DE LA SALLE LIPA

College of Education, Arts and Sciences

OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

School Year 2019-2020

MODULE # 7:

Re-orientation on the NSTP Law (RA 9163)

Re-orientation on the NSTP Law (RA 9163)

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I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this module, the students are expected to:

1. define and recall the National Service Training Program (NSTP) through Republic Act 9163,
and the contents of the 25-hour common module phase;
2. recognize and apply the rules and guiding principles governing the NSTP in relation to
community development;
3. appreciate the thrusts of the NSTPtwo course as a continuation of NSTPone; and
4. apply the learning they have acquired to real-life situations

II. ALLOTTED TIME: 3 hours

Lecture and discussion 2 hours

Group Dynamics 1 hour

III. PRE – DISCUSSION ACTIVITY:

The teacher will ask the students to regroup themselves based on their NSTPone deployments. Each group
will be asked to share its experiences during the first-semester activities, with focus on some of the problems
it has acquired along the way.

Journal Readings:
• Delivering value to community partners in service-learning projects
• Student ownership of service-learning projects: Including ourselves in our community.

IV. CONTENT
Part 1. Introduction
Part 2. Re-orientation of NSTP Law (RA9163): Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Part 3. The 25 Hour Common Module Phase

V. POST – DISCUSSION ACTIVITY:

PART 1. INTRODUCTION

NSTPtwo is a course designed for Community immersion. It is an important requirement of NSTP

prescribed to students, male and female, in private and public higher education institutions and technical-
vocational schools.

It is the practicum-based element of NSTP where lessons learned and acquired in NSTPone are
applied in the enhancement of trainees’ capabilities, civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the
service of the nation.

Community Immersion is a strategy in community organizing that is sought to imbibe among the NSTP
trainees a better understanding and realization of the different community concerns through exposure on actual
life situations specifically in the deprived, depressed, and the underprivileged (DDU) communities. These
experiences will allow them to integrate with other people who may facilitate them to undergo certain changes
that will make them civic-conscious and socially responsible citizens.

Through the CWTS & LTS components, NSTPtwo aims to strengthen the students’ active participation
and involvement in the programs and activities intended to uplift the different dimensions of development in
the community in accordance with the Lasallian Core Values
(Faith, Service & Communion in Mission).

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Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) refers to the program component or activities contributory
to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its
facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety,
recreation and moral of the citizenry and other social welfare services.

Literacy training Service (LTS) refers to the program component designed to train students to teach
literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youths and other segments of society in need of
their services.

PART 2. RE-ORIENTATION OF NSTP LAW (RA9163): FREQUENTLY ASKED

QUESTIONS (FAQs)

1. What is the National Service Training Program Law? The National Service Training
National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law as embodied in Program (Republic Act 9163)
Republic Act 9163 is a program aimed at enhancing civic is a program aimed at
consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by enhancing civic consciousness
developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing and defense preparedness in
training in any of its three (3) program components specifically the youth by developing the
designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general ethics of service and patriotism
welfare.

2. What are the Program components of the NSTP? Program Components of NSTP
a. The Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) 1. Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC)
is designed to provide military training to tertiary 2. Literacy Training Service (LTS)
level students in order to motivate, train, organize, 3. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
and mobilize them for national defense
preparedness.

b. The Literacy Training Service (LTS) is designed to train the students to teach literacy and
numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youth and other segments of society in
need of their services.

c. The Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) refers to activities contributory to the general
welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of
its facilities, especially those developed to improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and other social welfare
services.

3. Who shall take the NSTP? All incoming freshmen students, male and female, enrolled in any
baccalaureate and in at least two (2) year technical-vocational or associate courses, are required to
complete one (1) NSTP component of their choice as a graduation requirement.

4. How will the NSTP be taken up? Each of the NSTP components shall be undertaken for an
academic period of two (2) semesters and credited for three (3) units per semester with 54 to 90
training hours per semester.

