ASIA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

Diploma
Quantitative Method
Tutorial 2

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Lecturer :
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Chapter 2: Sampling Techniques, Data Collections,

Data Presentation & Statistical Measures

1. True / False questions:

(i) One of the disadvantages of street interviews is questions have to be short and simple.
(ii) Questions in questionnaire should be as long as possible.
(iii) A stratified random sample is a random sample in which members of the population are
first divided into strata, then randomly selected to be a part of the sample.
(iv) Cluster sampling is normally used with homogeneous population spread over a wide area.
It involves splitting the area up into regions, selecting a few regions randomly and
confining sampling to these regions alone.
(v) Using face to face interview method, we are able to obtain the highest response rate.
(vi) One of the disadvantages of individual interviews is, an interviewer can see or sense if a
question has not been fully understood and it can be followed up on the spot.
(vii) Within a population groups that are similar to each other (although the groups themselves
have wide internal variation) are called cluster sampling.
(viii) Non-sampling error referred to the physical error due to the handling of large data sets, or
incorrect method or statistical technique adopted.
(ix) It may be easier to ask sensitive or embarrassing questions is one of the advantages of
telephone interviews.
(x) Made a claim, set an objective, select the population and sample and analysed the data
are phases to design the questionnaires.

2. State which sampling method is the most appropriate one:

(i) An auto analyst is conducting a satisfaction survey, sampling from a list of 10,000 new
car buyers. The list includes 2500 Ford buyers, 2500 Proton buyers, 2500 Honda buyers,
and 2500 Toyota buyers. The analyst selects a sample of 400 car buyers, by randomly
sampling 100 buyers of each brand.
(ii) A city is to be divided into 650 blocks. Twenty of the blocks will be sampled, and
interviews are conducted at every household in each of the 15 blocks sampled.
(iii) A researcher interviews shoppers at a local mall. If the mall was chosen because it was a
nearest site from which to solicit survey participants and/or because it was close to the
researcher's home or business.
(iv) If the population of study contained 2000 students at a high school and the researcher
wanted a sample of 100 students, the students would be put into list form and then every
20th student would be selected for inclusion in the sample. To ensure against any

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 possible human bias in this method, the researcher should select the first student at
random.

3. To determine monthly rental prices of apartment units in Sri Petaling area, samples were
constructed in the following ways. Identify the technique used to produce each sample (SRS,
cluster, systematic or stratified):
(i) Classify the apartment units according to the number of bedrooms and then take a
random sample from each of category.
(ii) Numbered the apartments and select few apartments randomly, survey all the units in the
selected apartments.

4. Which of the following is NOT recognized as an advantage of using street interview to collect
research data?
(A) Convenient and cheap
(B) Questions have to be short and simple
(C) Response is rapid
(D) Non-response is not a problem

5. Which of the following is NOT a method used to improve response rates from the respondents?
(A) Incentives
(B) Prior notification
(C) Follow-up
(D) All of these methods are used to improve response rate.

6. All of the following are recognized as advantages of using personal interview to collect research
data compare than questionnaire EXCEPT:
(A) Easier to ask embarrassing questions.
(B) It is more suitable for deep or detailed questions to be asked
(C) The interviewer can see / sense if a question has not been fully understand
(D) All of the above

7. A stationery company charts the availability of its vans on a daily basis. The following data give
the number of vans not available for all or part of a day, each working day, over a thirty day
period.

5 0 0 1 2 2 3 5 4 1 1 3 4 2 0
4 4 3 1 0 2 2 5 7 1 3 0 1 1 2

Summarize the data by using simple frequency distribution.

8. A sample of 60 bolts is taken at random from a production line. The measurements of their
diameters (in mm) are:

1.94 2.06 2.15 1.99 2.00 2.07 2.10 2.12 2.18 2.01
2.03 1.97 1.97 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.02 1.99 2.00 2.02
2.05 2.09 1.95 2.16 2.07 1.98 2.02 2.04 2.00 2.20

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 1.91 2.04 2.02 2.30 2.20 2.20 1.96 2.11 2.15 2.23
2.11 2.08 1.99 1.90 2.05 2.03 2.12 2.01 2.09 2.14
2.21 1.96 2.14 2.58 2.14 2.02 2.02 2.14 2.16 2.09

Compile a grouped frequency distribution for these data start with 1.90 – 1.99, 2.00 – 2.09 etc.

9. (i) Arrange the numbers 17, 45, 38, 27, 6, 48, 11, 57, 34 and 22 in an array.
(ii) Determine the range of these numbers.

