CITY GOVERNMENT OF NAGA

City Planning and Development Office

Ecological Profile
of the City of Naga
2016-30

Volume III
Draft | August 2017
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS i

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES iii

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1

Brief history 1  i
i
CHAPTER 2. GEOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 4
1
Physical profile 4
The Naga River watershed 6
Biodiversity areas 7
Environmental and natural resources accounting 7

CHAPTER 3. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK 11

REDUCTION

Local climate change scenario 11

Elements, sectors and institutions exposed to climate change impacts 12
Summary of findings of vulnerability assessment 15
GHG emission assessment 17
Disaster risk reduction and management 18

CHAPTER 4. POPULATION AND SOCIAL PROFILE 22

Demography 22
Population count and trends 22
Age-sex structure 22
Population density 23
Migration 23
Poverty incidence 23
Social services 24
Education 24
Health 25
Housing 26
Protective services 27

CHAPTER 5. THE LOCAL ECONOMY 32

Structure 32
Trade, commerce and services 32
Agriculture 33
Manufacturing 33
Pro
Property development 34
Tou
Tourism 34
Tou

i
CHAPTER 6. INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 37

Infrastructure 37
Roads and bridges 37
Road gap 37
Land transport 37
Air transport 38
Rail and water transport 38
Communication 39
Waterworks 39
Power 40
Environment 41
Solid waste management 41
Air quality 42
Water quality 42
Greenhouse gas emission 42

CHAPTER 7. SPECIAL AREA STUDY: HERITAGE DISTRICT 45

Heritage district 45
Boundaries and historical sites 45

ii
 LIST OF TABLES

3.1 Most Intense Typhoons that Hit the Bicol Region, 1947-2006 9
3.2 Naga City Aggregate Land Cover/Land Use Changes from 2003 10
to 2010
3.3 Summary of Physical and Economic Accounts of Naga City: 10
2013-2015
3.4 Frequency Table for 1-day Rainfall (mm) based on Observed 21
Values (1951-2010) and Projected for 2020 (2006-2035):
3.5 Camarines Sur
Population of Naga City, 1960-2015 28
3.6 Projected Population of Naga City, 2015-2050 28
3.7 Household Population of Naga City by Age Group and Sex, 28
2010
3.8 Population of Naga City by Barangay, 1990-2015 28
3.9 Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer 29
Walls and Roof, Naga City. 2010
3.10 Inventory of Approved Subdivisions, Naga City. 2010-16 30
3.11 Business Permits Granted by Type of Economic Activity, Naga 35
City. 2016
3.12 Existing Major Agricultural Crops By Area, Naga City. 2016 35
3.13 New Investments, Naga City. 2010-14 36
3.14 Tourist Arrivals, Naga City. 2013-14 36
3.15 Inventory of Roads, Naga City. 2015 44
3.16 Registered Motor Vehicle by Kind/Type, Naga City. 2010-15 44
3.17 Comparative Performance Indicators, Bicol Electric 44
Cooperatives. 1st Semester 2016

LIST OF FIGURES

3.1 Location Map of Naga City 4

3.2 Historical Typhoon Tracks in Naga City 5
3.3 The Naga River Watershed 6
3.4 Projected Temperature (2020), Naga City 11
3.5 Hazards Affecting Naga City 12
3.6 Population Exposed to Various Hazards, Naga City 13
3.7 Physical Assets Exposed to Various Hazards, Naga City 14
3.8 Carbon Emission of the Different Sectors in Naga 17
3.9 Projected Population, 2020-50 22
3.10 The OF Sector in Naga 23
3.11 Number of Schools in Naga City 24
3.12 Hospitals and Bed Capacity in Naga City 25
3.13 Housing Units, by Type, Naga City 26
3.14 Structure of Naga's economy 31
3.15 Agricultural Workers by Type and Sex, Naga City 32
3.16 Comparative Tourist Arrivals, 2014 33
3.17 Public Transport Vehicles in Naga City 38
3.18 Perspective of the MNWD Septage Facility in Carolina 40
3.19 Location and layout of the San Isidro SLF-cum-WTE 41
3.20 Air Quality Monitoring in Naga City, 2000-14 41
3.21 Dissolved Oxygen Levels, Naga River, 2014-15 42
3.22 GHG Emissions in Naga City 43
3.23 The proposed heritage district 45

iii
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 ,
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
This volume presents the Ecological Profile of Naga City. An Ecological Profile (EP) is the more
comprehensive replacement of the usual socioeconomic profile, which gives equal coverage to
the physical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and built environments.

It consists of three main parts: an Ecosystem Analysis, Sectoral Studies, and Special Area
Study focusing on Naga’s built heritage. They are broken down into the following chapters:

Chapter 1 presents a brief history of Naga City.

Chapter 2 profiles the city’s geophysical environment.

Chapter 3 presents the highlights of studies on local climate change adaptation and disaster risk
reduction.

Chapter 4 takes a closer look at the socio-demographic profile of Naga.

Chapter 5 provides an overview of the local economy.

Chapter 6 profiles the city’s infrastructure and environmental support systems.

Last but not least, Chapter 7 looks at Naga’s heritage resources and its proposed heritage
district.

BRIEF HISTORY1

Pre-colonial era. Bicol region is closely allied with the confederation called the Kedatuan of
Madja-as (Itself formed by Austronesian rebels against Rajah Makatunao in a civil war in
Brunei), which is located in Panay island. According to the Maragtas, two Datus who followed
Datu Puti eventually arrived at Taal Lake and then split up, one group settling later around
Laguna de Bay, and another group pushing southward into the Bicol Peninsula, making
Bicolanos an intermediate group between people from Luzon and people from the Visayas. The
discovery of an ancient tomb preserved among the Bicolanos refers to some of the same deities
and personages mentioned in the Maragtas examined by anthropologists during the 1920s.

Spanish colonial period. In 1573, on his second expedition to this region, the conquistador
Juan de Salcedo landed in a village and named it "Naga" because of the abundance of Narra
trees ("Naga" in Bikol).2

In 1575, Captain Pedro de Chávez, commander of the garrison left behind by Salcedo, founded
on the site of the present central business district (across the river from the original Naga) a

1 “Naga, Camarines Sur.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naga,_Camarines_Sur

2The late Fr. Raul Bonoan, S.J., former president of Ateneo de Naga University, however advanced an
alternative theory linking the name to the Nagas, a serpent-worshipping northern Indian tribe that settled
near or around water springs.
Spanish city which he named La Ciudad de Cáceres, in honor of Francisco de Sande, the
governor-general and a native of the city of Cáceres in Extramadura, Spain. It was still by this
name that it was identified in the papal bull of August 14, 1595 that erected the See of Cáceres,
together with those of Cebú and Nueva Segovia, and made it the seat of the new bishopric
under the Archdiocese of Manila.

In time, the Spanish city and the native village merged into one community and became
popularly known as Nueva Cáceres, to distinguish it from its namesake in Spain. It had a city
government as prescribed by Spanish law, with an ayuntamiento and cabildo of its own. At the
beginning of the 17th century, there were only five other ciudades in the Philippines. Nueva
Cáceres remained the capital of the Ambos Camarines provinces and later of the Camarines
Sur province until the formal creation of the independent chartered city of Naga under the
Philippine Republic.

The bishops of Cáceres occupied a unique place in the Philippine Catholic hierarchy during
most of the Spanish regime. By virtue of the papal bull of Gregory XIII, ecclesiastical cases
originating in the Spanish East Indies, which ordinarily were appealable to the Pope, were
ordered to be terminated there and no longer elevated to Rome. Decisions of bishops were
made appealable to the archbishop and those of the latter to the bishop of the nearest see.
Thus, in the Philippines, the decisions of the Archbishop of Manila were subject to review by the
Bishop of Cáceres whose jurisdiction then extended from the whole Bicol region, the island-
province of Marinduque and the present-day Aurora, which was once part of the former
Tayabas Province, which is now the province of Quezon. In this sense, bishops of Bikol were
delegates of the Pope and could be considered primates of the Church of the Philippines.
This was the reason why bishops of Cáceres and archbishops of Manila were sometimes
engaged in interesting controversies in the sensational Naga case and in such issues as
canonical visitation and the secularization of the parishes. As papal delegate, Bishop Francisco
Gaínza, then concurrent bishop of Cáceres, sat in the special ecclesiastical tribunal which
passed upon the civil authorities' petition to divest Fathers Burgos, Gómez, and Zamora of their
priestly dignity. Gaínza did not only refuse the petition but also urged their pardon.

American colonial period. With the advent of the American rule, the city was reduced to a
municipality. In 1919, it lost its Spanish name and became officially known as Naga. It acquired
its present city charter in 1948, and its city government was inaugurated on December 15 of the
same year by virtue of Republic Act No. 305. Rep. Juan Q. Miranda sponsored this legislative
act which put flesh into the city's bid to become among the only few independent component
cities in the country.

World War II and Japanese occupation. Naga came under Japanese occupation on
December 18, 1941 following the Japanese invasion of Legazpi a few days earlier. More than
three years later, on April 9, 1945, combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth troops under
the United States Army, Philippine Commonwealth Army and the Philippine Constabulary, aided
by Bicolano guerrilla resistance groups, finally liberated Naga and defeated the Imperial
Japanese invaders, thus ending the war.

Independent Philippines. After Naga was liberated from the Japanese, the task of rebuilding
the town began in earnest. With only a few casualties, Naga was able to rebuild quickly after the
war. After many petitions, Naga became a city on June 18, 1948.

2
Religious center. Naga City goes by many
names: "Queen City of Bicol" and Heart of
Bicol due to its central location in the Bicol
peninsula, and the Pilgrim City because it is
also home to the largest Marian pilgrimage
in Asia, the Lady of Peñafrancia, the region’s
patroness. The 315-year old devotion makes
Peñafrancia, together with the Divino Rostro,
one of the most popular objects of devotion
in the country.

Consequently, Naga is also Bicol's religious

center. It is the seat of the metropolitan
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Caceres,
whose jurisdiction includes all the suffragan
sees of Bicol, the Dioceses of Daet, Legazpi,
Libmanan, Masbate, Sorsogon, and Virac.

Development administration. Coordinating

growth and development is the City
Government of Naga, which directed the Naga City goes by many names.
city’s transformation into a center of good
governance in the Philippines. For the last two decades, it has earned close to 200 national and
international awards for innovations and excellence in diverse areas of local governance from
the time of the late Mayor Jesse M. Robredo up to the present under the administration of
Mayor Bongat. It is the "Most Competitive Component City” for 2015 and 2016.

Naga is also the core of Metro Naga, an official designation given the city and 17 municipalities
in the area administered by the Metro Naga Development Council. Metro Naga is a metropolitan
area that also includes Pili, the provincial capital, and covers most of the 3rd district of the
province and part of its 2nd, 4th and 5th districts. Metro Naga comprise about 40% of the total
population of the province, and 23% of its land area.

3
Chapter 2
GEOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
This chapter summarizes the geophysical context of Naga City as a means of defining current
realities that underpin the plan.

PHYSICAL PROFILE

Geographic location. Naga City is centrally located in the province of Camarines Sur, about
377 kms south of Manila and 100 kms north of Legazpi City, Albay. Nestled at the foot of Mt.
Isarog, the city has a total land area of 8,448 hectares or 84.46 sq kms.

On the Philippine Map, it is placed between 13 to 14° North Latitude and between 123 to 124°
East Longitude. It is bounded on the North by the towns of Canaman, Magarao and Calabanga;
on the East by Mt. Isarog; on the South, by Milaor and the capital town of Pili; and on the West
by the town of Camaligan. (Fig. 3.1.)

Topography. The city’s terrain generally slopes upward from west to east. Its city center,
trisected by the Bicol and Naga rivers which are fed by creeks and riverines that crisscross the
city, is located near its lowest point, making it susceptible to flooding when unusually heavy
rainfall causes these waterways to overflow.

Slope suitability. The low flatlands from the city center up to the upper barangays of Pacol and
San Isidro at foot of Mt. Isarog have slopes of 0-3% (almost level) to 3-8% (nearly level to
slightly sloping). Collectively, they account for 58% of the total land area.

On the other hand, the eastern part covering barangay Carolina has slopes of 8-18% while
Panicuason, which includes the Forest and Parks Reserve of Mt. Isarog that forms part of the

Figure 3.1. Location Map of Naga City. Base map from Google Maps, city boundaries from
Comprehensive Land use Plan 2000 4
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS), has the steepest from 18-30% and
above.

Soil fertility. Agricultural adaptability of the soil is well-suited for palay, corn, abaca, coffee,
sugar, fruit, root crops and other vegetable varieties. Soil-fertile areas are generally located in
the agricultural barangays of Cararayan, Pacol, Carolina, Panicuason and San Isidro. Some
agricultural activities can also be seen in some portions of San Felipe, Balatas, Tabuco, Mabolo
and Concepcion Grande.

They correspond to the three major soil types found in the city. The Pili clay loam, part of the Pili
Series of Philippine soils, is found in the low elevation areas of the city. Pili soils are poorly
drained and renewed by the Bicol River every year by delivering and depositing fine volcanic
materials and organic matter from highlands through flooding. On the other hand, the Tigaon
clay, found in the city’s midlands (Pacol, Cararayan, San Isidro and lower Carolina) is part of the
Tigaon Series, found in undulating and rolling, or hilly to mountainous (east of Mt. Iriga and Lake
Buhi) areas in Camarines Sur.
Tigaon series has good
moisture retentivity with water
easily percolating through soil
layers. Finally, the Bulusan
loam is found in upper
Carolina and the whole of
Panicuason. These are
primary soils developed from
the weathering of massive to
fragmented volcanic rocks,
mostly basalt and andesite.