5. What will become of NSTP Graduates? Graduates of

Graduates of non-ROTC shall
the non-ROTC components shall belong to the National
belong to the National Service
Reserve Corps (NSRC) that could be tapped by the
Reserve Corps while the ROTC
State for literacy and civic welfare activities. Graduates
graduates shall form part of the AFP
of the ROTC component shall form only part of the AFP
Citizen Armed Force
Citizen Armed Force, subject to DND requirements.
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6. How much fee will be charged for an NSTP component? No fees shall be collected for any of
the NSTP component except basic tuition fees, which should not be more than fifty percent (50%)
of the charges of the school per academic unit.

7. Who is responsible for supervising the NSTP? School Authorities shall exercise academic and
administrative supervision over the design, formulation, adoption and implementation of the different
NSTP components in their respective schools.
Lead Agencies Tasked to
In the case of ROTC, the School Authorities and DND
Monitor the Implementation of
shall exercise joint supervision over its implementation.
NSTP
8. What lead agencies will monitor the implementation of 1. Commission in Higher
the NSTP? CHED Regional Offices, TESDA Provincial and Education (CHED)
District Offices and the DND-AFP through the major Service
2. Department of National
Reserve Commands and their ROTC Units shall oversee if the
Defense (DND)
trainings conducted are in consonance with the Republic Act.
3. Technical Education and
9. When must a student select the specific NSTP program Skills Development Authority
component that he/she will pursue?Upon completion of the (TESDA)
common module phase, the student must select the specific
NSTP program component that he/she will pursue

10. What are the subjects covered by the common NSTP module? Students enrolled in NSTPone
shall be made to undergo a common module phase for 25 hours training period. Subjects covered
are: citizenship training; drug education; disaster awareness, preparedness and management;
environmental protection; and the other national security concerns.

PART 3. THE 25 HOUR COMMON MODULE PHASE

A. Citizenship Training

NSTP as a citizenship training scheme focuses on translating the good citizenship values as reflected
in the Preamble of the Constitution into concrete action in building a better Philippines.

We can become good citizens by living in accordance with the good citizenship values which we can
derive from the preamble of the Constitution such as: Faith in God, Unity, Patriotism, Work, Respect for Life,
Respect for Law and Government, Truth, Justice, Freedom, Love, Equality, Peace, Promotion of the Common
Good, Concern for the Family and Future Generations, Concern for the Environment and Order.

The good fruit of good citizenship actions will not only benefit us personally but will benefit our country
as well. The good fruit of good citizenship is what contributes to nation-building. Through good citizenship, we
show our love for our country and we develop our sense of nationhood.

The Filipino people possess certain values, shared perceptions on what we hold dear, what we regard
as most important to us. These sixteen values are enshrined in the above Preamble of our 1987 Philippine
Constitution. These are unity, patriotism, faith in Almighty God, respect for life, respect for law and Government,
work, truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, peace, promotion of the common good, concern for the
environment, and order. These values of the Filipino people serve as the guiding principles in our life as a
nation and provide the underlying framework for all the provisions of the Constitution.

For adults, these basic values can be seen in their outward manifestations as well as in decision-
making. There is always a consistency on what they think, how they feel and what they say.

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Every Filipino child needs to be helped to form his own values consistent with the basic Filipino values,
if he is to grow into a citizen who is “maka-Diyos, maka-tao, maka-bayan, and maka-kalikasan.”

B. Environmental Awareness Protection

There is a dire need to address the environmental problems in our country in order to prevent the
harsh effects of environmental damage, most notably water and air pollution, deforestation, and loss of
terrestrial and marine biodiversity. Perhaps the most dangerous of all these effects is the imminent threat of
climate change and global warming because the country is significantly at risk, where “about half of the total
area and more than 80 percent of the population are vulnerable to natural disasters.” Unfortunately, when
flash floods, typhoons, and changing weather patterns occur, the marginalized sectors are especially affected
and are the hardest hit.

The Philippine environment is presently in crisis. The country’s rich landscape is experiencing a drastic
decline on account of human activities. Most of the country’s forest cover is already depleted and about 23
percent of the endemic species are threatened with extinction. Poor environmental quality has adversely
affected human health and welfare by lowering the quality of life and resulting in productivity loss.

The primary environmental problem in our country’s waters is water pollution. The current state of
water in the country has shown a rapid decline in quality due to poor water management. The increasing
number of pollutants in the bodies of water has led to the destruction of the country’s groundwater, lakes,
rivers, and other coastal areas.

