. I wish I (1)
__________________.
I gave my husband one million dollars and he ran away with my best friend. I wish I (2)
__________________ him any money. The police can’t find them. If only they (3)
__________________!
My children have changed. They are always asking me for money, and they won’t do their school
work. I wish they (4) __________________.
I left my job at the factory which was a big mistake. If only I (5) __________________ it! I
(6)_______________________________________ __________________ all my friends. I bought
a big new house in an expensive part of town but I can’t find any friends here and I’m so lonely. I
wish I (7) __________________ some friends. My life is miserable. I wish I (8)
__________________ back to my old life.
A В C D
1 didn’t win hadn’t won had won did won
2 gave didn’t give hadn’t given haven’t given
3 will be able can are able could
4 would will would be will be
5 didn’t leave hadn’t left left leave
6 wouldn’t lose didn’t lose wouldn’t have lost won’t lose
7 can make could make could made could
8 can go could have gone could go go
TEST 26

Nick and I had our first big row last night - all about our vacation. It was horrible. We shouted at
each other!
He told me that it (1) __________________ my fault that we (2) __________________ to Turkey
and that it (3) __________________ a fortune and (4) __________________ the worst holiday he
had ever had.
I said there was nothing wrong with Kemer, it was very beautiful, but the travel firm (5)
__________________. Their brochure (6) __________________ all kinds of things about the hotel
and it (7) __________________ lies. I told him that he (8) __________________ to blame me and I
started crying.
Nick said he was sorry and that he (9) __________________ that it wasn’t my fault really. He said
that he would go to the travel agency first thing in the morning and that he (10)
__________________ them about everything that (11) __________________. I said that I would
go, too, because I (12) __________________ to ask for our money back.

A В C D
1 is has been was had been
2 went go had gone are going
3 cost had cost would cost costs
4 been was has been had been
5 were to blame was to blame are to blame is to blame
6 promised had promised was promising has promised
7 all was all had been had all been was all
8 has no right have no right had no right has had no right
9 knew know knows had known
10 tell would tell will tell tells
11 has gone wrong had gone wrong gone wrong went wrong
12 am going going was going be going

TEST 27

Read the dialogue below. For each empty space (1-6) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D).
A: My car (1) __________________ a service, but garages are so expensive nowadays.
B: Can’t you service it yourself?
A: I don’t know (2) __________________ about cars!
B: Then if I (3) __________________ you, I’d (4) __________________. The garage that I (5)
__________________ is very reasonable. And have the radiator (6) __________________ with
anti-freeze. They say it’s going to be a cold winter.

A В C D
1 needs need needed is needing
2 something anything nothing no
3 be were am have been
4 it service had it services have it serviced serviced
5 have used use used using
6 filled fill filling fills

TEST 28
Read the sentences below. For each empty space (1-12) choose the correct answer (A, В or C).
1. I want you __________________ her.
2. You must __________________ up.
3. They learn __________________.
4. I can __________________ along some packages of crisps.
5. Do you __________________ English?
6. __________________ causes cancer.
7. __________________ football is not allowed here.
8. __________________ in this park at night can be dangerous.
9. __________________ your summer holidays watching TV is a waste of time,
10. Jenny is afraid of __________________.
11. Bob wants __________________ to Japan. 12. I cannot __________________ you the bike.
A В C
1 thank to thank thanking
2 hurry to hurry hurrying
3 cook to cook cooking
4 bring to bring bringing
5 enjoy to enjoy enjoying
6 Smoke To smoke Smoking
7 Play To play Playing
8 Walk To walk Walking
9 Spend To spend Spending
10 fly to fly flying
11 travel to travel travelling
12 give to give giving
TEST 29
1. Carla enjoys __________________.
2. Garth is good at __________________ jokes.
3. __________________ to London has become rather cheap.
4. __________________ is prohibited at petrol stations.
5. __________________ is good for your breath.
6. __________________ is one of my hobbies.
7. __________________ is impossible on this sandy ground.
8. I enjoy __________________ on holiday.
9. He used to __________________ in the country.
10. She is used to __________________ in the country.
11. I am tired of __________________. 12. Ellen made me __________________.
A В C
1 shop to shop shopping
2 tell to tell telling
3 Fly To fly Flying
4 Smoke To smoke Smoking
5 Swim To swim Swimming
6 Travel To travel Travelling
7 Cycle To cycle Cycling
8 go to go going
9 live to live living
11 wait to wait waiting
12 laugh to laugh laughing
TEST 30
Read the text below. For each empty space (1-14) choose the correct answer (A, В or C).
What can we do (1) __________________ a healthy way of life? In our society people spend more
and more time (2) __________________. So we often don’t bother (3) __________________
healthy meals. In order (4) __________________ time, we tend (5) __________________ fast
food. At fast food restaurants, we can (6) __________________ quite a lot without (7)
__________________ (8) __________________ a fortune. And children enjoy (9)
__________________ chips and burgers and (10) __________________ lemonade and cola. That’s
a problem because eating habits are hard (11) __________________. The high amount of
carbonhydrates in fast food and sugary drinks is blamed for (12) __________________ the body’s
regulation of appetite. So we keep on (13) __________________ (14) __________________ more.
A В C
2 work to work working
3 prepare to prepare preparing
4 save to save saving
5 buy to buy buying
6 eat to eat eating
7 have to have having
8 pay to pay paying
9 eat to eat eating
10 drink to drink drinking
11 shake to shake shaking
12 destabilise to destabilise destabilising
13 want to want wanting
14 eat to eat eating
TEST 31
Bad eating habits result in people (1) ______________ obese. Obese people risk (2) ___________
from heart diseases. We can (3) __________________ such diseases by (4) __________________
(5) __________________ healthy food. Be careful though. Some people are convinced
(6)___________________ _ something for their health by (7) __________________ on energy bars
or cornflakes. And this is what the advertising for these products wants (8) __________________
us. In reality, however, these foods are often heavily sugared (9) __________________ them
flavour. But sugar is not mentioned as clearly as the low fat - that’s why experts warn against (10)
__________________ on the ads. To live a healthy life, we ought (11) __________________ our
food wisely. We should (12) ____________ regular meals and ways of (13) __________ more.
A В C
І become to become becoming
2 suffer to suffer suffering
3 avoid to avoid avoiding
4 risk to risk risking
5 choose to choose choosing
6 eat to eat eating
10 reply to reply replying
11 choose to choose choosing
12 eat to eat eating
13 have to have having
TEST 32
Read the Conditional Sentences (Typel) below. For each empty space (1-12) choose the correct
answer (A, В or C).
1. If we (1) __________________ to London, we (2) __________________ the Tower.
2. If the shop (3) __________________ open, I (4) __________________ a souvenir.
3. If she (5) __________________ the bus, she (6) __________________ here on time.
4. He (7) __________________ me if he (8) __________________ the answer.
5. Jane (9) __________________ you in if I (10) __________________ here.
6. If you (11) __________________ an ice-cream, I (12) __________________ a hot chocolate.

A В C
1 go goes will go
2 visit visits will visit
3 be is will be
4 buy buys will buy
5 miss misses will miss
6 not get doesn’t get won’t get
7 help helps will help
8 know knows will know
9 let lets will let
10 am not don’t be will not be
11 eat eats will eat
12 have will have has

TEST 33

1. If she (1) __________________ a computer, her brother (2) __________________ her his
computer.
2. If we (3) __________________ time this afternoon, we (4) __________________ tomorrow.
3. He (5) __________________ to her if you (6) __________________ to do it.
4. You (7) __________________ the game if you (8) __________________ the rules.
5. If you (9) __________________ the dishes, I (10) __________________ dinner tonight.
6. If my dad (11) __________________ time next week, we (12) __________________ my room.

A В C
1 need needs will need
2 give gives will give
3 don’t have doesn’t have not have
4 meet would meet will meet
5 would talk will talk talks
6 not want wouldn’t want don’t want
7 won’t win don’t win not win
8 not know will not know don’t know
9 will wash wash would wash
10 will cook would cook cook
11 will have has would have
12 paint will paint would paint

TEST 34

1. You (1) __________________ a lot about British history if you (2) __________________ the
exhibition.
2. If the weather (3) __________________ too bad tomorrow, we (4) __________________ golf.
3. We (5) __________________ there on time, if we (6) __________________ the bus.
4. If you (7) __________________ out with your friends tonight, I (8) __________________ TV.
5. I (9) __________________ a lot of money if I (10) __________________ this job.
6. If she (11) __________________, we (12) __________________ the bus.

A В C
1 learn will learn would learn
2 visit will visit visits
3 not be will not be isn’t
4 play will play would play
5 not get will not get don’t get
6 not catch will not catch don’t catch
7 go will go would go
8 watch will watch watching
9 earn will earn would earn
10 get will get not get
11 doesn’t hurry will not hurry would not hurry
12 miss will miss misses

TEST 35
Read the Conditional Sentences (Type II) below. For each empty space (1-12) choose the correct
1. If I (1) __________________ more time, I (2) __________________ to play the guitar.
2. If she (3) __________________ harder, she (4) __________________ better marks.
3. If we (5) __________________ more about history, we (6) __________________ afraid of the
test.
4. I (7) __________________ jogging with Tom and Sue if they (8) __________________ here this
week.
5. It (9) __________________ me if she (10) __________________ you.
6. If he (11) __________________ harder, he (12) __________________ his goals.

A В C
1 have had would have
2 learn would learn will learn
3 study studies studied
4 get gets would get
5 know will know knew
6 not be won’t be wouldn’t be
7 go would go will go
8 be are were
9 surprise would surprise surprises
10 not help wouldn’t help didn’t help
11 try tried would try
12 reach will reach would reach
TEST 36
Read the Conditional Sentences (Type і and II) below. For each empty space (1-12) choose the
correct answer (A, В or C).
1. If you need the car in the afternoon, I (1) __________________ shopping in the morning.
2. If I (2) __________________ a hat, I would look like an old woman.
3. I’ll buy this bag if they (3) __________________ it in blue.
4. She wouldn’t pay cash if she (4) __________________ a credit.
5. If I didn’t have you, I (5) __________________ what to do.
6. If 1 knew about it I (6) __________________ you.
7. They would come if we (7) __________________ them.
8. I (8) __________________ around the world if I won the lottery.
9. If he (9) __________________ my address, he will send me a letter.
10. She will go shopping if she (10) __________________ some free time.
11. If I (11) __________________ you, I wouldn’t go there alone.
12. I would recognize the man if I (12) __________________ him at the party.
A В C
1 go would go will go
2 wear wore am wearing
3 have had will have
4 get would get got
5 not know wouldn’t know won’t know
6 call will call would call
7 invite invited would invite
8 would travel will travel travelled
9 have had has
10 has have will have
11 will be were would be
12 would see see saw
TEST 37
Read the Conditional Sentences (Type III) below. For each empty space (1-12) choose the correct
1. If we (1) __________________ to the radio, we (2) __________________ the news.
2. If you (3) __________________ on the lights, you (4) __________________ over the chair.
3. She (5) __________________ to our party if she (6) __________________ on holiday.
4. She (7) __________________ me to the station if her car (8) __________________ down.
5. If it (9) __________________ yesterday, we (10) __________________ sailing.
6. Even if I (11) __________________ a wet-suit, I (12) __________________ scuba-diving.
A В C
1 listened had listened would listen
2 would have heard would hear heard
3 switch had switched would have switched
4 did not break would break wouldn’t have broken
5 would have come would come came
6 would go would have gone hadn’t gone
7 would take would have taken will take
8 hadn’t broken didn’t break wouldn’t break
9 had not rained didn’t rain wouldn’t rain
10 wouldn’t go won’t go would have gone
11 had had had would have
12 wouldn’t have gone wouldn’t go won’t go

TEST 38

Read the Conditional Sentences (Type, I, II, III) below. For each empty space (1-12) choose the
correct answer (A, В or C).
1. If I (1) __________________ stronger, I’d help you carry the piano.
2. If we’d seen you, we (2) __________________.
3. If we (3) __________________ him tomorrow, we’ll say hello.
4. He would have repaired the chair himself if he (4) __________________ the tools.
5. If you drop the vase, it (5) __________________.
6. If I hadn’t studied, I (6) __________________ the exam.
7. I wouldn’t go to school by bus if I (7) __________________ a driving license.
8. If she (8) __________________ him every day, she’d miss him.
9. I (9) __________________ to London if I don’t get a cheap flight.
10. We’d be stupid if we (10) __________________ him about our secret.
11. It (11) __________________ silly if we tried to walk there.
12. I (12) __________________ the film only if the reviews are good.

A В C
1 be had been were
2 will stop would stop would have stopped
3 will meet meet would meet
4 have had had had
5 will break breaks would break
6 will not pass wouldn’t have passed didn’t pass
7 will have had would have
8 wouldn’t not see doesn’t see didn’t see
9 will not travel wouldn’t travel wouldn’t have travelled
10 will tell told would tell
11 be will be would be
12 will watch would watch would have watched

TEST 39

Once upon a time there lived a certain man and his wife, who had on the farm three cows, two (1)
__________________ (ox), five (2) __________________ (sheep), six (3) __________________
(deer), seven (4) __________________ (mouse) and thirteen (5) __________________ (goose).
Twelve of the kids were called by names common in the country, but the thirteenth (6)
__________________ (child) got a strange name of Merrymind.

A В C
1 ox oxes oxen
2 sheep ships sheepes
3 deers deer dears
4 mouths mice mouse
5 geese goose gooses
6 child children childs

TEST 40

H.G. Wells (1) __________________ (write) in 1911 that “London is (2) __________________
(interesting), beautiful and wonderful city in the world to me”. In the 21st century London, the (3)
__________________ (world) capital, (4) __________________ (keep) its heart. Its historical
monuments are among (5) __________________ (famous) buildings in the world. Today London is
an exciting world which many visitors from abroad (6) __________________ (see) every day.

A В C
1 has written wrote had written
2 the more interesting the most interesting most interesting
3 world’s worlds’ worlds’s
4 had kept keeps is keeping
5 more famous most famous the most famous
6 see are seeing have seen

TEST 41

The Cornish Peninsula (1) __________________ out westwards far into the Atlantic. The climate
here is (2) __________________ in Britain. The population (3) __________________ a good
business in early flowers and vegetables. This (4) __________________ the place going. Besides,
there (5) __________________ a big trade in granite here. The Thames Embankment and
Westminster Bridge (6) __________________ of Cornish granite.

A В C
1 stretches stretch are stretching
2 mildest the mildest milder
3 do are doing does
4 keeps has kept is kept
5 always was has always been always is
6 are built have been built was built

TEST 42

The last point of the Cornish Peninsula (1) __________________ Land’s End. It (2)
__________________ a wild place with the waves (3) __________________ against the rocks. A
mile beyond this tip of land, the Longships Light (4) __________________. The lighthouse (5)
__________________ out like a traffic policeman (6) __________________ ships round the
dangerous corner from Bristol into the English Channel.

A В C
1 called calls is called
2 is be to be
3 are breaking breaking broken
4 clearly seen clearly see is clearly seen
5 stands out is standing out has stood out
6 guide to guide guided

TEST 43

At the beginning of the 17th century only the wigwam of the Indians (1) __________________
where the sky-scrapers of New York now (2) __________________ to the clouds. In 1626 (3)
__________________ deal in US history (4) __________________ with the Indians. The island (5)
__________________ from the simple-hearted Indians with several bottles of gin and a handful of
trinkets that cost twenty-four dollars. Later it (6) __________________ the island of Manhattan.

A В C
1 were standing had stood stood
2 reach are reaching have reached
3 most profitable the most profitable more profitable
4 concluded have concluded was concluded
5 was bought had been bought bought
6 named has been named was named

TEST 44

“It happened that it (1) __________________ the first class on the very first day at school. Ancient
history books (2) __________________ to the class and Miss Shenstone (3) __________________
us to turn to page 192. I wondered, “Why (4) __________________ to page one for the first lesson?
“ I (5) __________________ my name and I (6) __________________ honestly, “William
Saroyan”. (After W. Saroyan)

A В C
1 had been to be was
2 were distributed was distributed had been distributed
3 was asked asked was asking
4 not we turn didn’t we turn don’t we turn
5 was asked asked was being asked
6 was answered answered had been answered

TEST 45

Read the text below. For each empty space (1- 6) choose the correct answer (A, В or C).
(1) __________________ anything about jazz? Jazz is a type of music and the only art form that (2)
__________________ in the United States. Many blacks (3) __________________ from Africa to
America as slaves. Different native songs (4) __________________ by the black slaves and the
music of their homeland (5) __________________ in America.
Jazz is a mixture of many different kinds of music. It (6) __________________ of the music of
West Africa, the work songs of the slaves and religious music.

