2004 Ford Escape

2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS

Generators & Regulators - Escape

IDENTIFICATION

VIN CODE IDENTIFICATION

VIN Code (l) Engine Displacement
B 2.0L Zetec 4-Cylinder
1 3.0L Duratec V6
(1) Use 8th digit, for engine displacement identification.

DESCRIPTION

System consists of generator, regulator, battery, fuses and associated wiring. On models with
2.0L Zetec engine, system also uses a PCM. Generators have an integral voltage regulator.
Voltage regulator incorporates temperature compensation circuitry, so battery charging
voltage is maintained at the optimum level. Charge rate is 13-15 volts.

Warning indicator should illuminate with key on, engine off. Warning indicator should not
illuminate with ignition off, or with engine running.

ADJUSTMENTS
BELT TENSION

Vehicles are equipped with automatic drive belt tensioner. Drive belt does not require
adjustment. Inspect condition and tension of generator drive belt prior to performing any on-
vehicle charging system tests. Replace belt and/or repair tensioner mechanism if necessary.

TROUBLE SHOOTING

NOTE: For additional trouble shooting, see CHARGING SYSTEM -

GENERAL TROUBLE SHOOTING article in GENERAL
INFORMATION.

Verify customer's complaint. Ensure battery posts and cables are clean and tight. Inspect
drive belt. Inspect battery junction box fuses No. 11 (15-amp) and mega fuse FB (120-amp)
located near battery junction box. On vehicles with 3.0L Duratec engine, inspect central
junction box fuse No. 16 (IO-amp). On all models, ensure connections at generator, regulator
and engine ground are clean and tight. If problem is found, repair as necessary. On vehicles
with 3.0L Duratec engine, if problem is not found, repair by symptom. See SYMPTOM
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape
INDEX table under SYSTEM TESTS. On models with 2.0L Zetec engine, if problem is not
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

found, perform self-diagnostics. See SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.

ON-VEHICLE TESTING
BATTERY DRAIN TEST

NOTE: Amperage draw will vary from vehicle to vehicle depending on

equipment package. Compare to a comparable vehicle for
reference. No production vehicle should have more than a 50 mA
(0.050 amp) draw.

1. Ensure junction box/fuse panels are accessible without turning on interior and hood
lights. Drive vehicle over 30 MPH for at least 5 minutes. Park vehicle and allow to sit
with ignition off for at least 40 minutes to allow electronic modules to power down. Go
to next step.
2. Connect a fused jumper wire between negative battery cable and negative battery post.
Disconnect negative battery cable from negative battery post, without breaking the
jumper wire connection to prevent modules from resetting. Go to next step.

NOTE: It is very important that continuity is not broken between

negative battery post and negative battery cable when
disconnecting battery cable or connecting ammeter. If
continuity is broken, go to step 1 .

3. Ensure ammeter is set to read milliamps with at least a 10 amp capability. Connect
ammeter between negative battery cable and negative battery post. Remove fused
jumper wire. Go to next step.
4. If excessive current draw is present (50 mA or more), pull fuses from battery/central
junction box one at a time and note any current drop when each fuse is removed. DO
NOT reinstall fuses until test is complete. Go to next step.
5. Check wiring diagrams for any circuits that run from battery without passing through
battery/central junction box. Disconnect these circuits if current draw still exists. Repair
appropriate circuits as necessary. See POWER DISTRIBUTION in appropriate
SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article in ELECTRICAL.

ELECTRONIC DRAINS WHICH SHUT OFF WHEN BATTERY CABLE IS DISCONNECTED

1. Perform battery drain test. See BATTERY DRAIN TEST . Ensure all doors are closed
and accessories are off. Without starting engine, turn ignition switch on for a moment,
and then turn ignition off. Wait a few minutes for illuminated entry lamps to turn off (if
equipped).
2. Connect ammeter between negative battery cable and negative battery post. Disconnect
negative battery cable from negative battery post, without breaking the ammeter
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

connection to prevent modules from resetting. Read amperage draw.

3. Amperage draw should be less than 50 milliamps. If current draw exceeds 50
milliamps, remove fuses from battery/central junction box one at a time to locate
problem circuit. Repair appropriate circuits as necessary. See POWER
DISTRIBUTION in appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article in
ELECTRICAL.

GENERA TOR LOAD TEST

1. Ensure drive belt is in good condition. Replace belt as necessary. If belt is okay,
connect charging system load tester in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
Start and run engine at 2000 RPM, and apply load until generator output levels off.
Generator amperage should be at least 58 amps with engine at 2000 RPM. Go to next
step.
2. Tum A/C system on. Tum blower speed to high. Tum headlights on to high beams.
Voltage should increase a minimum of .5 volts. If voltage is as specified, system is
operating properly at this time. If voltage is not as specified, perform GENERATOR
NO-LOAD TEST .