Deforestation in the Philippines has reached alarming new heights. The country’s forest cover has
dropped from 270,000 square kilometers at the end of 1898 to only about 8,000 square kilometers in 2006.
Increasing urbanization, commercial logging, kaingin or slash and burn agriculture, and forest fires all
contribute to the country’s deforestation problem. There is also a rapid conversion of forest lands and grass
lands to urban use prompted by the needs of the growing population. This leads to severe soil erosion and
water pollution (e.g., river siltation).

Loss of biodiversity is a prevailing problem in the country. It does not only occur in terrestrial areas but
also in our coastal waters. The deforestation problem of our forest lands contributes to the loss of biodiversity
in our land. Many of the Philippines’ species, a lot of which are endemic and depend on the forests, are
gradually becoming extinct. The reason for this is that forest lands that were once occupied by these species
are grazed and converted into residential or agricultural areas. The loss or alteration of their critical habitats
gravely affects the resident species’ chance for survival. They are not only driven out of their habitat but are
also deprived of their food source. The scarcity of their food supply eventually leads to their extinction.
Furthermore, loss of habitat threatens to destroy the ecological balance of whole communities and ecosystems.

The onset of industrialization played a critical role in the increase of environmental problems in the
country. The growing need of Filipinos to sustain themselves has clearly taken its toll on the environment.
Effluent from both commercial and domestic activities led to increasing levels of water pollution and frequent
bouts of water scarcity. Human migration resulted in the conversion of forest lands to residential and industrial
areas, and the demand for transportation services and the increase in the number of factories and industrial
plants have all contributed to the worsening air pollution.

Recent tragedies brought about by natural disasters merely highlight the country’s need to enhance
its efforts to protect and rehabilitate the environment. These concerns must be brought to the forefront of the
country’s concerns before the effects of human activities on the environment become irreversible.

C. Drugs and Substance Abuse, Prevention and Education

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Drug use affects the family and the overall community in many ways. It can tear apart families due to
ruined relationships, prolonged illnesses, and lost productivity. It can even result in homelessness for families,
and worse, premature death losses.

It is the policy of the State to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry
particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being, and
to defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to their development and preservation. The
government shall pursue an intensive and unrelenting campaign against the trafficking and use of dangerous
drugs and other similar substances. The State needs to enhance further the efficacy of the law against
dangerous drugs, they being one of today’s more serious social ills.

Countries across the globe are implementing their drug prevention and control interventions using
varied strategies that are relevant to their context. In general, what should be pursued is a balanced drug policy
as evidence-based public health does contribute to public security.

The Anti- Illegal Drugs Strategy Statement states that by 2022, the Philippines will be able to achieve
drug- free communities through supply reduction efforts involving strong law enforcement with consistent
adherence to and observance of human rights, coupled with comprehensive demand reduction initiatives and
supported by strong international ties.

This means that the country will be able to achieve drug-free communities through supply
reduction efforts involving law enforcement with strong adherence to and observance of human rights,
coupled with comprehensive demand reduction initiatives and supported by strong international ties.
It also means that effective drug laws, regulations, policies and programs are implemented, thereby
contributing to peace and order. Thus, by 2022, the Philippines is envisioned to have attained drug-free
communities with institutionalized anti-drug policies, systems and processes.

D. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Disaster - a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread

human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.

The concept of disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) accepts that some hazard events
may occur but tries to lessen the impact by improving the community’s ability to absorb the impact with minimum
damage or destruction. Disaster risk reduction and management is a series of actions (programmes, projects,
and/measures) and instruments expressly aimed at reducing disaster risk in endangered regions, and
mitigating extent of disasters.

Operationally, it includes risk assessment, disaster prevention and mitigation and disaster
preparedness. It is used to underscore the current trend of taking a proactive approach to hazards posed by
extreme natural phenomena.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

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Disaster Management

Disaster management refers to the efficient and effective utilization of resources and the application
of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate return to normalcy and
redevelopment.