A В C
1 Did you ever hear Have you ever heard Had you ever heard
2 created have created was created
3 were brought brought have brought
4 sang were sung sung
5 played had played was played
6 made up is made up was made up

TEST 46
The first jazz bands (1) __________________ at the end of the 19th century. They (2) _________
in bars and clubs. Nowadays people from all over the world (3) __________________ to New
Orleans to hear jazz. Improvisation (4) _________ an important part of jazz. This (5) _______ that
jazz (6) ____________ or created on the spot.
A В C
1 were formed formed forming
2 had played played were played
3 have come come came
4 is are was
5 mean meaning means
6 is made up made up has made up
TEST 47
A jazz song (1) _____________ a little different each time it (2)__________. With time jazz (3)
____________ more and more popular. By 1940s you (4) _________ jazz in concert halls too.
Today jazz (5)________ _ all over the world. On every continent special festivals (6) ________
where jazz musicians from different countries meet and share their music.
A В C
1 can sound can be sound can sounded
2 played have played is played
3 became become has become
4 can hear could hear could be heard
5 is played played playing
6 are held held had held
TEST 48
UNSEEN HEARTS
Linda Birtish was an outstanding teacher who felt that if she had the time, she (1) ________ to
create great art and poetry. When she was 28, however, she began to get severe headaches. They
told her that her chances of surviving an operation were about 2 percent. Therefore, rather than
operate immediately, they chose to wait for six months.
During those six months she wrote and drew feverishly. All of her poetry, except one piece, (2)
_______ in magazines. Ali of her art, except one piece, (3) __________ and sold at some of the
leading galleries.
At the end of six months, she had the operation. The night before the operation, she decided to
literally give herself away. In case of her death, she wrote a “will,” in which she donated all of her
body parts to those who needed them more than she (4) __________.
Unfortunately, Linda’s operation was fatal. Her eyes went to an eye bank in Bethesda, Maryland,
and from there to a young man, age 28. Furthermore, he said he wanted to thank the parents of the
donor. He (5) _________ the name of the Birtish family and he decided to fly to see them on Staten
Island. He arrived (6) __________and rang the doorbell. After hearing his introduction, Mrs. Birtish
reached out and embraced him. She said, “Young man, if you’ve got nowhere to go, my husband
and I would love for you to spend your weekend with us.”
He stayed, and as he (7) ___________ around Linda’s room, he saw that she (8) ___________
Plato. He’d read Plato in Braille. The next morning Mrs. Birtish was looking at him and said, “You
know, I’m sure I (9)_______ you somewhere before, but I don’t know where.”
All of a sudden she remembered. She ran upstairs and pulled out the last picture Linda (10) ______.
It was a portrait of her ideal man. The picture was virtually identical to this young man who (11)
__________ Linda’s eyes. Then her mother read the last poem Linda (12) ________ on her
deathbed. It read: “Two hearts passing in the night falling in love never able to gain each other’s
sight.”
A В C D
1 liked would like likes like
2 published publishes had published was published
3 has been shown showed was shown shows
4 would will be to be
5 gave was given has given was to give
6 unannounced unannouncing unannounce to unannounce
7 looked had been looking was looking looking
8 has read had read read was reading
9 had seen was seen saw have seen
10 had ever drawn has ever drawn ever drew ever draws
11 received had received was received has received
12 written has written had written wrote
TEST 49
FRIENDSHIP FOREVER
Two inseparable friends, Sam and Jason, met with an accident on their way to Boston City. The
following morning, Jason woke up blind and Sam was still unconscious. Dr. Berkeley (1) _____ at
his bedside looking at his health chart and medications with a thoughtful expression on his face.
When he saw Sam awake, he asked.” How (2) ________ today, Sam?” Sam smiled back saying,
“Absolutely wonderful Doctor. I am very grateful for all that you (3) ________ for me. “Dr.
Berkeley was moved at Sam’s deed. All that he could say was, “You are a very brave man, Sam”.
While he (4) _______ on to the next patient, Sam called back at him almost pleading, “Promise me
you won’t tell Jason anything”. “You know I won’t do that. Trust me!” and walked away. “Thank
you”, whispered Sam.
Months later when Jason (5) ___________, he stopped hanging around with Sam. He felt
discouraged to spend time with a disabled person like Sam. Sam was lonely and disheartened, since
he didn’t have any body else other than Jason to count on. Things went from bad to worse. And one
day Sam died in despair. When Jason (6) _________ on his burial, he found a letter waiting for him.
Dr Berkeley gave it to him and said” This is for you Jason. Sam (7) ________ me to give it to you
when he was gone”.
In the letter he had said: “Dear Jason, I (8) ________ my promise in the end to lend you my eyes if
anything had happened to them. You will always be my best friend...Sam”. When he (9) _______
reading Dr. Berkeley said “I (10) _________ Sam to keep his sacrifice he made a secret from you.
But now I wish I (11) ________ it because I don’t think it was worthy it”.
All that (12) ______ for Jason while he stood there with tears of regret and memories of Sam for the
rest of his life. Lesson of the story: No matter what if we make a friend, we should stick by him till
the end. Life is meaningless without a friend.
A В C D
1 stood was standing standing stands
2 you feel you are feeling are you feeling you feeling
3 had done did were done have done
4 moved moving was moved was moving
5 recuperated was recuperated recuperated had recuperated
6 called was called calls calling
7 asked was asked had asked ask
8 kept was keeping have kept keeps
9 was finished had finished has finished finished
10 had promised promised was promised has promised
11 hadn’t stuck wasn’t stuck hasn’t stuck didn’t stick
12 left was left had left was leaving
TEST 50

Some jobs (1) __________________ very demanding, but some (2) __________________ to do
them. Recently Partnum & Brown (3) __________________ for a new chocolate buyer. The
company (4) __________________ advertising a salary of Ј35,000 a year.
The successful applicant (5) __________________ to travel the world to find the best
chocolatemakers. He or she (6) __________________ as much chocolate as possible, and then (7)
__________________ which (8) __________________ the best for their customers. They (9)
__________________ top quality for the world renowned Food Hall.
The company (10) __________________ expecting a lot of applications for the job. They (11)
__________________ looking for someone who (12) __________________ hard, (13)
__________________ food, (14) __________________ a keen eye for packaging and (15)
__________________ able to control a budget. They also (16) __________________ someone who
(17) __________________ enthusiastic, energetic and (18) __________________ chocolate!

A В C D
1 be is are was
2 have has have been were
3 is was were will be
4 was were have been had been
5 has have have been has been
6 taste tastes Is tasting tasted
7 decided decide deciding decides
8 is are be was
9 expect expecting expects will expect
10 is was were are
11 be being are were
12 working worked work works
13 enjoy enjoys enjoying enjoyed
14 have having has to have
15 was is were will be
16 want wants wanting wanted
17 is was were will be
18 loving love loves loved

SITUATIONAL GRAMMAR
TEST 1
Open the brackets. Use the correct tense form.
Right now I (1) __________________ (work) at home. My friend (2) __________________ (talk)
on the phone and my sister (3) __________________ (study) Spanish. She (4)
__________________ (want) to be a businesswoman, so she (5) __________________ (learn) a
new language. I usually (6) __________________ (work) at the office, but today I (7)
__________________ (work) at home. It (8) __________________ (be) great fun!
TEST 2
Spring (1) __________________ (come) soon. Mrs Green (2) __________________ (be) busy
preparing seeds for planting. She (3) __________________ (plan) to have a big flower bed in front
of her house. She (4) __________________ (plant) a lot of daffodils, tulips and hyacinth next
March. In April she (5) __________________ (plant) the young plants of other flowers. Mrs Green
(6) __________________ (be) sure that everyone (7) __________________ (enjoy) the look of her
flower bed in summer.
TEST 3
Ben: Miss White, this is Tony Wren. He (1) __________________ just __________________
(move) next door to me. He (2) __________________ (be) to be in our class.
Miss White: How do you do, Tony?
Tony: How do you do, Miss White?
Miss White: I (3) __________________ (be) glad to have you in my class. Tony, I hope you (4)_
__________________ (find) good friends here. Ben (5) __________________ (introduce) you to
other boys and girls.
TEST 4
Open the brackets. Use the correct tense from.
Ann: Mary, this is Tom. He (1) __________________ (have) a good collection of stamps.
Mary: Hello, Tom. My brother Frank (2) __________________ (collect) things too.
Tom: Hello, Mary. What (3) __________________ your
brother_______________________________ (collect)?
Mary: He (4) __________________ (have) a lot of minerals of all kinds. He (5)
__________________ (travel) in many places to collect them. Our father is a geologist and he
sometimes (6) __________________ (take) Frank with him to explore new places. Come and visit
us. You (7) __________________ (see) his collection.
Tom: Fine! Thanks ever so much. I (8) __________________ certainly __________________
(come).
TEST 5
Choose the correct variant.
— I (1) work / am working in R&B Sound this summer.
— Where?
— In that new music shop that (2) is open / is opening until nine o’clock at night.
— Oh yeah. I (3) know / am knowing the place. I’ve heard they (4) pay / are paying really well. (5)
Do you like / Are you liking it there?
— Yeah, I (6) have / am having a great time. My workmates (7) are / being really funny.
jj Do you have to wear smart clothes?
— No, just clean casual clothes like I (8) wear / am wearing now. My mum (9) always tells / is
always telling me to dress more smartly but my boss (10) doesn’t seem / isn’t seeming to mind.

TEST 6
Yesterday (1) __________________ (be) a terrible day for Susan Walker. She (2)
__________________ (be) very sad. She (3) __________________ (get up) at 8 a.m. because her
alarm clock was broken. So she (4) __________________ (not have) a big breakfast and she (5)
__________________ (be) very hungry. She (6) __________________ (not can find) her Mercedes
car so she (7) __________________ (walk) to work in the rain. Her boss (8) __________________
(be) very angry with her so she (9) __________________ (have) lunch alone in the post office. She
(10) __________________ (be) very busy yesterday so she (11) __________________ (finish)
work at 6.30 p.m. Her husband (12) __________________ (go) to the football match with his
friends so Susan (13) __________________ (have) dinner alone too! She (14)
__________________ (not want) to watch TV and she (15) _____________ (go) to bed at 10 p.m.
TEST 7

Fill in the sentences with the appropriate verb from the table in the past.
At 9 a.m., Susan put her coat on, left the house and drove downtown for her job interview. The
interview was at 11 a.m. but she wanted to do some shopping first. She entered a large department
store and she found some nice dresses on sale. She forgot her worries.
tell ask arrive stop say run
see call look believe walk

1. After an hour in the store, Susan __________________ at her watch.
2. She __________________ towards the main door to leave.
3. The store detective __________________ Susan at the entrance to the department store.
4. He __________________ her if she had anything in her bag.
5. Susan __________________ to him that she didn’t and that she was late for an interview. But the
store detective found a dress in her bag.
6. Susan __________________ the store detective that she didn’t know the dress was in her bag.
7. The manager of the store didn’t believe Susan and he______________________
__________________ the police.
8. When the police __________________, Susan was very unhappy and worried about the
interview.
9. The police officer __________________ that Susan was very nervous and realized she was
innocent.
10. He __________________ her story and. Susan was delighted.
11. She __________________ out of the store and arrived for her interview at 10:55 a.m.

TEST 8

Yesterday (1) __________________ (be) a terrible day for Charlie Parker. He (2)
__________________ (be) a very sad man. He (3) __________________ (get up) at 8 a.m. because
his alarm clock (4) __________________ (be) broken. So he (5) __________________ (not have) a
big breakfast and he was very hungry. He (6) __________________ (not can) find his Rolls Royce
car so he (7) __________________ (ride) to work on his bicycle in the rain. His boss (8)
__________________ (be) very angry with him so he (9) __________________ (have) lunch alone
in the post office. He (10) __________________ (be) very busy yesterday so he (11)
__________________ (finish) work at 6.30 p.m. His wife (12) __________________ (go) to the
cinema with his boss so Charlie (13) __________________ (have) dinner alone too! He (14)
__________________ (not want) to watch TV and he (15) ___________________ (go) to bed at 10
p.m.

TEST 9

Film maker George Richards (1) __________________ (be) interested in the cinema since he (2)
__________________ (be) a small child. He (3) __________________ (make) his first film when
he (4) __________________ (be) just twelve years old. He is now almost forty and he (5)
__________________ (make) thirty films. George loves travelling. His work (6)
__________________ (take) him all over the world. He (7) __________________ (be) to Africa,
India, Australia, China, the USA and South America. Last year, he (8) __________________ (visit)
Russia for the first time. George is married to the singer Kathy Burke. They (9)
__________________ (be) married for ten years. They live with their two children on the Greek
island of Kos. They (10) __________________ (buy) a house on the island in 1987 and they (11)
__________________ (live) there since then.

TEST 10
In the last hundred years, travelling (1) __________________ (become) much easier and very
comfortable. In the 19th century, it (2) __________________ (take) two or three months to cross
North America by covered wagon. The trip (3) __________________ (be) very rough and often
dangerous. Things (4) __________________ (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty
years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
I (5) __________________ (visit, never) North America, but I (6) __________________ (travel) to
South America several times. The last time I (7) _______________________________________
(go) to South America, I (8) __________________ (visit) Brazil and Peru. I (9)
__________________ (spend) two weeks in the Amazon, (10)_______________
__________________ (hike) for a week near Machu Picchu.

TEST 11
Astronomers at the University of California (1) __________________ (discover) a new planet
which is considered to be in the middle of the Habitable Zone of its parent star, a discovery which
(2) __________________ (raise) the possibility of finding life on another planet. Researchers (3)
__________________ (find) the planet while con ducting the Lick-Carnegie exoplanet survey of
Gliese 581, a red dwarf. The planet, named ’Gliese 581 g’, (4) __________________ (be)
approximately 20 light years away from Earth and (5) __________________ (be) hypothesized to
have a generally rocky landscape with enough gravitational pull to accumulate an atmosphere.
Steven Vogt of the University of California stated that Gliese 58 Ig potentially (6)
__________________ (have) a gravitational pull similar to that of Earth, which would allow
humans to walk around upright on its surface although human inhabitation of the planet is in no
foreseeable future. Vogt (7) __________________ (observe) that there is a significant possibility
that life (8) __________________ (exist) on Gliese 581 g.

TEST 12
One day a husband and wife (1) __________________ (drive) to the countryside to visit their
friends when they realised they needed to stop for gas. The man was filling up the car when he (2)
__________________ (see) a penguin standing by a pump. He (3) __________________ (think) it
was very strange and when he went to the cashier to pay, he asked, ’why is there a penguin standing
next to the pump?’ The cashier replied, ’I don’t know. It (4) __________________ (be) there all
morning.’ The man replied. ’Well, we can’t leave it there, it’s too dangerous. He might have an
accident. What should I do?’ The cashier suggested, ’you should take it to the zoo.’ ’That’s a good
idea,’ the man said. ’I (5) __________________ (take) him now.’ So the man and his wife put the
penguin in the car and (6) __________________ (drive) away. One week later, the man and his
wife (7) __________________ (return) to the same garage to fill up the car and the penguin was
still in the car. When the man went to pay, the cashier said to him, ’I thought you (8)
__________________ (take) the penguin to the zoo.’ The man replied, ’we did. It had a really good
time, so, tonight, we (9) __________________ (take) him to a fish restaurant.’