Climate and rainfall. Naga’s

climatic type falls under Type II
under the Modified Coronas
classification. This condition is
characterized by a definite
absence of dry season and a
very pronounced maximum
rain period from November to Fig. 3.2. Historical Typhoon Tracks in Naga City
January. Under the Köppen
climate classification system, this is equivalent to a tropical savanna climate. It is characterized
by monthly mean temperatures above 18 °C in every month of the year and typically a
pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than 60 mm.

Between 2005 and 2014, the city had an average annual rainfall of 2,450 mm, ranging between
a low of 2,083 mm (2007) and a high of 3,393 mm (2011). The 10-year average represents a
19% increase over the 2,104 mm recording during the previous planning period. September to
December are usually the wettest, while February and April are the driest. During the same
period, mean temperature ranged between a low of 23.4 to a high of 31.3 ºC, or an annual
average of 26.8 ºC.

Typhoons. Naga, as is the whole of Bicol Region, is susceptible to typhoons, lying in the usual
east-to-northwest path taken by these weather disturbances that regularly visit the Philippines.

5
(See Fig. 3.2.) Between 2005 and 2016, an average of 18 typhoons entered the Philippine area
of responsibility – from a high of 25 in 2013 to a low of 11 in 2010.

While most hardly caused material damage to the city, they remain a threat. In fact, 13 of the 16
strongest typhoons that hit the Philippines from 1947-2016 all passed through Bicol. (See Table
3.1.) Three of these took place between 2006 and 2016: “Reming” (Durian) on November 30,
2006, whose winds peaked at 320 kph; “Glenda” (Rammasun) on July 15, 2014, with maximum
winds of 215 kph; and “Nina” (Nock-Ten) on December 25, 2016, with maximum winds of 250
kph.

THE NAGA RIVER WATERSHED

The land area of Naga City

spans 8,448 hectares but its
watershed area is estimated
at only 5,445, part of which
extends beyond the city’s
territorial boundary. The
Naga River watershed
appears like an elongated
leaf with a pointed tip, lying
down along the east-west
axis; with its outlet oriented
almost due west and its tip
oriented almost due east.
Its widest portion is located
approximately one-third of
its total length reckoned
from its lowest portion
(mouth of the river). (See
Fig. 3.3.)

Slope. The slope of the

watershed varies: It is
relatively level from its
junction of the Bicol River
up to Barangay Carolina,
with very gentle slope below
18%. This starts to rise from
Barangay Carolina to
Panicuason to about 18%
slope. From the lowest
portion of Barangay
Panicuason, the slope
starts to rise quickly beyond
18% and up to more than Fig. 3.3. The Naga River Watershed
100% towards the peak to
Mt. Isarog. In terms of land

6
area, it is broken down as follows: 1-18%, 4,996 hectares; 18-38%, 519 hectares; and above
38%, 28 hectares.

Altitude. The lowest portion of the watershed is the outlet of the Naga River that empties into
the Bicol River. At its junction with the Bicol River, the riverbed is a little lower than sea level
inasmuch as it allows backflow of sea water into the lower portion of its river system (i.e., within
the urban area). At the boundary of Barangay Pacol and Carolina, the altitude is approximately
100 meters above sea level and about 350 meters at the boundary of Barangay Carolina and
Panicuason. Within the latter, it rises to approximately 1400 meters, until it reaches the highest
altitude of 1,966 meters above sea level at the peak of Mt. Isarog.

Land use. In 2000, land use was measured as follows: forestry, 547 hectares; agricultural,
3,812 hectares; built-up area, 958 hectares; water bodies, 55 hectares; and others, 73 hectares
for a total of 5,445. The main portion of the city is located in low and flat topography that is
frequently inundated by floods when water from the Naga and Bicol rivers overflow their banks.

The watershed boundary of Naga City River was delineated by tracing the topographic divide/
ridgeline using a NAMRIA topographic map. The boundary of watershed extends beyond the
administrative jurisdiction of Naga City. Specifically, it includes portion of barangay Tinangis of
the Municipality of Pili, and some parts of the Municipality of Goa in its eastern side. In
particular, the watershed is bounded in the north by the Municipality of Calabanga; in the south
by the Municipality of Pili; in the east by the Bicol River; and in the west by the Municipality of
Goa.

BIODIVERSITY AREAS
A study on Mt. Isarog Park’s management and effectiveness reported 60.7% in 2010 and 70%
in 2013, indicating an improvement in its management. There is an on-going biodiversity and
management survey for 2015. The status of wildlife in Mt. Isarog based on IUCN and Haribon
categories are as follows: Isarog shrew rat is vulnerable; whiskered pitta as nearly threatened
(Haribon) and Philippine cockatoo as critically endangered (Haribon).

The project not only supports forest conservation in 350 hectares but also the expansion of
wildlife habitat through ecological rejuvenation of the river banks and easement areas. These
actions improve water holding capacity and regulate water flows and carbon sequestration. The
City ENRO and the Mt. Isarog PAMB, together with academic partners Ateneo de Naga
University (ADENU) and the Central Bicol State University for Agriculture (CBSUA) continue to
monitor the endemic flora, fauna and wildlife species in the protected landscape.

There is an on-going assessment on the current status of Mt. Isarog by DENR. Environment
Protection is the highest expenditure of the project amounting to 26.42% of the total budget. Mt.
Isarog Natural Park is also being nominated as the 3rd biosphere reserve in the Philippines.

ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES ACCOUNTING

Environment and natural resource accounts (ENRA) of a given municipality will establish the
baseline conditions of its natural capital such as land, water, forest, coastal and marine
resources that will drive its local economy towards green growth. The physical accounts are
subjected to economic valuation to determine the direct and indirect values of the physical and
natural assets of a locality. The specific objectives of ENRA are the following:
7
 To determine in physical and economic terms the state of environment and natural
resources in the locality
 To analyze the impacts of climate change and natural disasters on ENR quality and quantity
depreciation
 To recommend strategies and measures to improve the status of ENR as a driver of the
local economy

The scope of Naga city’s ENRA covered the main economic drivers of the municipality, such as,
agriculture, forestry, water resources and municipal incomes. The other natural resources of
Naga city are equally important but due to lack of data, such natural resources as biodiversity
and renewable energy were not analyzed. The main data sources are from secondary sources,
namely, CLUP and CDP of Naga city, NAMRIA GIS for land cover (2003 and 2010) and the
PDPFP of Camarines Sur.

Land use account

The land cover/land use changes accounting in aggregate values for 2003 and 2010 for Naga
city are provided in Table 3.2.
 The total area of Annual crop in 2003 decreased by 58.35% in 2010.
 Built-up area increased in 2010 by 80.30%
 Forest park and reserve decreased in 2010 by 9.2%
 Total area of Perennial crop increased in 2010 by 41.44%
 Grasslands/shrubs decreased in 2010 by 31.38% reduction in size.

Summary of ENRA results

In the ENRA study, the total area planted rice, corn, sugarcane and abaca all posted a reduction
in size. (See Table 3.3 for the detailed breakdown.) The summary of findings are as follow:

 The decline in the area of agriculture is attributed mainly to the conversion of agriculture
land to urban uses considering the fact that Naga city is a growth center which is expected
to rapidly urbanize. The value of irrigated riceland production declined by 81% as a result
of the decreased in land area planted and yield.

 On the other hand, the area planted to corn also decreased but its yield per hectare
increased by 58% due to new corn varieties planted and improvement in extension
services. Thus, the value of production of corn increased by 36%.

 Forest cover in the watershed of Naga city declined due to kaingin. However, the
reforestation efforts in the Protected Areas (NIPAS) increased forest cover by about 12%
compensating for the lost in forest cover due to kaingin. The computed net increase in
value of the forest cover was P36 million or 14% for the period 2013 as baseline and 2015
as closing stock.

 Water supply connections increased by 32% in 2015 (closing account) compared to its
2013 figures (opening account). The groundwater of Naga is however over-extracted and
is projected to be depleted in the coming years. It was revealed in a study by LWUA
that the annual groundwater recharge was estimated at only 2.38 M cu. m. per year
while current extraction is at 4.79 cu. M. per year.

8
 Table 3.1. Most Intense Typhoons that Hit the Bicol Region, 1947-2006
Name Period of Occurrence Highest Wind Distance from
Speed Recorded Naga City
(in km/hr.) (in km.)
1. STY Reming (Durian) Nov 26 - Dec 1, 2006 320 15 - South
2. STY Sening (Joan) Oct 11 - 15, 1970 275 Direct Hit
3. STY Rosing (Angela) Oct 30 - Nov 4, 1995 260 40 - North
STY Anding (Irma) Nov 21 - 27, 1981 260 30 – NE
4. STY Nina Dec 20 - 28, 2016 250
STY Loleng (Babs) Oct 15 - 24, 1998 250 35 - NNE
5. STY Sisang (Nina) Nov 23 - 27, 1987 240 30 – SW
STY Saling (Dot) Oct 15 - 20, 1985 240 70 - North
STY Herming (Betty) Aug 7 - 14, 1987 240 70 - SSW
STY Yayang (Vera) Nov 04 - 07, 1979 240 90 – NE
6. TY Harriet Dec 28, 1959 - Jan 2, 1960 225 Direct Hit
7. TY Glenda July 9 - July 20, 2014 215
TY Trix Oct 16 - 23, 1952 215 22 - North
TY Unsang (Ruby) Oct 21 - 26, 1988 215 100 - NE
8. TY Warling (Orchid) Nov 17 - 27, 1983 205 180 - NE
TY Welming (Emma) Oct 31 - Nov 08, 1967 205 20 – SW
9. STY Yoling (Patsy) Nov 17 - 20, 1970 200 90 - North
10. STY Dindo (Nida) May 13 - 19, 2004 185 117 - ENE
STY Kading (Rita) Oct 25 - 27, 1978 185 90 - North
TY Huaning (Ruby) Jun 22 - Jul 2, 1976 185 70 – NE
11. TY Milenyo (Xangsane) Sep 25 - 30, 2006 180 30 – SW
12. TY Dinang (Lee) Dec 23 - 28, 1981 175 60 - South
TY Yoning (Skip) Nov 3 - 12, 1988 175 150 – SW
13. TY Monang (Lola) Dec 2 - 7, 1993 170 35 - North
14. TY Didang (Olga) May 12 - 27, 1976 150 200 - North
TY Fran Dec 27, 1950 - Jan 1, 1951 150 30 - North
TY Jean Dec 22 - 29, 1947 150 Direct Hit
15. TY Unding (Muifa) Nov 14 - 21, 2004 130 5-10 - East
TY Konsing (Ora) Jun 23 - 25, 1972 130 20 – SW
TY Bebeng (Vera) Jul 12 - 16, 1983 130 30 – SW
16. TY Saling (Dan) Oct 6 - 13, 1989 120 15 – SW
Source: Weather Philippines Foundation Inc.

9
Table 3.2. Naga City Aggregate Land Cover/Land Use Changes from 2003 to 2010

Table 3.3. Summary of Physical and Economic Accounts of Naga City: 2013-2015
ENR Opening Stock (2013) Closing Stock (2015) Changes (%)
Volume of Economic Volume of Economic Physical Economic
prodn (MT) value (PhP) prodn (MT) value (PhP) Account Account
Agriculture
Irrigated rice 23,470.72 436,391,097.00 5,526.88 81,455,157.44 (76.40) (81.33)
Rainfed rice 141.05 2,203,906.25 ND ND ND ND
Paddy rice 30.00 PhP468,750.00 ND ND ND ND
Corn 3,108.10 128,294,318.88 6,403.67 201,795,902.28 106.03 57.29
Livestock & No. of Heads No. of Heads
Poultry
Cow 211.00 2,532,000.00 600.00 7,200,000.00 184.36 184.36
Carabao 2.00 7,400.00 150.00 2,025,000.00 7,400 27,264
Swine 1,523.00 7,310,400.00 2,500.00 12,000,000.00 64.14 64.14
Poultry 294.00 17,640,000.00 300 17,640,000.00 18,000,000.00
Fisheries 77.00mt 87,780,000.00 ND ND ND ND
Domestic Daily Daily
water supply consumption consumption
cu.m. cu.m.
Residential 24.51 254,479.63 24.19 251,157.17 (1.30) (1.30)
Commercial 54.55 566,375.51 53.55 555,992.86 (1.8) (1.8)
Industrial ND ND ND ND ND ND
Institutional 110.62 1,148,532.00 166.70 1,730,793.71 50.69 50.69
Forest 564ha 250,076,000 644ha 286,052,000 14.18 14.38

10
Chapter 3
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

This chapter provides highlights of the results and findings of assessment studies which
include the following: 1) climate change projections and potential future impacts; 2) hazard
exposure assessment, 3) climate change vulnerability assessment, and 4) GHG inventory. Its
focus is on the most critical barangays, population, physical and natural assets exposed to
various hydro- meteorological and geological hazards presently and potentially affecting
the city. Equally given emphasis are the impacts of climate change in the six development
sectors, namely: health, water resources, transportation, forestry, coastal and marine
resources and agriculture sector. Assessments on HEA and CCVA were conducted both at
the barangay and city level while the GHG inventory and LGU Capacity assessment were
conducted at the city level.