GENERATOR NO-LOAD TEST

1. Connect a voltmeter positive lead to B+ terminal on generator and negative lead to

ground. Start and run engine at 2000 RPM, with all accessories off. Read voltmeter
when voltage stabilizes. Voltage should be 13-15 volts. If voltage is not as specified, go
to next step.
2. On vehicles equipped with 2.0L Zetec engine, perform self-diagnostics. See SELF-
DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM . On vehicles equipped with 3.0L Duratec engine, repair by
symptom. See SYlVIPTOM INDEX table under SYSTEM TESTS.

SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM

NOTE: All diagnostic tests are written specifically for New Generation
Star (NGS) tester. Most generic OBD-11 compliant scan tools
should be able to perform all test procedures.

DIAGNOSTIC FORMATS

QUICK TEST and SYSTEM TESTS are diagnostic formats used to test and service EEC-V
system. QUICK TEST allows technician to identify concerns and retrieve Diagnostic
Trouble Codes (DIC). SYSTEM TESTS are used to check circuits, sensors and actuators.

Before starting any SYSTEM TEST, follow all steps under QUICK TEST to determine
appropriate system test to perform. If vehicle passes QUICK TEST and no driveability
symptoms or intermittent faults exist, EEC-V system is okay.
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES

During QUICK TEST, 3 types of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) are retrieved and
diagnosis must be performed in the following order: Key On Engine Off (KOEO), Key On
Engine Running (KOER) and Continuous Memory DTCs. See QUICK TEST for self-test
procedures. DTCs may be cleared from PCM memory after DTCs have been recorded or
fault has been repaired. See CLEARING CODES . If fault is still present after clearing
DTCs, fault will reset.
KOEO & KOER Codes

These DTCs indicate faults are present at time of testing. A hard fault may cause
Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) to illuminate and remain illuminated until fault is
repaired. The IVIIL is located on instrument cluster and may be labeled SERVICE ENGINE
SOON or CHECK ENGINE. IfKOEO or KOER DTCs are retrieved during KOEO ON-
DEMAND SELF-TEST orKOER ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST, see DIAGNOSTIC
TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS under QUICK TEST to find appropriate system test to
perform.
Continuous Memory Codes

NOTE: Continuous Memory DTCs should be recorded when retrieved.

These DTCs may be used to identify intermittent concerns that
exist after all KOEO and KOER DTCs have been repaired. Some
Continuous Memory DTC faults may not be valid after KOEO and
KOER DTCs are serviced.

Continuous Memory DTCs are retrieved after performing KOER ON-DEMAND SELF-
TEST. Unlike KOEO or KOER self-tests, which can only be activated on-demand,
Continuous Memory self-test is always active. A fault may or may not be present at time of
checking for Continuous Memory DTCs. This self-test is helpful in diagnosing intermittent
concerns.

After noting and/or repairing fault, clear DTCs from memory. See CLEARING CODES.
Intermittent faults may be caused by a sensor, connector or wiring-related concern.

RETRIEVING CODES

Fault codes are retrieved from powertrain control system through Data Link Connector
(DLC). See EigJ . DLC is located under left side of instrument panel, right side of steering
column. Self-diagnostic test procedures are for use with Rotunda Worldwide Diagnostic
System (WDS), New Generation Star (NGS) scan tool or equivalent. If a generic scan tool is
used, ensure scan tool is certified to OBD-II standard. A generic scan tool may not be
capable of performing all necessary test functions. Go to READING CODES.
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

0
9 16
G95A35261

Eig. 1: Identifying Data Link Connector Terminals

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

READING CODES

NOTE: If self-test will not activate or TOOL COMMUNICATION ERROR is

received, go to TEST QA under SYSTEM TESTS in appropriate
SELF-DIAGNOSTICS article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE.

KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes

Record DTCs in order received. These DTCs indicate current faults in system and should be
serviced in order of appearance. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS
under QUICK TEST to identify appropriate system test to perform.

Pass Codes

SYSTEM PASS indicates no DTCs were recorded in that portion of test. If SYSTEM PASS
is not retrieved in KOEO ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST, DTCs retrieved during KOER ON-
DEMAND SELF-TEST may not be valid.

Continuous Memory Codes

These DTCs result from information stored by PCM during continuous self-test monitoring.
Use these DTCs for diagnosis only when KOEO ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST and KOER ON-
DEMAND SELF-TEST result in SYSTEM PASS and all steps under QUICK TEST are
successfully completed. These DTCs indicate faults previously recorded. Fault may or may
not be currently present. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS under
QUICK TEST.
CLEARING CODES
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

CAUTION: DO NOT disconnect vehicle battery to clear DTCs. This will

erase operating information 'from keep alive RAM. To clear
keep alive RAM, perform KEEP ALIVE RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY RESET PROCEDURE .