TEST 13
Two boys (1) ________________ (argue) when the teacher (2)_____________ (enter) the room.
The teacher said, “Why (3) __________________ you (argue)?”
One boy answered, “We (4) __________________ (find) a ten dollar bill and (5)
__________________ (decide) to give it to whoever (6) __________________ (tell) the biggest
lie.”
“You should be ashamed of yourselves,” said the teacher, “When I (7) __________________ (be)
your age I even (8) __________________ (not, know) what a lie (9) __________________ (be).”
The boys (10) __________________ (give) the ten dollars to the teacher.
TEST 14
Which came first, the country house or the country pub? Well, the people of Great Britain (1)
______________ (drink) alcohol since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Romans
that the first inns, called tabernae, (2) ______________ (appear). These (3) _______________
(follow) by Anglo-Saxon alehouses — meeting places for locals to drink and talk — and then (4)
_____________ (come) the modern public house.
The English country house, which is sometimes called a mansion, court, hall or manor, (5)
________ (be) a more recent creation. Its history (6) _____________ (date) back 500 years to the
Tudor dynasty. King Henry VIII (7) _____________ (hand) over many Catholic church properties
to his favourite courtiers, who then (8) __________ (convert) them into private country houses.
TEST 15
We (1) ______________ (wait) in a cramped hide since the crack of dawn. And having been told
that the chance of getting a glimpse of one of these beasts is vanishingly small, we almost (2)
____________ (give up) hope.
But suddenly, there it is: the most endangered cat on the planet, the Iberian lynx.
For just a second, it (3) ____________ (stop), staring at us with its kohl-rimmed, yellow eyes.
It (4) __________ (be) about a metre long, with a short, sand-coloured coat and leopard-like spots;
it (5) __________ (have) large paws and a short, bobbed tail.
Then, distracted by a mstle in the grass, its huge black-tufted ears (6) ___________ (twitch). It (7)
________ (crouch), (8) __________ (pounce), and (9) _________ (emerge) back into sight a
second later with a rabbit dangling from its mouth. And, as quickly as it (10) __________ (appear),
it is gone, blending back into the forest with its prized meal.
TEST 16

An Egyptian man in his early twenties (1) _______________ (name) his newborn daughter
’Facebook’ following the 2011 Egyptian revolution which (2) ______________ (be) almost solely
organized on the social-networking site Facebook. The father, Gamal Ibrahim, (3)
_______________ (tell) the Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram that he (4) _____________ (give) his
child the name to “express his joy at the achievements (5) ______________ (make) by the January
25 youth.”
The protests, which (6) ______________ (be) largely organized on social media sites such as
Twitter and Facebook, (7) _____________ (begin) on January 25 and led to the end of Hosni-
Mubarak’s 30-year reign as president of Egypt.
The Al-Ahram report (8) _____________ (state) that, “The girl’s family, friends, and neighbors in
the Ibrahimya region (9) _____________ (gather) around the new born to express their continuing
support for the revolution that started on Facebook. ’Facebook’ (10) ____________ (receive) many
gifts from the youth who (11) __________________ (be) overjoyed by her arrival and the new
name. A name that (12) __________________ (shock) the entire world.”

TEST 17
It (1) ______________ (be) a dark and stormy night. I (2) ____________ (be) about to go to bed
when I (3) ______________ (hear) a tapping sound on my window. “Who’s there?” I (4)
______________ (shout). Suddenly there (5) ____________ (be) a flash of lightning; I (6)
_____________ (see) a face at the window. It (7) _____________ (look) like an alien ... an alien
that I (8) _____________ (see) on the television show, “the X files.”
I (9) _____________ (feel) very scared. I (10) _____________ (mn) to my bed and (11)
_____________ (pull) my blanket over my head. I (12) ___________ (start) to shout for my parents
but there (13) __________________ (be) no reply. Then I (14) __________________ (remember)
that they (15) __________________ (be) at a fancy dress party.

TEST 18

I (1) __________________ (peep) out of my blanket but it (2) __________________ (be) too dark
to see anything. Then I (3) __________________ (hear) footsteps. They (4) __________________
(be) getting louder and louder. It (5) __________________ (be) dark but I (6)
__________________ (know) the way to my drawer where I (7) __________________ (keep) my
camera. I (8) __________________ (run) there and (9) __________________ (take) out my camera
and (10) __________________ (start) to take pictures in the direction of the window. Soon the
footsteps (11) __________________ (die) off.
The grandfather’s clock (12) __________________ (strike). It (13) __________________ (be) 12
midnight. I (14) __________________ (go) back to my bed and (15) __________________ (try) to
sleep. But I could not sleep. I (16) __________________ (feel) too frightened. I (17)
__________________________ (sit) up, my mind (18) __________________ (be) full of thoughts.
Time (19) __________________ (pass) ... one o’clock, two o’clock, three o’clock, four o’clock.
Finally, I (20) __________________ (fall) asleep.

TEST 19

I (1) __________________ (wake up) only after eight and (2) __________________ (decide) to
investigate. I (3) __________________ (find) some footprints outside my bedroom window. I (4)
__________________ (measure) them with a tape and (5) __________________ (find) them to be
exactly the same size as my father’s shoes. The footprints (6) __________________ (end) at the
door of my house. I then (7) __________________ (go) to town to get the film developed. But
when I (8) __________________ (see) the photos I (9) __________________ (be) shocked. They
(10) __________________ (be) black and I (11) __________________ (can) hardly see anything.
Then I (12) __________________ (remember) that I (13) __________________ (not, use) the
flash.
When I (14) __________________ (reach) home I (15) ____________________ (tell) my father
the whole incident and he (16) __________________ (start) to laugh. I (17) __________________
(start) laughing too when he (18) __________________ (tell) me that he (19)
__________________ (dress up) as an alien for the party. Today, I am still amused to think I (20)
__________________ (be) so afraid of my own father.

TEST 20

1. E-mail, as well as telephones, __________________ (play) an important role in our daily
communication.
2. Books of this kind __________________ (sell) well.
3. One of the new books — several pages __________________ (miss).
4. Writing stories and essays __________________ (be) what Helen most enjoys.
5. The police __________________ (have) every reason to arrest him.
6. Every girl in the club __________________ (be) invited to attend the party.
7. Professor Brown, together with his wife and two sons, __________________ (fly) to Moscow
today.
8. The number of tickets sold yesterday __________________ (be) much bigger than we had
expected.
9. Reading books __________________ (be) the only habit that he developed when he was a
student.
10. The first five questions were quite easy, but the rest __________________ (be) hard.

TEST 21
Read the dialogue below. Complete the text with the proper forms of the verb.
Storyline: After so many years, Frank is still in touch with most of his friends from high school,
while Sarah has lost contact with most of her buddies.
Frank: I (1) ______________ (just, receive) a letter from one of my old high school buddies.
Sarah: That’s nice!
Frank: Well, actually I (2) _____________ (not hear) from him for ages.
Sarah: To be frank with you, I (3) ______________ (be) out of touch with most of my old friends.
Only one or two still keep me posted about what they (4) _______________ (do).
Frank: I know. It’s really hard to maintain contact when people (5) ______________ (move) around
so much.
Sarah: That’s right. People just (6) ______________ (drift) apart! But you’re lucky to be back in
touch with your buddy again.
TEST 22
Storyline: Ryan has found a new job in New York and is about to move there. He doesn’t want his
friendship with Adriana to drift apart. He wants to keep in touch.
Adriana: I heard you (1) _______________ (move) to New York.
Ryan: Yes. I’ve got an offer in upstate New York.
Adriana: Oh, that’s great! But I (2) _____________ (be going) to miss you.
Ryan: Me, too. Let’s (3) _____________ (keep) in touch.
Adriana: Yeah. Don’t forget (4) ______________ (drop) me a line when you (5) ____________
(settle down).
Ryan: Trust me. I won’t. I (6) ______________ (keep) you posted.
Adriana: (7) _______________ (you, have) my address?
Ryan: Well, I have your e-mail address.
Adriana: All right! I look forward to (8) ______________ (hear) from you soon. Good luck!
TEST 23
Storyline: Martha doesn’t like her roommate because she always makes loud noises. Roger
suggests that Martha should have a heart-to-heart talk with her roommate, but Martha....
Roger: So, how is your new roommate?
Martha: She really (1) _____________ (turn) me off.
Roger: What happened?
Martha: She (2) ____________ (always, make) loud noises at midnight and when I remind her, she
(3) ______________ (always, make) rude remarks.
Roger: Why (4) __________________ (not you have) a heart-to-heart chat with her?
Martha: I tried, but it (5) ______________ (not work).
Roger: But how many times (6) __________________ (you, try)?
Martha: At least three times. I guess I (7) ___________ (be going) to complain to the manager. I
hope she can (8) ____________ (evict).
TEST 24
Storyline: Jon thinks that his roommate is taking advantage of him. Terri suggests that Jon have a
talk with his roommate to get things straight.
Terri: How are things going with you and your roommate?
Jon: Not very well. We’re supposed (1) ___________ (share) the groceries, but I end up (2)
___________ (feed) him three meals a day. My grocery bill is huge, you know. I really can’t afford
it any longer.
Terri: I know how you feel. I used (3) ___________ (have) a roommate like that. He never offered
(4) ___________ (reimburse) me for anything.
Jon: I’m really fed up with his (5) ____________ (freeload), but I just don’t know how to tell him
that he should (6) ____________ (come up) with half the grocery bill, because sometimes he (7)
____________ (treat) me to a meal in a restaurant.
Terri: Well, honesty is the best policy. Maybe you just want (8) ____________ (have) a heart-to-
heart, friend-to-friend talk with him. If he refuses (9) __________ (mend) his ways, then ask him
(10) ___________ (move out). You can’t let him (11) __________ (wear) out his welcome.
TEST 25
Martha is on a diet to lose weight, but her friend is trying to coax her into eating a bowl of ice-
cream. Can Martha stand the temptation?
Sydney: Would you like (1) ____________ (have) some ice-cream? I’ve got a variety of flavors for
you (2) ____________ (choose) from. I’ve got strawberry, peach, chocolate, chocolate chip,
chocolate brownie, coffee, vanilla, rocky road, butter pecan, and praline.
Martha: Wow! What choices you have! I wish I (3) _____________ (can), but I just can’t. I’m on a
diet (4) ______________ (lose) weight.
Sydney: Come on, it’s just a bite. It doesn’t really hurt (5) __________ (have) just a bite.
Martha: I’d better not. Please (6) ____________ (not tempt) me. Please!
Sydney: Gee! You are really strong-willed.
Martha: You’re darn right. I’m not so easily coaxed into (7) ____________ (do) something that I
think is wrong.
Sydney: Well, I’d better (8) ___________ (not tempt) you. Otherwise, if I give you a piece of cake,
you (9) ___________ (may) ask for a glass of milk.

TEST 26
Storyline: Alice is surprised to find that all of a sudden Bruce is fit. He has lost some weight and his
beer belly is gone....
Alice: (1) ___________ (you, work out)?
Bruce: Yeah, as a matter of fact, I (2) ____________ (go) to the gym for half a year now.
Alice: I can tell. You (3) ___________ (look) really buff. And no more beer belly. (4) __________
(you, lift) weights?
Bruce: That and I (5) ____________ (do) an hour of aerobics every other day. I tell you, it’s
addicting! Now I (6) _____________ (feel) like a new man!
Alice: Well, you (7) ____________ (look) like a million bucks!
Bruce: Thanks!

TEST 27
Storyline: Alicia is concerned that her colleague Brian is still very sick. So she suggests he should
go home and take a rest.
Alicia: You (1) _______________ (look) run down, Brian.
Brian: Yeah. I (2) _____________ (feel) under the weather recently. I (3) ___________ (catch) a
bad cold last week, and I still (4) ____________ (not get over) it.
Alicia: Well, (5) ___________ (you, not want) to take sick leave? All you (6) _____________
(need) now is a good, long rest.
Brian: I guess so. Even though I seem (7) _________ (be over) the worst of it, I (8) ____________
(not want) to give the bug to anyone in the office.
Alicia: Yup. Better not.

TEST 28
Storyline: Julie suggests to her husband, Davis, that he should not go to work because he isn’t
feeling well.
Davis: I think I (1) ______________ (run) a temperature. My head (2) _____________ (spin), my
mouth (3) ______________ (feel) like cotton, and I (4) ___________ (have) a scratchy throat.
Julie: Let me see. Hmm, you’d better (5) _____________ (stay) at home today. And (6)
______________ (not work) on the computer! Staying up late with that thing (7) ____________
(obviously, play) havoc with your health.
Davis: I can’t help it. I (8) _____________ (guess) I’m addicted to the Internet.
Julie: If you want (9) _____________ (keep) yourself in good shape, you’d better (10) __________
(quit) surfing the Net deep into the night. I (11) ____________ (not want) you kicking the bucket!

TEST 29
Storyline: Judy is so stressed out that she has hives all over.
Diane: Hey, Judy. How (1) __________________ (be, it go)?
Terri: Not too great. I (2) __________________ (be) really stressed out.
Diane: Oh?
Terri: Yeah, I think school (3) __________________ (give) me hives. See?
Diane: Oh, my gosh! Your arm is full of bumps!
Terri: And that’s not the worst of it. You should (4) __________________ (see) the bumps on my
legs.
Diane: What (5) __________________ (the doctor, say)?
Terri: He said (6) __________________ (relax) and take a break, but we both know I don’t have
any time for (7) __________________ (relax).
Diane: Yeah, but if you don’t, it’s only going (8) __________________ (get worse).
Terri: I know, I know.... Maybe I can (9) __________________ (relax) after this paper.
Diane: I sure hope so.
TEST 30
Storyline: Maria eats out together with her friend. She orders roast beef and the waitress asks her
how she wants her beef done.
Waitress: Are you ready (1) __________________ (order) now?
Maria: Yes. I (2) __________________ (have) some salad, roast beef, and mashed potatoes.
Waitress: How (3) __________________ (you, want) the beef? Rare, medium, or well-done?
Maria: Well-done. And easy on the salt, please.
Waitress: Sure. Anything (4) __________________ (drink)?
Maria: (5) __________________ (you, have) coffee or tea? I’d like decaf.
Waitress: Yes, we have both. Which one (6) __________________ (you, like), coffee or tea?
Maria: Iced tea, please. And easy on the ice.

GRAMMAR IN USE

TEST 1

Complete the text with the proper forms of the words in brackets.

LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP
Once a fox (1) __________________ (roam) around in the dark. Unfortunately, he fell into a well.
He tried his level best to come out but all in vain. So, he had no other alternative but (2)
__________________ (remain) there till the next morning.
The next day, a goat came that way. She (3) __________________ (peep) into the well and saw the
fox there. The goat asked, ’What (4) __________________ (you, do) there, Mr. Fox?’
The sly fox replied, ’I came here to drink water. It is the best I (5) __________________ (ever,
taste). Come and see for yourself. ’
Without (6) __________________ (think) even for a while, the goat jumped into the well, (7)
__________________ (quench) her thirst and looked for a way to get out. But just like the fox, she
also found herself helpless to come out.
Then the fox said, ’I have an idea. You stand on your hind legs. I (8) __________________ (climb)
on your head and get out. Then I (9) __________________ (help) you come out too.’
The goat was innocent enough (10) __________________ (understand) the shrewdness of the fox
and did as the fox said and help him get out of the well.
While (11) __________________ (walk) away, the fox said, ’Had you been intelligent enough, you
(12) __________________ (never, get in) without seeing how to get out.’
That’s why we say, ’Look before you leap’.

TEST 2


KEEPING THE DOCTOR AWAY
Once there were two sisters named Annie and Jenny. One day they (1) __________________
(cycle). Suddenly, Annie (2) __________________ (lose) her balance and fell down and started (3)
__________________ (cry). Jenny helped her in (4) __________________ (get up) and took her
home.
At home, their mother (5) __________________ (bandage) her and asked their father to take Annie
to a doctor for a tetanus injection.
On (6) __________________ (hear) the name of injection, Annie immediately went to the kitchen
and took out an apple from the refrigerator.
Just then Jenny (7) __________________ (come) into the kitchen and asked Annie whether she (8)
__________________ (be scared) of injection. At this Annie replied, ’Yes, I (9)
__________________ (be afraid) of injection. That’s why I (10) __________________ (eat) this
apple. (11) __________________ (not, our teacher, say) that an apple away (12)
__________________ (keep) the doctor away?’