1. Disaster management occurs before, during and after disaster.

2. Disaster management consists of the DRM component as well as relief, response, early and long-term
recovery, including rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
a. Disaster response, including relief activities, is conducted immediately after a disaster occurs
primarily to save lives and for humanitarian purposes
b. Recovery occurs over the short, medium and long term in the aftermath of a disaster.
Rehabilitation and reconstruction, on the other hand, are long term activities necessary to
restore public infrastructures, services and critical facilities.

NATURAL HAZARDS: WHAT TO DO DURING, BEFORE, AND AFTER

1. Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of
energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.The Philippines, which lies between two of the
world’s most active tectonic plates, experiences an average of five earthquakes per day, most of which
are imperceptible.

What to do BEFORE:
• Familiarize yourself with your place. Identify relatively strong parts of the building where you can take
refuge during an earthquake.
• Learn to use fire extinguishers.
• Learn to use first aid kits, alarms and emergency exits.

What to do DURING:
• If inside a structurally sound building, stay there. Protect your body from falling debris. Duck, Cover
and Hold.
• If outside, move to an open area. Get away from power lines, post, walls, and other structures. Stay
away from building with glass panes.
• If along the shore and you feel an earthquake strong enough to make standing difficult, run away from
the shore towards a higher ground.
• If on a mountain or near a steep hill slope, move away from steep escarpments which may be affected
by landslides.
• When driving a vehicle, pull to the side of the road and stop. Do not attempt to cross bridges or
overpasses which may have been damaged.

What to do AFTER:
• If inside an old, weak structure, take the fastest and safest way out. Get out calmly in an orderly
manager. Do not rush to the exit! Use the stairs. Do not use the elevators! Check yourself and
others for inquiries.
• Check surroundings. Clean up chemical spills, toxic flammable materials to avoid any chain of
unwanted events. Check for fire and if any, have it controlled. Check water and electrical lines for
defects. If any damage is suspected, turn the system off in the main valve or switch.
• If you must evacuate your residence, leave a message stating where you are going. Take with you your
earthquake survival kit.

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• Help reduce the number of casualties from the earthquake. Don’t enter partially damaged building.
Strong aftershocks may cause these to collapse. Gather information and disaster prevention instruction
from battery-operated radios. Obey public safety precautions.

2. Volcanic Eruption

During a volcanic eruption, lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and various gases
are expelled from a volcanic vent. The Philippines has 21 active volcanoes.

What to do DURING/AFTER volcanic eruption?

• Follow the evacuation order issued by authorities and evacuate immediately from the volcano area to
avoid flying debris, hot gases, lateral blast, and lava flow.
• Be aware of mudflows. The danger from a mudflow increases near stream channels and with prolonged
heavy rains. Mudflows can move faster than you can walk or run. Look upstream before crossing a bridge,
and do not cross the bridge if a mudflow is approaching.
• Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas.
• Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance - infants, elderly people, and
people with disabilities.

Protection from falling ash

• Listen to a battery-powered radio or television for the latest emergency information.
• If you have a respiratory ailment, avoid contact with any amount of ash.
• Use goggles and wear eyeglasses instead of contact lenses.
• Use a dust mask or hold a damp cloth over your face to help with breathing.
• Stay indoors until the ash has settled unless there is a danger of the roof collapsing.
• Close doors, windows, and all ventilation in the house.
• Clear heavy ash from flat or low-pitched roofs and rain gutters.
• Avoid running car or truck engines. Driving can stir up volcanic ash that can clog engines, damage moving
parts, and stall vehicles.
• Avoid driving in heavy ash fall unless absolutely required. If you have to drive, keep speed down to 35
MPH or slower.

3. Tsunami
Tsunamis, tidal waves generated by earthquakes, affect many of the coastal areas of the region,
including those of Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines. Tsunami also called a tsunami wave train and at
one time referred to as a tidal wave, is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large
volume of a body of water, usually an ocean, though it can occur in large lakes.

What to do DURING/AFTER tsunami?

• Turn on your radio to learn if there is a tsunami warning if an earthquake occurs and you are in a coastal
area.
• Move inland to higher ground immediately and stay there.
• Stay away from the beach. Never go down to the beach to watch a tsunami come in. If you can see the
wave you are too close to escape it.
• CAUTION - If there is noticeable recession in water away from the shoreline this is nature's tsunami
warning and it should be heeded. You should move away immediately.