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO

Precipitation/Temperature Change

It is projected that the

temperature of Camarines Sur,
in which Naga City is a part,
during the summer season will
increase by 1.1ºC for 2020 and
by 2.2ºC by 2020. There shall
be longer El Nino spells. (Fig.
3.4)

Rainfall change. Rainfall is

projected to decrease by almost
15% during the summer months
of March, April and May for
2020 and by 25% for 2050. The
projected highest rainfall
increase is 9.5% during the
rainy months of June, July and Figure 3.4. Projected Temperature (2020), Naga City
August for 2020 and by 16.5%
for 2050. This means that
Camarines Sur including Naga City will suffer more from heat stress and drought during the
summer months for the years 2020 and 2050 while the province will experience more rainfall
during the months of June, July and August for the two projected years. (See Table 3.4.)

The frequency of rainfall with greater than 300mm is projected at 4 days by 2020 and 11
days by 2050 which are much higher than the baseline observed value of only 1 day. This
simply means more flooding days by 2020 which will further double by 2050. The number of
dry days will decrease to 3,698 by 2020 and by 3,811 by 2050 from the observed baseline of
6,219 days. This means that Camarines Sur will have longer wet days than dry days in the
near and distant future but with extreme El Nino spells.
Sea rising level. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said the Philippines posted
the highest average increase in sea levels, at 60 cms, against the global average of 19 cms
since the year 1901. As Naga is in the mouth of Bicol River basin, the overflow coming
from the Bicol River tributaries results to increase frequency and depth of flooding including
the nearby towns downstream of Naga River.

Extreme events. From 1948-2009 or for a total period of 61 years, Camarines Sur recorded a
total of 114 tropical cyclones. Out of the 114 tropical cyclones recorded, 1 is considered as
super typhoon, 56 typhoons, 35 tropical storms and 23 tropical depressions. On the average,
the province experienced 2 tropical cyclones per year or 1 typhoon every year. The month of
October had the most number of tropical cyclones with 26 occurrences and the months of
February and April had the least with one occurrence each. From a range of 1 to 10 – 10 being
the most vulnerable – Naga City got a score of 6.10 (WWF and BPI Foundation). It is second
to Tacloban City (6.74) in being the city most vulnerable to climate change.

ELEMENTS, SECTORS AND INSTITUTIONS

EXPOSED TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

Under Hazard
Exposure
Assessment (HEA),
existing hazards in
the city and their
potential future
threats are
examined
considering not only
hydro-
meteorological but
also geological
hazards that are of
major concern to
the local
governments
(Figure 3.5).

The assessment
centered on
barangays, Figure 3.5. Hazards Affecting Naga City
population, physical
and natural assets that are exposed at varying degrees to different natural hazards.

Barangays exposed to various hazards

 Flooding. Seventeen of the 27 barangays or 63% of the total number of barangays in the
city have 90-100% of their area exposed to flooding.

 Landslide: On the other hand, only six out of the 27 barangays are exposed to landslides.
These barangays include: Cararayan, Carolina, Del Rosario, Pacol, Panicuason, and San
Isidro. The total area exposed to landslides comprises only 4% of the total area of the city.

12
 Two barangays in the city registered high exposure to erosion, namely: Panicuason (100%
of the barangay’s total area); and Carolina (98%). About 32% of the city’s total land area is
exposed to slight erosion and 7% to moderate erosion.

 Liquefaction. About 11% of the total land area of the city is exposed to liquefaction. Most
of these liquefaction prone areas are located on the western end of the city. Twelve
barangays have their whole land area (100%) exposed to liquefaction.

Population exposed to various hazards

 Flooding. About
61% of the total
population of the
city is affected by
flooding of different
depths. Seventeen
of the 27
barangays in Naga
city have more
than 90% of their
total population
exposed to floods.
These barangays
include Abella;
Bagumbayan
Norte;
Bagumbayan Sur;
Calauag;
Dayangdang;
Dinaga; Igualdad Figure 3.6. Population Exposed to Various Hazards, Naga City
Interior; Lerma;
Liboton; Mabulo; Penafrancia; Sabang; Sta. Cruz; Tabuco; Tinago; Triangulo; and San
Francisco.

 Landslide. Of the total population of the city, less than one percent is exposed to
landslides. Six barangays which were found to be exposed to landslides are: Cararayan;
Carolina; Del Rosario; Pacol; Panicuason; and San Isidro. All these barangays have less
than 1% of their total population exposed to landslides except Panicuason, which has 27%
of its population exposed to landslides.

 Liquefaction. Forty-one percent (41%) of the total population of the city is exposed to
liquefaction. The 13 barangays with 90 - 100% of their total area prone to liquefaction
include: Abella (100%); Bagumbayan Sur (100%); Calauag (100%); Dinaga (100%);
Igualdad Interior (100%); Liboton (100%); Sabang (99.97%); Mabulo (99.84%); San
Francisco (99.78%); Sta. Cruz (99.73%); Lerma (97.71%); Bagumbayan Norte (99.70%);
and Penafrancia (96.14%). Population exposed to various hazards such as flood, landslide
and erosion is depicted in Figure 3.6.

 Flooding. Seventeen of the 27 barangays or 63% of the total number of barangays in the
city have 90-100% of their area exposed to flooding.

13
Physical assets of barangays exposed to hazards

Physical facilities exposed to flooding were identified and counted to be 73 in all. These
facilities include food/store (14); Hospital/Clinic/Pharmacy (9); Government facilities (6); Police
station (5); Motel/Hotel (8); Bank (9); Church (6); Gas Station (6); Tourist Attraction/Recreation
(7); Bus Station/Stop/Repair (2); and Train Station (1). A total of 50 physical assets are also
exposed to liquefaction. Others are as follows:

 Four bridges in the

city are exposed to
flooding. These
bridges are located
in Liboton, San
Francisco, Igualdad
Interior, and Tabuco.
These bridges are
also exposed to
liquefaction.

 The city has 46

schools located in 17
barangays that are
exposed to flooding.
On the other hand,
24 schools located in
10 barangays are
exposed to Figure 3.7 Physical Assets Exposed to Various Hazards, Naga City
liquefaction.

 Of the total length of roads exposed to all types of hazards (i.e., flood, erosion and
landslide), about 27% are exposed to flooding. Roads exposed to landslides are located in
only two barangays in the city: Cararayan and Panicuason. In addition, about 21 km or 7%of
the roads in the city is exposed to liquefaction.

Figure 3.7 depicts the physical assets located in different barangays which are exposed to
various hazards.

Land uses exposed to hazards

Total built-up areas exposed to various flooding depths comprise about 8% of the total city
area. Of the total built-up areas exposed to flooding, about 8% is susceptible to deep floods of
more than 1.5m depth. Three barangays are considered critical since more than 75% of their
total built-up areas prone to floods are susceptible to deep flooding. These barangays are:
Dinaga (82%); Mabulo (79%) and Tabuco (77%).

About 2,252 hectares of agricultural areas in the city that are planted to annual and perennial
crops are exposed to flooding of various depths. Of the total agricultural areas that are exposed
to flooding, 15% is affected by deep floods of more than 1.5m depth. Two barangays

14
registered the largest proportion of agricultural areas that are exposed to deep flooding:
Tabuco with 84% of its agricultural areas affected; and Mabulo with 74% affected.

SUMMARY FINDINGS OF VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

(EXPOSURE, SENSITIVITY AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY)

Sectoral CCVA Assessment, Health Sector

Diarrhea/diarrheal diseases. Twelve of the 27 barangays in Naga City have moderate

vulnerability to a diarrhea outbreak. These include Mabolo, Tabuco. Triangulo, Abella,
Bagumbayan Sur, Dayangdang, Igualdad Interior, Sabang, Santa Cruz, Tinago, Lerma, and
Bagumbayan Norte, with the rest of the barangays having low vulnerability to a diarrhea
outbreak. All barangays with moderate susceptibility to a diarrhea outbreak have the highest
proportion of total population residing in flood-susceptible areas at > 60% to 80%

Dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever. Twenty-three (23) barangays in Naga City have
moderate vulnerability to an outbreak of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever while four,
namely Carolina, Dinaga, Panicuason, and Penafrancia have low vulnerability. The observed
gradient in the vulnerability of barangays to a dengue fever outbreak can be explained – in
part – by differences in sensitivity to the given climate change impact. In particular, barangays
with low vulnerability to an outbreak of dengue fever / dengue hemorrhagic fever are among
the barangays with the lowest susceptibility to flooding (< 0.1 meter), and the lowest
proportion of total population residing in flood-susceptible areas.

Leptospirosis. Mabulo and Tabuco have moderate vulnerability while the rest of the
barangays having low vulnerability to a leptospirosis outbreak. The observed gradient in the
vulnerability of barangays to a leptospirosis outbreak can be explained – in part – by
differences in sensitivity to the given climate change impact. In particular, Mabolo and Tabuco
have the highest susceptibility levels to flooding (>1.5 meters) among barangays in Naga City.

Sectoral CCVA Assessment, Water Resources Sector

Drought. Overall, Naga City’s water resources are moderately vulnerable to drought. Forest
cover and land use attributes are factors that increase the drought susceptibility wherein, the
built-up area is increasing in all directions from the center of the city. On the average,
sixteen (16) barangays have built up area of 11 to 30% of the total land area while 31 to >50%
of the total land area is already building up in eleven (11) barangays.

Flood. The water resources of Naga City is moderately vulnerable to flood with two
barangays qualifying under the “high vulnerable” category: Mabolo and Triangulo. Both were
found to have the largest portion of their total area (more than 90%) under the high inundation
zones. Barangays that belong to higher limit of moderately vulnerability include Dayangdang,
Dinaga, Igualdad Interior, Lerma, Sabang, San Francisco, Tabuco and Tinago. Barangay
Penafrancia has no apparent flooding. However, its settlements and communities are located
along or adjacent to the Bicol and Naga rivers thereby making it moderately vulnerable to
floods. Panicuason registered the lowest vulnerable area to flooding mainly because 89% of its
total area is located in rolling to hilly terrain. A review of the flood inundation maps would show
that deep flooding would occur in the western portion of Naga City in the vicinity of Bicol and
Naga rivers.

15
Sectoral CCVA Assessment, Transportation

Flooding. All of the city’s roads, which include primary roads situated in its western part,
are vulnerable to flooding. Historically, the eastern portion, which part covers Mt. Isarog, is not
prone to flooding. Within the sub-watershed, the city proper is located in the downstream area
making it highly sensitive and exposed to inundation as water flows westward from eastern
uplands. Roads in the following 7 barangays have high vulnerability to flooding based on the
flood model results conducted by the Project: Cararayan; Carolina; Mabulo; Pacol; San Isidro;
San Felipe; and Triangulo. The rest of the 20 barangays in the city have moderate vulnerability
to floods.

Landslide. Generally, the whole city is not susceptible to landslides except for barangays
Carolina and Panicuason. Some road segments in the following five (5) barangays are highly
vulnerable to landslides: Cararayan; Carolina; Pacol; Panicuason; and San Isidro. The other 22
barangays have their road segments moderately vulnerable to landslides.

Liquefaction. Naga City has low to moderate vulnerability to liquefaction. Except for strips of
land around the town and within Barangay Carolina, the city is less vulnerable to liquefaction.
Historically, only one fifth of the city or the entire town proper, is susceptible to liquefaction. The
land area outside the city proper and going eastward to Mt. Isarog, is not prone to liquefaction.
Seven barangays have road segments with moderate vulnerability to liquefaction: Balatas;
Calauag; Carolina; Concepcion Pequeña; San Felipe; Tabuco; and Triangulo. The other 20
barangays have low vulnerability to liquefaction. Overall, the road segment with highest
vulnerability to liquefaction belongs to Triangulo, a barangay that is historically prone to the
hazard.

Sectoral CCVA Assessment, Forestry sector

The barangays that were identified to harbor forests are Carolina, Pacol, Panicuason and
San Isidro. The forestry sector of Naga City is composed of the forestry areas in the Mt. Isarog
National Park (MINP) that are inside the administrative boundaries of the city. This consists of
484.02 hectares of closed broad leaved forest and 8.87 hectares of communal forest. The
sector also includes the areas consisting of strips in river banks planted to trees and are part
of the National Greening Project of the city. The findings are as follows:

 Erosion. The forests of all the four barangays (Carolina, Pacol, Panicuason and San
Isidro) have moderate level of overall vulnerability to soil erosion. All the forests of the four
barangays were rated to have moderate vulnerability to erosion.

 Flooding. Except for Barangay Panicuason, which has a low vulnerability to flooding, the
other three forested barangays are moderately vulnerable to flooding when the rivers and
tributaries traversing them swell and overflow.

 Landslide. The overall vulnerabilities to landslides of the forestry sector of the four
barangays are moderate in Pacol, Panicuason and San Isidro. Carolina forestry sector has
a high vulnerability to landslide.

 Drought. All four barangays (Carolina, Pacol, Panicuason and San Isidro) have
high vulnerability to drought based on projected rainfall volume.