TEST 3

THE RIGHT CHOICE
Once upon a time, a wise and generous king ruled Burma. One day, his prime minister (1)
__________________ (retire). Now the king (2) __________________ (have, find) his
replacement. There (3) __________________ (be) two names for the post — Leuk and Batuk.
Leuk (4) __________________ (be) lazy but Batuk (5) __________________ (be) hard-working as
well as intelligent. The king organized a boat race. But suddenly something seemed (6)
__________________ (disturb) the calm waters of the river.
Leuk said that it (7) __________________ (be) some monster and returned to the shore. Batuk (8)
__________________ (dive) into the river and (9) __________________ (take) the culprit out. It
(10) __________________ (be) just a coconut, which the king himself (11) __________________
(place) there.
Batuk (12) __________________ (choose) as the prime minister.

TEST 4

HOUSE ON FIRE
Once (1) __________________ (take) a night stroll, Michael saw fire (2) __________________
(come out) of his (3) __________________ (neighbour) house. He shouted, ’Fire! Fire!’ but (4)
__________________ there __________________ (be) nobody (5) __________________ (hear)
his shouts.
Michael (6) __________________ (call) the fire department. Meanwhile, he tried (7)
__________________ (get) into the house. Somehow he succeeded (8) __________________
(break) into the house and rescue a cat. The fire (9) __________________ (spread) into other rooms
also when luckily the fire engine arrived. The firemen soon (10) __________________ (put) out the
fire.
When the neighbours came back, they (11) __________________ (be very sad) seeing the
condition of their house but thanked Michael for (12) __________________ (save) their cat.

TEST 5

THE DOG AND THE THIEF
On a Sunday afternoon Sunny’s parents (1) __________________ (not be) at home. He (2)
__________________ (feel) bored. So, he decided (3) __________________ (go) and watch a
cricket match. He (4) __________________ (leave) his dog, Snoopy in the house.
Just after Sunny (5) __________________ (leave), a thief forced open the window. He entered the
house and started (6) __________________ (search) the rooms. He took all the valuables but when
he was about (7) __________________ (leave), he saw Snoopy (8) __________________ (stand)
in front of him, (9) __________________ (growl).
The dog was about (10) __________________ (pounce) on him when Sunny (11)
__________________ (return) home. He asked Snoopy (12) __________________ (calm down)
and handed over the thief to the police.

TEST 6

ONE GOOD TURN DESERVES ANOTHER
Once a swarm of bees (1) __________________ (put up) their hive in a tree that stood on the bank
of a river. They remained busy (2) __________________ (collect) honey all the day. One day a bee
(3) __________________ (feel) thirsty and went to the river. As it tried to drink water, the water
carried it away. So, it was about (4) __________________ (drown).
Fortunately, a dove (5) __________________ (sit) on the branch of a tree.
She saw the bee in trouble and immediately (6) __________________ (go) for its rescue. She
plucked a broad leaf from the tree, flew to the bee and (7) __________________ (drop) the leaf
near it. The bee mounted the leaf, dried its wings and flew away to safety.
After few days, the dove (8) __________________ (catch) in a big danger. She (9)
__________________ (sit) on the branch of a tree when an archer aimed at it. She thought of flying
away but a hawk (10) __________________ (hover) above her head. She could see her death
nearby.
Luckily, the bee came there. Seeing the dove in danger, it (11) __________________ (sting) him.
The arrow went off but missed its aim and hit the hawk instead and killed it. Thus, the dove (12)
__________________ (save) from death.

TEST 7

ONCE BITTEN TWICE SHY
Once a watch-dog (1) __________________ (sleep) in a farm-yard in the sun. Somehow a wolf got
into the farm and attacked the sleeping dog. (2) __________________ (Take aback), the dog
begged for mercy.
He said, ’Sir! I am very thin and weak as I am new here. Let me (3) __________________ (get) fat
after feeding on rich food that I get here. Then you can come and eat me up.’
The wolf (4) __________________ (take) by the dog’s words and went away (5)
__________________ (leave) it free. The dog thanked his stars and decided (6)
__________________ (not sleep) in an unsafe place.
After few days, the wolf (7) __________________ (re-visit) the farm and looked for the dog. This
time the dog (8) __________________ (lie) very safely on the roof of the stable. (9)
__________________ (see) the dog, the wolf said, ’Hope you remember your commitment. So,
come down and (10) __________________ (be) my meat.’
The dog said, ’Who (11) __________________ (make) agreements for death? Get lost Mr. Wolf.’
The wolf went away (12) __________________ (repent) over his folly.

TEST 8

BEGINNING SHOWS THE END
Blind people have a sense of touch that (1) __________________ (help) them see what they can’t
see with their eyes. Once there was a blind man who (2) __________________ (have) a super-sense
of touch. By and by the fame of his extra-keen sense of touch spread far and wide and one day
reached the (3) __________________ (king) court as well. The king (4) __________________ (not
believe) it. He said that he (5) __________________ (test) it personally.
So, the blind man (6) __________________ (summon) to the court for the test. He (7)
__________________ (give) a seat and on the king’s bidding, a wolf-cub (8) __________________
(place) on his lap. The blind man (9) __________________ (caress) every part of the cub’s body to
know its reality.
The king asked, “What (10) __________________ (be) this baby-animal?” Blind man replied,
“Your Honour! It may be a wolf-cub or a fox-cub. But certainly, I can say that it (11)
__________________ (be safe) to trust it in a sheep-fold.”
The king (12) __________________ (highly, be pleased) at the blind man’s reply and rewarded him
handsomely.

TEST 9

TAKE AS MUCH AS YOU CAN HOLD
Once a boy found a jar (1) __________________ (lie) by the way-side. It had a narrow-neck and
was full of peanuts. (2) __________________ (see) the peanuts the (3) __________________ (boy)
mouth started watering. So, he put his hand into the jar and (4) __________________ (hold) as
many peanuts as his hand (5) __________________ (can) grasp. But when he pull it out, he
couldn’t do so. So, he felt (6) __________________ (disappoint) and started (7)
__________________ (cry).
A man (8) __________________ (look) at the boy from a distance. He came to the boy and said,’
(9) __________________ (not be) greedy.’ (10) __________________ (be satisfy) with half the
nuts at one time. You ’ (11) __________________ (be able) to get your hand out. You can have
more with a (12) __________________ (two) trial.’
The boy acted as the man said and was happy to get the nuts. He thanked the man and went away.

TEST 10

FRIENDSHIP IS A STRONG WEAPON
It was hot summer. A lion went to a pool (1) __________________ (drink) water. Just then a pig
also came there (2) __________________ (quench) his thirst. Both of them wanted to drink first.
They (3) __________________ (look) at each other with blood-shot eyes and (4)
__________________ (attack) each other with so much anger that soon they started (5)
__________________ (bleed).
(6) __________________ (Feel) tired, both stopped for a while (7) __________________ (be
fresh). Suddenly, they heard the screams of vultures. They saw that a large number of vultures (8)
__________________ (look) at them with longing eyes.
In no time, both the beasts (9) __________________ (understand) that the vultures (10)
_______________________________________________ (wait) for one of them (11)
__________________ (kill) by the other so that they might feed on his dead body.
So both of them (12) __________________ (become) friends, quenched their thirst and went away.
Thus, their friendship saved their lives.

TEST 11
BEAUTY IS NOT ETERNAL
Once there was a gardener (1) __________________ rose plants. By chance a lily plant (2)
__________________ (have) a beautiful garden of flower plants — mostly (blossom) near a rose-
bush.
Lily (3) __________________ (believe) to yield flowers that never (4) __________________
(fade) and have an (5) __________________ (everlast) beauty. But the rose flowers (6)
__________________ (have) a short life.
The lily (7) __________________ (say) to the rose, “How beautiful (8) __________________ (be,
you)! What an aroma you possess! No wonder, you are universally a favourite flower. I really (9)
__________________ (envy) you”.
The rose replied, “You (10) __________________ (say) so, if you knew the reality. My bloom is
very short-lived. I bloom in the morning and by sunset I begin to loose shine. By the next morning 1
fade completely and then I die. But you (11) __________________ (know) to have flowers that
never fade even if they (12) __________________ (cut). Beauty is only a nine-day wonder.”

TEST 12
NATURE OBSERVES HER LAWS
The sun-god (1) __________________ (get married). The happy news spread far and wide and (2)
__________________ (reach) the earth too. Most of the creatures (3) __________________ (be
happy) with the news except the frogs. They called a meeting and decided to (4)
__________________ (stall, the marriage).
One of the young frogs asked, “But how (5) __________________ (do) that?”
Another said, “We (6) __________________ (request) god Jupiter.”
So, the frogs started (7) __________________ (croak) day and night. Their croak reached the skies
and the gods informed Jupiter of it. Immediately, he made for the earth to see the frogs. (8)
__________________ (Reach) there, he asked, “What (9) __________________ (your problem,
be)?”
The frogs replied, “The sun is terrible even when single. He (10) __________________ (dry up)
our homes with his scorching heat. What will happen if he (11) __________________ (get married)
and begets two or three more suns?”
Jupiter laughed and said, “Don’t worry; we (12) __________________ (send) the new suns away
from this part of the sky.”

TEST 13
CRUEL FUN IS NO FUN AT ALL
Once upon a time there was a big pool of water near a village. It (1) __________________
(abound) with frogs. Every evening, the children of the village used (2) __________________
(play) near the pool.
One day, while (3) __________________ (play), one of the boys saw, few frogs swimming about in
the shallow water. He (4) __________________ (feel amused) on seeing them. He called his mates
and said, “What a fun it will be (5) __________________ (pelt) stones at these frogs! They (6)
__________________ (run) about to save themselves.”
So, the boys started (7) __________________ (throw) stones at the poor frogs ruthlessly and
laughed aloud while doing so. As a result, many frogs (8) __________________ (lose) their lives.
(9) __________________ (See) them lying dead, the boys (10) __________________ (laugh) ever
louder.
At last, a frog popped its head out of water and said, “I beg you (11) __________________ (stop)
this fun. You don’t know, your cruel sport means death to us.”
Hearing the words of the frog, the boys (12) __________________ (run away).

TEST 14
A KNOWN ENEMY IS ALWAYS BETTER
Once upon a time, all goats (1) __________________ (hold) a meeting___________________
against the cruelty of butchers. They wanted (2) __________________ (take) revenge for their
killings. Each goat expressed her idea about how (3) __________________ (carry) it out. Some of
them went as far as to sharpen their horns (4) __________________ (say) that they (5)
__________________ (pierce) the bellies of the butcher.
Seeing the passion (6) __________________ (run) high, old and wise gout stood up and tried to
cool down the other goats.
The old goat said, “If we (7) __________________ (kill) the present butchers, some new butchers
will take their place. And they will kill us even (8) __________________ (mercilessly) because of
their inexperience. And if we kill them too, more raw-hands (9) __________________ (follow).
And suppose we (10) __________________ (kill) all the butchers, men will never do without our
flesh. They will them selves start (11) __________________ (kill) us. So, drop the idea of killing
these butchers. They kill us (12) __________________ (easy) way as they know us and our pain
well.”

TEST 15
NEVER CHALLENGE THE NATURE
Once an eagle came (1) __________________ (fly) and sat on the branch of a tree that stood by a
pool. At that time, a tortoise (2) __________________ (bask) on the bank of the pool. He (3)
__________________ (be very dissatisfied) with his life on the ground. He wanted to fly in the air
like birds. So, he wished the eagle and said, “Sir! I (4) __________________ (have, make) a
request.”
The eagle asked, “What it is?”
The tortoise said, “Please (5) __________________ (teach) me, how to fly. I (6)
__________________ (feed up) of my life on ground,” The eagle (7) __________________
(advise) the tortoise (8) __________________ (not, go) against the rule of nature, as she (9)
__________________ (not give) you wings to fly. But the tortoise (10) __________________ (not
listen) to him and requested so hard that the eagle (11) __________________ (have, agree) to teach
him flying.
So, the beagle picked up the tortoise in his claws and flew high in the sky. The tortoise (12)
__________________ (feel puffed up). Suddenly, the eagle let him go. Down came the tortoise to
fall head-long on a rock and dashed to pieces.

TEST 16
EVERY COIN HAS TWO FACES
Once upon a time a man and a lion (1) __________________ (journey) together. (2)
__________________ (kill) time they started (3) __________________ (talk). For some time they
talked happily but then one of them began (4) __________________ (boast) of his prowess and
claimed (5) __________________ (be superior) to the other. Soon the argument heated up and (6)
__________________ (there be) a fear of a fight.
Luckily, they (7) __________________ (come) to a cross-road where a beautiful statue (8)
__________________ (stand) that showed a man (9) __________________ (strangulate) a lion that
looked helpless and was ready to die.
The man said, ’Look there! (10) __________________ (not it prove) my point, Mr. Lion?’
The lion replied, ’It’s your view. But if we lion make statues, we (11) __________________ (show)
the man under the strong paws of a lion.’
The man (12) __________________ (have no) words to reply. So, they both cooled down and
moved ahead.

TEST 17
DISUNITY INVITES ENEMIES
Once a frog lived in a marsh and nearby lived a mouse in a hole. They (1) __________________
(be) good friends but one day they entered a dispute. Both of them claimed (2)
__________________ (be) the owner of the marsh.
The frog was (3) __________________ (strong) than the mouse but the mouse was very clever. He
(4) __________________ (hide) himself under the grass, attacked the frog and harmed him a lot.
The frog, (5) __________________ (see) this, decided to (6) __________________ (put) an end to
the dispute and challenged the mouse for a clash. Without any (7) __________________ (hesitate),
the mouse accepted the challenge.
Both armed themselves with a point of reed to use it like a spear. Either of them (8)
__________________ (be sure) of their victory.
When they were about (9) __________________ (start, fight), a hawk came there flying. (10)
__________________ (Hover) in the sky, she saw the animals ready for a duel. So, she swooped
down, (11) __________________ (catch) them both in her claws and carried them away (12)
__________________ (feed) her young.

TEST 18
UNGRATEFUL SURELY SUFFERS
Once a deer (1) __________________ (graze) in a forest. A hunter saw him from a distance and
rushed towards him. Luckily, the deer saw him well in time and ran (2) __________________
(save) his life.
The hunter gave him a hot chase but in no time, the deer (3) __________________ (gain) a large
distance. The hunter was still after him. So, the deer (4) __________________ (hide) himself under
cover of a thick vine that grew by the way-side. The hunter (5) __________________ (take) no
notice of him and passed by.
(6) __________________ (Find) the danger to be over, the deer started (7) __________________
(browse) the green leaves of the vine. It sent the leaves rustling and their sound (8)
__________________ (catch) the attention of the hunter who (9) __________________ (not go) far
away.
So, the hunter (10) __________________ (shoot) an arrow into the vine and it pierced the deer’s
heart. While dying, the deer said, ’I deserve this fate for (11) __________________ (be ungrateful).
The vine protected me from the danger but I (12) __________________ (start, eat) its leaves. How
deceptive of me.’

TEST 19
UNION IS A GREAT STRENGTH
Once there was a farmer who had four sons. They (1) __________________ (always, quarrel) with
each other. The farmer (2) __________________ (try) hard to bring them to the right path but they
(3) __________________ (never pay attention) to his advice. He (4) __________________ (be
very worried) about their future.
One day, he (5) __________________ (come across) a plan. He called his sons and asked them (6)
__________________ (bring) a few sticks. When they (7) __________________ (bring) the sticks,
the farmer tied them in a bundle and asked them (8) __________________ (try) their strength to
break it.
Each of the sons tried to break the bundle but (9) __________________ (fail). Then the farmer
untied the bundle and (10) __________________ (give) one stick each to break. Each of them was
able to do it easily.
The farmer said, ’Now you understand. If you are united nobody can get better of you. But if you
(11) __________________ (keep, quarrel), you (12) __________________ (break) one by one.’

