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4G MOBILE NETWORKS – TECHNOLOGY BEYOND 2.5G AND 3G
4G CHARACTERISTICS
4G ‫خصائص‬
1. CONVERGENCE SERVICES
‫تقارب او دمج انخذمات‬
The idea of convergence means that the creation of the atmosphere that can eventually provide
seamless and high-reliable and quality broadband mobile communication service and ubiquitous
service through wired and wireless convergence networks without the space problem and terrestrial
limitation, by means of ubiquitous connectivity.

4G mobile systems will mainly be characterized by a horizontal communication model, where such
different access technologies as cellular, cordless, wireless LAN type systems, short-range wireless
connectivity, and wired systems will be combined on a common platform to complement each other in
the best possible way for different service requirements and radio environments

2. BROADBAND SERVICES
‫خذمات ترودتانذ‬

Broadband is a basis for the purpose of enabling multimedia communications including video service,
which requires transmission of a large amount of data; it naturally calls media convergence aspect,
based on packet transport, advocating the integration of various media on different qualities.

The increasing position of broadband services like Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) and
optical fiber access systems and office or home LANs is expected to lead to a demand for similar
services in the mobile communication environment.

4G service application characteristics will give broadband service its advantages;

‫ سوف تعطي خذمات اننطاق انعريض (ترودتانذ) مزاياه‬4G ‫خصائص خذمة تطثيك‬
1- Low cost
2- Coverage of Wide Area
3- Wide Variety of Services Capability

3. INTERACTIVE BCN (ALL-IP) WITH HOME-NETWORKING, TELEMETRIC, SENSOR-NETWORK

SERVICES
‫ مستشعر خذمة انشثكة‬، ‫ انقياس واالرسال عن تعذ‬، ‫) مع شثكات انمنزنية‬BCN (ALL-IP)( ‫تفاعم شثكة تقارب او دمج انثرودتانذ‬

 Evolution of all network services based on All-IP network is needed for more converged
services.
 IP-based unified network for far above the ground quality convergence services through active
access is what broadband convergence network is all about.
 ALL-IP or Next Generation Network-IP based convergence of wired or wired backbone
network, which may be the most rapidly deployed case of convergence.

 All-IP technology networking and IP multimedia services are the major trends in the wired and
wireless network.

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 The idea of the broadband convergence network (BcN) fit in the provision of a common,
unified, and flexible service architecture that can support multiple types of services and
management applications over multiple types of transport networks.

 The primary purpose of putting 4G service application into more interactive driven broadband
convergence network is its applicability for home-networking, telemetric, and sensor-network
service.

 Collaborative converged network will give a more beneficial service and application, especially
if it is in broadband computing to the users and its providers.

 To give more emphasis on this service application, one example is home networking

4. FLEXIBILITY AND PERSONALIZED SERVICE

‫انمرونة وانخذمة انشخصية‬

The key concern in security designs for 4G networks is flexibility. 4G systems will support
comprehensive and personalized services, providing stable system performance and quality of
service.
To support multimedia services, high-data rate services with good system reliability will be provided
At the same time, a low data rate transmission cost will be maintained.

In order to meet the demands of these diverse users, service providers should design personal and
customized services for them.

Personal mobility concentrates on the movement of users instead of users’ terminals, and involves
the provision of personal communications and personalized operating environments
Implementing SDR to 4G offers an advantage benefits to service providers, manufacturers and
subscribers as well; such as, for service providers
1. Enhance the effectiveness of the infrastructure resources.
2. Superior space efficiency
3. Decrease operational expenditure suitable to reduced need for hardware site upgrades.
4. Decrease capital expenditure because of rise in usage of accessible network elements.
5. Improbable and faster time to market for new service and applications.

The benefit of SDR for manufacturers is through a decrease in the number of separate platforms
which will be needed for the purpose of the diverse wireless technologies.

CANDIDATE SERVICES BEYOND 3G

1 3GPP LTE
The initiative in 3GPP LTE or the so-called Third Generation Partnership Programme – Long Term
Evolution is the name given to a project develops the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS) mobile phone standard to cope and manage with future requirements in terms of wireless
technology

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Objectives include
♦ improving efficiency,
♦ lowering costs,
♦ improving services,
♦ making use of new spectrum opportunities,
♦ Better integration with other open standards.

Essentially a wireless broadband Internet system with voice and other services built on top. The aim
of the project comprises of:

 Download rates of 100Mbps, and upload rates of 50Mbps for every 20MHz of spectrum Sub-
5ms latency for small IP packets

 Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.6MHz.