16
 Wildfire. Barangays Carolina and Pacol have moderate vulnerability to wildfire while Pacol
and Panicuason have low vulnerability to wildfire.

Sectoral CCVA Assessment, Agriculture sector

Naga City remains primarily an agricultural community. Of the city’s total land area of 8,448
has, around 4,550 (54%) is devoted to agriculture and the sector employs 14 percent of the
total households. Eleven of the city’s 27 barangays are crop production areas. These
barangays include: Carolina (Upland/Hilly); San Isidro (Upland/Hilly); Cararayan; Pacol
(Upland/Hilly); Panicuason (Upland/Hilly); San Felipe; Mabolo; Balatas; Concepcion
Grande; Del Rosario; and Concepcion Pequeña.

Floods, Drought, Typhoons, Soil Erosion and Pests and Diseases. All the eleven 11
agriculture crop areas, namely: Carolina (Upland/Hilly); San Isidro (Upland/Hilly);
Cararayan; Pacol (Upland/Hilly); Panicuason (Upland/Hilly); San Felipe; Mabolo; Balatas;
Concepcion Grande; Del Rosario; and Concepcion Pequeña are moderately vulnerable to
flood, drought, typhoon, soil erosion and pests and diseases.

GHG EMISSION ASSESSMENT

Summary of findings

The rapid urbanization of the city has raised the

concern on its GHG Emission. A community-
based GHG Assessment conducted in 2015
highlights the following Summary of Major
Findings:

 Total emissions of Naga City including the

LUCF sector amounted to 246,640.13
tons. The Energy and Transportation
sectors contributed almost the same amount
in the city’s total emissions. Figure 3.8. Carbon Emission of the Different
Sectors in Naga
 About 36% of the total emissions came
from the Energy sector while around 35% was contributed by the Transportation sector.
The Energy sector had an emission of 89,760.04 tons while the transportation sector
contributed 86,776 tons.

 Ranking third among the sectors was the Waste sector with an emission of 46,288 tons of
CO 2 or 19% of the total emissions. Following the Waste sector was the Agriculture sector
which contributed about 21,632.70 tons or 8.77% of the total emissions. Results indicate
that Naga City has small area allotted to crop production and has few livestock. LUCF
which contributed 0.89% of the total emissions of Naga City had a total emission of 2,183
tons CO2. (See Fig. 3.8).

17
Net emission

Considering the amount of carbon absorbed by the LUCF sector of Naga City (9,501.47 tons
CO2), the net carbon emission of Naga City is 237,138.66 tons. Results show that the LUCF
sector of Naga City is not large enough to offset the carbon emission of the City. The
estimated per capita emission of CO2 equivalent for the city is 1.4. This per capita value is
almost double than the World Bank estimated standard value of 0.7tons CO2e per capita.

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

Natural Hazards, such as typhoons, flooding, land instability, earthquakes, urban fires and
conflagration, power failure, have the potential to cause environmental, social economic loss
through damage to habitation, life line facilities, and infrastructure. Land uses that fail to
recognize the areas prone to hazard risks are not sustainable and can cause communities and
the environment unnecessary harm or damages especially to the business community.
Communities need to be developed in a sustainable manner by insuring a close linkage
between hazard mitigation, comprehensive land use planning that focus on future land uses and
climate change adaptation.

Guide to action

Although disasters will be basically felt at the barangay level, it is important to build confidence
and self-reliance at the barangay level, which can be best effected through timely, supportive
and planned interventions by the city government.

A Counter-Disaster Plan is an understanding of the causes of disaster, anticipating its effects to

constituents and their environment, knowing the counter measures to prevent or lessen the
consequences and applying the appropriate measures effectively. Only a sustained effort and
preparedness can make a disaster management plan effective socially acceptable.

The city’s Risk and Hazard Maps, developed by the EDP-GIS unit, were updated by DRRM
personnel to suit up with the current state of city’s development plan. This includes the study on
the state of the Naga River where barangays are situated that were prone to flooding. Flood
hazard maps were developed as well as the population at risk was determined, hence,
infrastructural mitigation were developed to minimize the effect of the flooding.

Institutional arrangements

This multi-hazard approach in disaster risk reduction and management, proposes that all
agencies and departments with their disaster specific functions come under a single umbrella of
control and directions to attend to all kinds of disasters, thus understanding and implementing
the pre-defined Incident Command System will be followed all along.

The existing arrangements have strengthened this administrative arrangement, with the City
Mayor as ground commander being the LDRRMC chairman. He is being supported by the
Executive Officer of the Local Disaster Emergency Operations Center (DEOC) at City Hall. The
objective is to have a simplified and uncluttered system of disaster response.

The Disaster Emergency Operation Center (DEOC). The Disaster Emergency Operation
Center is the center of the operation during a disasters or even during normal times. The

18
structure of the DEOC can expand or contract depending on the disaster situation. This is
located at the Naga City Public Safety Office where the Central Communications Center is
located, that also serves as the Command Center.

The primary function of DEOC is to implement the NDRRM Plan, which includes coordination,
operations management, data collection, record keeping, public information, resource
management and proposed project to the chairman of the Public Safety Committee for policy
development.

The DEOC, its systems and procedures are designed in such a way that information can be
promptly assessed and relayed to concerned parties. Rapid dissemination contributes to a
faster response and effective decision-making during an emergency. As the master coordination
and control point for all counter-disaster efforts, the DEOC is the center for decision making
under a unified command. In a disaster situation, the DEOC will come under the direct control of
the chief executive. Or any person designated by him as the chief of operations.

The usual activities of the DEOC will be to:

 Ensure that all barangays continue to regularly update the BDRRM Plan and encourage
them to prepare specific plans for areas prone to specific disasters;
 Continue identify and interact with the Government departments/agencies, laboratories,
research institutions and NGO’s to evolve mitigation strategies and set-up study groups and
task forces for specific vulnerability studies.
 Serve as the data bank and ensure that mitigation strategies are planned and implemented;
 Upgrade and update the city DRRM Plan according to the changing situation of the city, and
its development trend;
 Disseminate the information about the city DRRM Plan to other departments of the city
government and barangay level.
 Organize damage assessment and needs assessment and update the city DRRM Plan
accordingly;
 Ensure that the warning and communication systems and instruments in the DEOC are in
working conditions.
 Ensure that all emergency rescue equipment and personnel are all ready for deployment at
any given time and situation.

On the receipt of the warning or alert from any agency which is competent to issue such
warning, all community preparedness measures including counter-disaster measures will be put
into operation. The chief executive will assume the role of the chief of operations for disaster
management with the aid of the DRRM Officer.

The occurrence of disaster would essentially bring into force the following:
1. The DEOC will be on full alert.
2. The DEOC can expand to include agencies/Office with responsibilities for specific tasks.
3. An on-going UHF RADIO 406.3000 Mhz. will be used for radio communication, wireless
communication and hotline contact with the PNP 166, BFP 160, and Ambulance, BMC
OPCEN, will be the contact numbers of the DEOC for the dispatch of their personnel, fire
trucks and ambulances and other emergency equipment.
4. The DEOC will implement THE HELP LINE 3000 (472-3000, 811-3000, 478-3000) for the
use of the key agencies involved in disaster management to be backed up with a mobile
cellular number and a VHF communications facility.
5. The DEOC will implement and use an Incident Command System for its operation.

19
Agencies/Offices Primarily Responsible in Addressing a Threat. Helping the DEOC are
the following agencies:
 City Mayors Office (DRRMC, City Disaster Management Services)
 The Naga City Public Safety Office
 Naga City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
 Bureau of Fire Protection / Naga City Central Fire Station/BFP SRU/EMS
 Department of Education/ Pre Determined Evacuation Centers
 Naga City Hospital/Emergency Rescue Naga
 Philippine National Police / Naga City Police Office
 Philippine National Police/ MARITIME Group
 City Health Office/ Center for Decease Prevention and Surveillance
 City Social Welfare and Development Office- Relief Operations
 City Agriculturist Office
 City Engineers Office
 Philippine National Red Cross
 Naga City Peoples Council
 Camarines Sur Medical Society/Philippine College of Surgeon
 KABALIKAT NAGA CENTRAL/Emergency Communications System

A set of protocols for pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis action plans have been adopted by the City
Government to guide its efforts in times of disasters.

20
Table 3.4. Frequency Table for 1-day Rainfall (mm) based on Observed Values (1951-2010) and
Projected for 2020 (2006-2035): Camarines Sur

21
Chapter 4
POPULATION AND SOCIAL PROFILE
This chapter summarizes the demographic and social context of Naga City as key inputs in
characterizing the current realities underpinning the CLUP.

DEMOGRAPHY

Population count and trends.

The 2015 Census by the Fig. 3.9. Projected Population, 2020 -50
Philippine Statistics Authority
(PSA) puts Naga’s population at 600,000 1.80% 2.30% 2.91%
196,003. This is an increase of 500,000
21,072 inhabitants over the 2010
total of 174,931, making Naga the 400,000
fastest growing city in Bicol in 300,000
terms of population. This
200,000
translates to a 2.3% annual
population growth rate, lower 100,000
than the 2.91% registered
-
between 2007 and 2010.

Of the total, 49% are male while

51% are female. The latter’s
share has been steadily growing: in 1995, there were only 95 females for every 100 male
population; in 2010, there were already 104 females for every 100 males.

In 2015, the city’s household population reached 42,152, higher by 6,223 compared to the
35,929 recorded in 2010, yielding an average household size of 4.61, lower than the 4.84
recorded five years back. By comparison, there were 5.20 persons per household in 2000.
These mean there are around 5 persons in the average Nagueño family over the last 15 years.

By 2030, the city’s population is projected to hover between a low of 256,028 to a high of
301,3001. (Fig. 3.9.) If the current 2.3% growth rate is maintained, Naga’s population will reach
273,715 by 2030. (See Tables 3.5 and 3.6.)

Age-sex structure. Naga is a city of young people. Children and the youth (those aged 24 and
below) comprise more than half (54%) of the total population. More than a quarter (29%) is of
school age, with preschoolers accounting for 4%, elementary 12% and secondary 13% of the
total.2 While males make up 52% of the total school-age population in the lower years, the
situation is equalized at the secondary level with males and females each getting 50%. (See
Table 3.7)

1The low-growth scenario is based on an annual population growth of 1.80% recorded between 1991-
2000. The high-growth scenario is based on a 2.91% annual growth recorded between 2007-2010.
2 This is further broken down into 9% for junior high school (Grades 7-10) and 4% (Grades 11-12) under
the new K-12 curriculum.
Population density. Based on PSA standards,
Naga is 100% urban. At 2,320 residents per sq Fig. 3.10. The OF Sector in Naga
km as of 2015, up from 1,631 per sq km 15 years Non-OFs Female Male
ago, it remains the most densely populated city in
Bicol using a land area of 84.48 sq kms as base.3
10.1%
Naga has a total of 27 barangays of varying
sizes. In terms of population, Dinaga is the 83.7% 16.3%
smallest with 456 inhabitants as of 2015 while
6.2%
Concepcion Pequeña is the largest with 23,577.
In terms of land area, Lerma is the smallest with
5.1 hectares while Carolina is the biggest with
1,777. Lerma is also the densest at 461 persons Non-OFs Temporary Permanent
per hectare while Panicuason is the least dense
at only 2 persons per hectare. (See Table 3.8.)

Migration. In 1990, 39% of the city’s population 11.0%

were considered migrants. In the 2007 Ateneo de
Naga University SSRC survey, 43% of city 83.7% 16.3%
residents are born in Naga, 38% are from
Camarines Sur, 9% are from other Bikol 5.3%
provinces, and 11% from outside Bikol. Their
average length of stay in Naga is 28 years.

The pace of migration has remained largely the same between 2000 and 2010. Only 5% (2010)
to 6.7% (2000) of the household population aged five years old and above moved their place of
residence: almost all (between 93.3 to 95%) stayed in Naga. In 2010, 2.8% moved in from
other cities or towns of Camarines Sur, 2% from other provinces, and 0.2% percent from other
countries.

According to OWWA data, there were around 2,155 overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) who are
from Naga in 2016; after adjustments, it is estimated that around 8.5% of the city household
population have an OFW member. The city’s CBMS data for 2011 and 2015 place their number
between 6.5 to 6.8%. Both are higher than the 2015 PSA data placing the share of Bikolano
OFWs to the Philippine total at only 3.1%.

The OWWA and CBMS figures, however, are closer to results of the 2014 ASSRC survey which
says that 16.3% of the city’s household population have a family member abroad. (Fig. 3.10.)
The same survey said that 61.8% of these international migrants are female while 38.2% are
male. Moreover, two of every three (67.6%) are Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) working
abroad, while 32.3% have permanently migrated or Overseas Filipinos (OFs).

Poverty incidence. According to NSCB estimates, the official figures used by government,
poverty incidence in Naga reached 15.7% in 2012, an improvement over the 16.6% registered
in 2006 and the 24.4% in 2009.

3
This document will use 84.48 sq. kms as Naga’s land area, consistent with the Philippine Geographic
Standard Code (PGSC) reflected in the PSA website. This is notwithstanding the reduced 77 sq, kms
measure put forward by the Land Management Bureau of the DENR in 2013, which is under review.