TEST 20
APPEARANCES ARE OFTEN DECEIVING

It was a very cold day in the winter season. A crow (1) __________________ (fly) here and there
searching for food. Suddenly, he saw a snake lying (2) __________________ (curl up) in a sunny
spot. It (3) __________________ (sunbathe) because of extreme cold. It lay quite motionless
indeed. So, the crow thought it (4) __________________ (be dead).
The crow (5) __________________ (swoop down) and carried it away in his claws. He decided to
fly to a sedate place where he (6) __________________ (can eat) it up without any disturbance.
Though, the snake was hanging in the sky, it (7) __________________ (try) to raise its head and
bite the crow. Lo! With one big attempt, it raised its head and (8) __________________ (bite) the
crow with its fangs.
As the snake was very poisonous, its bite (9) ________________________________________
(prove) fatal and the crow died im mediately.
While (10) __________________ (die) the crow said, “How deceptive indeed! I thought I (11)
__________________ (find) a lucky meal without (12) __________________ (know) that it was
my death warrant.”

TEST 21

Complete the text with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
WATER, WATER, EVERYWHERE... BUT WHERE?

One can live without food for almost a month but survive no (1) __________________ (long) than
a week without water. Yet, although almost half of the (2) __________________ (world)
population lives in water-scarce countries, there actually is enough of this precious liquid for
everyone.
The UN (3) __________________ (recommend) that a person needs minimum of 50 litres of water
a day for drinking, washing, cooking and sanitation, which over a billion people (4)
__________________ (not, have) access to. According to UNESCO, the world’s population (5)
__________________ (appropriate) 54% of all the accessible freshwater contained in rivers, lakes
and underground aquifers now. If per capita consumption of water resources (6)
__________________ (continue) to rise at its current rate, humankind will be using over 90% of all
available freshwater within 25 years, leaving just 10% for all other living beings.
Freshwater lakes and swamps (7) __________________ (account) for a mere 0.29% of the Earth’s
freshwater. 20% of all freshwater is in one lake, Lake Baikal in Asia. Another 20% (8)
__________________ (store) in the Great Lakes, Huron, Michigan, and Superior. Rivers (9)
__________________ (hold) only about 0.006% of total freshwater reserves. Mankind essentially
uses only a drop in the bucket of the total available water supply.
So where is all the water? Antarctica, which (10) __________________ (think) to hold about 75%
of the world’s fresh water (and 90% of the world’s ice). In fact, almost 10 percent of the world’s
land mass (11) __________________ currently (cover) with glaciers, mostly in Antarctica and
Greenland. But it (12) __________________ (take) more than a Zippo to melt it for daily use.

TEST 22
EASTER BUNNY ORIGINATES FROM ANCIENT ANGLO-SAXON CARNIVAL
The ancient Anglo-Saxons (1) __________________ (celebrate) the return of spring with a carnival
(2) __________________ (commemorate) their goddess of offspring and of springtime, Eostre. The
word carnival possibly (3) __________________ (originate) from the Latin “carne vale” meaning
“flesh, farewell” or “meat, farewell.” The offerings were rabbits and coloured eggs, bidding an end
to winter.
As it happened, the pagan festival of Eostre occurred at the same time of year as the Christian
observance of the Resurrection of Christ and it (4) __________________ (not, take) the Christian
missionaries long to convert the Anglo-Saxons when they (5) __________________ (encounter)
them in the 2nd century. The offering of rabbits and eggs eventually (in the 8th century, it is
thought) became the Easter bunny and Easter eggs.
Prior to 325 AD, Easter (6) __________________ (celebrate) on different days of the week, includ-
ing Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. In that year, the Council of Nicaea (7) __________________
(convene) by emperor Constantine. It issued the Easter Rule which states that Easter shall be
celebrated on the first Sunday that occurs after the first full moon on or after the vernal equinox.
The “full moon” in the rule (8) __________________ (be) the ecclesiastical full moon, which (9)
__________________ (define) as the 14th day of a tabular lunation, where day I (10)
__________________ (correspond) to the ecclesiastical New Moon. It does not always occur on the
same date as the astronomical full moon. The ecclesiastical “vernal equinox” is always on 21st
March. Therefore, Easter must (11) __________________ (celebrate) on the first Sunday after 21st
March.
Christians commemorate the Friday before Easter as Good Friday, the day that Jesus
(12)_____________________________________________________ (crucify). Easter Sunday is
celebrated as the day Jesus rose again.

TEST 23

19 MAJOR EARTHQUAKES EVERY YEAR
An earthquake (1) __________________ (cause) by a sudden slip on a fault. A fault is a fracture in
the crust of the earth along which rocks on one side (2) __________________ (move) relative to
those on the other side. Stresses in the (3) __________________ (earth) outer layer push the sides
of the fault together, pressure (4) __________________ (build) up and the rocks slip suddenly, (5)
__________________ (release) energy in waves that travel through the rock to cause the shaking
that we feel during an earthquake.
Earthquakes tend to (6) __________________ (concentrate) in narrow zones. There are 7 major
crustal plates on earth, about 80 km (50 miles) thick, all in constant motion relative to one another.
They move at between 10 and 130 mm (from (7) __________________ (little) than one half to 5
inches) per year.
It is estimated that there are several (8) __________________ (million) earthquakes in the world
each year. Many of (9) __________________ (this) earthquakes go undetected because they occur
in remote areas or have very small magnitudes. On average, about 60 earthquakes per year (10)
__________________ (clas sify) as significant, with 19 classified as major. A significant
earthquake is one of magnitude 6.5 or higher or one of lesser magnitude that causes casualties or
considerable damage. Major earthquakes have a magnitude (11) __________________ (large) than
7.0. The largest earthquake ever (12) __________________ (record) occurred in Chile in 1960: it
had a magnitude of 9.5.

TEST 24

WORLD’S HIGHEST AND LONGEST BRIDGES
The (1) _________________ (high) bridge in the world can (2) _________________ (find) in the
Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. The valley (3)
_________________ (lie) at an altitude of about 5 602 m (18,379 ft) above sea level on the India
side of Kashmir. (4) _________________ (Call) the Baily Bridge, it is only 30 metres (98 ft) long,
and (5) _________________ (build) by the Indian Army in August 1982.
The highest bridge (6) _________________ (measure) by its piers is the Millau Viaduct (Viaduc de
Millau) over the River Tam in the Massif Central mountains in France. It is (7)
_________________ (many) than 300m (984ft) high and 2,5 km (1,5 miles) long.
The (8) _________________ (expensive) bridge is the Seto-Ohashi-Kojima bridge in Japan. At
13,22 km (8,21 miles) long, it (9) _________________ (build) in 1988 at a cost of $8.3 billion.
The (10) _________________ (world) largest natural bridge is the Rainbow Bridge. (11)
_________________ (Tuck) away among the rugged, isolated canyons at the base of Navajo
Mountain, Utah, USA. It is a natural wonder. From (12) _________________ (it) base to the top of
the arch, it (13) _________________ (reach) 88,4 m (290 ft) — nearly the height of the Statue of
Liberty — and spans 83,8 m (275 ft) across the river. The top of the arch is 12,8 m (42 ft) thick and
10 m (33 ft) wide.

TEST 25

PETER THE GREAT TAXED PEOPLE FOR GROWING BEARDS
Modern Russia (1) _________________ (start) with the rule of Peter the Great. He realised that
Russia should be (2) _________________ (westernize) to ensure its independence. Already (3)
_________________ (fascinate) by mechanical inventions, he studied government and business
models of the West.
But Peter also believed in (4) _________________ (start) from the bottom and working his way up.
He learned ship building from the Europeans he (5) _________________ (invite) to Russia, and (6)
_________________ (build) a ship himself, which he captained as Peter Alekseevich. In 1697, he
accompanied an embassy to European courts as a carpenter (7) _________________ (name) Peter
Mikhailov. He also served as seaman, soldier, barber and, to the discomfort of his courtiers, as
dentist.
Peter (8) _________________ (send) Russians to be educated in the West, and imported skilled
labour, military and administrative experts from abroad. He encouraged smoking, but taxed
tobacco. Because European (9) _________________ (man) usually were clean shaven, he taxed
Russians wearing beards. He modernized the calendar, simplified numerals, and encouraged private
industry and mining. Remarkably, Peter managed to modernize Russia without (10)
_________________ (borrow) money for his state. Instead, he taxed his citizens (11)
_________________ (heavy).
To ensure continual contact with the West, Peter captured the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea from
the Swedes and built a new capital, St. Petersburg, on (12) _________________ (it) shores.

TEST 26

TRAVELING AND TRAFFIC JAMS
The amount of time that people spend on travel (1) _________________ (be) consistent at 1,1 hours
per person per day in all societies. The average distance (2) _________________ (travel) is 12 000
km (7,400 miles) per year. In total, the world population (3) _________________ (travel) more
than 23 trillion km (16.6 trillion miles) per year, 53% of which is by car, 26% by bus, 9% by rail,
9% by high-speed transport such as airplanes, and 3% by bicycle, boat and other means.
It is estimated that, due to developments in high-speed public transport, travel time (4)
_________________ (drop) to only 12 minutes per person per day by 2050. Of the world traffic
volume, 35% will be by car, 20% by bus, 41% by high-speed transport, and 4% by rail.
Which (5) _________________ (be) good news. Currently, traffic congestion leads to huge
negative economic and environmental impact across the world. Road congestion in the UK (6)
_________________ (cost) the UK economy 15 billion a year. It costs the US $100 billion a year.
In Seattle, Washington for instance, a driver spends an average of 59 hours stuck in traffic each
year. In the greater Seattle area there are (7) _________________ (many) cars than people; each
household makes an average of 10 motorcar trips a day. According to Sierra Club, “American cars
and trucks account for 20 percent of the world’s petroleum consumption.”
The incentive of the automobile is convenience, but the ultimate price is air pollution and higher
taxes. Various studies (8) _________________ (show) that higher population density result in
higher cost per person. The health and environmental impact of modern transport is tremendous.
Carbon-based petrochemical particles (9) _________________ (draw) deep into our lungs, causing
stress to our cardiopulmonary system, and starving the body of oxygen.
Cars are the (10) _________________ (large) single source of air pollution and ozone depletion. On
a global basis, today’s transport sources are estimated to be responsible for 40 to 60% of the ozone
precursor emissions of NOx and hydrocarbons; 70 to 80% of CO emissions; 85% of benzene
pollution; 4% of SOx and about one third of all CO, emissions, in the process wiping out forests,
lakes, waterways and crops, affecting animals and humans alike.
The world’s (11) _________________ (bad) traffic jam occurs during the summer on the road from
Paris to Toulouse, France. The 2000 record of 604km was (12) _________________ (good) beaten
in 2001 when holiday makers jammed up for 661km.

TEST 27

BIRD BARKS INSTEAD OF SINGS!
The Antpitta avis canis Ridgley is a bird that looks like a stuffed duck on stilts and (1)
_________________ (bark) like a dog. The bird (2) _________________ (discover) by
ornithologist Robert S. Ridgley in the Andes in Ecuador in June 1998. Thirty of these long-legged,
black-and-white barking birds (3) _________________ (find). It apparently had gone undetected
because it lives in remote parts and, of course, (4) _________________ (not, sing). It is one of the
(5) _________________ (large) birds discovered in the 20th century.
There also (6) _________________ (be) dogs that do not bark! The basenji, small dog with a silky
copper coat, (7) _________________ (not, bark). Instead, it (8) _________________ (yodel) when
it gets excited. Wild dogs like the African Wild Dog also do not bark.

TEST 28
ZIPPO
A Zippo lighter is a refillable, metal lighter manufactured by Zippo Manufacturing Company of
Bradford, Pennsylvania. Thousands of different styles and designs (1) _______ (make) in the seven
decades since their introduction.
George G. Blaisdell (2) ____________ (found) Zippo Manufacturing Company in 1932, and
produced the first Zippo lighter in early 1933, being inspired by an Austrian cigarette lighter of
similar design. It got its name because Blaisdell liked the sound of the word “zipper” and “zippo”
sounded (3) __________ (modern). On March 3, 1936, patent (4) _________ (grant) for the Zippo
lighter.
Zippo lighters became popular in the United states military, especially during World war II —
when, as the (5) ____________ (company) website says, Zippo “ceased production of lighters for
consumer markets and dedicated all manufacturing to the U.S. military.” The Zippo at that time (6)
__________ (make) of brass, but as this commodity was unobtainable due to the war, Zippo used
steel during the war years. While the Zippo Manufacturing Company never had an official contract
with the military, soldiers and armed forces personnel insisted that Base exchange (PX) stores carry
this sought-after lighter.
After World War II, the Zippo lighter became (7) ___________ (increasing) used in advertising by
companies large and small through the 1960s. Many of the early advertising Zippo lighters are
works of art (8) __________ (paint) by hand, and as technology has evolved, so has the design and
finish of the Zippo lighter. The basic mechanism of the Zippo lighter (9) _____________ (remain)
unchanged.
In 2002 Zippo expanded its product line to include a variety of utility-style multi-purpose lighters,
known as the Zippo MPL. This was followed in 2005 with the Outdoor Utility Lighter, known as
the OUL. These lighters (10) _____________ (fuel) with butane. In August 2007 Zippo released a
new butane lighter called the Zippo BLU. A museum called Zippo/Case visitors center (11)
___________ (locate) in Bradford, PA at 1932 Zippo Drive. This 15,000 square foot (1398 ml)
building contains rare and custom made Zippo lighters, and also sells the entire Zippo line. The
museum was featured on the NPR program Weekend Edition Sunday on January 25, 2009. The
museum also contains an enormous collection of Case knives. Since the Zippo company’s 60th
anniversary in 1992, annual editions (12) ___________ (produce) for worldwide Zippo collectors.
Since 1933, over 400,000,000 Zippo lighters have been produced.

TEST 29
ABSOLUTELY NOTHING HAPPENED BETWEEN 3 AND 13 SEPTEMBER 1752
In September 1752 the Julian calendar (1) ___________ (replace) with the Gregorian calendar in
Great Britain and its American colonies. The Julian calendar was 11 days behind the Gregorian
calendar, so 14 September got to follow 2 September on the day of the change. The result was that
between 3 and 13 September, absolutely nothing happened!
The calendar switch also influenced the way (2) ___________ (George Washington) birthday is
celebrated. He was born on 11 February 1731, but the anniversary of his birth is on 22 February
because of the 11 days eliminated from the calendar switch. At the same time, New Year’s Day (3)
___________ (change) from 25 March to 1 January, thus according to the new calendar,
Washington was born in 1732.
The first Roman Calendar (introduced in 535BC) had 10 months, with 304 days in a year that began
in March. January and February (4) ___________ (add) only later. In 46BC, Julius Caesar created
“The Year of Confusion” by (5) ____________ (add) 80 days to the year making it 445 days long to
bring the calendar back in step with the seasons. The solar year — with the value of 365 days and 6
hours — was made the basis of the calendar. To take care of the 6 hours, every 4th year (6)
____________ (make) a 366-day year. It was then that Caesar decreed that the year begins with the
1st of January.
In 325AD Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, (7) _________________
(introduce) Sunday as a holy day in a new 7-day week. He also introduced movable (Easter) and
immovable feasts (Christmas).
In 1545 the Council of Trent authorised Pope Paul III to reform the calendar once more. (8)
_________________ (Advise) by astronomer Father Christopher Clavius and physician Aloysius
Lilius, Pope Gregory XIII ordered that Thursday, 4 October 1582 was to be the last day of the
Julian calendar. The next day was Friday, 15 October. For long-term accuracy, every 4th year was
made a leap year unless it is a century year like 1700 or 1800. Century years can be leap years only
when they (9) _________________ (be) divisible by 400 (e.g. 1600). This rule eliminates three leap
years in four centuries, (10) _________________ (make) the calendar sufficiently correct for all
ordinary purposes.
Protestant rulers ignored the new calendar that the Pope ordered. It was not until 1698 that Germany
and the Netherlands changed to the Gregorian calendar. As mentioned, Britain made the change
only in 1752. Russia adopted the new calendar in 1918, China in 1949.
In spite of the leap year, the Gregorian year is about 26 seconds longer than the (11)
_________________ (earth) orbital period. Thus the beginning of the third millennium should have
been celebrated at 9:01pm on 31 December 1999. But considering that the Gregorian calendar starts
with Year 1, and not Year 0, adding 2000 years (12) _________________ (mean) that the third
millennium started at 21h 00:34s on 31 December 2000. However, because Dionysis Exeguus - the
6th Century monk whose task it was to pivot the calendar around the birth of Jesus Christ -
miscalculated the founding of Rome by about 4 years (and left out the year 0), the true third
millennium actually started on 31 December 1995.