 Coexistence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an
area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation
without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

3GPP LTE is planned as a development to existing 3GPP standards

2. WIMAX AND WIBRO

WiMAX is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and this technology is a standard created
by IEEE to form the IEEE 802.16 standard Based pm WiBro uses the Mobile WiMAX System Profile.
The system profile contains a comprehensive list of features that the equipment is required or allowed
to support
As a result, WiBro offers the same capabilities and features of Mobile WiMAX. It describes this
technology as an alternative to cable and DSL and a standards-based technology enabling and
allowing the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access.

The aim of the project comprises of:

 Peak downlink sector data rates up to 46 Mbps, assuming a DL/UL ratio of 3:1, and peak
uplink sector data rates up to 14 Mbps, assuming a DL/UL ratio of 1:1, in a 10 MHz channel
 Support end-to-end IP-based QoS
 Available different channelization from 1.25 to 20 MHz to comply with varied worldwide
requirements.
WiMAX has a two stage evolution steps.

 First, the expansion of the overall fixed wireless market will not going to happen as a result of
WiMAX technology, slow migration of purchasing behavior from proprietary equipment to
WiMAX equipment. In adopting and implementing WiMAX equipment, service providers will be
skeptical pending and until prices drop to the point where service providers cannot manage to
pay to disregard WiMAX. Currently,

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 Users will see the beginning of the 2nd stage of WiMAX, which is the dawn of metro area
portability. Since 802.16e or the so called Broadband Wireless Access Standards was
approved already, laptops and other mobile devices can now embed with WiMAX chipsets, so
the user can now have Internet access ubiquitously with in WiMAX areas. So, the WiMAX’s 2nd
stage might be very disruptive and upsetting to 3G operators and could drive a round of WiMAX
network overlays in urban zones.
3. IEEE 802.20

The IEEE 802.20 or so-called Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) specification is also the
first IEEE standard that explicitly addresses the needs of mobile clients in moving vehicles
The design parameters of the specification include support for vehicular mobility up to 250 Km per
hour.
This criterion will support use in fleet cars and trucks, as well as in the high-speed commuter trains in
use throughout much of the world.

802.16e's 802.20 Both (802.16e's and 3G

802.20)
roaming support is shares with 3G the Supports QoS to give good 3G cellular data service,
generally limited to local ability to support global quality for low-latency which is an inherently
and regional areas roaming services. high-latency architecture

Plans to combine a share synchronous the asynchronous nature

number of the desirable efficiency between uplinks of 3G cellular networks,
features of 802.16e with and downlinks, which have lower-
efficiency uplinks, relative
those of 3G cellular
to their downlinks
data networks, while
reducing the limitations
of both those
modalities.
802.20 solutions will
address the need for a
broad spectrum of
functionality for mobile
business and personal
computing
implementations.

Higher efficiency uplinks can be beneficial to those business users who must perform large data
synchronizations or uploads to central corporate systems from their mobile systems.

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SCENARIOS

1. SCENARIO OUTLINE

A key feature of 4G is likely to be the availability of significantly higher data rates than for third-
generation (3G) systems. It has been suggested that data rates up to 100 Mbps for high mobility and
1 Gbps for low mobility should be the target value

These data rates suggest higher spectral efficiencies and lower cost per bit will be key requirements
for such future systems

Additional important and expected features are likely to be increased flexibility of mobile terminals
and networks, multimedia services, and high-speed data connections

The advent of 4G service will bring a number of changes of competition environment, regulation and
policy as well as service change into future wireless communication

In the on-going 4G studies in the standardization bodies and relative industries, one of the aims is to
establish an integral wireless system that would seamlessly connect the enhanced forms of existing
3G wireless systems such as WCDMA with HSDPA.

Existing carriers will maintain present customer base and services are integrated 4G

On the other hand, however, it has become possible by technological innovation that non-3G wireless
services develop as competitors against 3G services such as WiMAX, or further enhanced IEEE 802
standards

In addition, individuals and organizations have started providing open and free wireless
communication services by opening up, through various technologies

2. SCENARIO OPTIONS

SCENARIO 1

Current 3G service is evolved into 3GPP LTE (long term evolution) which is one of the candidate
technologies for 4G.

Under the 3GPP LTE, 4G technology will be used basically in 3G spectrum and platform that means
existing carriers maintain present customer base and services are integrated 4G

To support broadband service there will be an additional spectrum band with current 3G spectrum
band. 3GPP LTE plan to support All-IP based backbone network to connect with other heterogeneous
networks seamlessly.