23
To more fully capture the extent of poverty, these official figures are supplemented by two other
data sets. One is the self-rated poverty data generated through the annual Naga City Poverty
and Governance Public Opinion Poll conducted by the Ateneo de Naga Social Science
Research Center. Over the last few years, there has been a significant downtrend in the
number of people saying they are poor: from a high of 62% in 2007, it went down to 48% in
2013, 42% in 2014 and 43.5% in 2015.

The other source are official data generated through the Community Based Monitoring System
(CBMS), a survey conducted by the city government every three years. In 2015, the CBMS
identified a total of 10,872 households (33.4%) as income poor. This means at least 1 in every 3
households has no significant income to satisfy its basic food and non-food needs. Income
poverty is highest in Carolina (49.4%) and Concepcion Pequeña (1,291 households).

SOCIAL SERVICES

Education. As a center of education in Bicol, Naga offers quality education from preschool to
graduate courses. In 2016, its educational institutions, including city and barangay-operated
SEED Montessori and Educare centers which provide preschool training, totaled 283. Of these,
162 are public and 121 private. The figure is 56% higher than the 2009 level, driven by both the
private sector which grew by 75% and the public sector which grew by 45%. (Fig. 3.11.)

Preschool. Both government and the private sector in Naga provide preschool services.
Barangay Educare centers (including its flagship SEED schools) increased to 93 from only 27 in
1987. All Educare centers provide Montessori-type instruction to preschoolers as a result of a
city government program aimed at strengthening early child education and development. The
city’s Educare centers are mentored by 86 well-trained teachers. Complementing them are 45
privately-owned schools that provide similar services through their kindergarten classes.

For school year

2016-17, their Fig 3.11. Number of Public Schools in Naga
combined City
enrolment reached
9,110, which is 11%
Grand Total 283
Total Private 121
higher than the Tech Voc 8
8,212 recorded in Tertiary 9
2009. Against the Secondary 12
projected preschool Elementary 47
age (3-5 years old)
Preschools 45
population of 7,884, Total Public 162
it also translates to Tech Voc 2
a 116% Tertiary 1
participation rate, Secondary 8
which indicates that Elementary 29
Preschools 29
16% of preschool EduCare 93
enrollees are non-
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
city residents.

Elementary. Elementary education is provided by 29 public and 47 private schools. For school
year 2016-17, public elementary schools recorded a total of 29,546 enrollees while private
schools had 6,105 for a total of 30,651. Against the projected elementary school age (6-12

24
years old) population of 22,900, this translates to a 134% participation rate, substantially higher
than the 111% recorded in 2009. This indicates that about one-third of enrollees in the local
elementary school system are non-city residents.

Secondary. Secondary education is provided by 8 public and 12 private schools. For school
year 2016-17, public secondary schools accommodated 16,491 enrollees while private schools
welcomed 8,917 for a total of 25,408. The total is 40% higher than the enrolment in 2009.
Meanwhile, enrolment in public schools grew by 29% while private schools grew by 67% during
the same period. Against the projected high school age (13-16) population of 16,808, this
translates to a 151% participation rate, significantly higher than the 118% participation rate
recorded in 2009. More importantly, these data include enrolment of non-city residents, which
mask access issues at the secondary school level.

Tertiary. Naga City has 10 schools at the tertiary level, eight of which are privately-owned and
two – the Bicol State College of Applied Science and Technology (BISCAST) and the City
College of Naga – are state-owned. These institutions offer various courses ranging from 2-year
secretarial course to a 4 to 5-year academic degree course such as nursing, engineering, law,
arts and sciences. They also offer graduate and post-graduate courses. For school year 2016-
17, their combined enrolment reached 27,412, which is 56% higher than the 17,539 recorded in
2009.

Technical-Vocational. Students who cannot afford formal college education usually avail of
courses offered by 10 technical-vocational (TechVoc) schools in the city, eight of which are
privately-owned. Courses offered vary from care giving to basic computer operations. For
school year 2016-17, their combined enrolment reached 1,088.

Health. As of 2016,
Naga is home to a Fig. 3.12. Hospitals and Bed Capacity in Naga City
total of eight
hospitals and Total 909
infirmary, three of Our Lady of Lourdes Infirmary 12
which are Dr. Nilo Roa Foundation Hospital 30
government-owned
with the rest private.
St. John Hospital 60
The three Naga Imaging Center Cooperative Hospital 99
government health Bicol Access Health Centrum 26
facilities are the Mother Seton Hospital 150
500-bed Bicol
Medical Center Naga City Hospital 32
(BMC) along Bicol Medical Center 500
Panganiban
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Avenue, the 32-bed
Naga City Primary
Hospital in Peñafrancia Avenue, and the 12-bed Our Lady of Lourdes Infirmary in Barangay
Carolina, the latter two owned and operated by the Naga City Government. (Fig. 3.12.)

On the other hand, the five private hospitals – Mother Seton Hospital, Bicol Access Health
Centrum, Naga Imaging Center Cooperative (NICC), St. John Hospital and
Dr. Nilo Roa Foundation Hospital – have a combined 365 beds. Together with the government
hospitals’ 544, it brings Naga's total number of hospital beds to 909. This translates to a bed-to-
population ratio of 1:4,617, lower than to the standard ratio of 1:2,000.

25
In addition, there are 139 clinics in the city, 109 of which are medical and 28 dental. The number
of physicians and dentists practicing their profession reached 302 and 76, respectively, which
translate to a ratio of 1.5 physicians per 1,000 and 0.4 dentist per 1,000 population. Against the
standard of 1 physician and 1 dentist per 20,000 population, this means that Naga has more
than enough physicians and dentists to serve its residents.

Housing. Based on the 2010 Census, there were 35,210 housing units in the city, 37% higher
than the 25,674 recorded in 2000. At an annual average increase of 3.7%, it means that house
construction grew at a faster clip than the city’s population growth. Of these 77% were single
houses, 13% were multi-unit residences (apartments, rowhouses, condominiums, townhouses),
9% duplex-type, and the remaining 1% were institutional living quarters, other housing units,
and commercial, industrial and agricultural buildings being used for dwelling. (Fig. 3.13.)
Compared to the previous survey, there was a marked shift towards multi-unit and duplex-type
residences (which increased by 3 percentage points each) from single houses over the last 10
years.

The same survey showed that 88% of the housing units had outer walls and 87% had roofing
made of strong materials – a 5 and 9 percentage-point improvement over the previous period,
respectively. Moreover, 80% of the housing units do not need repair, or if at all only needs minor
repairs (8 percentage points better). More than 4 of every 5 units (86%) were built within the last
30 years (up by 7 percentage points over the previous survey), with a third (35%) built only in
the last 10 years, again indicating a robust pace of house construction in the city. (See Table
3.9.)

The PSA survey results tally with findings of the 2015 CBMS survey conducted by the city
government, which shows that a total of 2,030 out of 32,509 households (6.2%) were reported
to be living in makeshift houses. This is lower compared to the 8.4% recorded in 2011. In
addition, only 830 households out of the same total (2.6%) were considered informal settlers.
The PSA survey places those staying rent-free without consent of owner at 9%.

Most of the new housing

stock in the city were built in Fig. 3.13. Housing Units by Type, Naga City
the 52 subdivisions covering
a combined area of 320.39 Single House
hectares that were issued
development permits by the Duplex
City Government since 2000
and completed over the last 9% 1% Multi-unit Residential
14 years. (See Table 3.10.) 13%
1% 0%
0% Commercial/ Industrial/
On the other hand, 77% Agricultural
according to the Naga City 0%
Disaster Mitigation Plan, Institutional Living
Quarters
areas that are considered
danger zones for housing Other Housing Unit
are those located along the
Naga and Bicol Rivers and
those areas that are
perennially flooded during heavy rains and typhoons. Severely flooded areas, which cover
approximately 60 hectares, can be found in low-lying parts of barangays Abella, Calauag,

26
Dayangdang, Igualdad Interior, Peñafrancia, Sabang, San Francisco, Sta. Cruz, Triangulo and
Tinago. Records of the Housing and Settlements Development Office (HSDO) also indicate that
about 55% of urban poor families covered by its Kaantabay sa Kauswagan (KSK) Program are
located in these flood-prone barangays.

To address the needs of Naga's urban poor, the city government has been implementing the
Naga Kaantabay sa Kauswagan (KSK) program which focuses on helping urban poor
communities obtain security of tenure either by helping them acquire their homelots on-site or
providing new ones in off-site government-owned relocation sites. Twenty-six years after its
launching in 1989, KSK program beneficiaries have reached 9,191 in 2015 (representing 23% of
the 40,535 estimated household population), more than twice the 4,000 households originally
targeted for coverage.

Protective services. The Naga City Police Office (NCPO) handles the daily peace and order
situation of the city, with its manpower complement of 359 in 2013 increasing by 65% compared
to four years back. Protective services in Naga is further enhanced by the presence of 50 police
aides and 26 volunteers hired by the city government through the Public Safety Office (PSO), as
well as 24 private security agencies.

In keeping the peace, the local police force has finger-printing equipment, intra-station radiocom
systems, police vehicles, motorcycles and assorted PNP-issued firearms at its disposal. These
are complemented by Closed Circuit Television (CCTVs) equipment installed throughout the city
which are being monitored by the PSO.

For effective response time in case of emergency, the NCPO has established three community
precincts in Plaza Quezon, Concepcion Pequeña, Peñafrancia Avenue and Cararayan in
addition to its headquarters along Barlin Street. Backing them up is the 185-strong City Public
Safety Company based in Elias Angeles Street, as well as police assistance centers in Tabuco
and Carolina.

On the other hand, fire protection services in Naga are provided mainly by the local branch of
the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) which falls under the operational control and supervision of
the BFP Regional Office. As of 2013, the local firefighting force is composed of 86 personnel,
20% smaller than the 108 it had four years back. The BFP unit is nonetheless complemented
by around 100 volunteers from the Progressive Mason Club (Chin Po Tong) Fire Brigade and
Naga White.

Firefighting facilities and equipment being used by the local fire bureau consist of six firetrucks,
an ambulance and one rescue truck. These are complemented by Chin Po Tong and Naga
White’s respective fleet of firefighting, fire suppression, rescue and mechanical extraction
equipment.

The Naga City District Jail (NCDJ) located in barangay Del Rosario houses all inmates of MTC
and RTC and detainees/prisoners of the third and fourth districts of the province. As of 2016,
there were 493, 87% more than the 263 inmates it housed in 2009. The NDCJ is one of the
facilities in the province being maintained by the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP), an agency under the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG).

27
Table 3.5. Population of Naga City, 1960-2015
Feb 15 1960 May 6 1970 May 1 1980 May 1 1990 May 1 2000 May 1 2010 May 1 2015
55,506 79,846 90,712 115,329 137,810 174,931 196,003

Table 3.6. Projected Population of Naga City, 2015-50

YEAR 1.80% 2.30% 2.91%
2015 196,003 196,003 196,003
2020 214,258 219,615 226,208
2025 234,214 246,072 261,068
2030 256,028 275,715 301,300
2035 279,874 308,930 347,733
2040 305,941 346,146 401,320
2045 334,435 387,846 463,166
2050 365,584 434,569 534,543

Table 3.7. Household Population of Naga City by Age Group and Sex, 2010
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE
All Ages 173,731.00 85,318.00 88,413.00
Under 1 3,785.00 1,967.00 1,818.00
1-4 15,105.00 7,842.00 7,263.00
5-9 19,289.00 9,957.00 9,332.00
10-14 19,738.00 10,096.00 9,642.00
15-19 19,286.00 9,348.00 9,938.00
20-24 16,462.00 8,080.00 8,382.00
25-29 13,714.00 6,800.00 6,914.00
30-34 12,410.00 6,082.00 6,328.00
35-39 10,591.00 5,115.00 5,476.00
40-44 9,849.00 4,869.00 4,980.00
45-49 8,703.00 4,179.00 4,524.00
50-54 7,369.00 3,503.00 3,866.00
55-59 5,813.00 2,829.00 2,984.00
60-64 4,158.00 1,855.00 2,303.00
65-69 2,806.00 1,140.00 1,666.00
70-74 2,039.00 769.00 1,270.00
75-79 1,293.00 461.00 832.00
80 years old and over 1,321.00 426.00 895.00

Table 3.8. Population of Naga City by Barangay, 1990-2015

BARANGAY 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 2015
NAGA CITY 115,329 126,972 137,810 160,516 174,931 196,003
Abella 6,348 5,740 5,016 5,150 4,418 4,788
Bagumbayan Norte 2,099 1,952 2,331 2,193 2,669 2,911
Bagumbayan Sur 5,482 5,544 4,709 5,265 6,036 6,959
Balatas 5,092 5,719 6,808 6,964 8,333 10,404
Calauag 5,045 6,707 7,208 10,529 11,022 11,513