4. Landslides
A landslide or landslip is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground
movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in
offshore, coastal and onshore environments. In addition to the influence of topography, landslides are
aggravated by human activities, such as deforestation, cultivation and construction, which destabilize
the already fragile slopes.

What to do DURING landslide or debris flows?

• Stay alert and awake.
• If you are in areas susceptible to landslides and debris flows, consider leaving if it is safe to do so.
• Listen for any unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking or boulders
knocking together.

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• If you are near a stream or channel, be alert for any sudden increase or decrease in water flow and for a
change from clear to muddy water.
• Be especially alert when driving.

What to Do if You Suspect Imminent Landslide Danger?

• Contact your local fire, police, or public works department. Local officials are the best persons able to
assess potential danger.
• Inform affected neighbors.
• Evacuate. Getting out of the path of a landslide or debris flow is your best protection.

5. Typhoon

A tropical cyclone (or tropical storm, typhoon or hurricane, depending on strength and location) is a
type of low-pressure system which generally forms in the tropics. While some, particularly those that
make landfall in populated areas, are regarded as highly destructive, tropical cyclones are an important
part of the atmospheric circulation system, which moves heat from the equatorial region toward the
higher latitudes.

What to do BEFORE:
• Store an adequate supply of food and clean water. Prepare foods that need not be cooked.
• Keep flashlights, candles and battery-powered radios within easy reach.
• Examine your house and repair its unstable parts.
• Always keep yourself updated with the latest weather report.
• Harvest crops that can be yielded already.
• Secure domesticated animals in a safe place.
• For fisher folks, place boats in a safe area.
• Should you need to evacuate, bring clothes, a first aid kit, candles/flashlight, battery-powered radio,
food, etc.

What to do DURING:
• Stay inside the house
• Always keep yourself updated with the latest weather report.
• If safe drinking water is not available, boil water for at least 20 minutes. Place it in a container with
cover.
• Keep an eye on lighted candles or gas lamps.
• Do not wade through floodwaters to avoid being electrocuted and contracting diseases.
• If there is a need to move to an evacuation center, follow these reminders:
- Evacuate calmly.
- Close the windows and turn off the main power switch.
- Put important appliances and belongings in a high ground.
- Avoid the way leading to the river.

What to do AFTER:
• If your house was destroyed, make sure that it is already safe and stable when you enter.
• Beware of dangerous animals such as snakes that may have entered your house.
• Watch out for live wires or outlet immersed in water.
• Report damaged electrical cables and fallen electric posts to the authorities.
• Do not let water accumulate in tires, cans or pots to avoid creating a favorable condition for mosquito
breeding.

6. Thunderstorms
A thunderstorm is a form of severe weather characterized by the presence of lightning and its
attendant thunder. It is often accompanied by copious rainfall, or, on occasion, snowfall.

Lightning Safety Precautions

• Go inside a home or building
• Avoid using electrical appliances such as telephones, computers, television sets. Etc.
• If stuck outside do not take shelter under a tall, isolated tree
• Stay away from bodies of water

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7. Fire

How to Survive and Get Out of a Burning Building

• Do not open the door that feels warm. Super-heated air might quickly kill you. Try to get out some
other way
• If there is a panic-rush fir the main exit, keep out of the crowd and attempt to find some other means of
escape. Above all, keep calm.
• A temporary refuge may be secured behind any door. Even a thin, wooden door will temporarily stop
smoke and hot gasses and may not burn though for several minutes.
• Stuffs clothes in the cracks under and around the door to keep out smoke and gasses. Open the
window, break it if necessary and shout for assistance
• When forced to remain in a smoke-filled building, remember that the air is usually better near the floor.
If you must dash through smoke or flame, hold your breath.
• If there is a dense smoke but no flame, crawl and if possible, get a wet towel and wrap it around
yourself. Cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth.
• If you are cut-off stairs, make a rope out of bed clothes or clothing. You can utilize porch and garage
roofs or trees to get to the ground.

E. National Security

We are entering a new era of human security where the concept of security will change, and change
dramatically. Security will be interpreted as:

1. security of people, not just of territory;

2. security of individuals, not just of nations; and
3. security through development, not through arms.