PCM Reset Procedure

After a PCM reset procedure has been performed, the following conditions will be met:

• All DTCs will be cleared from PCM memory.

• All freeze frame data will be cleared from PCM memory.
• Diagnostic monitoring results will be cleared from PCM memory.
• OBD-II system monitor status will reset.
• DIC Pl000 will be set in PCM memory until all OBD-II system monitors or
components have been tested to satisfy OBD-II drive cycle without any faults
occurring. To clear DIC Pl 000, perform DRIVE CYCLE PROCEDURE under
DIAGNOSTIC MONITORS in appropriate SELF-DIAGNOSTICS in ENGINE
PERFORMANCE. Ensure OBD-II DRIVE CYCLE PROCEDlJRE is performed to
verify repair.

To perform PCM reset using scan tool, follow scan tool manufacturer's operating
instructions. If after clearing DTCs a concern has not been corrected, or a fault is still
present, a hard code will immediately be reset in PCM memory.
Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure

CAUTION: When battery is disconnected, vehicle computer may lose

memory data. Driveability concerns may exist until
computer systems have completed a relearn cycle. See
COMPUTER RELEARN PROCEDURES article in GENERAL
INFORMATION before disconnecting the battery.

1. Resetting Keep Alive Random Access Memory (RAM) will return PCM memory to its
default setting. Adaptive learning contents such as idle and fuel trim are included. PCM
reset procedure is part of keep alive RAM reset. See PCM RESET PROCEDURE. If
an error message is received or scan tool is unable to perform keep alive RAM reset
procedure, disconnect negative battery terminal for a minimum for 5 minutes, then go
to next step. If using Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) or New Generation Star
(NGS) scan tool, tum ignition switch to ON position. Select ACTIVE COMMAND
MODES, then select RESET KEEP ALIVE MEMORY. Go to next step.
2. After keep alive RAM has been reset, engine must idle for 15 minutes to learn new idle
air trim values. Idle quality will improve as strategy adapts. Adaptation occurs in 4
separate modes. See IDLE AIR TRIM LEARNING MODES table.
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

IDLE AIR TRIM LEARNING MODES

Transmission Gear Selector
Position A/C Mode
Neutral On
Neutral Off
Drive On
Drive Off

QUICK TEST

Quick Test is divided into 3 specialized test procedures that are functional tests of EEC-V
system. All self-tests are completely menu driven using the New Generation Star (NGS) scan
tool. The following procedures must be followed in sequence to avoid misdiagnosis:

• VISUAL CHECK
• VEHICLE PREPARATION & EQUIPMENT HOOKUP
• KOEO ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST
• KOER ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST
• CONTINUOUS MEMORY SELF-TEST

Complete QUICK TEST before performing any system tests. Record any DTCs retrieved.
Service DTCs in the following order: KOEO DTCs, KOER DTCs, then Continuous Memory
DTCs and service first DIC output. If servicing Continuous Memory DTCs, retrieve any
available freeze frame data. See FREEZE FRANIE DATA MODE under ADDITIONAL
SYSTEM FUNCTIONS in appropriate SELF-DIAGNOSTICS article in ENGINE
PERFORMANCE. Disregard any identical or related Continuous Memory DTCs if
previously serviced. After each service or repair procedure has been completed, always
repeat QUICK TEST procedures to ensure all EEC-V systems are working properly and
DTCs are no longer present.

VISUAL CHECK

Perform the following, and make all necessary repairs before continuing with QUICK TEST:

• Inspect air cleaner and inlet ducts.

• Check all engine vacuum hoses for damage, bends, leaks, cracks, kinks or improper
routing.
• Inspect system wiring harness for proper connections, bent or broken terminals,
corrosion, loose wires and proper routing.
• Check Powertrain Control Module (PCM), sensors and actuators for physical damage.
• Check engine coolant for proper level and mixture.
• Check transmission fluid level and quality.
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

VEHICLE PREPARATION & EQUIPMENT HOOKUP

Apply parking brake, and place shift lever in Park (A/T) or Neutral (MIT) position. Block
drive wheels. Turn off all electrical accessories. Ensure engine is at normal operating
temperature. If vehicle is equipped with an auxiliary powertrain control system (RPM
control), it must be turned off when performing any self-test procedure. Connect appropriate
test equipment to vehicle as follows:

Generic Scan Tool

Ensure scan tool meets or exceeds OBD-II standard. Follow scan tool manufacturer's
operating instructions to hook up equipment and record DTCs.