28
 Cararayan 3,487 5,469 7,355 9,108 12,108 15,998
Carolina 3,248 3,330 4,349 3,347 5,542 5,841
Concepcion Grande 6,095 7,598 8,524 10,725 11,979 11,137
Concepcion Pequeña 12,943 15,615 16,818 20,555 21,326 23,577
Dayangdang 4,653 5,216 4,604 4,026 4,635 4,568
Del Rosario 1,824 5,021 6,260 7,046 7,055 9,332
Dinaga 887 741 467 371 485 456
Igualdad Interior 2,290 2,620 2,591 3,345 3,775 3,379
Lerma 2,235 2,363 2,329 2,150 2,056 2,337
Liboton 2,712 3,269 3,006 3,119 2,870 3,075
Mabolo 5,167 5,751 5,962 6,529 6,875 7,611
Pacol 3,158 3,146 6,271 7,996 9,981 11,673
Panicuason 1,236 1,366 1,847 2,246 2,033 2,715
Peñafrancia 5,753 5,644 5,451 5,563 5,139 5,712
Sabang 5,587 6,179 5,991 5,953 6,742 7,000
San Felipe 4,840 3,977 6,126 13,238 14,196 17,444
San Francisco 1,628 1,483 1,139 953 941 947
San Isidro 1,333 1,698 1,813 2,053 2,301 2,768
Sta. Cruz 6,603 6,135 5,750 6,879 6,761 7,442
Tabuco 4,578 4,392 4,276 4,034 4,265 4,129
Tinago 4,844 3,721 3,927 3,521 3,403 3,268
Triangulo 6,162 6,576 6,882 7,658 7,985 9,019
Annual average growth rate 1.94% 1.80% 2.20% 2.91% 2.30%

Table 3.9. Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer

Walls and Roof, Naga City. 2010
CONSTRUCTION TOTAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF ROOF
MATERIALS OF OCCUPIED Galvanized Tile Half Wood Cogon/ Asbestos Makeshift/ Others Not
THE OUTER WALLS HOUSING Iron/ Concrete/ Galvanized Nipa/ Salvaged/ Reported
UNITS Aluminum Clay Tile Iron and Half Anahaw Improvised
Concrete Materials
Total 35,210 29,097 637 736 263 4,071 7 319 76 4
Concrete/Brick Stone 19,747 18,735 598 147 8 201 5 5 48
Wood 5,809 4,405 18 74 201 1,085 1 19 6
Half Concrete/ Brick/ 5,316 4,360 19 434 31 445 1 18 8
Stone and Half Wood
Galvanized 367 308 1 7 3 44 2 2
Iron/Aluminum
Bamboo/Sawali/ 2,817 839 52 14 1892 16 4
Cogon/Nipa
Asbestos 4 2 1 1
Glass
Makeshift/ Salvaged/ 740 263 7 4 234 229 3
Improvised Materials
Others 69 51 1 14 3
No walls 2 1 1
Not reported 339 134 12 2 155 30 2 4

29
 Table 3.10. Inventory of Approved Subdivisions, Naga City. 2010-16
Name of Subdivision Developer Location Total Area Date
(ha.) Approved

LPHI High Subdivision Phase I Laguna Properties Holdings, Inc. Pacol 10.8575 21-Jun-00
San Alfonso Homes Laguna Properties Holdings, Inc. Pacol 10.8575 28-Jun-00
Expansion of Eternal Gardens Peñafrancia Memorial Park Corporation Balatas 2.8781 04-Oct-00
Memorial Park
San Francisco Village II Laguna Properties Holdings, Inc. Pacol 8.5800 20-Dec-00
Caceres Heights Resort Jamaica Realty & Marketing Corp. Pacol 26.2150 06-Dec-00
Subdivision
Parkview Village I Enjoy Realty & Development Corporation San Felipe 6.8026 02-May-01
Parkview Village Subdivision II Enjoy Realty & Development Corporation San Felipe 4.9827 27-Jun-01
San Francisco Village I-D Laguna Properties Holdings, Inc. Pacol 1.1300 27-Jun-01
San Ignacio Estate Phase II Laguna Properties Holdings, Inc. Pacol 3.0660 23-Jan-02
Villa San Vicente de Paul St. Louise de Marillac Village, Sta. Isabel Pacol, Cararayan 12.4690 19-Dec-02
Subdivision Village, St. Elizabethan Village HOAs
Villa Obiedo Subdivision 8990 Housing Development Corporation Cararayan 10.8635 07-Dec-03
LBC Resettlement Site City Government of Naga Sabang 0.1859 22-Dec-03
LPHI Commercial Development Laguna Properties Holdings, Inc. Pacol 2.4160 09-Aug-04
Area
St. Jude (Thaddeus) Village 1 Concepcion Grande Development, Inc. Concepcion 3.4235 11-Oct-04
Grande
Naga Greenpark Village Enjoy Realty & Development Corporation Del Rosario 1.5000 17-Jan-05
Subdivision
Vista Basilica Homes Enjoy Realty & Development Corporation Balatas 2.4812 21-March-05
Subdivision
Isarog Hills 1 Fil-Estate Properties, Inc. Carolina 7.9787 25-Apr-05
Haciendas de Naga Farmlot Enjoy Realty & Development Corporation Carolina 21.1799 14-Nov-05
Subdivision
Isarog Hills Phase 1-A Fil-Estate Properties, Inc. Carolina 7.3113 14-Nov-05
Subdivision
Haciendas de Naga (Residential Enjoy Realty & Development Corporation Carolina 39.6496 05-Dec-05
Estate Subdivision)
Deca Homes Naga 8990 Housing Development Corp. San Felipe 6.8435 02-May-06
St. Jude (Thaddeus) Village II Concepcion Grande Development. Inc. Concepcion 1.7804 24-Jul-06
Grande
Chito Community Housing Consuelo “Chito” Madrigal Foundation, inc. Pacol 4.0000 07-May-07
Project
Parkview Executive Enjoy Realty & Development Corporation San Felipe 4.2197 07-May-07
Townhomes
St. Jude (Thaddeus) Village III Concepcion Grande Development. Inc. Concepcion 8.3028 26-Mar-07
Grande
Deca Homes Northfield Estates 8990 Housing Development Corporation Bagumbayan 2.2619 04-Mar-08
Norte
Laura Village Subdivision Mr. Fortunato P. Mendoza Concepcion 0.6132 02-Sep-08
Pequeña
Laura Village Subdivision Mr. Fortunato P. Mendoza Carolina 0.2626 02-Sep-08
Camella Naga Subdivision Communities Phils. Cam. Sur, Inc. Del Rosario 9.8294 09-Sep-08
Deca Homes Grandvale LYRR Realty Development. Corp. San Felipe 5.7379 21-Apr-09
Residences

30
Deca Homes Langon Vista LYRR Realty Development Corp. Cararayan 6.7119 02-Jun-09
Don Pepe Farm Lot Subdivision First Pacol Realty Development & Builders Pacol 5.9920 23-Jun-09
Corp
Lessandra Naga Subdivision Communities Naga Inc. Del Rosario 3.2574 02-Mar-10
Chito Community Hidalgo Consuelo “Chito” Madrigal Foundation, inc. San Isidro 2.0000 25-May-10
Plains
Austria Village Relocation Ms. Carolina Austria-Molistecu Carolina 3.0000 26-Oct-10
Project
St. James Homes Subdivision Concepcion Grande Development. Inc. Concepcion 6.1061 26-Oct-10
Grande
Parkview Executive Enjoy Realty & Development Corp. San Felipe 1.9912 08-Feb-11
Townhomes Phase II
Camella Heights Subdivision. Communities Naga, Inc. Del Rosario, 11.2880 24-May-11
(formerly Cerritos Heights) Cararayan
Parkview Employees Village Enjoy Realty & Development Corporation San Felipe 1.8328 29-Nov-11
St. James Homes Phase II Concepcion Grande Development. Inc. Concepcion 7.3475 22-May-12
Grande
Jolly Neighbors Resettlement City Government of Naga Sta. Cruz 4 10-Jul-12
Project
Consuelo Heights Subdivision Consuelo “Chito” Madrigal Foundation, inc. Pacol 3.0216 04-Dec-12
Isarog Heights Subdivision City Government of Naga Carolina 2.0000 04-Dec-12
Golden Roseville Subdivision City Government of Naga Bagumbayan Sur 7.0000 04-Feb-14
Deca Homes – Sabella LYRR Realty Development Corp. Abella 1.9697 04-Mar-14
Deca Homes - Sabella 2 LYRR Realty Development Corp. Sabang 1.1633 11-Nov-14
Naga City Employees Housing City Government of Naga San Felipe 0.9986 25-Aug-15
Project Phase I
Deca Homes Grandvale II LYRR Realty Development Corp. San Felipe 4.2287 07-Jul-15
Naga City Employees Housing City Government of Naga Del Rosario 0.9960 29-Jul-15
Project Phase II
Krisco Homes I Socialized Hi-Tone Construction & Development. Cararayan 1.7892 29-Sep-15
Housing Subdivision Corp
Faber Homes Socialized Realty Investments Incorporated Pacol 0.9523 29-Sep-15
Housing Subdivision
Deca Homes Vistansa LYRR Realty Development Corp. Pacol 14.0645 31-May-16
Subdivision
Total Land Area 320.39

31
Chapter 5
THE LOCAL ECONOMY
This short chapter provides an overview on the wealth-creating segment of Naga’s society.

Structure. According to the 2000 ADB Cities Databook, Naga has a primarily trading and
service-driven economy. “The service sector employs the bulk of the city’s labor force,
accounting for 71% of the total. The secondary and infrastructure sector (manufacturing,
utilities and construction at 14%) and others (agriculture and government at 15%) account for
the rest.” The service sector is further
broken down into wholesale and retail
trade (32%), consumer services (15%),
financial and real estate services (9%),
and social services (15%). (Fig. 3.14.)

With the entry of business process

outsource (BPO) companies and the
country’s two leading mall operators,
especially over the last 10 years, it stands
to reason that the share of the service
sector has grown larger, especially at the
expense of agriculture and manufacturing.
In fact, using local revenues derived from
economic activities as proxy indicator, the
primary sector of the local economy (built
around agriculture) accounted for 8% of
the total, the secondary sector (built
around manufacturing, utilities and
construction) accounts for 3%, while the
Fig. 3.14. Structure of Naga's economy. Based on 2000
tertiary sector (built around services)
accounts for 89% of the total in 2016. ADB Cities Data Book.

Trade, commerce and services. As of December 2013, Naga City has a total of 7,468
business establishments (1,079 new, 6,389 renewals). This is 37% higher than the 5,459 firms
registered in 2011 (1,046 new, 4,413 renewals) which translates to a 12.2% annual growth of
the business sector for the last 3 years. It is also 86% higher than the 4,025 firms registered in
2000 (889 new, 3,136 renewals). By comparison, the sector grew by only 4.8% between 2000
and 2010.

The business registry of the Metro Naga Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI) however
shows that the local economy is more robust than what official figures show. In 2015, the city
had a total of 16,202 micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Of the total, 8,806 (54%)
were registered enterprises while 7,396 (46%) were unregistered and belonged to the informal
sector. This is six percentage points higher than the 40% recorded in 2007, indicating a thriving
and growing underground economy.

In terms of economic activity, retail (46%) and services (20%) are the predominant type of
businesses, affirming the ADB figure. Others include real estate and leasing (9%); agribusiness
(7%); financial intermediation (4%); transportation, storage and communications (4%); health
and social work (3%); hotels and restaurant (2%); fishing, construction, manufacturing and
education (1% each). (See Table 3.11.)

In 2013, a total of 54 banks were operating in Naga – eight more than the 46 recorded in 2010
and 14 more than the number in 2000 – further reinforcing the city’s standing as the regional
financial center of Bicol. Of these, 15 are commercial banks, 19 universal, 3 thrift, 13 savings,
and four rural banks. Joining them in the financial services subsector are 60 finance
cooperatives, 23 pawnshops, five remittance centers and three micro-finance institutions.

Agriculture. In terms of land use, Naga remains an agricultural city. Of the city’s total land
area of 8,448 hectares, 4,550 (54%) were allocated to agriculture in 2000. But data from the
City Agriculture Office (CAgO) shows that in 2014, only 3,198 hectares (70% of the total) were
actually being used for agricultural production. Of these, 1,847 hectares are planted with rice,
1,139 hectares with corn, 15 with vegetables while 198 were used for livestock and poultry.
(See Table 3.12.)

Meanwhile, the
2012 Registry Fig. 3.15. Agricultural Workers By Type and Sex, Naga City
System for Basic 4,000
Sectors in 3,500
Agriculture
(RSBSA) data for 3,000
Naga showed that 2,500
4,210 are working
2,000
in the sector,
broken down into 1,500
2,212 farmers 1,000
(53%), 1,899 farm
500
laborers (45%), and
99 fishermen (2%). 0
In terms of sex, Total Farmers Farm Laborers Fishermen
3,379 (80%) are Total Male Female
male while 831
(20%) are female.
(See Fig. 3.15.) The total is 5% lower than the CAgO data for 2009. This means that on the
whole, the sector provides employment for around 12% of the city’s household population, two
percentage points lower than three years back.

On the other hand, Naga has a thriving livestock and poultry industry where 10 commercial
farms are the main players, an increase of 25% over the 2009 figure. In 2014, they raised a total
of 1,686 heads of livestock and 290,000 heads of poultry, with an estimated value of P55
million.

Manufacturing. Naga has a relatively small industrial base. As pointed out above, the city’s
manufacturing sub-sector accounts for only 7.4% of the total economic activity, about five
percentage points lower than the 12.5% in 2009 and the 14% in 2000.