Security is a national concern that every Filipino must consider to ensure peaceful existence of the
state. It shall be the State’s primordial concern as well to secure its constituents. It is a condition or state of
being where the Filipino peoples’ values, way of life, institutions, welfare and well-being, sovereignty and
strategic locations are protected and enhanced.

There are seven fundamental elements that lie at the core of, and therefore further amplify our
definition of national security. At the same time, they constitute the most important challenges we face as a
nation and people.

Socio-Political Stability - the government and the people must engage in nation-building under the rule of law,
Constitutional democracy and the full respect for human rights.

Territorial Integrity - we must ensure the permanent inviolability of our national territory and its effective control
by the Government and the State. This includes the preservation of our country’s Exclusive Economic Zone
(EEZ) and its protection from illegal incursions and resource exploitation.

Economic Solidarity and Strength - we must vigorously pursue a free-market economy through responsible
entrepreneurship based on social conscience, respect for the dignity of labor and concern for the public interest.

Ecological Balance - national survival rests upon the effective conservation of our natural environment in the
face of industrial and agricultural expansion and population growth.

Cultural Cohesiveness - our lives as a people must be ruled by a common set of values and beliefs grounded
on high moral and ethical standards, drawn from our heritage and embodying a Filipino standard, drawn from
our heritage and embodying a Filipino identity transcending religious, ethnic and linguistic differences.

Moral-Spiritual Consensus - we must be propelled by a national vision inspired, and manifested in our words
and deeds, by patriotism, national pride and the advancement of national goals and objectives.

External Peace - we must pursue constructive and cordial relations with all nations and peoples, even as our
nation itself must chart an independent course, free from external control, interference or threat of aggression.

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V. POST – DISCUSSION ACTIVITY:

Activity: #iamANIMO : Ako ay TALA para sa TAAL (A Story of Good Deed)

Using the given format below, each NSTP student will share a story of kindness and generosity which
he or she has shown towards the victims of the recent Taal Volcano eruption.

Requirements:
1. Construct a write-up of a recent act/s of kindness you have done in relation to the recent
Taal volcano eruption (if you haven’t done anything yet, it’s not too late to lend a helping
hand!)
2. Write an essay (in not more than 10 sentences) explaining what you did, who were the
beneficiaries, why you chose to do it and how will it benefit someone else. Discuss your
points of learning from the said experience.
3. Include at least one photo (or a collage) to share your good deed/s.

Name: ______________________ Section:_______

Photo

Title
Essay:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

VI. REFERENCES
1. Labuguen, F.C, et.al (2012). Understanding the National Service Training Program: A Modular Worktext for
NSTP1. Valenzuela City: Adelko Printing Press.

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2. Labuguen, F.C, et.al (2008). Towards a Responsive Community Action: A Modular Worktext in NSTP2 for
Trainers and Students. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House.
3. Resurreccion, Bernadette P. and Rebecca Elmhirst. Gender and natural resource. management : livelihoods,
mobility and interventions. London : Earthscan, 2008
4. Vernooy, Ronnie; Qiu, Sun; Jianchu, Xu.Voices for change : participatory monitoring and evaluation in China
Kunming : Yunnan Science and Technology Press, c2003
5. Villanueva, Roneo C., Focusing on Civic Welfare Training Service. Volume 1. Feliber Pub. House, Batangas
City. 2005
6. http://www.pmi.org/info/PP_OPM 3ExecGuide.pdf
7. The Prince2 Guide-A to Z, FAQ and 1000+ Exam Questions
8. www.bridgeport.edu/…/zhiping/report.html
9. A Sourcebook on Environmental Rights and Legal Remedies.
https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiT
_IChlannAhUQHaYKHcLRDuwQFjAAegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2F2.gy-118.workers.dev/%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.ombudsman.gov.ph%2FUNDP4
%2Faccess-to-environmental-justice-a-sourcebook-on-environmental-rights-and-legal-
remedies%2Findex.html&usg=AOvVaw29Fb_IIKObQbcQdjZb--DV
10. DLSL-NSTPone Modules SY 2019-2020

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