Phychem Lab Format

DENSITY DETERMINATION BY PYCNOMETER
A Laboratory Research Study Presented to the
Faculty of the Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering and Architecture
Saint Louis University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering
by
Corsal, Joseph Kenneth B.
Camat, Danae B.
Contada,Precy B.
Javier, Mae Angellene C.
Sinano, Gervase G.
Valencerina, Czarette
August 2017
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their greatest gratitude to the following that extended
their help to finish the study.
First and foremost the researchers would like to thank God for giving them strength, ability
and knowledge to undertake the experiment and report and to persevere and complete it
satisfactorily.
The researchers would also like to thank the members of group seven and their classmates for
participating actively from the experiment work and report preparation.
To the laboratory technicians, for providing them the apparatus and reagents needed in the
experiment they express their warmest thanks.
The researcher would like to give their biggest appreciation to their instruction, Engineer
Mila Rose dela Rosa and their stand-in instructor Engineer Katelyn Gabon for the unending
guidance, support and supervision throughout the whole experiment process and for the
knowledge and information that they have shared that lead them to an agreeable outcome.
And lastly to the researchers parents and family, to whom they are forever grateful and
thankful for giving them the love, support and encouragement that they need they give their
deepest respect and love.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
ABSTRACT vi
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 2: DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 4
Chapter 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5
Chapter 4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 7
REFERENCES 8
APPENDICES 9
APPENDIX A : DEFINITION OF TERMS 9
APPENDIX B : CALCULATION / COMPUTATION 10
APPENDIX C: LIST OF APPARATUS 11
APPENDIX D: MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 12
iii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Data for the experimental value of density for Water 5
Table 3.2 Data for the experimental value of density for Chloroform 6
Table 3.3 Data for the experimental value of density for Methanol 6
Table E.1 Hydrochloric acid MSDS 15
Table E.1.1 Section 1: Chemical Product 15
Table E.1.2 Composition and Information on Ingredients 16
Table E.1.3 Hazards Identification 16
Table E.1.4 First Aid Measures 17
Table E.1.5 Fire and Explosion Data 18
Table E.2 Chloroform MSDS 19
Table E.2.1 Chemical Product 20
Table E.3 Methanol MSDS 23
Table E.3.1 Chemical Product 23
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure D.1: Cleaning the pycnometer with hydrochloric acid 13
followed by distilled water
Figure D.2: Drying the pycnometer using a dryer 13
Figure D.3: weighing of the pycnometer with the reagents 14
v
ABSTRACT
The density of a substance is the ratio of its mass to its volume. Mathematically, density, , is
expressed as: =, where m is mass and v is volume. Density is also affected by pressure
and temperature (especially gases). The density of a given liquid was obtained using a
pycnometer. A pycnometer is a flask with a close-fitting glass stopper (or a thermometer)
with a fine hole through it, so that a given volume can be accurately obtained. This enables
the density to be measured accurately, by reference to an appropriate working fluid such as
water, using an analytical balance. The values of density for chloroform and methanol was
measured in reference to the measured value of the density of water using the same
pycnometer. The temperatures of the liquids were also measured. Three trials were conducted
in each of the liquids for accuracy. The derived working equation for the densities of
chloroform and methanol was: =22. Percent errors, with true
values obtained from the Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, are very minimal resulting
to values: 0.0501% for water, 0.3971% for chloroform, and 2.0382% for methanol.
Keywords: Density, Pycnometer
vi

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DENSITY DETERMINATION BY PYCNOMETER

A Laboratory Research Study Presented to the

Faculty of the Department of Chemical Engineering

School of Engineering and Architecture

Saint Louis University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering

Corsal, Joseph Kenneth B.

Javier, Mae Angellene C.

their help to finish the study.

participating actively from the experiment work and report preparation.

experiment they express their warmest thanks.

deepest respect and love.

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

Chapter 2: DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 4

Chapter 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5

Chapter 4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 7

APPENDIX A : DEFINITION OF TERMS 9

APPENDIX B : CALCULATION / COMPUTATION 10

APPENDIX C: LIST OF APPARATUS 11

APPENDIX D: MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 12

Table E.1 Hydrochloric acid MSDS 15

Table E.1.1 Section 1: Chemical Product 15

Table E.1.2 Composition and Information on Ingredients 16

Table E.1.3 Hazards Identification 16

Table E.1.4 First Aid Measures 17

Table E.1.5 Fire and Explosion Data 18

Table E.2 Chloroform MSDS 19

Table E.2.1 Chemical Product 20

Table E.2.2 Composition and Information on Ingredients 20

Table E.2.3 Hazards Identification 21

Table E.2.4 First Aid Measures 21

Table E.2.5 Fire and Explosion Data 22

Table E.3 Methanol MSDS 23

Table E.3.1 Chemical Product 23

Table E.3.2 Composition and Information on Ingredients 24

Table E.3.3 Hazards Identification 24

Table E.3.4 First Aid Measures 25

Table E.3.5 Fire and Explosion Data 26

Figure D.1: Cleaning the pycnometer with hydrochloric acid 13

followed by distilled water

Figure D.2: Drying the pycnometer using a dryer 13

Figure D.3: weighing of the pycnometer with the reagents 14

pycnometer. A pycnometer is a flask with a close-fitting glass stopper (or a thermometer)

the density to be measured accurately, by reference to an appropriate working fluid such as

chloroform and methanol was: =22. Percent errors, with true

Keywords: Density, Pycnometer

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