New Generation STAR Scan Tool

Tum ignition switch to OFF position. Ensure proper memory (EPROM) card is inserted
into NGS scan tool. Connect service connectors of adapter cable to vehicle Data Link
Connector (DLC) and the NGS scan tool. See _Ej_gJ . Connect NGS scan tool power
supply cable to power and go to KOEO ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST.
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

LCD Screen

Vehicle Interface
Module (VIM)

Diagnostic Link
Connector (DLC)

G94H32612

Eig. 2: Identifying New Generation Star (NGS) Scan Tool

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

KOEO ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST

Description

KOEO on-demand self-test is a functional test of PCM performed with ignition switch
turned to ON position, engine off. This test checks if PCM inputs and outputs are
functioning electronically without any faults. A fault must be present at time of testing for
KOEO on-demand self-test to detect a fault.
Performing Self-Test

To perform self-test, tum ignition switch to OFF position. Ensure test equipment is properly
attached. Program scan tool using the following steps:
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

• Select VEHICLE & ENGINE SELECTION menu.

• Select NEW VEHICLE, YEAR & MODEL.
• Select DIAGNOSTIC DATA LINK.
• Select POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE.
• Select DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODE.
• Select KOEO ON-DEMAJ'ill SELF-TEST.
• Tum ignition switch to ON position.
• Follow operating instructions from scan tool menu.
• Record DTCs and perform appropriate system test. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE
CODE DEFINITIONS . After KOEO on-demand self-test is complete, cycle ignition
switch before performing other self-tests or driving vehicle.

KOER ON-DEMAND SELF-TEST

Description

KOER on-demand self-test is a functional test of PCM performed with ignition key on,
engine running. A check of certain inputs and outputs is made during operating conditions
and normal operating temperature. The Brake Pedal Position (BPP) switch, Power Steering
Pressure (PSP) switch and Transmission Control Switch (TCS) tests are part of KOER on-
demand self-test and must be performed during this operation (if applicable). See BPP, PSP
& TCS TEST PROCEDURES . A fault must be present at time of testing for KOER on-
demand self-test to detect a fault.

BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures

This test ensures EEC-V system is able to detect a change of state in brakelight switch, TCS
and PSP switches. During KOER on-demand self-test, the brake pedal must be applied and
then released, TCS must be cycled, and steering wheel must be turned at least 1/4 of a
revolution.

Performing Self-Test

Retrieve any available freeze frame data prior to self-test. See FREEZE FRAME DATA
MODE under ADDITIONAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS in appropriate SELF-
DIAGNOSTICS article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE. To perform self-test, tum ignition
switch to OFF position. Ensure test equipment is properly attached. Program scan tool using
the following steps:

• Select VEHICLE & ENGINE SELECTION menu.

• Select NEW VEHICLE, YEAR & MODEL.
• Select DIAGNOSTIC DATA LINK.
• Select POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODlJLE.
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

• Select DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODE.

• Select RETRIEVE/CLEAR CONTINUOUS DTCs.
• Tum ignition switch to ON position.
• Follow operating instructions from scan tool menu.
• Record DTCs and perform appropriate system test. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE
CODE DEFINITIONS . After continuous memory self-test is complete, cycle ignition
switch before performing other self-tests or driving vehicle.

CONTINUOUS MEMORY SELF-TEST

Description

Continuous memory self-test is a functional test of PCM performed under any condition
(engine running or engine off) with ignition switch turned to ON position. Unlike KOEO and
KOER self-tests which can only be activated on demand, continuous monitor is always
active in monitoring the system. When a fault is detected, DIC will be stored in memory.
This makes it possible to diagnose intermittent faults.

There are 2 types of Continuous Memory DTCs. Emission related DTCs will illuminate the
Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) on instrument cluster. Non-emission DTCs will never
illuminate MIL. On emission-related IVIIL codes, PCM will store DIC in continuous
memory at first detection of concern. The MIL will not be illuminated, but DIC is
considered by PCM to be a pending DIC. If same concern is detected in next drive cycle,
MIL will illuminate. MIL will go out if fault is not present after 3 consecutive drive cycles,
or PCM has been reset. An emission-related pending DIC or non-emission DIC will be
erased after 40-80 warm-up cycles or PCM reset.

Performing Self-Test

Retrieve any available freeze frame data prior to self-test. See FREEZE FRAME DATA
MODE under ADDITIONAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS in appropriate SELF-
DIAGNOSTICS article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE. To perform self-test, tum ignition
switch to OFF position. Ensure test equipment is properly attached. Program scan tool using
the following steps:

• Select VEHICLE & ENGINE SELECTION menu.

• Select NEW VEHICLE, YEAR & MODEL.
• Select DIAGNOSTIC DATA LINK.
• Select POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE.
• Select DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODE.
• Select RETRIEVE/CLEAR CONTINUOUS DTCs.
• Tum ignition switch to ON position.
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

• Follow operating instructions from scan tool menu.

• Record DTCs and perform appropriate system test. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE
CODE DEFINITIONS . After continuous memory self-test is complete, cycle ignition
switch before performing other self-tests or driving vehicle.

