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    Cryogenic Cooling

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    maheshwaran
    This document provides an overview of cryogenic cooling and refrigeration systems. It begins with definitions, noting that cryogenics involves temperatures below 123K and derives from the Greek words for cold and science. It then discusses various cryogenic refrigerants and their boiling points, ideal refrigeration systems using the Carnot cycle, and specific refrigerator designs like the Linde-Hampson refrigerator. The document also covers cryogenic cooling using open and closed systems, typical mechanical cooling systems, advantages over mechanical cooling, common coolants like liquid carbon dioxide and nitrogen, applications in space research, electronics, medicine, manufacturing and food processing, and concludes by thanking the audience.

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    Cryogenic Cooling

    Uploaded by

    maheshwaran
    184 views17 pages
    This document provides an overview of cryogenic cooling and refrigeration systems. It begins with definitions, noting that cryogenics involves temperatures below 123K and derives from the Greek words for cold and science. It then discusses various cryogenic refrigerants and their boiling points, ideal refrigeration systems using the Carnot cycle, and specific refrigerator designs like the Linde-Hampson refrigerator. The document also covers cryogenic cooling using open and closed systems, typical mechanical cooling systems, advantages over mechanical cooling, common coolants like liquid carbon dioxide and nitrogen, applications in space research, electronics, medicine, manufacturing and food processing, and concludes by thanking the audience.

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    This document provides an overview of cryogenic cooling and refrigeration systems. It begins with definitions, noting that cryogenics involves temperatures below 123K and derives from the Greek words for cold and science. It then discusses various cryogenic refrigerants and their boiling points, ideal refrigeration systems using the Carnot cycle, and specific refrigerator designs like the Linde-Hampson refrigerator. The document also covers cryogenic cooling using open and closed systems, typical mechanical cooling systems, advantages over mechanical cooling, common coolants like liquid carbon dioxide and nitrogen, applications in space research, electronics, medicine, manufacturing and food processing, and concludes by thanking the audience.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    184 views17 pages

    Cryogenic Cooling

    Uploaded by

    maheshwaran
    This document provides an overview of cryogenic cooling and refrigeration systems. It begins with definitions, noting that cryogenics involves temperatures below 123K and derives from the Greek words for cold and science. It then discusses various cryogenic refrigerants and their boiling points, ideal refrigeration systems using the Carnot cycle, and specific refrigerator designs like the Linde-Hampson refrigerator. The document also covers cryogenic cooling using open and closed systems, typical mechanical cooling systems, advantages over mechanical cooling, common coolants like liquid carbon dioxide and nitrogen, applications in space research, electronics, medicine, manufacturing and food processing, and concludes by thanking the audience.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    A TECHNICAL SEMINAR

    ON
    CRYOGENIC COOLING
    INTRODUCTION

    The word “cryogenics” is derived from two


    Latin words.
     Cryo - means cold Genics -
    means science.
    Cryogenics is “the science of cold”. It
    suggests that how to get low temperatures
    and how materials behave at the low
    temperatures
    Cryogenic cooling or cryogenic
    refrigeration system is one of the system
    from cryogenic.
    This field has been an enormous growth especially after
    World War – II. To consider the field of cryogenics as
    that involving temperatures below 123K.
    CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATION
    SYSTEM:
    Refrigerants Boiling point
    REFRIGERANTS (K)
    Liquid Helium 3 3.19

    Liquid Helium 4 4.214

    Liquid Hydrogen 20.27

    Liquid Neon 27.09

    Liquid Nitrogen 77.36

    Liquid Air 78.8


    IDEAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS:-. In the case of
    refrigerators, there are two types of low-temperature
    source that may be used. If we evaporate a liquid to
    furnish the cooling, energy is added to the refrigerant in
    an isothermal manner, as far as the evaporator of the
    refrigerator is concerned. On the other hand, we may use
    a cold gas such as helium (which gets quite cold before it
    liquefies), and energy is added at constant pressure (for
    the refrigerant) without liquefying the gas.

    2 T = const.
    1
    Th

    Temperature T

    s = const.

    s = const.
    T = const.
    Tc 3
    4

    Entropy s

    Fig. 1 Carnot cycle


    3. REFRIGERATOR:-
    Linde- Hampson refrigerator:-
    Magnetic Cooling:
    By using liquid He3 we can reach upto 0.6 K
    by reducing pressure upto 72.6 Pa which is
    vapour pressure of He3. But it is difficult to
    maintain such low pressure.
     Giauque and Debye pointed out that a
    paramagnetic substance could be used
    instead of a gas or liquid and that a magnetic
    field could be used instead of a fluid to attain
    the low temperatures.
    CRYOGENIC COOLING BY OPEN
    SYSTEM
    In this method cryogenic cooling system use
    an open system that expels the spent vapour
    into the atmosphere.
    Cryogenic Cooling by open
    system
    TYPICAL MECHANICAL COOLING
    SYSTEM
    Advantage over mechanical cooling:

    Change rates, or temperatures beyond the


    limits of mechanical refrigeration.
     Small &lighter equipment requires less
    space.
    less electrical power required due to absence
    of compressor.
     less noise.
    lower maintenance cost.
    Coolants:
    1. Liquid CO2

    2. Liquid N2
    How safe is this system?
    Common cryogenic coolants do not harm the
    Ozone layer, are not flammable, and are not
    poisonous. The common coolants, Carbon Dioxide
    and Nitrogen, are normal components of our
    breathable air. In fact, about 78% of our
    atmosphere is Nitrogen, so it’s safety is pretty well
    demonstrated. Carbon Dioxide is the fizzy part of
    soft drinks, so it better safe.
    APPLICATIONS OF CRYOGENIC
    COOLING:
    In Space Research
     In Electronics
    In Biological & Medical applications
    In Manufacturing Process
    In Food Processing
    References :-
     Cryogenic Systems by Randall Barron
     Refrigeration & Air conditioning by Arora,
    Domkundwar
     www.sigmabroucher.com
    THANKS

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