TEST 30

ODD LAWS
During the 6th Century, it was customary to congratulate people who sneezed because it was
thought that they (1) _________________ (expel) evil from their bodies. During the great plague of
Europe, the Pope (2) _________________ (pass) a law to say “God bless you” to one who sneezed.
There (3) _________________ (be) still some weird laws on the books. In Washington state, it is
against the law to boast that one’s parents are rich. In Maryland, it’s illegal to play (4)
_________________ (Randy Newman) “Short People” on the radio. In Alabama it is illegal to play
Dominoes on Sunday. And in Minneapolis, double-parkers can (5) _________________ (put) on a
chain gang.
In 1313, King Edward II enacted that “You are forbidden from dying in parliament.”
An old statute in Kentucky states that men who push their (6) _________________ (wife) out of
bed for inflicting their cold toes on them can be fined or jailed for a week. A 100-year-old law in
Willowdale, Oregon makes it illegal to swear during sex. An odd law in Minnesota (7)
_________________ (make) it illegal to hang male and female underwear on the same washing
line. In Melbourne, Australia it is illegal for men to parade in strapless dresses — but they (8)
_________________ (allow) to cross-dress in anything with sleeves.
In Vermont, women require their (9) _________________ (husband) permission to wear false teeth.
In Virginia, horses of (10) _________________ (many) than one year old are prohibited in a place
of worship. In Tennessee, shooting any game other than whales from a (11) _________________
(move) automobile is against the law. In Normal, Oklahoma you could (12) _________________
(send) to prison for “making an ugly face at a dog.”

TEST 31

MERCEDES CARS ARE NAMED AFTER AN AUSTRIAN GIRL
In 1897, Austrian businessman Emil Jellinek, (1) _________________ (travel) from his home in
Nice, France to purchase a car from the Daimler factory in Cannstatt, Germany. On his return to the
French Riviera, his sporting Daimler Phoenix caused such a sensation that he (2)
_________________ (decide) to enter it into a local touring competition, under the name of
“Mercedes” after his favourite 9 year old daughter. Realising the business potential for the new car,
he not only placed an order for 36 more, but also secured the franchise for (3) _________________
(sell) them in several countries. Gottlieb Daimler also agreed to (4) _________________ (have)
them sold under the name of “Mercedes.”
The Mercedes trade name (5) _________________ (register) after (6) _________________
(Daimler) death in 1900 and the З-pointed star became the trade mark. Daimler had once drawn the
emblem on a postcard to his wife, the star (7) _________________ (symbolize) the growth of the
business into transport on land, sea and air.
For Karl Benz, a name for his automobile was simple: he (8) _________________ (enclose) his
name in a cogwheel to exemplify the solidness of his engineering works at Mannheim. The
cogwheel later became a laurel wreath.
After the First World War the Daimler and Benz (9) _________________ (company) worked closer
together, generally advertising on the same posters. They (10) _________________ (amalgamate)
in 1926, combining the laurel wreath andЗ-pointed star as their trade mark.
Interestingly, although Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz (11) _________________ (be) two of the
major pioneers in the automotive industry, they probably never met, even though they lived only
100 km (60 miles) from each other in Germany. Daimler (12) _________________ (pass away) in
1900. Daimler-Benz amalgamated in 1926.

TEST 32

SANDWICH
A sandwich is a food item (1) _________________ (make) of one or more slices of bread with one
or more fillings. The bread can (2) _________________ (use) as it is, or it can be coated with
butter, oil, mustard or other condiments to enhance flavor and texture.
The first (3) _________________ (record) sandwich was by the famous rabbi, Hillel the Elder, who
lived during the 1st century B.C. He (4) _________________ (start) the Passover custom of
sandwiching a mixture of chopped nuts, apples, spices, and wine between two matzohs to eat with
bitter herbs.
During the Middle ages, thick slabs of coarse and usually stale bread, called “trenchers”, (5)
_________________ (use) as plates. After a meal, the food-soaked trencher (6)
_________________ (feed) to a dog or to beggars, or eaten by the diner.
The first (7) _________________ (write) record of the word “sandwich” appeared in Edward
Gibbons (1737—1794), English author, scholar, and historian, journal on November 24, 1762.
If it was initially perceived as food men shared while gaming and drinking at night, the sandwich
slowly began (8) _________________ (appear) in polite society as a late-night meal among the
aristocracy. The (9) _________________ (sandwich) popularity in Spain and England increased
(10) _________________ (dramatic) during the 19th century.
The sandwich (11) _________________ (introduce) to America by Englishwoman Elizabeth Leslie
(1787-1858). In her cookbook, Directions for Cookery, she has a recipe for ham sandwiches that
she suggested as a main dish.
The sandwich became very popular in the American diet when bakeries started (12)
_________________ (sell) pre-sliced bread, thus making sandwiches very easy to create.
Sandwiches became an easy, portable meal for workers and school children alike.

TEST 33

EARL GREY TEA
Earl Grey tea is a tea blend with a distinctive flavour and aroma (1) _________________ (derive)
from the addition of oil (2) _________________ (extract) from the rind of the bergamot orange, a
fragrant citrus fruit.
Traditionally the term “Earl Grey” (3) _________________ (apply) only to black tea; however,
today the term (4) _________________ also (apply) to oolong or green teas, including white tea,
and tisanes, such as rooibos, that contain oil of bergamot, or a bergamot flavour. Because of (5)
_________________ (Earl Grey) aroma and Twinings’ distinctive packaging in England with
Charles Grey, 2ng Earl Grey, the tea (6) _________________ sometimes (call) “Old Stinky”.
The Earl Grey blend is named after the 2nd Earl Grey, British Prime Minister in the 1830s and
author of the Reform Bill of 1832, who reputedly received a gift, probably a diplomatic perquisite,
of tea flavoured with bergamot oil, (7) _________________ (take) from bergamot, a citrus fruit
typical of Southeast Asia and grown commercially in Italy.
According to one legend, a grateful Chinese mandarin whose son (8) _________________ (rescue)
from drowning by one of Lord Grey’s (9) _________________ (man) first presented the blend to
the Earl in 1803. The tale is likely (10) _________________ (be) a marketing ploy, and has no
documentary basis in fact, as Lord Grey never set foot in China.
Jacksons of Piccadilly claim that it (11) _________________ (be) they who originated Earl Grey’s
Tea, Lord Grey having given the recipe to Robert Jackson & Co. partner George Charlton in 1830;
according to Jacksons the original recipe has been in constant production and has never left their
hands. Theirs (12) _________________ (base) on China tea since the beginning.

TEST 34

MODERN TOILET INVENTED BY WATCHMAKER
It is often incorrectly quoted that the toilet (1) _________________ (invent) by a Mr Thomas
Crapper in the 18th century. Actually, simple toilets (2) _________________ (use) since
Babylonian times. In 1596, John Harrington (3) _________________ (invent) an indoor water
closet for Queen Elizabeth I. But Harrington then published a book with tasteless puns about his
own invention. The toilet then (4) _________________ (drop) into obscurity for nearly 200 years.
In 1775, London watchmaker Alexander Cummings patented the forerunner of (5)
_________________ (today) toilet.
There was a Mr Crapper around at the time - he happened to be a successful plumber, appropriately.
The British word for toilet, “loo”, (6) _________________ (derive) from the French “garde a
l’eau!” In medieval Europe people (7) _________________ (have) little conception of hygiene and
threw the contents of their chamber pots out the window into the street below. In France the practice
(8) _________________ (precede) by “garde a l’eau!” (“watch out for the water!”). In England, this
phrase (9 ) _________________ (anglicize), first to “gardy-loo!”, then just “loo”, and eventually
came to mean the toilet/lavatory (10) _________________ (it). The American word for toilet,
“john”, is called after the John Harington mentioned above.
In 1913, the Russian airline (11) _________________ (become) the first to feature a toilet on board.
The movie Psycho is said to be the first film to show a toilet (12) _________________ (flush).
Toilet paper is thought to have been introduced in China at around 850, long before the advent of
the toilet as we know it.

TEST 35

CELEBRITIES
You can be famous but not be a celebrity. If you (1) _________________ (be) a celebrity, most
likely you (2) _________________ (be) famous too. In fact, an infamous person can also be a
celebrity. Welcome to the English language... and the world of celebrities.
The word celebrity (3) _________________ (it) comes from the Latin word celebritatem (nom.
celebritas) (4) _________________ (mean) “multitude, fame,” from celeber meaning “frequented,
populous,” stemming from celebro meaning, “to go to a place often.” In short, a person (5)
_________________ (become) a celebrity when he/she (6) _________________ (gain) the
attention of the wider public (and media).
And for the public - or media - to gain access to celebrities, they’ll have to contact a celebrity
wrangler, the person who (7) _________________ (negotiate) with a (8) _________________
(celebrity) agent, manager, or publicist to ensure the (9) _________________ (celebrity) attendance
at an event.
Which is something a celebriphilian will be interested in; that is a person with an (10)
_________________ (abnormal) intense desire to have a romantic relationship with a celebrity. But
usually the (11) _________________ (close) they’ll get to it is watching a celebreality, a TV show
(12) _________________ (feature) celebrities allowing cameras into their homes or lives, such as
was with The Osbournes and Celebrity Boot Camp.
A celebutante is a celebrity who is well known in fashionable society... and most likely would not
write a celeblog.

GRAMMAR TESTS

TEST 1

Read the text below. For each of the empty space (1-12) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D).
PRINCE HYACINTH AND THE DEAR LITTLE PRINCESS
Part 1
Once upon a time there lived a king who was deeply in love with a princess, but she could not
marry (1) _________________, because she was under an enchantment. So the King (2)
_________________ to seek a fairy, and asked what he could do (3) _________________ the
Princess’s love. The Fairy said to him:
“You know that the Princess (4) _________________ a great cat which she is very fond of.
Whoever is clever (5) _________________ to tread on that cat’s tail is the man she (6)
_________________ to marry.”
The King said to himself that this (7) _________________ not be very difficult, and he left the
Fairy, determined to grind the cat’s tail to powder rather than not tread on it at all.
You may imagine that it was not long (8) _________________ he went to see the Princess, and
puss, as usual, marched in before him, arching his back. The King took a long step, and quite
thought he had the tail under his foot, but the cat (9) _________________ so sharply that he only
trod on air. And so it went on for eight (10) _________________, till the King began to think that
this fatal tail must be full of quicksilver – it was never still for a moment.
At last, however, he was lucky enough to come upon puss fast (11) _________________ and with
his tail conveniently (12) _________________. So the King, without losing a moment, set his foot
upon it heavily.

A В C D
1 any no one somebody anyone
2 set from set out set in set into
3 win winning wins to win
4 has had has had have
5 too enough also else
6 destiny destined destining is destined
7 would will is are
8 till until late before
9 turned away turned up turned round turned in
10 days day days’ day’s
11 sleep sleeping asleep sleepy
12 spreading out spread out spreads out has spread out

TEST 2

Part 2
With one terrific yell the cat (1) _________________ and instantly changed into a tall man, who,
fixing his angry eyes upon the King, said:
“You shall marry the Princess because you have been able to break the enchantment, but I will have
my revenge. You shall have a son, who will never be happy until he (2) _________________ out
that his nose is (3) _________________ long, and if you ever tell anyone what I have just said to
you, you shall vanish away instantly, and no one shall ever see you or hear of you again.”
Though the King was (4) _________________ afraid of the enchanter, he could not help (5)
_________________ at this threat.
“If my son (6) _________________ such a long nose as that,” he said to himself, “he must always
see it or feel it; at least, if he is not blind or without hands.”
But, as the enchanter (7) _________________, he did not waste any more time in thinking, but
went to seek the Princess, who very soon consented to marry him. But after all, they had not been
married very long when the King died, and the Queen had (8) _________________ left to care for
but her little son, who (9) _________________ Hyacinth. The little Prince had large blue eyes, the
prettiest eyes in the world, and a sweet little mouth, but, alas! his nose was so enormous that it (10)
_________________ half his face. The Queen was inconsolable when she saw this great nose, but
her ladies assured her that it was not really as large (11) _________________ it looked; that it was a
Roman nose, and you had only to open any story to see that every hero has a large nose. The Queen,
who was devoted to her baby, was (12) _________________ what they told her, and when she
looked at Hyacinth again, his nose certainly did not seem to her QUITE so large.

A В C D
1 sprang in spring up sprang up springs in
2 found finds finding has found
3 enough also too as
4 horrible horror horrifying horribly
5 laughing laugh laughed to laugh
6 has had has had had had
7 is vanished has vanished had vanished vanished
8 nothing everything anything something
9 called was called calling is called
10 cover was covered covered covering
11 so is also as
12 pleased with pleased for pleased about pleased to

TEST 3

Part 3
The Prince was (1) _________________ with great care; and, as soon as he could speak,_______
they told him all sorts of dreadful stories about people who had short noses. No one was allowed to
come near him (2) _________________ nose did not more or less resemble his own, and the
courtiers, to get into favor with the Queen, took to (3) _________________ their babies’ noses
several times every day to make them grow long. But, do what they would, they were nothing by
comparison with the (4) _________________.
When he (5) _________________ sensible he learned history; and whenever any great prince or
beautiful princess was spoken of, his teachers took care to tell him that they had long noses.
His room was (6) _________________ with pictures, all of people with very large noses; and the
Prince grew up so convinced that a long nose was a great beauty, that he would not on any account
have had his own a single inch shorter!
When his twentieth birthday passed the Queen thought it was time that he should be married, so she
(7) _________________ that the portraits of several princesses should be brought for him to see,
and among the others was a picture of the Dear Little Princess!
Now, she was the daughter of a great king, and would some day possess several kingdoms herself;
but Prince Hyacinth had not a thought to spare for (8) _________________ of that sort, he was so
much struck with her beauty. The Princess, whom he thought quite charming, had, (9)
_________________, a little saucy nose, which, in her face, was the prettiest thing possible, but it
was a cause of great embarrassment to the courtiers, who had got into such a habit of laughing (10)
_________________ little noses that they sometimes found themselves laughing at hers before they
had time to think; but this did not do at all before the Prince, who quite failed to see the joke, and
actually banished two of his courtiers who had dared to mention disrespectfully the Dear Little
Princess’s tiny nose!
The others, (11) _________________ warning from this, learned to think twice before they spoke,
and one even went so far as to tell the Prince that, though it was quite true that no man could be
worth anything unless he had a long nose, still, a woman’s beauty was a different thing; and he
knew a learned man who understood Greek and (12) _________________ in some old manuscripts
that the beautiful Cleopatra herself had a “tip-tilted” nose!

A В C D
1 brought in brought up brought out brought down
2 who who’s whose which
3 pulling pull pulls pulled
4 Prince Princes’s Prince’ Prince’s
5 grows grew grown grow
6 hang hanging hung hangs
7 command commanded commands commanding
8 nothing something everything anything
9 however moreover but although
10 in at of about
11 take to take taking taken
12 has read had read read reading

TEST 4

Part 4
The Prince (1) _________________ him a splendid present as a reward for (2)
________________________________________ good news, and at once sent ambassadors to ask
the Dear Little Princess in marriage. The King, her father, gave his consent; and Prince Hyacinth,
who, in his anxiety (3) _________________ the Princess, had gone three leagues to meet her was
just advancing to kiss her hand when, to the horror of all who stood by, the enchanter appeared as
suddenly as a flash of lightning, and, snatching up the Dear Little Princess, whirled her away (4)
_________________ their sight!
The Prince (5) _________________ quite inconsolable, and declared that nothing should induce
him to go back to his kingdom until he (6) _________________ her again, and refusing to allow
any of his courtiers to follow him, he mounted his horse and (7) _________________ sadly, letting
the animal (8) _________________ his own path.
So it happened that-he came presently to a great plain, (9) _________________ which he rode all
day long without (10) _________________ a single house, and the horse and the rider were (11)
_________________ hungry, when, as the night fell, the Prince (12) _________________ sight of a
light, which seemed to shine from a cavern.