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS

POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE INDEX

DTC (l) Description Perform Test
P1246 System Voltage Failure -
A
(1) Codes listed in this table are only for testing covered in this article. For complete
DIC listing, see appropriate SELF-DIAGNOSTICS article in ENGIJ\ffi
PERFORMANCE.

SYSTEM TESTS

CAUTION: When battery is disconnected, vehicle computer and

memory systems may lose memory data. Driveability
problems may exist until computer systems have
completed a relearn cycle. See COMPUTER RELEARN
PROCEDURES article in GENERAL INFORMATION before
disconnecting battery.

NOTE: For proper diagnostics, see VIN CODE IDENTIFICATION table

under IDENTIFICATION.

SYMPTOM INDEX
Symptom Perform Test
Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low A -

Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Not B -

Charging (3.0L Duratec)

Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Not C
Charging (2.0L Zetec)
System Overcharges, Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 D
-

Volts (3.0L Duratec)

System Overcharges, Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 E
-

Volts (2.0L Zetec)

Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is -
F
Charging (3.0L Duratec)
Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is G
Charging (2.0L Zetec)
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition Switch On & Engine H

-

Off (3.0L Duratec)

Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition Switch On & Engine I
Off (2.0L Zetec)
Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent (3.0L Duratec) J
Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent (2.0L Zetec) K
-

Generator Noisy L
-

Radio Interference M
-

TEST A: BATTERY IS DISCHARGED OR VOLTAGE IS LOW

NOTE: Failure to fully charge battery before retesting may cause false
readings.

1. Test battery condition. See BATTERY DRAIN TEST under ON-VEHICLE

TESTING. If battery is okay, go to next step. If battery is not okay, replace battery.
2. Perform generator load and no-load tests. See GENERA TOR LOAD TEST and
GENERA TOR NO-LOAD TEST under ON-VEHICLE TESTING. If generator is
okay, go to next step. If generator is not okay, perform TEST B: WARNING
INDICATOR IS ON WITH ENGINE RUNNING, SYSTEM IS NOT CHARGING
(3.0L DURATEC) or TEST C: WARNING INDICATOR IS ON WITH ENGINE
RUNNING, SYSTEM IS NOT CHARGING (2.0L ZETEC) .
3. Perform BATTERY DRAIN TEST under ON-VEHICLE TESTING. Ifno excessive
current draw was not found, go to next step. If any excessive current draw was found,
repa1r as necessary.
4. Perform ELECTRONIC DRAINS WHICH SHUT OFF WHEN BATTERY
CABLE IS DISCONNECTED under ON-VEHICLE TESTING. If there are any
current drains that shut off when the battery is disconnected, repair as necessary. If no
drains were found, perform TEST B: WARNING INDICATOR IS ON WITH
ENGINE RUNNING, SYSTEM IS NOT CHARGING (3.0L DURATEC) or TEST
C: WARNING INDICATOR IS ON WITH ENGINE RUNNING, SYSTEM IS
NOT CHARGING (2.0L ZETEC) .

TEST B: WARNING INDICATOR IS ON WITH ENGINE RUNNING, SYSTEM IS NOT

CHARGING (3.0L DURA TEC)

1. Measure voltage between ground and generator B+ terminal (Yellow/White wire). See
_Ej_gJ . If battery voltage is present, go to next step. If battery voltage is not present,
repair circuit between generator and battery.
2. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect generator 3-pin harness connector.
Measure voltage between ground and generator connector harness terminal No. 3
(Black/Yell ow wire). See Fig. 4 . If battery voltage is present, go to next step. If battery
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

voltage is not present, repair circuit between generator and battery.

 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

3. Tum ignition switch to RUN position. Measure voltage between ground and generator
harness connector terminal No. 1 (Light Green/Red wire). If battery voltage is present,
go to next step. If battery voltage is not present, repair Light Green/Red wire between
generator and instrument cluster. See WIRING DIAGRAMS.
4. Start engine and run at 2000 RPM. Measure voltage between positive battery terminal
and generator terminal B+ (Yellow/White wire). See EigJ. If voltage is less than 0.5
volt, replace generator. If voltage is 0.5 volt or more, repair Yellow/White wire
between generator and battery.

G94H32141

Fig. 3: Identifying Generator Terminals

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

LJ

2
G00046837

Eig. 4: Identifying Generator Harness Connector Terminals

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO,

TEST C: WARNING INDICATOR IS ON WITH ENGINE RUNNING, SYSTEM IS NOT

CHARGING (2.0L ZETEC)

1. Connect New Generation Star (NGS) tester to Data Link Connector (DLC). Tum ignition
switch to RUN position. Using NGS tester, perform Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
self-test. If no DTCs exist, go to next step. If any DTCs exist, perform appropriate test.
See POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE
INDEX under SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.
2. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect NGS tester. Disconnect generator
3-pin harness connector. Tum ignition switch to Rl.,TI\f position. Measure voltage
between ground and generator harness connector terminal No. 1 (Gray/Orange wire).
See . If voltage is zero volts, go to next step. If voltage is not zero volts, go to
step 4.
3. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect PCM 104-pin harness connector.
Measure resistance in Gray/Orange wire between PCM harness connector terminal No.
59 and generator harness connector terminal No. 1. See and . If resistance
is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open in
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2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

Gray/Orange wire between PCM and generator.