10. Table below shows a frequency distribution of a weekly wages of 65 employees at the P&R
Company.

Wages ($) Number of employees

250.00 – 259.99 8
260.00 – 269.99 10
270.00 – 279.99 16
280.00 – 289.99 14
290.00 – 299.99 10
300.00 – 309.99 5
310.00 – 319.99 2
65

With reference to this table, determine:

(i) The lower limit of the sixth class
(ii) The upper limit of the fourth class
(iii) The class midpoint of the third class
(iv) The class boundaries of the fifth class
(v) The size of fifth-class interval
(vi) The frequency of the third class
(vii) The relative frequency of the third class
(viii) The class interval having the largest frequency.
(ix) The percentage of employees earning less than $280.00 per week
(x) The percentage of employees earning less than $300.00 per week but at least $260.00 per
week
(xi) Construct a cumulative frequency distribution and a percentage of cumulative
distribution.
(xii) From the frequency distribution table of a weekly wages at P&R Company, construct
polygon graph to represent the data.
(xiii) From the frequency distribution table of a weekly wages at P&R Company, construct
“more than” and “less than” ogive graph to represent the data.

11. If the following table shows the weights of 40 male students at State University are recorded to
the nearest pound. Construct a frequency distribution (1st class = 118 until 126).

138 164 150 132 144 125 149 157

146 158 140 147 136 148 152 144

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 168 126 138 176 163 119 154 165
146 173 142 147 135 153 140 135
161 145 135 142 150 156 145 128

12. Five coins were tossed 1000 times, and at each toss the number of heads was observed. The
number of tosses during which 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 heads were obtained is shown in the following
table.

Number of Heads Number of Tosses, f

0 38
1 144
2 342
3 287
4 164
5 25
1000

(i) Draw the histogram

(ii) Construct a table to show the relative frequency resulting in a number of heads less than
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

13. Represent the data in the table below using:

(i) Percentage component bar chart
(ii) Multiple bar chart
(iii) Pie chart (2012)

RM(‘000)
Asset of the company 2012 2013 2014
Cash 50 95 70
Debtors 450 380 425
Property 85 75 80
Stock 400 420 350

14. The grades of a student on six examinations were 84, 91, 72, 68, 87, and 78. Find the arithmetic
mean of the grades.

15. Ten measurements of the diameter of a cylinder were recorded by as a scientist as 3.88, 4.09,
3.92, 3.97, 4.02, 3.95, 4.03, 3.92, 3.98, and 4.06 centimeters (cm). Find the arithmetic mean of
the measurements.

16. Out of 100 numbers, 20 were 4’s, 40 were 5’s, 30 were 6’s and the remainder were 7’s. Find the
arithmetic mean, median and mode of the numbers.

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17. Based on the following frequency distribution table, find the mean, median and mode height of
the 100 students at XYZ University.

Height (inch) Number of students

60 – 62 5
63 – 65 18
66 – 68 42
69 – 71 27
72 – 74 8

18. Compute the mean and median weekly wage of 65 employees at the P&Q Company from the
following frequency distribution table.

Weekly wages ($) Number of employees

255 8
265 10
275 16
285 14
295 10
305 5
315 2

19. The numbers of ATM transactions per day were recorded at 15 locations in a large city. The data
were: 35, 49, 225, 50, 30, 65, 40, 55, 52, 76, 48, 325, 47, 32, and 60. Find:
(i) the median number of transactions
(ii) the mean number of transactions

20. Listed below are several indicators of long term economic growth in the United States. The
projections are through the year 2011.

Economic Indicator Percent Change Economic Indicator Percent Change

Inflation 4.5 Real GNP 2.9
Exports 4.7 Investment (residential) 3.6
Imports 2.3 Investment (nonresidential) 2.1
Real disposable income 2.9 Productivity (total) 1.4
Consumption 2.7 Productivity (manufacturing) 5.2

(i) What is the median percent change?

(ii) What is the modal percent change?

21. Find the range of the sets:

(i) 12, 6, 7, 3, 15, 10, 18, 5
(ii) 9, 3, 8, 8, 9, 8, 9, 18

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22. Compute the range, standard deviation, variance and semi inter-quartile range of height of the
students at XYZ University:

Height (inch) Number of students

60 – 62 5
63 – 65 18
66 – 68 42
69 – 71 27
72 – 74 8

23. The following table shows the grouped data in classes, for the heights of 50 students:

Height (inch) Number of students

120 ≤ 130 2
130 ≤ 140 5
140 ≤ 150 25
150 ≤ 160 10
160 ≤ 170 8

Calculate variance for the heights of 50 students.

24. A manufacturer of television tubes has two types of tubes, A and B. Respectively, the tubes have
mean lifetimes 1495 hours and 1875 hours, and standard deviation of A is 280 hours and B is
310 hours. Calculate coefficient of variation for each tube and what is your conclusion?

25. The following table shows the distribution of the maximum loads in short tons (1 short ton =
2000lb) supported by certain cables produced by a company.

Maximum load (short tons) Number of cables

9.3 – 9.7 2
9.8 – 10.2 5
10.3 – 10.7 12
10.8 – 11.2 17
11.3 – 11.7 14
11.8 – 12.2 6
12.3 – 12.7 3
12.8 – 13.2 1
TOTAL 60

(i) Compute Q1, Q2 and Q3.