A В C D
1 make making was made made
2 these this that those
3 to see see seeing saw
4 from in out of off
5 were left was left leave leaving
6 found finds had found has found
7 ride away rides away ridden away rode away
8 chose choose choosing has chosen
9 across cross crossing between
10 see to see seeing sees
11 terribly terrible more terribly the terrible
12 catch catching catches caught

TEST 5

Part 5
He rode up to it, and saw a little old woman, who appeared to be at least a hundred years old.
She put on her spectacles to (1) _________________ Prince Hyacinth, but it was quite a long time
before she could fix them securely because her nose was very short.
The Prince and the Fairy (for that was who she was) had no sooner looked at one another than they
went into fits of laughter, and cried at the same moment, “Oh, (2) _________________ a funny
nose!”
“Not so funny as your own,” said Prince Hyacinth to the Fairy; “but, madam, I beg you to leave the
consideration of our noses — such as they are — and to be good (3) _________________ to give
me something to eat, for I am starving, and so is my poor horse.”
“With all my heart,” said the Fairy. “Though your nose is so ridiculous, you are, nevertheless, the
son of my (4) _________________ friend. I loved your father as if he had been my brother. HE had
a very hand some nose!”
“And pray what does mine lack?” said the Prince.
“Oh! it doesn’t LACK (5) _________________,” replied the Fairy. “On the contrary, there is only
too much of it. But never mind, one may be a very worthy man though his nose is too long. I was
telling you that I was your (6) _________________ friend; he often came to see me in the old
times, and you must know that I was very pretty in (7)_____________________________
_________________ days; at least, he used to say so. I should like to tell you of a conversation we
had the last time I ever (8) _________________ him.”
“Indeed,” said the Prince, “but, madam, I beg you, that (9) _________________ I nothing to eat
today.”
“The poor boy is right,” said the Fairy; “Come in, then, and I (10) _________________ you some
supper, and while you are eating I can tell you my story in a very (11) _________________ words
— for I don’t like end less tales myself. Too long a tongue is worse than too long a nose, and I
remember when I was young that I was so much admired for not being a great chatterer. They used
(12) _________________ the Queen, my mother, that it was so. For though you see what I am now,
I was the daughter of a great king. My father...”

A В C D
1 look in look at look out look for
2 where which what that
3 too enough very also
4 better the best best the good
6 father father’s fathers fathers’
7 these this those that
8 saw see seen seeing
9 has had have had had will have
10 will give would give will be giving will be given
11 some a few little few
12 tell telling to tell tells

TEST 6

Part 6
“Your father, I dare say, (1) _________________ something to eat when he was hungry!”
interrupted the Prince.
“Oh! certainly,” answered the Fairy, “and you also shall have supper directly. I only just wanted to
tell you...”.
“But I really cannot listen to anything until I have had (2) _________________ to eat,” cried the
Prince, who was getting quite (3) _________________; but then, remembering that he had better be
polite as he much needed the Fairy’s help, he added:
“ I know that in the pleasure of (4) _________________ to you I should quite forget my own
hunger; but my horse, who cannot hear you, must really (5) _________________!”
The Fairy was very much flattered by this compliment, and said, (6) _________________ to her
servants:
“You shall not wait another minute, you are so polite, and in spite of the enormous size of your nose
you are really very agreeable.”
“Plague take the old lady! How she does go on about my nose!” said the Prince to himself. “One
would almost think that (7) _________________ had taken all the extra length that hers lacks! If I
were not so hungry I would soon have done with this chatterpie who thinks she (8)
_________________ very little! How stupid people are not to see their own faults! That comes of
being a princess: she (9) _________________ by flatterers, who have made her believe that she is
quite a moderate talker!”
Meanwhile the servants (10) _________________ the supper on the table, and the prince was much
amused to hear the Fairy who asked them a thousand questions simply for the pleasure of hearing
herself speak; especially he noticed one maid who, no matter what was (11) _________________,
always contrived to praise her (12) _________________ wisdom.

A В C D
1 get got getting will get
2 anything nothing everything something
3 angrier angriest angry angrily
4 listening listen listened to listen
5 was fed will be fed be fed has been fed
6 call calling called calls
7 mine me my I
8 talk talks talking talked
9 had been spoiled was spoiled has been spoiled will be spoiled
10 put had put has been putting were putting
11 being said said say having said
12 mistress mistress’s mistresses’ mistres’es

TEST 7

Part 7
“Well!” he thought, as he ate his supper, “I’m very glad I came here. This just shows me how sen-
sible I (1) _________________ in never listening to flatterers. People of that sort (2)
_________________ us to our faces without shame, and hide our faults or change them into virtues.
For my part I never will be (3) _________________ by them. I know my own defects, I hope.”
Poor Prince Hyacinth! He really believed what he said, and hadn’t an idea that the people who (4)
_________________ his nose were laughing at him, just as the Fairy’s maid was laughing at her;
for the Prince had seen her laugh slyly when she could do so without the Fairy’s (5)
_________________ her.
However, he said nothing, and presently, when his hunger began (6) _________________, the Fairy
said:
“My dear Prince, might I beg you to move a little more that way, for your nose (7)
_________________ such a shadow that I really cannot see what I have on my plate. Ah! thanks.
Now let us speak of your father. When I went to his Court he was only a little boy, but that is forty
years ago, and I have not been in this desolate place ever since. Tell me what (8)
_________________ nowadays; are the ladies as fond of amusement as ever? In my time one saw
them at parties, theatres, balls, and promenades every day. Dear me! WHAT a long nose you have!
I cannot get used to it!”
“Really, madam,” said the Prince, “I wish you (9) _________________ off mentioning my nose. It
cannot matter to you what it is like. I am quite satisfied with it, and have no wish to have it (10)
_________________. One must take what is given.”
“Now you are angry (11) _________________ me, my poor Hyacinth,” said the Fairy, “and I assure
you that I didn’t mean to vex you; on the contrary, I wished to do you a service. However, though I
really cannot help your nose being a shock to me, I will try not to say (12) _________________
about it. I will even try to think that you have an ordinary nose. To tell the truth, it would make
three reasonable ones.”

A В C D
1 has been was have been will be
2 praising praises to praise praise
3 taken in taken on taken out taken off
4 has praised had praised praised would praise
5 notice being noticed noticing noticed
6 to be appeased to have been appeased was appeased will be appeased
7 cast casts casting to cast
8 go in going on will go on goes on
9 leave would leave leaves will leave
10 short shortest shorter shorts
11 about in off with

TEST 8

Part 8
The Prince, who was no (1) _________________ hungry, grew so impatient at the Fairy’s continual
remarks about his nose that at last he threw himself upon his horse and rode (2)
_________________ away. But wherever he came in his journeys he thought the people (3)
_________________ mad, for they all talked of his nose, and yet he could not bring himself to
admit that it was too long, he had been so used all his life to hear it called handsome.
The old Fairy, who wished to make him happy, at last hit upon a plan. She shut the Dear Little Prin-
cess up in a palace of crystal, and put this palace down where the Prince would not fail to find it.
His joy at (4) _________________ the Princess again was extreme, and he set to work with all his
might to try to break her prison; but in spite of all his efforts he (5) _________________ utterly. In
despair he thought at least that he would try to get near enough to speak to the Dear Little Princess,
who, on her part, (6) _________________ her hand that he might kiss it; but turn which way he
might, he never could raise it to his lips, for his long nose always prevented it. For the first time he
realized how long it really was, and exclaimed:
“Well, it must be (7) _________________ that my nose IS too long!”
In an instant the crystal prison flew (8) _________________ a thousand splinters, and the old Fairy,
taking the Dear Little Princess by the hand, said to the Prince:
“Now, say if you are not very much (9) _________________ to me. Much good it was for me to
talk to you about your nose! You would never have found out how extraordinary it was if it (10)
_________________ you from doing what you wanted to. You see how self-love keeps us from
knowing our own defects of mind and body. Our reason tries in vain to show them to us; we refuse
to see them till we (11) _________________ them in the way of our interests.”
Prince Hyacinth, whose nose was now just like anyone’s else, did not fail to profit by the lesson he
(12) _________________. He married the Dear Little Princess, and they lived happily ever after.

A В C D
1 longer long longest the longer
2 haste hastily hastier hasty
3 is were was are
4 see to see seeing being seen
5 fails to fail failed has failed
6 stretch in stretched out stretch on stretch after
7 admitted admit admitting being admitted
8 out of from about into
9 oblige obliges obliging obliged
10 hasn’t hindered hadn’t hindered wasn’t hindered hindered
11 found finding find has found
12 receives received had received would receive

TEST 9

QUEEN MARGARET AND THE ROBBERS
Part 1
One day when roses (1) _________________ in bloom, two noblemen came to angry words in the
Temple Gardens, by the side of the river Thames. In the midst of their quarrel one of them plucked
a white rose (2) _________________ a bush, and, turning to (3) _________________ who were
near him, said:
“He who will stand by me in this quarrel, let him pluck a white rose with me, and (4)
_________________ it in his hat.”
Then the other gentleman (5) _________________ a red rose from another bush, and said: “Let him
who will stand by me pluck a red rose, and wear it as his badge.”
Now this quarrel (6) _________________ a great civil war, which (7) _________________ “The
War of the Roses,” for every soldier wore a white or red rose in his helmet to show to which side he
(8) _________________.
The leaders of the “ Red Rose” sided with King Henry the Sixth and his wife, Queen Margaret, who
were fighting for the English throne. Many great battles (9) _________________ , and wicked
deeds were done in those dreadful times.
In a battle at a place called Hexham, the king’s party was beaten, and Queen Margaret and her little
son, the Prince of Wales, had to flee for their lives. They (10) _________________ far before they
met a band of robbers, who stopped the queen and stole all her rich jewels, and, holding a drawn
sword over her head, threatened to take her life and that of her child.
The poor queen, (11) _________________ by terror, fell upon her knees and begged them to spare
her only son, the little prince. But the robbers, turning from her, began to fight among themselves as
to how they should divide the plunder,' and, drawing their weapons, they attacked one another.
When the queen saw what was happening she sprang to her feet, and, taking the prince (12)
_________________ the hand, made haste to escape.

A В C D
1 are have been were had been
2 from out of with on
3 these those that this
4 wore will wear wears wear
5 tear tore torn tearing
6 led in led to led up led about
7 call was called called was calling
8 belonged belong belongs will belong
9 fight are fought were fought fought
10 did not go has not gone will have gone had not gone
11 overcome overcame overcoming overcomes
12 at with by in

TEST 10

QUEEN MARGARET AND THE ROBBERS
Part 2
There was a thick wood close by, and the queen (1) _________________ it, but she was sorely
afraid and trembled in every limb, for she knew that this wood was the hiding-place of robbers and
outlaws. Every tree seemed to her (2) _________________ fancy to be an armed man (3)
_________________ to kill her and her little son.
On and on she went (4) _________________ the dark wood, this way and that, seeking some place
of shelter, but not knowing where she (5) _________________. At last she saw by the light of the
moon a tall, fierce-looking man step out from behind a tree. He came directly toward her, and she
knew by his dress that he was an outlaw. But thinking that he might have children of his own, she
determined (6) _________________ herself and her son upon his mercy.
When he came near she addressed him in a calm voice and with a stately manner.
“Friend,” said she, “I am the queen. Kill me if thou wilt, but spare my son, thy prince. Take him, I
will trust him to thee. Keep him safe from those that seek his life, and God will have pity on thee
for all thy sins.”
The words of the queen (7) _________________ the heart of the outlaw. He told her that once he
(8) _________________ on her side, and now (9) _________________ from the soldiers of the
“White Rose.” He then lifted the little prince in his arms, and, bidding the queen follow, led the way
to a cave in the rocks. There he gave them food and shelter, and (10) _________________ them
safe for two days, when the queen’s friends and attendants, discovering their hiding-place, came
and took them far away.
If you ever go to Hexham Forest, you may see this (11) _________________ cave. It is on the bank
of a little stream that (12) _________________ at the foot of a hill, and to this day the people call it
“Queen Margaret’s Cave.”

A В C D
1 plunged into plunged out of plunged over plunged across
2 excite exciting excited excitedly
3 wait waited waiting waits
4 over above through amid
5 was going is going will go would go
6 throw threw thrown to throw
7 moving move moveable moved
8 was fought was fighting had fought fights
9 was hiding have hidden has been hidden is hiding
10 kept keeping keeps was keeping
11 robbers’ robber’ robbery’s robber’s
12 will flow flows has flown flew

TEST 11

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 1
Once upon a time a king and a queen gave a magnificent party in honor (1) _________________
the christening of their new-born son, Prince Rolandor. To this party the royal parents took good
care to invite every single fairy in Fairyland, for they knew very well the unhappy consequences of
(2) _________________ to invite fairies to christenings. When all the invitations (3)
_________________, the Queen went down to the kitchen to superintend the cooking of the master-
dainty of the feast, a huge strawberry-tart.
The morning on (4) _________________ the grand ceremony was to take place arrived. At half-
past ten the Court Astrologer, who was master of ceremonies, gave the order to form in line; and at
ten minutes to eleven the splendid procession started for the church. The road (5)
_________________ with the King’s vassals shouting, “Hurrah, hurrah!” Countless little elves with
gauzy wings watched from the branches of the trees; and the great cathedral bells went clang, bang,
clang, as merrily as could be.
Just behind the royal body-guard (6) _________________ the King’s gold-and-diamond coach (7)
_________________ in the sunlight of June, with the King and the Queen in it on one side and the
Court Astrologer and the fairy Titania, prospective godparents of the little Prince, on the other. The
Prince himself, swathed in a wonderful silk mantle edged with pearls and turquoises, (8)
_________________ in the Astrologer’s arms.
The procession entered the church, (9) _________________ the venerable Lord Archbishop,
surrounded by a magnificent choir, was awaiting (10) _________________ coming. A hush (11)
_________________ the great assembly as the parents and the godparents advanced to the flower-
decked font, and the silence (12) _________________ until His Eminence had sprinkled the Prince
and given him the name of Rolandor. Then the bells rang again, the organ roared so that the
windows shook in their casements, and the choristers sang like birds on a summer afternoon.

A В C D
1 off of at about
2 forget forgetting forgotten forgets
3 had sent out has sent out had been sent out have sent out
4 who which whose whom
5 lined lining was lined will line
6 come comes has come came
7 shine shining shone is shining
8 sleep slept sleeping had slept
9 where what when which
10 it its his hers
11 went behind went to went in went over
12 last will last lasted would last

TEST 12

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 2
The christening over, the procession went back to the castle, past the waiting rows of bystanders,
not one of whom (1) _________________ his place or gone away, so superb had been the spectacle.
The christening banquet (2) _________________ in the great hall of the castle, and, thanks to the
Court Astrologer, things went off beautifully.______________________ It was the only large
banquet ever known in the history of the world where courses (3) _________________ all at one
time, and while one person was finishing an ice, another was not beginning with the soup. Nor was
the menu mixed, which (4) _________________ so frequently today that you are apt to have soup,
ice, cake, roast, soup, and a roast again. No, from soup to ice the banquet was a huge success; but,
(5) _________________, disaster came with the strawberry-tart.
As the Queen (6) _________________ with the Lord Chancellor of the Enchanted Islands, she hap-
pened to notice — for like a good hostess she had been keeping an eye to the comfort of her guests
— that nobody on the right-hand side of the hall (7) _________________ with strawberry-tart.
Almost at the same moment, the chief cook, (8) _________________ rather pale and worried,
bustled through the throng and whispered (9) _________________ her ear, “Your Majesty, the
strawberry-tart has given out!”
The Queen (10) _________________ pale. At length she managed to ask in a weak voice, “Have
you plenty of other pastries?”
“Yes, Your Majesty,” replied the cook.
“Then let them be served at once.”
The cook (11) _________________, and the Queen, though somewhat shaken, (12)
_________________ the conversation again. Ten minutes passed, and she was beginning to forget
her start, when a voice, rising clear and rasping over the hubbub of the hall, said suddenly,
“Where’s my piece of strawberry-tart?”