While a handful of specialized manufacturing activities such as bottling (Pepsi and Coca Cola),
chicken dressing and cooking oil processing exist, most other firms are engaged in small to
cottage-scale food processing, metalworks, furniture manufacturing, jeepney bodybuilding, auto
shops, warehousing and storage that fall under one of 17 key industry classifications in the city.

33
Property development. Another key driver of economic growth in the city is its vibrant
construction and property development subsector. Between 2010 and 2014, building
construction grew by an annual average of 14% in terms of volume (from 95 to 128), and by 8%
in terms of project cost (from P601.7 million to P775.9 million). (See Table 3.13.)

A total of 22 new subdivision permits were also issued during the period, an average of 4 to 5
new projects with a combined project cost of P283.2 million every year. Combined, the
subsector accounts for 71% of new investments infused into the local economy, down from 79%
during the preceding period.

Tourism. The local tourism

industry in Naga continues to Fig. 3.16. Comparative Tourist Arrivals, 2014
grow, especially with the
disaggregation of data being
pushed by the Department of
Tourism. For 2014, a total of
976,822 tourists visited the city, Naga City
13% higher than the 859,743 26%
recorded the year before. (See Rest of Bicol
Table 3.14.) The number also 50%
represents 50% of the 1,861,010 Rest of
tourists that visited Camarines Camarines
Sur and 26% of the 3,724,073 Sur
tourists that went to Bicol for the 24%
year. (Fig. 3.16.)

The city’s accommodation

facilities continued to increase substantially over the last 15 years, from only 22 hotels, lodging
and pension houses and resorts in 2000 to 63 as of 2014, a 186% increase. It is also higher by
85% compares to the 34 recorded in 2010. In terms of combined room capacity, the expansion
is more pronounced, reaching 1,924 in 2014 – an increase of 249% over the 551 rooms in 2000
and of 65% over the 1,169 in 2010. Notwithstanding the increased capacity, occupancy rates
also increased by 7.5 percentage points from 49.8% to 57.2% during the same period.

On top of the 13 socio-cultural and 3 historical tourism assets, including the renowned devotion
to the Lady of Peñafrancia which celebrated its tercentenary in 2010 and continues to draw
millions of pilgrims to Naga every year, another emerging draw is the City Government’s
governance innovations that regularly attract both domestic and foreign visitors. In response,
the JMR Center was put in charge of organizing seminars that will address their needs.

34
Table 3.11. Business Permits Granted by Type of Economic Activity, Naga City.
2016
BUSINESS PERMITS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Primary
Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry 616 81%
Fishing 139 18%
Mining & Quarrying 4 1%
Primary Sub-Total 759 8%
Secondary
Manufacturing 139 45%
Electricity, Gas & Water Supply 39 13%
Construction 131 42%
Secondary Sub-Total 309 3%
Tertiary
Wholesale & Retail trade/repair of motor vehicles 4,271 51%
personal & household goods
Hotels & Restaurants 211 3%
Transport, Storage & Communication 394 5%
Financial Intermediation 360 4%
Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities 823 10%
Public Administration & Defense/ Compulsory 22 0%
Security
Education 72 1%
Health & Social Work 256 3%
Private Household with Employed Persons 0 0%
Other Community, Social & Personal Service 1,890 23%
Activities
Extra-Territorial Organizations & Bodies 1 0%
Tertiary Sub-Total 8,300 89%
TOTAL 9,368 100%

Table 3.12. Existing Major Agricultural Crops By Area, Naga City. 2016
Area
Major Crops Location
(In Hectares)
1. Rice
- Irrigated Balatas 82.75
Cararayan 99.82
Carolina 237.25
Con. Grande 63.00
Con. Pequena 158.00
Mabolo 103.00
San Felipe 273.50
Pacol 377.00
San Isidro 230.00
-Non-irrigated Cararayan 222.18
Subtotal 1,846.50
2. Corn Carolina 381.00

35
 Panicuason 240.00
Cararayan 175.00
Pacol 183.00
San Isidro 145.50
Del Rosario 8.00
San Felipe 6.00
Subtotal 1,138.50
3. Vegetables Panicuason 15.00
4. Livestock and Poultry Farms San Felipe, Pacol, Carolina and Panicuason 197.87
Total 3,197.87

Table 3.13. New Investments, Naga City. 2010-14

INDICATOR 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
New Enterprises 287.00 246.28 587.45 399.49 419.23
New Building Permits (Commercial,
Industrial & Institutional) 601.66 570.49 544.88 726.34 775.91
New Subdivision Development Permits 492.96 358.14 182.75 6.50 375.64
TOTAL 1,381.63 1,174.91 1,315.08 1,132.33 1,570.78
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION 5,527 4,700 5,260 4,529 6,282

Table 3.14. Tourist Arrivals, Naga City. 2013-14

MONTH 2013 2014 INCREASE/
DECREASE
January 57,642 57,711 0.1%
February 54,492 58,200 6.8%
March 75,842 83,946 10.7%
April 82,265 87,377 6.2%
May 88,705 95,258 7.4%
June 54,872 63,681 16.1%
July 62,209 66,274 6.5%
August 59,423 66,890 12.6%
September 107,557 129,159 20.1%
October 66,039 80,825 22.4%
November 65,537 80,335 22.6%
December 85,160 105,152 23.5%
Total 861,756 976,822 13.4%

36
Chapter 6
INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
This short chapter provides an overview on infrastructure support and environmental health
services in Naga City.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Roads and bridges. As of December 2015, Naga’s road network has expanded to 195.7 kms,
31.4 more than the 164.3 kms recorded in 2000 – an increase of 19%. Of these roads, a total of
31.8 kms (16%) were built by the national government. (See Table 3.16.)

In terms of road type, 145.2 kms (or 74% of the total) are concreted; 30.4 kms (16%) are
asphalted; 14.1 kms (7%) are gravel surfaced; while 6.0 kms (3%) are still earth road. Over the
last 15 years, the share of asphalt-overlain roads showed the biggest increase, from 10 to 16%
of the total, while concrete roads went down by 6 percentage points from 80 to 74%.

The number however does not include around 50 kms in private subdivision roads still to be
turned over the city government. When these are considered, Naga would have a total road
network of around 246 kms as of 2015.

Within the city, there are 13 city bridges, each with a 10-ton capacity, and six national bridges.
Most of these bridges are found in the city center which is trisected by the Bicol and Naga
Rivers. Over the last 15 years, three new bridges were added, two by the city and one by the
national government.

Road gap. According to the DILG Local Road Management Manual as well as relevant HLURB
guidelines, the standard urban road to population ratio is 2.4 kms per 1,000 urban population.
On the other hand, the standard rural road to rural land area ratio is 1.5 kms per 100 hectare of
rural area. Applied to Naga at its 2015 population of 196,003, the city road network would be a
maximum of 470 kms if all of its 27 barangays were considered urban, and a minimum of 126.6
kms if all of its 8,440-hectare land area were rural. As pointed out in the 2001 Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (CLUP), the city has long exceeded the rural standard decades back.

But factoring in its population by 2030, which is projected to grow between 2.3 to 2.91%
annually based on the last three censuses, the situation becomes more daunting.
Going by the DILG and HLURB standard for urban areas, Naga will have to double and even
triple its current road network to attain the ideal of 662-723 kms. Thus, the city needs to bridge
a road gap that stands between 220 kms for 2015 and as much as 477 by 2030.

Land transport. In 2013, Naga’s public transportation system is mainly provided by around
8,587 units, an increase of 71% over the 2010 figure of 5,007. (See Fig. 3.17) It is broken
down into the following:
 1,304 aircon and non-airconditioned buses that ply inter-provincial routes within Bicol, as
well as trips between Naga and Metro Manila, which account for 15%
 693 Filcab and UV Express vans cover intra- and inter-provincial routes, mainly to
Camarines Norte, Sorsogon and Albay, which account for 8%
 2,467 public utility jeepneys (PUJs) cover routes to other towns in Camarines Sur and intra-
city routes, which account for 29%
 554 trucks for hire
Fig. 3.17. Public Transport Vehicles in Naga City
connecting Naga City to any
point in the Philippines,
Total 8587
mainly Luzon island, which
Calesa 2
account for 6%
Pedicabs 1,925
 27 school and 30 tourist Trimobiles 1,500
transport service vehicles Taxi 85
that account for 1% Tourist Transport Service 30
 85 taxi units representing Truck for Hire 554
another 1% Shuttle Transport 1
 1,500 trimobiles serving School Transport 26
mainly intra-city routes, Public Utility Jeepney 2,467
whose number is fixed by a Public Utility Bus 1,230
city ordinance, representing Minibus 74
17%, and UtilityVehicle Express 579
 2 units of calesa and 1,925 Filcab 114
units of pedicabs1, which 0 5000 10000
account for 22% of the total.

As of 2015, the total number of registered vehicles in Naga reached 35,044 units, 4% higher
than the 33,761 registered in 2010. Of these, 30,856 (88%) are private, 3,729 (11%) are public
utility, and 459 (1%) are government-owned vehicles. In 2010, the ratio is 93% private, 6%
public, and 1% government. In terms of vehicle type, motorcycles continue to dominate city
roads, accounting for 52-59% or almost 3 of every 5 registered in the city. Utility vehicles, which
are mostly jeepneys, comprise the next biggest group at 21-25%, followed by cars and SUVs at
9-11%, trucks and buses at 4-5%, and trimobiles at 6-11%. (See Table 3.17.)

Air transport. By plane, Naga is about 45-55 minutes away from Metro Manila via Naga Airport
which is located in the capital town of Pili, Camarines Sur some 12 kilometers from the city
proper. PAL Express and Cebu Pacific field regular morning and afternoon flights to and from
the national capital. Every week, around 35 flights serve the Naga-Manila route which allows
greater flexibility to connect with other national and international destinations.

Legazpi Airport, which is about two hours away from Naga, can also be utilized in going to
Manila or Cebu.

Rail and water transport. Operations of the Manila-Bicol run of the Philippine National
Railways (PNR) have been on and off. Efforts to resume operations between Manila and Naga
were constrained by accidents, destruction of key segments in the railroad system during strong
typhoons, and pilferage of railroad track materials. The DOTC has conducted an audit to
determine the safety and reliability of the system before resuming operations.

As a result, the Bicol commuter service was launched in 2009, between Tagkawayan, Sipocot,
Naga and Legazpi. But after further service reductions, only the service between Naga and
Sipocot was operational by 2013. In October 2015, service resumed between Naga and
Legazpi, but the devastation of Typhoon ‘Nina’ again cut it short.

1Popularly known as “padyaks,” which are supposed to cover only barangay and subdivision roads but
have contributed to congestion of a few city and national roads where their services could not be
dispensed with.

38
The advent and popularity of land transport has eliminated water transport services between
Naga and its neighboring towns, reaching as far as Libmanan. The establishment of wharves
along Naga River is also being pursued by the city government to jumpstart water transport
services within the urban center in the context of its Integrated Naga River Revitalization
Project.

Communication. Globe (which has recently acquired Bayantel) and PLDT (formerly Digitel) are
the two major telecommunication companies that provide basic and advanced fixed-line
telecommunication services in the city. In 2011, their combined subscriber base of almost
11,500 subscribers has pushed the city's fixed line telephone density to one for every three
households.

The entry of the wireless telecommunication companies, now reduced to a duopoly between
Smart and Globe, has accelerated growth of the local telecommunication industry. The 2007
Ateneo SSRC research shows that Nagueños have greater access to cellular service than
landline, with every household owning two to three mobile phones on the average, some even
have dual-sim cellphone units.

Internet access has also been increasing, powered by more accessible and affordable
broadband services being offered by PLDT-Smart and Globe-Bayantel, as well as bundled
offerings by local cable TV operators Skycable and Caceres Cable. Recently, new players like
Cignal and Dream have joined the fray by offering direct-to-home satellite TV services.
Cybercafes offering cheap internet services and games have also been mushrooming in the
city, further enhancing greater access by local residents and visitors alike. Some service and
commercial establishments, particularly hotels and restaurants, offer free wi-fi internet service to
customers as a value-added amenity. The 2010 Census reflects this, showing that around 34%
of the city’s household population have internet access, with 17% accessing it from their home
and the other 17% accessing it elsewhere. These are expected to have grown as the city
government, in partnership with PLDT, has offered free wi-fi services in the three plazas at the
downtown area as well as the Bicol Central Station.

The broadcast media in Naga has continued to grow over the decade. These are being provided
by around 20 AM and FM radio stations, and five local television stations, ABS-CBN, GMA,
PBN, UNTV and GNN. Also, two local cable TV companies provide up-to-date news, relevant
information and entertainment to Nagueños. National dailies and local weekly newspapers are
also available in the city.

Postal services are being provided by the Philippine Postal Corporation (PhilPost) with 24 staff
and personnel for 2013. It also operates a mailing station located at the SM City and UNC
Compound. Complementing it are seven messengerial companies (JRS Express, LBC Air
Cargo, DHL, Daily Overland Express, FedEx, OCS and 2Go). However, the advent of internet-
based technologies and social networking sites like Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, Google, MSN,
Skype, Facebook and Twitter have affected these traditional communication services.