(ii) Find the semi inter-quartile range for the distribution.

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26. Based on the following data, find the semi inter-quartile range:

𝑋 462 480 498 516 534 552 570 588 606 624
𝑓 98 75 56 42 30 21 15 11 6 2

27. Find Pearso Pearson’s first and second coefficients of skewness for the income distribution of the
80 employees at the Swink Ptd. Ltd. Given mean = $279.76; median = $279.06; mode =
$277.50; and standard deviation = $15.60. Determine the types of distribution.

28. The distribution of scores on an aptitude test is given below. Find the mean, median, and mode.
Make a bar graph for the distribution, using vertical bars. Show the relative positions of the three
measures of central tendency on the horizontal axis.

Value Frequency
2 24
3 30
4 36
5 30
6 24

29. Summarize three relationship between mean, median and mode in special distribution.

30. Excel spreadsheet below showing the height (cm) of 12 students in a class. Determine the
formula that will generate the result in cell:

(i) C15 (ii) C16 (iii) F3 (iv) F4 (v) F5

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Answer:
1. (i) True (vi) False
(ii) False (vii) True
(iii) True (viii) True
(iv) False (ix) True
(v) True (x) False

2. (i) Stratified
(ii) Cluster
(iii) Non-random sampling
(iv) Systematic

3. (i) Stratified
(ii) Cluster

4. B

5. D

6. A

7. Simple frequency distribution:

Number of vans Frequency, f
0 5
1 7
2 6
3 4
4 4
5 3
6 0
7 1

8. Group frequency distribution:

Class Frequency, f
1.90 – 1.99 12
2.00 – 2.09 27
2.10 – 2.19 14
2.20 – 2.29 5
2.30 – 2.39 1
2.40 2.49 0
2.50 – 2.59 1
9. Ascending order; 6, 11, 17, 22, 27, 34, 38, 45, 48, 57
Descending order; 57, 48, 45, 38, 34, 27, 22, 17, 11, 6

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10. (i) $300
(ii) $289.99
(iii) $275 (for most practical purpose)
(iv) Upper class boundaries; $299.995
Lower class boundaries; $289.995
(v) $10
(vi) 16
(vii) 24.6%
(viii) $270.00 – $279.99
(ix) 52.3%
(x) 76.9%
(xi) Cumulative frequency distribution with the percentage:
Wages, $ F % of F
250 – 259.99 8 12.31%
260 – 269.99 18 27.69%
270 – 279.99 34 52.31%
280 – 289.99 48 73.85%
290 – 299.99 58 89.23%
300 – 309.99 63 96.92%
310 – 319.99 65 100%

(xii) GRAPH
(xiii) GRAPH

11. Frequency distribution table:

Weight (lb) Frequency, f
118 – 126 3
127 – 135 5
136 – 144 9
145 – 153 12
154 – 162 5
163 – 171 4
172 – 180 2
TOTAL = 40

12. (i) GRAPH

(ii) Relative frequency table:
Number of heads F % of F
less than 0 0 0%
less than 1 38 3.8%
less than 2 182 18.2%

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 less than 3 524 52.4%
less than 4 811 81.1%
less than 5 975 97.5%
less than 6 1000 100%

13. (i) GRAPH

(ii) GRAPH
(iii) Pie chart 2012:
Cash
5%

Stock
41%
Debtors
46%

Property
8%

14. 80

15. 3.98 cm

16. Mean = 5.30

Median = 5
Mode = 5

17. Mean = 67.45 inch

Median = 67.4286 inch
Mode = 67.3462 inch

18. Mean = $279.77

Median = $275

19. (i) 50
(ii) 79.267

20. (i) 2.9

(ii) 2.9

21. (i) 15
(ii) 15

22. Range = 12 inch

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 Standard deviation = 2.9202 inch
Variance = 8.5275 inch
Semi inter-quartile range = 1.9841 inch

23. 98.44

24. CVA  18.7291%

CVB  16.5333%
Since CVA  CVB , tubes B is more consistent than tubes A.

25. (i) Q1  10.5833 , Q2  11.0735 , Q3  11.5714

(ii) 0.4941

26. 27

27. Psk 1 = 0.1449 and Psk 2 = 0.1394,

Since the coefficient of skewness are positives, the distribution is skewed positively or skewed to
the right.

28. GRAPH

29. Skewed to the left: mean < median < mode

Skewed to the right: mean > median > mode
Normal; mean = median = mode

30. (i) C15 = AVERAGE(B2:B13)

(ii) C16 = VAR(B2:B13)
(iii) F3 = SUMIF(A2:A13,D3,B2:B13)
(iv) F4 = SUMIF(A2:A13,D4,B2:B13)
(v) F5 = SUM(F3:F4)

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