A В C D
1 changing change will change had changed
2 was laid were laid had been laid has laid
3 was serving were served were serving was served
4 happen happening happens happened
5 alas as so how
6 was chatting chatting chatted chats
7 has served had served had been served has been served
8 look looked looks looking
9 on at with in
10 turn turned has turned turning
11 withdraw withdrew withdrawn withdrawing
12 took up took in took at took off

TEST 13

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 3
Everybody turned toward the speaker, an elderly fairy from the Kingdom of the Black Mountains,
named Malvolia. She (1) _________________ in her place, her arms akimbo, glowering at her
plate, on which an attendant had just put a small chocolate éclair.
“Where’s my piece of strawberry-tart?” she repeated.
The Queen (2) _________________. “I am very sorry, Madam Malvolia,” said she in her (3)
_________________ voice, “but the strawberry-tart has given out.”
“Hoity-toity,” answered Malvolia (4) _________________; “you mean that you only baked enough
for your own personal friends.”
At this several guests cried, “Sh! Sh!” and the King began to look worried.
“We will send for some at once,” announced His Majesty.
“Oh yes, — strawberry-tart (5) _________________ by the Queen’s own hands for her own dear
friends,” said Malvolia sneeringly; “but for me, a fairy of age and distinction, an ordinary, low (6)
_________________ eclair. The Kingdom of the Black Mountains (7) _________________ in my
person!”
“No, no, no, no!” cried the King and the Queen. “We assure you, madam, that it was a simple
mischance.”
“Pish and tush!” replied Malvolia, who, like a great many people, secretly enjoyed (8)
_________________ herself aggrieved. “I consider the affair an affront, a deliberate affront. And
you shall pay dear for this humiliation,” she screamed, quickly losing control (9)
_________________ her temper. “Every time the Prince (10) _________________ something shall
change until...”
At this very moment, alas, a northeast wind (11) _________________ gustily through the open
windows of the hall, shaking the tapestries from the walls, and (12) _________________ the last of
Malvolia’s sentence. The angry fairy turned herself into a great black raven and flew, cawing
hoarsely, over the heads of the banqueters and out of the window with the wind.

A В C D
1 stand up standing up stands up stood up
2 rose risen has risen will rise
3 sweeter sweetest sweet sweety
4 rude ruder rudely rudest
5 bake baked baking bakery
6 baker’s baker bakers’ bakery’s
7 deliberately has insulted has been has been deliberately been has deliberately
insulted been deliberately insulted insulted
8 feeling feel felt will feel
9 on in off of
10 sneezing sneezed sneezes ’ll sneeze
11 blowing blew has blown will blow
12 cariying along carrying aside carrying away carrying upon

TEST 14

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 4
A baby’s cry (1) _________________, and the King and the Queen rushed panic-stricken to where
their little son (2) _________________ in his cradle on a raised platform at the head of the hall. The
little Prince’s fat, pink face was twisted into dreadful lines; he opened his mouth wide several times
and half closed it again; then, opening it wider than ever, he sneezed a terrible sneeze.
There came a loud clap of thunder. When the confusion was over, the Court Astrologer was found
(3) _________________ into an eight-day clock, with a sun, moon, and stars arrangement, a
planetary indicator, and a calendar calculated for two thousand years. The banquet ended rather
gloomily, although the gifts of the other fairies, such as health, wealth, and beauty, managed to
make everyone (4) _________________ more cheerful.
When the guests were gone, the King and Queen (5) _________________ Doctor Pill, the court
physician, to consult him (6) _________________ the measures which ought (7)
_________________ to prevent the Prince’s sneezing. As for the poor Court Astrologer, he was
hung up in the sacristy of the cathedral, and every eight days his wife wound him up, with tears.
“What shall we do, doctor?” asked the King rather mournfully.
“The Prince must be preserved from the things which (8) _________________ sneezing,” said the
doctor sagely.
“Such as draughts?” suggested the King.
“Draughts, head-colds, snuff, and pepper,” answered the leech. “Let his little highness (9)
_________________ into a special suite of rooms; admit no person to them until he has been
examined for head-cold, and (10) _________________ germ-proof garments; and as his little
highness (11) _________________ older, forbid the use of pepper in his food. Better still, if Your
Majesty has a castle in the mountains, let the Prince be taken there for the sake (12)
_________________ the purer air.”

A Б C D
1 hear heard was heard had heard
2 lie lay lain laid
3 to has turned to be turned to have turned have turned
4 a few a little many less
5 sent for sent in sent about sent from
6 on regard in regard to with regard in regards
7 was taken been taken being taken to be taken
8 cause causes caused causing
9 be put was put will be put has been put
10 was put on has put on put on had put on
11 grow grows grew will grow
12 on in at of

TEST 15

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 5
“There is the tower on the Golden Mountain,” said the King.
At this the Queen (1) _________________ to weep again, for she, quite naturally, did not wish to
part with her child.
“But, my dear, we can’t have him sneezing, and things changing all the time,” said the King.
“I beg Your Majesty to consider the danger of a head-cold,” (2) _________________ the doctor.
“Yes, think of the danger of a head-cold,” echoed the King, who saw (3) _________________ than
the Queen the chaos that might result if the Prince was attacked (4) _________________ a
prolonged fit of sneezing. “People with head-colds may sneeze ten or fifteen times a day.”
“Or fifty,” said the doctor.
“Or fifty,” echoed the King again, (5) _________________ his head, for he was torn between
paternal love and kingly duty. “Imagine fifty enchantments in a day! By eventide the whole
kingdom (6) _________________ upset, undone, and the people plotting a revolution.”
“The tower on the Golden Mountain is in a fine healthful locality,” said the doctor, “and the Prince
could be (7) _________________ as happily there as in the palace.”
So at length the Queen consented. In (8) _________________ days the little Prince, who had not
sneezed a second time, was removed to the tower on the Golden Mountain. His room, (9)
_________________ by Doctor Pill, was completely protected from draughts, and every breath of
air that entered it was tri-bi-sterilized. Mrs. Pill, who had been a hospital nurse, took care of him.
Three times a week, (10) _________________ Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, his royal
parents rode out to the tower, and after (11) _________________ germ-proof garments, were
admitted to the nursery of their infant son.
And so the years went by. Nobody was found able to break Malvolia’s spell, and the clue to (12)
_________________ undoing had been carried away by the wind. Malvolia herself had
disappeared.

A В C D
1 began begin begun beginning
2 put on put off put after put in
3 clear clearer clearest clearly
4 on beside by over
5 shake shakes shaken shaking
6 will be would be has been had been
7 bring up was bring up brought up had brought up
8 a few a little more fewer
9 design designing designs designed
10 in on at out
11 puts on put on putting on will put on
12 it its it’s it was

TEST 16

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 6
The Prince became a handsome little boy. Accomplished teachers taught him history, music,
drawing, dancing, and all the other things that a prince ought to know. But of real life he knew
almost (1) _________________ at all.
His most faithful friend during these lonely years (2)
____________________________________________ a French poodle, who spoke both French
and English exceedingly well. Of course, he had a marked canine accent, rather growling hisg’s and
howling the aw’s and the ow’s, but his words were well (3) _________________ and his
vocabulary extensive. Never was seen a more friendly, wise, and devoted animal.
When the King decided to have him sent away for a while, for he feared that his son was getting a
touch of Poldo’s barky manner of speaking, from too close an association, the little Prince (4)
_________________ really ill from grief, and the King (5) _________________ to alter his
decision.
During his imprisonment in the tower, in spite of all precautions, the Prince sneezed three times. At
the first sneeze, all the dogs in the kingdom except Poldo changed into cats, and all the cats into
dogs. Though this (6) _________________ a serious trouble, the change was certainly
inconvenient. All the dog-cats came out meowing at people as the dogs (7) _________________ at
them, and they chased people down the street; the cat-dogs, on the other hand, stayed in the kitchen
under the stove, and (8) _________________ mice in the pantry. Great St. Bernards might be seen
licking their paws and rubbing them over their foreheads, and fat, old cat-lap-dogs used (9)
_________________ to purr.
At the second sneeze, all the elderly gentlemen (10) _________________ seventy changed into elm
trees, a proceeding that caused a terrible lot of trouble.
At the third sneeze, all the people in the pictures at the Art Museum became alive, and for a week
the soldiers of the royal guard spent most of their time (11) _________________ poor, bewildered
fauns, satyrs, nymphs, Roman senators, and long dead celebrities and historical personages from the
worst destitution. The King finally (12) _________________ build a special castle for them.

A В C D
1 anything something nothing everything
2 be was were are
3 choose chose chosen choosing
4 became become becoming becomes
5 force is forced was forced has forced
6 were not was not is not has not
7 use to bark is used bark used to bark gets used to bark
8 watch for watched for watches for watching for
9 to try try tries trying
10 at over behind above
11 rescue rescued rescuing rescues
12 has to had to will have to must

TEST 17

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 7
As the Prince’s twenty-first birthday (1) _________________ near, he began to feel very sad at the
idea of (2) _________________ to stay shut up in the tower all his life. Though he was a very brave
and very manly young man, he lay down on his couch and (3) _________________
in__________________ sorrow.
Suddenly, (4) _________________ with his forepaws on the coverlet, “Why do you____________
weep, dear master?” said the little dog.
“At my fate,” replied the poor Prince. “I cannot bear (5) _________________ that I may have to
spend all my days in this tower, and never see the great wide world.”
The poodle was silent for (6) _________________ minutes. At length he said, “Dear Prince
Rolandor, do not (7) _________________ hope. Have you ever thought of consulting my old
master, the Giant of the North Pole? He has a large chest in his palace full of secrets which the
winds (8) _________________, and perhaps the key to Malvolia’s spell is (9) _________________
them. If you have a warm fur coat and four fur boots made for me, I (10) _________________ to
the Giant and ask him.”
The Prince gave his consent, and on the next day the royal tailor made the poodle a magnificent
sealskin coat and four splendid fur-lined boots. Then the King (11) _________________ him good
speed, the Queen cried over him, and the Prince, who could see from his high tower every corner of
the kingdom, watched him till he (12) _________________ over the hills and far away.

A В C D
1 draw drawn drew drawing
2 have having has had
3 weep is weeping wept was wept
4 stand standing stood stands
5 thinks thinking being thought to think
6 fewer a little a few less
7 give in give at give up give about
8 has overheard have overheard had overheard having overheard
9 amid among amidst between
10 is going to would go is going will go
11 wish wished wishes wishing
12 disappear disappearing disappeared to disappear

TEST 18

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 8
Straight north the poodle ran. Soon he (1) _________________ the fertile plains behind him, and
entered great, black pine forests where never a road was (2) _________________. The cold wind
howled through the trees, and (3) _________________ night the brilliant stars sparkled over the
dark and waving branches. Hungry wolves and savage bears often pursued him, but somehow he
always (4) _________________ to escape them all. At the end of the forest he found the frozen
ocean lit by the shuddering light of the aurora, flashing in a great fan from east to west. Past white-
tusked walruses and sleepy penguins he flew, till on (5) _________________ day he saw the green,
icy pinnacles of the Giant’s palace against the waving curtain of the Polar lights. (6)
_________________ the evening of the twelfth day he entered the castle.
The Giant of the North Pole was a tall, strong, yellow-haired fellow (7) _________________ a
crown of ice and a great sweeping mantle (8) _________________ the white fur of the polar bear.
His servants were the Gusts, — strange, supple, shadowy creatures moving quickly to and fro, —
and his courtiers were the whirlwinds and the storms. The Giant’s wife sat (9) _________________
his side; she had dark hair and eyes of icy, burning blue.
“Welcome, little Poldo,” said the Giant; and his voice (10) _________________ like the wind in the
treetops; “what seek you here?”
“I seek some words of the Fairy Malvolia which (11) _________________ by the northeast wind at
Prince Rolandor’s christening,” replied the poodle.
“Whew, oo-oo,” whistled the Giant of the North Pole. “If I have them, the words (12)
_________________ yours.”

A В C D
1 had left has left have left will have left
2 was to be seen been seen to be saw
3 in at on of
4 managed manage managing to manage
5 eleven the eleventh eleventh an eleventh
6 At In Out On
7 wear wore wearing worn
8 make from made from making from will make from
9 on among with by
10 sound sounded have sounded will sound
11 was carried away have been carried were carried away had been carried away
away
12 be are being were

TEST 19

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 9
He summoned two Gusts (1) _________________ the chest of secrets. It was made of black stone;
and edged with diamonds of ice. In it (2) _________________ all the mysteries which the wind had
ever overheard; there were secrets, confessions, vows, merry laughs, and simple words. And sure
enough, in the corner of the chest (3) _________________ the rest of Malvolia’s spell — a row of
little, old-fashioned, dusty words; the words: “Until he (4) _________________ someone brave
enough to marry him.”
So the good poodle learned the words (5) _________________ heart, thanked the Giant, and
hurried home with the message. When he came to the King’s palace, he ran, barking with joy, right
into the King’s own room. There he saw the unhappy parents.
“(6) _________________ the last of the sentence?” cried the Queen.
“Yes,” said Poldo. “The spell will end when the prince (7)
_________________ .”____________________________
That very evening the King and the Queen sent forth ambassadors to ask for the hand of the loveli-
est princess of all Fairyland, Princess Adatha of the Adamant Mountains. But so afraid was Adatha
of (8) _________________ into something else, that she refused the offer.
The King and the Queen then made a request (9) _________________ the hand of Princess Alicia
of the Crystal Lakes. But Alicia also was afraid of being turned into (10) _________________ else,
and she too refused the alliance. So did the Princess of the Golden Coasts, the Princess of the Seven
Cities, and many (11) _________________. Finally the only princess left in all Fairyland was a
princess who herself lay under an enchantment. A jealous witch had turned her golden hair bright
blue, and given her a nose a foot long. This unhappy maiden was the only princess willing (12)
_________________ poor Rolandor.

A В C D
1 to bring forth to brought forth to have been brought will bring forth
forth
2 is stored were stored was stored will be stored
3 lav lie laid lying
4 find found finds finding
5 at by from off
6 Have you found You have found Found you have had you found
7 marries married marrying to marry
8 was turned is turned being turned having turned
9 before for from because
10 something anything nothing somebody
11 other the other others another
12 accept accepting to accept being accepted

TEST 20

PRINCE SNEEZE
Part 10
The wedding day (1) _________________. The Prince, though perhaps a little pale from his
confined life, looked very handsome, and (2) _________________ his ugly bride to the altar like a
man. Just exactly as the marriage ceremony was half over, a spasm (3) _________________ the
muscles of the Prince’s face; the poor young man felt strongly inclined (4) _________________.
Though he could be seen (5) _________________ heroic efforts to control the impulse, the
audience got very nervous and panicky.
All (6) _________________ in vain! The Prince sneezed, “Ker choo!” A terrific clap of thunder
rent the air, and everybody looked about to see what (7) _________________.
The effect of the sneeze was an odd one. As it had occurred exactly at the moment when the Prince
was half-married, the spell had reacted upon itself. “Just like a kick from a gun,” Dr. Pill said next
day.
The cats became dogs again, and the dogs became cats; the elm trees became cross, elderly
gentlemen (8) _________________ their families; the poor, excited Roman senators, fauns,
nymphs, satyrs, celebrities and historical personages, went back to their pictures; and to cap the
climax, the ugly bride became once more her sweet and lovely self.
While everybody (9) _________________, who should walk out of the sacristy but the Court
Astrologer! An instant later, he (10) _________________ into the affectionate arms of the faithful
wife who had wound him up for twenty-one years.
After the wedding reception, the Prince and his bride (11) _________________ a honeymoon to the
Enchanted Islands. As for Poldo the poodle, he (12) _________________ Prime Minister and lived
to a fine old age.

A В C D
1 arrive arrives arrived arriving
2 lead led would lead has led
3 contort contorting contorted will contort
4 to sneeze sneeze sneezes sneezing
5 make making makes made
6 was were have been is
7 has happened have happened had happened will happen
8 looking for looking at looking about looking after
9 were cheered was cheering is cheering was cheered
10 falling have fallen had fallen has fallen
11 gone on went on go on going on
12 is created were created was created creates

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GRAMMAR TENSES IN CONTEXT

APPEARANCES ARE OFTEN DECEIVING

WATER, WATER, EVERYWHERE... BUT WHERE?

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