Waterworks. The waterworks system run by the Metro Naga Water District (MNWD) supplies
the requirements of Naga and the four neighboring towns of Canaman, Camaligan, Gainza and
Magarao. Its main water source comes from three springs located in Pili, Camarines Sur – the
Anayan, Kalinisan and Rumangrap springs – and 18 operational deep well pumping stations
located in strategic sites within its service area. Complementing the MNWD is the city
government’s Water Services Division (formerly called Task Force Tubig) that installs Levels I

39
and II water systems in key areas of the city, as well as the barangay-operated Panicuason
Water Services Association (PAWASA).

Fig.3.18. Perspective of the MNWD Septage Facility in Sitio Caromatig. Carolina.

As of 2013, the MNWD water system has a total of 40,248 active connections, which is
continuously growing at the rate of 157 average new connections per month. It is 23% higher
than the 2010 level of 32,769, or an average annual growth of 8%. This is more than three
times faster than the city’s population growth over the same period. Average water consumption
of domestic, commercial, industrial and government users reached 15.4 million cubic meters.

With the approval of its proposed environmental service charge, the MNWD is expected to offer
septage treatment services by around 2018 on top of basic potable water provision, anchored
on a treatment facility located in Sitio Caromatig in Barangay Carolina that is capable of
handling 56 cu. meters of sludge per day. (Fig. 3.18.)

Power. Electric power services in the city is being provided by the Camarines Sur II Electric
Cooperative (CASURECO II), one of the four electric cooperatives engaged in power retail in
the province, and the second biggest in the Bicol region in terms of market size. Power is
sourced mainly from newly privatized generating plants connected to the Luzon Grid being
operated by the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP).

Data from the National Electrification Administration (NEA) show that as of December 31, 2016,
CASURECO II has achieved 100% energization of all barangays (259), 83% of all sitios (341 of
409), and 97% of all potential households (117,538 of 120,900) within its coverage area. In
Naga, which accounts for around 65% of its market, it has energized all 27 city barangays.

One of the three mega-large electric cooperatives in Bicol, and second biggest in terms of sales
behind ALECO, CASURECO II’s finances have been improving. In 2014, it registered a P104.5
million net margin out of P1.842 billion sales, equivalent to 6%. This is more than a two-fold
improvement over the 2010 level of 2.8%.

A lingering challenge is its 14.3% system loss for the 1st semester of 2016, which is marginally
lower than the 15.5% registered in 2010 and 16.8% in in 2006. As a result, it failed to meet the
8.8% systems loss level targeted for 2010 and beyond under the DOE Power Development
Plan, and even the 13% cap set by NEA. This, and a 91.8% collection efficiency that remains

40
below the 95% standard, are some of the reasons
why CASURECO II was only rated B in the 2015
performance assessment by NEA, although an
improvement over its C rating the year before. But
it continues to lag behind the triple A-rated
CASURECO I and IV and the double-A rated
CANORECO which are tops in Bicol. (See Table
3.18.)

ENVIRONMENT

Solid waste management. In 2016, the city

generated 108,019 cu. meters of solid waste. Out
of this, 35,641 cu. meters were diverted,
representing a 33% waste diversion effort. Of the
waste diverted, 62% takes place at the community
level, with the remaining 38% processed at the
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) of the Balatas
controlled dumpsite. As a result, the facility
accepted only 72,378 cu. meters for the year.

The profile of solid waste in the city also shows that Fig. 3.19. Location and layout of the San Isidro
food waste account for 30% of the total volume, SLF-cum-WTE
followed by plastics at 18%, wood and yard waste
at 15%, paper-based materials at 14%; glass, bottles and metals at 10%; textile at 5%; and
miscellaneous waste at 9%.

Solid waste are collected via the city’s government’s fleet of 15 garbage trucks which make 3 to
4 trips daily to cover ten routes on a daily basis. They are supported by 10 fixed barangay
MRFs, with 12 more on the pipeline as well as five mobile MRFs to serve urban barangays with
space constraints. Collected wastes are then delivered, processed and deposited at the 3.6-
hectare Balatas dumpsite, which is programmed for partial closure within 2016.

Expected to take
Fig. 3.20. Air Quality Monitoring in Naga City, 2000-14
the place of the
55-year old
Balatas facility is 120
107 111 107
a 10-hectare 103 102 102
99
TSP, UG,NCM

sanitary landfill 87
(SLF) in 83 80
75 72
Barangay San 67 69
Isidro that will
double as a
waste-to-energy
(WTE) facility. It
is targeted to
open in 2018 as
the Balatas 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
dumpsite reaches YEAR

41
its full capacity. (See Fig. 3.19.)

Air quality. As
a pilot Airshed Fig. 3.21. Dissolved Oxygen Levels, Naga River, 2014-15
Area in the Bicol 8.00
Region, weekly
7.00
air quality

DISSIOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL

monitoring 6.00
through Hi- 5.00
volume 4.00
Sampling were Class C Waters: 5.0 minimum
3.00
made at
Concepcion 2.00
Pequeña, 1.00
Magsaysay, and
0.00
Panganiban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
crossing beside
SAMPLING STATION
PNP
Substation-1 to
measure particulates that go with the air.

Since measurements were first taken in 2000, the city’s air quality reading has been shifting
between Fair and Good rating. In 2014, air quality reading improved by 40% compared to the
last two years, from 120 to 72 microgram per cubic meter (μg/m³), equivalent to a Good mark.
This mirrored a similar improvement in 2008 and 2011 which saw the city’s air quality rating
bounce back from a two-year decline from Good to Fair. (See Fig. 3.20.)

Water quality. At present, the current environmental situation of the Naga River remains
challenging. Along the urban center, it is classified as Class C, based on intended Water Use
Stream Classification Scheme of the Philippine government. The river’s identification as Water
Quality Management Area (WQMA) by the DENR is a good step to address this challenge.

According to the 2014-15 water analysis, only half of the 22 sampling stations met the minimum
of 5 for dissolved oxygen. Nonetheless, 18 of the 22 met the 10 mg/L threshold for Biological
Oxygen Demand (BOD). More worrisome is that all stations registered very high levels of
coliform bacteria, way above the 5000 most probable number (MPN)/100mL threshold. (Fig.
3.21.)

This qualifies its waters for irrigation of agricultural crops, the propagation and growth of fish and
other aquatic resources; boating for recreation; and industrial water supply for manufacturing
processes after treatment.

Greenhouse gas emission. Total emissions of Naga City, including the land use change and
forestry (LUCF) sector, amounted to 246,640.13 tons. The Energy and Transportation sectors
contributed almost the same amount in the total emissions at 36% (equivalent to 89,760 tons)
and 35%, (86,776 tons) respectively; combined, they account for 71% of the total GHG
emissions. Coming at third was the Waste sector with an emission of 46,288 tons of CO2
(19%) of the total, and Agriculture sector, which contributed 21,633 tons (9%). Finally, with a
comparatively small area allotted to crop production and few livestock, the LUCF sector
contributed only 2,183 tons (1%) of the total. (See Fig. 3.22.)

42
Considering the amount
of carbon absorbed by Fig. 3.22. GHG emissions in Naga City
the LUCF sector of Naga
100000.00
City (9,502 tons), which
90000.00
is very small to offset

Tons of CO2 equiravelnt

80000.00
carbon emissions, the
70000.00
city’s net carbon
60000.00
emission stood at
50000.00
237,137 tons. This 40000.00
translates to a 1.4 ton 30000.00
per capita emission of 20000.00
CO2 equivalent, which is 10000.00
almost double than the 0.00
World Bank estimated Energy Waste Agriculture Transportation LUCF
standard value of 0.7. Sectors

43
 Table 3.15. Inventory of Roads, Naga City. 2015
Road Class Surface Type Total
Concrete Asphalt Gravel Earth (in kms)
National 1.4 30.4 31.8
City 143.8 14.1 6.0 163.9
Total 145.2 30.4 14.1 6.0 195.7
Source: City Engineer’s Office

Table 3.16. Registered Motor Vehicle by Kind/Type, Naga City. 2010-15

Type of Vehicle 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Cars 2,136 2,600 3,293 2,543 289 2,866
Utility Vehicle 8,197 8,637 8,370 7,035 6,245 7,286
Sport Utility Vehicles 668 665 800 763 840 1,063
Buses 92 31 23 13 32 215
Trucks 1,251 1,240 1,807 1,305 1,395 1,469
Tricycles 2,598 2,211 2,315 3,784 3,975 3,813
Motorcycles 17,654 21,800 24,211 19,695 11,902 18,259
Trailer 12 8 10 21 4 73
TOTAL 32,608 31,192 40,829 35,159 24,682 35,044

Table 3.17. Comparative Performance Indicators, Bicol Electric Cooperatives.

1st Semester 2016
ELECTRIC INDICATORS
COOPERATIVES Cash One Coll. GENCO NGCP Profitability Net Net Net System
General Mo. Eff. As of Jun As of Jun Worth Worth Worth Loss
Fund Working 2016 2016 2016 2015 2014
Capital
CASURECO I 56,457 39,063 100 Res-Current Current 6,426 317,421 406,822 208,636 11.62
CASURECO IV 133,594 37,580 97.07 Current Current 15,141 690,128 629,865 558,473 11.88
CANORECO 168,166 82,593 95.83 Current Current 2,706 388,328 383,768 349,910 11.10
FICELCO 7,828 36,567 99.65 Current N/A 10,514 301,681 291,756 275,016 14.00
SORECO I 35,026 29,081 86.49 Res-With Current 7,317 313,941 338,279 294,742 13.5
Arrears
SORECO II 46,959 58,859 88.99 Res-With Current 27,293 526,581 394,132 250,419 12.96
Arrears
CASURECO II 265,024 169,200 91.81 Current Current 68,357 675,113 623,556 856,036 14.26
ALECO 121,861 242,470 66 With Arrears With Arrears 2,524 (119,658) (49,559) 141,786 22.79
CASURECO III 53,298 57,513 90.37 Res-With Current 28,049 (487,668) (507,948) (473,148) 19.14
Arrears
MASELCO (24,696) 44,900 86.48 Res-With N/A (36,496) 225,405 234,386 217,052 23.74
Arrears
TISELCO 10,454 4,013 NS Res-With N/A 3,191 123,764 123,096 40,376 17.49
Arrears

44
Chapter 7
SPECIAL AREA STUDY: HERITAGE DISTRICT
Finally, this chapter provides an
overview on proposed Ciudad de Naga
Caceres Heritage District that seeks to
leverage the city’s status as one of the
oldest cities in the Philippines.

As pointed out in Chapter 1, out of the

ancient Naga, the Spaniards built
Nueva Cáceres to distinguish it from its
namesake in Spain. It had a city
government as prescribed by Spanish
law, with an ayuntamiento and cabildo
of its own. At the beginning of the 17th
century, there were only five other
ciudades in the Philippines.

Heritage district. Building on the

Bongat administration’s thrust to
enhance awareness of local cultural
heritage as a means of boosting
tourism, the Nueva Caceres Heritage
Movement, Inc. (NCHMI) proposed to
establish the Ciudad de Nueva
Caceres heritage district in the city
center through a resolution adopted on
February 18, 2016.

The NCHMI, a tourism organization

that seeks to promote general heritage
consciousness in the city, sought the
help of Dr. Danilo Gerona, a renowned
Bicol historian and NCHMI member, in
drawing up the map of the proposed
heritage district. (See Fig. 3.23.)

Boundaries and historical sites. The

district largely encompasses the
Central Business District I and is
bounded by Ateneo Avenue to the
north, Igualdad (now J. Hernandez
Avenue) to the west and Naga River to Fig. 3.23. The proposed heritage district.
the east and south. Spread across the
district are 27 historical sites, 10 of which are still existing. These are Escuela Normal (now
Universidad de Sta. Isabel), Seminario (Holy Rosario Minor Seminary), Catedral (Naga City
Metropolitan Cathedral), Palacio (Archbishop’s Palace), Administracion del Correo (the
Philamlife property hosting the old Post Office building), Bishop Barlin Monument, Cuartel de la
Guardia Civil (Naga City Police headquarters), Plaza de San Francisco (Plaza Quince Martires),
Iglesia de San Francisco (San Francisco Church), Plaza Alfonso XIII (Plaza Rizal), Abella
Building and Fuente de Claveria (Tabuco Bridge).

On the other hand, the 17 historical sites that no longer exist are the Ruina de la Catedral, the
old Episcopal Palace and the old Cemetery (which are located in what is now the Naga City
People’s Mall), Plaza del Fuente (Plaza Oragon), Casa de Clerigos (the original site of the
seminary is what is now the Benito Commercial building), Mercado (Aristocrat Hotel up to
Regent Hotel), Casa del Escribano (where the UCPB, BPI Family Savings Bank and former
New England Restaurant now stand), Tribunal (former Naga City Library building), Casa del
Gobernador and Carcel de la Provincia (LBRDC, BDO and PNB buildings), Casino Español
(McDonald’s and Bigg’s Diner, in front of Quince Martires), Hospital Medalla Milagrosa (Barlin
Satellite Market), Escuela Comun (Grageda Apartment), and Imprenta (current Philamlife
Building).

The NCHMI also seeks to install street signs bearing current and Hispanic street names within
the district, like Via Gainza (Peñafrancia Avenue); Calle Magallanes and Calle de Fernando El
Catolico (General Luna), Calle El Cano (Barlin), Calle Real de Naga (Elias Angeles Street), and
Calle de Beaterio (Santonja) – a proposal that drew support from the National Historical
Commission of the Philippines.

46