4. Connect generator harness connector. Perform GENERATOR LOAD TEST under
ON-VEHICLE TESTING. If generator is okay, go to next step. If generator is
defective, replace generator.
5. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect PCM harness connector. Inspect
connector for corrosion and pushed out pins. Connect PCM harness connector. Ensure
connector is seated properly. Operate system. If problem still exists, replace PCM. If
system is operating properly, problem may have been caused by a loose or corroded
connector. Clear DTCs. Repeat PCM self-test.

G96F31375

Fig. 5: Identif)'ing Powertrain Control Module Harness Connector Terminals

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

TEST D: SYSTEM OVERCHARGES, BATTERY VOLTAGE IS GREATER THAN 15.5 VOLTS

(3.0L DURATEC)

1. Tum ignition switch to RUN position. Measure voltage between positive battery
terminal and generator harness connector terminal No. 3 (Black/Yellow wire). See fig._
_4 . If voltage is less than .5 volt, go to next step. If voltage is .5 volt or more, repair
high resistance in Black/Yellow wire between generator and battery junction box.
2. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Inspect ground connections between voltage
regulator, generator and engine, and battery and engine. If problem exists, repair
connections as necessary. If all connections are clean and tight, replace generator.

TEST E: SYSTEM OVERCHARGES, BATTERY VOLTAGE IS GREATER THAN 15.5 VOLTS

(2.0L ZETEC)

1. Connect New Generation Star (NGS) tester to Data Link Connector (DLC). Tum
ignition switch to RUN position. Using NGS tester, perform Powertrain Control
Module (PCM) self-test. If no DTCs exist, go to next step. If any DTCs exist, perform
appropriate test. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS under
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.
2. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect NGS tester. Start engine and let
idle. Turn all accessories off. Measure voltage between battery terminals while varying
engine speed. If voltage is less than 15 volts, system is operating correctly. If voltage is
15 volts or more, go to next step.
3. Tum i!mition switch to LOCK nosition. Disconnect !Ienerator 3-nin harness connector.
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

Start engine and let idle. Perform load and no-load tests on generator. See
GENERATOR LOAD TEST and GENERATOR NO-LOAD TEST under ON-
VEHICLE TESTING. If generator is okay, go to next step. If generator is defective,
replace generator.
4. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Measure voltage between ground and generator
harness connector terminal No. 3 (Black/Yellow wire). See . If voltage is less
than 0.5 volt from battery voltage, replace generator. If voltage is not less than 0.5 volt
from battery voltage, repair high resistance in Black/Yellow wire between generator
and battery junction box.

TEST F: WARNING INDICATOR IS ON WITH ENGINE RUNNING, SYSTEM IS CHARGING

(3.0L DURATEC)

Disconnect generator 3-pin harness connector. Tum ignition switch to RUN position. Check
warning indicator. If warning indicator illuminates, repair short to ground in Light
Green/Red wire between generator and instrument cluster. If warning indicator does not
illuminate, replace generator.

TEST G: WARNING INDICATOR IS ON WITH ENGINE RUNNING, SYSTEM IS CHARGING

(2.0L ZETEC)

1. Connect New Generation Star (NGS) tester to Data Link Connector (DLC). Tum
ignition switch to RUN position. Using NGS tester, perform Powertrain Control
Module (PCM) self-test. If no DTCs exist, go to next step. If any DTCs exist, perform
appropriate test. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS under
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.
2. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect NGS tester. Start engine and let
idle. Turn all accessories off. Measure voltage between battery terminals while varying
engine speed. If voltage is less than 15 volts, go to next step. If voltage is 15 volts or
more, perform TEST E: SYSTEM OVERCHARGES, BATTERY VOLTAGE IS
GREATER THAN 15.5 VOLTS (2.0L ZETEC) .
3. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect generator 3-pin harness connector.
Tum ignition switch to RUN position. Measure voltage between ground and generator
harness connector terminal No. 3 (Black/Yellow wire). See Fig. 4 . If voltage is equal
to battery voltage, go to next step. If voltage is not equal to battery voltage, repair
Black/Yell ow wire between generator and battery junction box.
4. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect PCM 104-pin harness connector.
Measure resistance between ground and PCM harness connector terminal No. 59
(Gray/Orange wire). If resistance is 10 k/ohms or more, go to next step. If resistance is
less than 10 k/ohms, repair short to ground in Gray/Orange wire between generator and
PCM.
5. Connect PCM harness connector and generator harness connector. Perform load and
no-load tests on generator. See GENERATOR LOAD TEST and GENERATOR
NO-LOAD TEST under ON-VEHICLE TESTING. If generator is okay, go to next
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

step. If generator is defective, replace generator.