In this scenario, 3G incumbent service providers will maintain current subscribers and 3G services
will be integrated to 4G. On the other hand, WiMAX and other services will not have a market power
but they will be a complement service to 3GPP LTE

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SCENARIO 2

Fixed wireless, led by IEEE, enhances techniques to support mobility and fulfill 4G characteristics.
Especially, mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) technology, WiBro in Korea, is very close to 4G
technology which includes OFDM and MIMO. Moreover, there will be a possibility that IEEE 802.20
technology support high mobility to compensate low mobility of WiMAX

Incumbent service providers based on 3G get smaller market power and there will be a chance for
new service providers which control current subscriber connections.

Competition structure in the market will be shifted and changed.

SCENARIO 3
Both 3G LTE and WiMAX exist. They are in a complementary relationship with each other.
Subscribers would possess both 3GPP LTE and WiMAX terminals, and they will adapt to use either
of them according to the usage scene and needs.

By the SDR (software defined radio) technology, subscribers will get flexibility between different
services. Additionally, there could be new mobile access service as well in a new spectrum band.

Current minor service provider will try to adopt this new radio access technology to get future market
power, and also new service providers will appear to enter the market.

Number of different service providers will compete for the leadership break out upon introduction of
4G

SCENARIO 4

Arrival of wireless IP phones utilizing high quality VoIP through various networks would enable free
transmission services to absorb the need of both voice calls and multimedia service so that handheld
makers will get much power than service providers based on the Software defined Radio (SDR)
technology.

These handheld makers will lead service integration including free transmissions by developing their
own multi-mode handsets that would not require reliance upon particular operators.

Service providers would get limited market such as high quality sensitive business users.

Handheld manufacturers and contents providers regard the free transmission market that secures
subscribers as important, and develop unique products and services that would appeal to the users.

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FEASIBILITY

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
4G should fulfill convergence, broadband, flexibility, personalized services and All-IP network.

In the first scenario, 3GPP LTE include reduced latency, higher user data rates up to 100 Mbps with
high mobility, improved system capacity and coverage, and reduced overall cost for the operator.it is
expected that IP-based 3GPP services will be provided through various access technologies.

In the second scenario, mobile WiMAX and IEEE 802.20 also meet all the requirements for mobile
Internet access. It supports multiple handoff mechanisms, power-saving mechanisms for mobile
devices, advanced QoS and low latency for improved support of real-time applications.
Mobile WiMAX was designed from the ground up to be an All-IP technology.

In the scenario 1, subscribers will get broadband service with high mobility without any confusion
because WCDMA providers can make their current infrastructure reusable for 3GPP LTE

In the scenario 2, subscribers will experience new technology with a two-to-three year time advantage
over the first scenario, 3GPP LTE, which is still in the early stage of development.

In the scenario 3, subscribers will have choices between 3GPP LTE and mobile WiMAX. 3G service
providers may deploy WiMAX as an overlay to their 3G networks and to make an evolution to 4G
because in the beginning stage of each technology, technical characteristics are a bit different each
other so that each technology can be compensate each other

In the scenario 4, regulation issue is more important than feasibility of technologies such as VoIP and
SDRs. Except technology development; there remain significant commercial, regulatory, and
technological hurdles to overcome especially, spectrum sharing methodology should be implemented
for the dynamic spectrum access related to SDR.

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SWOT ANALYSIS – 4G

Strengths in 4G:

- 4G visions take into account installed base and past investments

- Strong position of telecommunications vendors expected in the marketplace.
- Faster data transmission and higher bit rate and bandwidth, allow more business applications and
commercialization
- Has advantage for personalized multimedia communication tools

Weakness in 4G:

- No large user community for advanced mobile data applications yet

- Growing divergence between telecommunications vendors and operators
- Not possible to offer full internet experience due to limited speed and bandwidth
- Comparatively higher cost to use and deploy infrastructure compared fast mobile generation

Opportunities in 4G:

- Evolutionary approach may yield opportunities for the 4G

- Emphasis on heterogeneous networks capitalizes on past investments
- Strategic alliance and coalition opportunities with traditional no telecommunication industries
- Sophisticated and mature commercialization of 4G technology would encourage more applications
of e-commerce and m-commerce
- Worldwide economy recover stimulates consumption and consumer confidence; therefore bring in
opportunities for telecommunication sections
- It is expected and predicted that consumers will continue to replace handsets with newer technology
at a fast rate.
- Desirable higher data capacity rates, the growth opportunity for 4G is very bright and hopeful.

Threats in 4G:

- Faster rate of growth and developments in other region

- Since 3G mobile is still in the market, it squeezes the market competition in the mobile industry.

CONCLUSION

As we come up with the SWOT analysis out of this 4G technology, it is inevitable that 4G would
completely replace 3G in a long run. Nevertheless, 4G and 3G tend to keep a co-competitive
relationship in a short run. In order for 4G to grow in the future market, it is unavoidable to compete
with 3G and acquire 3G’s customers.

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