6. Disconnect PCM harness connectors. Inspect connector for corrosion and pushed out
pins. Connect PCM harness connector. Ensure connector is seated properly. Operate
system. If problem still exists, replace PCM. If system is operating properly, problem
may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. Clear DTCs. Repeat PCM
self-test.

TEST H: WARNING INDICATOR IS OFF WITH IGNITION SWITCH ON & ENGINE OFF (3.0L
DURATEC)

Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect generator 3-pin harness connector.
Connect a fused jumper wire between ground and generator harness connector terminal No.
1 (Light Green/Red wire). See Fig. 4 . Tum ignition switch to RUJ\f position. If warning
indicator illuminates, replace generator. If warning indicator does not illuminate, repair
warning indicator problem as necessary. See appropriate ANALOG INSTRUMENT
PANELS article in ACCESSORIES & EQUIPMENT.

TEST I: WARNING INDICATOR IS OFF WITH IGNITION SWITCH ON & ENGINE OFF (2.0L
ZETEC)

1. Connect New Generation Star (NGS) tester to Data Link Connector (DLC). Tum
ignition switch to RUN position. Using NGS tester, perform Powertrain Control
Module (PCM) self-test. If no DTCs exist, go to next step. If any DTCs exist, perform
appropriate test. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS under
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.
2. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect NGS tester. Disconnect generator
3-pin harness connector. Connect a fused (15-amp) jumper wire between ground and
generator harness connector terminal No. 1 (Gray/Orange wire). See .Tum
ignition switch to RUN position. If warning indicator does not illuminate, go to next
step. If warning indicator illuminates, replace generator.
3. Disconnect PCM harness connector. Inspect connector for corrosion and pushed out
pins. Connect PCM harness connector. Ensure connector is seated properly. Operate
system. If problem still exists, replace PCM. If system is operating properly, problem
may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. Clear DTCs. Repeat PCM
self-test.

TEST J: WARNING INDICATOR FLICKERS OR IS INTERMITTENT (3.0L DURATEC)

1. Inspect all generator, battery, and power distribution connections for looseness,
corrosion, loose or bent terminals, or loose eyelets. If connections are clean and tight,
go to next step. If problem exists, repair as necessary.
2. Start engine and let idle. Inspect battery junction box fuse No. 11 (15-amp) for
looseness. Wiggle fuse and note warning indicator operation. If warning indicator does
not flicker, go to next step. If warning indicator flickers, repair loose fuse connections.
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

3. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Connect a fused jumper wire between positive
battery terminal and generator harness connector terminal No. 3 (Black/Yellow wire).
See Fig. 4 . Start engine and let idle. Note warning indicator operation. If warning
indicator flickers, repair warning indicator problem as necessary. See appropriate
ANALOG INSTRUMENT PANELS article in ACCESSORIES & EQUIPMENT. If
warning indicator does not flicker, repair loose connection(s) in circuits.

TEST K: WARNING INDICATOR FLICKERS OR IS INTERNIITTENT (2.0L ZETEC)

1. Connect New Generation Star (NGS) tester to Data Link Connector (DLC). Tum
ignition switch to RUN position. Using NGS tester, perform Powertrain Control
Module (PCM) self-test. If no DTCs exist, go to next step. If any DTCs exist, perform
appropriate test. See DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS under
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.
2. Disconnect generator 3-pin harness connector. Inspect all generator, battery, and power
distribution connections for looseness, corrosion, loose or bent terminals, or loose
eyelets. Connect generator connector. If problem does not exist, go to next step. If
problem exists, repair connections as necessary.
3. Start engine and let idle. Inspect battery junction box fuse No. 11 (15-amp) for
looseness. Wiggling fuse and note warning indicator operation. If warning indicator
does not flicker, go to next step. If warning indicator flickers, repair loose fuse
connections as necessary.
4. Tum all accessories off. Measure voltage between battery terminals while varying
engine speed. If voltage is less than 15 volts, go to next step. If voltage is 15 volts or
more, perform TEST E: SYSTEM OVERCHARGES, BATTERY VOLTAGE IS
GREATER THAN 15.5 VOLTS (2.0L ZETEC) .
5. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect generator 3-pin harness connector.
Tum ignition switch to RUN position. Connect a fused jumper wire between ground
and generator harness connector terminal No. 1 (Gray/Orange wire). See Fig. 4 . If
warning indicator illuminates, go to next step. If warning indicator does not illuminate,
repair open in Gray/Orange wire between generator and PCM.
6. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Remove jumper wire. Connect generator
harness connector. Tum ignition switch to RUN position. Observe warning indicator
operation. If warning indicator does not illuminate, go to next step. If warning indicator
illuminates, PCM is operating properly. Recheck generator circuits for intermittent
shorts or opens.
7. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Disconnect PCM harness connector. Inspect
connector for corrosion and pushed out pins. Connect PCM harness connector. Ensure
connector is seated properly. Operate system. If problem still exists, replace PCM. If
system is operating properly, problem may have been caused by a loose or corroded
connector. Clear DTCs. Repeat PCM self-test.

TEST L: GENERA TOR NOISY

 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

1. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Check accessory drive belt for damage and
correct installation. Check mounting brackets and pulleys for looseness and damage. If
problem does not exist, go to next step. If problem exists, repair as necessary.
2. Check generator installation. Ensure all fasteners are tight. If problem does not exist, go
to next step. If problem exists, repair as necessary.
3. Disconnect generator 3-pin harness connector. Start engine and let idle. Tum headlights
on. Turn rear defogger on. Tum blower motor to high speed. If noise still exists, go to
next step. If noise does not still exist, replace generator.
4. Tum ignition switch to LOCK position. Connect generator harness connector. Start
engine and let idle. Turn all accessories off. Using a stethoscope, check generator for
unusual mechanical noise. If generator is source of noise, replace generator. If
generator is not source of noise, isolate noise and repair as necessary.

TEST M: RADIO INTERFERENCE

Start engine and let idle. Tune radio to station where interference is present. Turn ignition
switch to LOCK position. Disconnect generator 3-pin harness connector. Start engine and let
idle. If interference is still present, repair radio concern. If interference is not still present,
replace generator.

REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

CAUTION: When battery is disconnected, vehicle computer and

memory systems may lose memory data. Driveability
problems may exist until computer systems have
completed a relearn cycle. See appropriate COMPUTER
RELEARN PROCEDURES article in GENERAL
INFORMATION before disconnecting battery.

GENERATOR

Removal & Installation (2.0L Zetec)

1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove right front wheel and tire. Remove 5 bolts
and right front lower splash shield. Rotate accessory drive belt tensioner clockwise.
Remove accessory drive belt from generator pulley. Disconnect generator electrical
connectors to voltage regulator. Remove B+ terminal cover, nut and disconnect
electrical connector. Remove lower generator bolts.

NOTE: Prior to installing generator, ensure upper bolt is placed in

generator.

2. Loosen upper generator bolt from engine. DO NOT remove upper bolt from generator.
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

Insufficient clearance does not allow bolt to be completely removed. Move generator to
 2004 Ford Escape
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

rear of vehicle. Remove generator. To install, reverse removal procedure. Tighten

fasteners to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS .
Removal & Installation (3.0L Duratec)

Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove right side front drive halfshaft and intermediate
shaft. See appropriate AXLE SHAFTS article in DRIVE AXLES. Remove right side lower
splash shield screws and pin-type retainer. Remove right front wheel and tire. Remove 5
bolts and right front lower splash shield. Rotate accessory drive belt tensioner clockwise.
Remove accessory drive belt from generator pulley. Disconnect generator harness connector.
Remove upper and lower mounting bolts and generator from vehicle. Remove generator
mounting bracket. Remove generator electrical connectors. To install, reverse removal
procedure. Tighten fasteners to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS .

POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE

Removal & Installation

Disconnect negative battery cable. Loosen Powertrain Control Module (PCM) cover bolt.
Disconnect electrical connector. Remover cover nuts and cover. Remove PCM. To install,
reverse removal procedure. Tighten bolts and nuts to specification. See TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS .

GENERATOR SPECIFICATIONS

GENERATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Application Specification
Generator Amperage Rating 110 Amps
Load Test (l)
With Tester Load( 2) (3)

Without Tester Load( 4) (5)

No-Load Test (l) ( 2) 13-15 Volts

(1) All tests are performed with engine running at 2000 RPM.

(2) All accessories off.

(3) Adjust tester load bank to determine generator output.

(4) Perform this test with engine running, A/Con, blower motor on high speed, and
headlamps on high beam.
(5) With accessories on, voltage should increase a minimum of 0.5 volt above base
voltage.
 2004 Ford Escape
r
2002-04 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Generators & Regulators - Escape

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Application Ft. Lbs. (N.m)
Generator Bolts
2.0L (Lower) 35 (47)
2.0L (Upper) 18 (24)
3.0L 35 (47)
Generator Mounting Bracket Bolts 15 (20)
INCH Lbs. (N.m)
Generator Terminal B+ Nut 71 (8)
Powertrain Control Module Bolts & Nuts 53 (6)

WIRING DIAGRAMS
2002

For wiring diagrams, see STARTING/CHARGING in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS.

2003

For wiring diagrams, see STARTING/CHARGIJ\fG in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS.

2004

For wiring diagrams, see STARTING/CHARGIJ\fG in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS.