Preventive and Social Medicine Mnemonics

Diseases for global eradication

Small Person is Mr. Dracula
1.

Smallpox

2.

Polio

3.

Measles

4.

Dracunculiasis
Types of Vaccines
STARK

1.

Subunit

2.

Toxoid

3.

Attenuated (live)

4.

Recombinant

5.

Killed (inactivated)
Protein content of milk

1.

Human: ~1.1 %

2.

Cow: ~2.2 %

3.

Buffalo: ~3.3 %

4.

Goat: ~4.4 %
Polio vaccines
SalK : Killed Polio vaccine
OraL (Sabin) : Live Polio vaccine
Prevalance of disease
PID
Prevalance = Incidence x Duration
Antioxidant vitamins
ACE

1.

Vitamin A

2.

Vitamin C and

3.

Vitamin E
Uses of Normal human immunoglobulin
HAM

1.

Hepatitis A

2.

Measles prophylaxis
Diseases caused by Aedes aegypti
Rosy Cheeks, Yellow Dimple

1.

Rift valley fever

2.

Chikungunya

3.

Yellow fever

4.

Dengue

Live attenuated vaccines

ROME Is My Best Place To go Yet
1.

Rubella

2.

Oral polio vaccine (OPV)

3.

Measles

4.

Epidemic typhus

5.

Influenza

6.

Mumps

7.

BCG

8.

Plague

9.

Typhoid oral vaccine

10.

Yellow fever
Cereals and pulses and their lacking Amino acid
CMPL

Cereals + Pulses = Complete food.

Cerelas have Methinone and Pulses have Lysine.

When it comes to the deficient amino acid, just reverse it.

Passively immunized diseases with antisera
DetecTive BRG

1.

Diptheria

2.

Tetanus

3.

Botulism

4.

Rabies

5.

Gas gangrene
Suicide risk factors
SAD PERSONS

1.

Sex: male

2.

Age: young, elderly

3.

Depression

4.

Previous suicide attempts

5.

Ethanol and other drugs

6.

Reality testing/ Rational thought (loss of)

7.

Social support lacking

8.

Organized suicide plan

9.

No spouse

10.

Sickness/ Stated future intent

Poisson distribution formula

MNEMONIc: M to the Nth power times E to the Minus nth Over N factorial
Formula is: [(m^n) * (e^-n)] / n!
Accuracy of test: Sensitivity and Specificity

seNsitivity of a test: related to the rate of false Negatives.

sPecificity of a test: related to the rate of false Positives.

Hill criteria for Causality
Clowns Pursuing Epidemiology Commonly Behind The Silly Samples

1.

Consistency

2.

Plausibility

Preventive and Social Medicine

Mnemonics
Experimentation

Diseases for global eradication

Small Person is Mr. Dracula
1.

Smallpox

2.

Polio

3.

Measles

4.

Dracunculiasis
Types of Vaccines
STARK

1.

Subunit

2.

Toxoid

3.

Attenuated (live)

4.

Recombinant

5.

Killed (inactivated)
Protein content of milk

1.

Human: ~1.1 %

2.

Cow: ~2.2 %

3.

Buffalo: ~3.3 %

4.

Goat: ~4.4 %
Polio vaccines

SalK : Killed Polio vaccine

OraL (Sabin) : Live Polio vaccine
Prevalance of disease
PID
Prevalance = Incidence x Duration
Antioxidant vitamins
ACE
1.

Vitamin A

2.

Vitamin C and

3.

Vitamin E
Uses of Normal human immunoglobulin
HAM

1.

Hepatitis A

2.

Measles prophylaxis
Diseases caused by Aedes aegypti
Rosy Cheeks, Yellow Dimple

1.

Rift valley fever

2.

Chikungunya

3.

Yellow fever

4.

Dengue
Live attenuated vaccines
ROME Is My Best Place To go Yet

1.

Rubella

2.

Oral polio vaccine (OPV)

3.

Measles

4.

Epidemic typhus

5.

Influenza

6.

Mumps

7.

BCG

8.

Plague

9.

Typhoid oral vaccine

10.

Yellow fever
Cereals and pulses and their lacking Amino acid
CMPL

Cereals + Pulses = Complete food.

Cerelas have Methinone and Pulses have Lysine.

When it comes to the deficient amino acid, just reverse it.

Passively immunized diseases with antisera
DetecTive BRG

1.

Diptheria

2.

Tetanus

3.

Botulism

4.

Rabies

5.

Gas gangrene
Suicide risk factors
SAD PERSONS

1.

Sex: male

2.

Age: young, elderly

3.

Depression

4.

Previous suicide attempts

5.

Ethanol and other drugs

6.

Reality testing/ Rational thought (loss of)

7.

Social support lacking

8.

Organized suicide plan

9.

No spouse

10.

Sickness/ Stated future intent

Poisson distribution formula
MNEMONIc: M to the Nth power times E to the Minus nth Over N factorial
Formula is: [(m^n) * (e^-n)] / n!
Accuracy of test: Sensitivity and Specificity

seNsitivity of a test: related to the rate of false Negatives.

sPecificity of a test: related to the rate of false Positives.

Hill criteria for Causality
Clowns Pursuing Epidemiology Commonly Behind The Silly Samples

1.

Consistency

2.

Plausibility

3.

Experimentation

4.

Biological gradient

5.

Coherence

6.

Temporality

7.

Strength of association

8.

Specificity
Recall bias
REcall bias is a problem with REtrospective studies and is based on ability to REmember.
Prevention: primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary

1.

Primary: Predisposing factors decreased

2.

Secondary: Severity decreased

3.

Tertiary: Therapy, Training

Cigarette smoke: major carcinogens
PANT

1.

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

2.

Aromatic amines

3.

Nitrosamines

4.

Tar
Nicotine and Carbon monoxide are Non-Carcinogenic.
Error: type I (alpha) vs. type II (beta)
Type I (Alpha) Error: There Is An Effect where in reality there is none.
Reliability

Random Error

REduces

REliability (REproducibility)
Causation
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) : check BP continuously

1.

Temporal

2.

Specificity

3.

Strength

4.

Consistency

5.

Biological Plausibility

6.

Coherence
Vitamin B
The RN Played Barcelona FC
TRNPBFC

1.

B1 Thiamine

2.

B2 Riboflavin

3.

B3 Niacin (nicotinic acid)

4.

B6 Pyridoxine

5.

B7- Biotin

6.

B9 Folic acid

7.

B12 Cyanocobalamin
Assesment of Nutritional Status

1.

A : Anthropometric Studies

2.

B : Biochemical Studies

3.

C : Clinical Examination

4.

D : Diet Surveys

5.

E : Ecological surveys

6.

F : Functinal Status

7.

8.

H : Health and Vital Statistics

Polio Virus Strains
OPV

1.

type 1 : O = Outbreaks of paralytic polio

2.

type 2 : P = Potent antigenic strain

3.

type 3 : V = Vaccine associated polio

Notifiable Diseases
Yellow CuP

Yellow fever

Cholera

Plague
Prinicples of Primary Health Care (PHC):
I ACE

1.

I : Intersectoral co-ordination

2.

A : Appropriate technology

3.

C : Community participation

4.

E : Equitable distribution

inShare

About The Author

SULABH
Intern doctor and Medical Blogger Sulabh Shrestha

3 Comments

1.

April 27, 2016

NOWSIN
helpful
Reply

2.

June 23, 2016

POORNIMA
good job!
my contribution follows:
10 steps Guide to Studying Community Medicine (PSM) during MBBS
1. The first prof is generally very stressful for new MBBS entrants. The three main subjects are

demanding enough.
a. Hence expecting them to study Community Medicine also is too much in general. Some strong
personalities can do it; they are encouraged to start from 1st prof itself.
b. Others are advised to at least attend the lectures and try to grasp what is being taught.
2. Start studying from 2nd prof itself. Find half to one hour a day from your studies for the subject
3. Start reading the chapter on Concepts in Health and Disease from standard textbooks
(Presumably Park & Park, second chapter)
4. Do attend lectures (and pay attention too!) if you understand some part of it. It makes reading the
chapters much easier
5. Collect previous 10 years question papers of
Annual examinations
Supplementary examinations
Pre-prof./ pre-university/ sent-up annual exam
Pre-prof./ pre-university/ sent-up of supplementary exam
-Note down the often repeated short notes and long questions
-Make a list of these
-As you read the chapter-wise from the textbook, simultaneously read about these short notes
(locating them in the book from the index in the last pages)
-Prepare 3 to 4 short notes per day
(Writing them down in a register would be excellent though most students find that to be too much
botheration)
6. Read epidemiology from the book Epidemiology Made Easy, Jaypee Brothers. Buy
at: https://www.amazon.com/Epidemiology-Made-Easy-Tiwari-Poornima/dp/8184486391
The book explains general epidemiology in a fun manner. By the time one finishes the book, one
already has clear concepts
Each chapter has two parts:
I One main part for explanation
II Second part titled as Review for preparation just before an exam. Read only the first part initially
and the book finishes fast. Read the second Review part just before the first test/ viva on
epidemiology.
7. Screening is given well in Parks textbook. You can get an understanding from my lectures (Part 1
& 2) on ihatepsm.com. These lectures are free of charge and available
at: http://www.ihatepsm.com/category/screening
8. Biostatistics: from the book Methods in Biostatistics Jaypee Brothers
At present my website (www.ihatepsm.com ) has only a few preliminary lectures on bio stats and
these are inadequate. I shall be adding more lectures in the near future.
Some basic biostatistics is included in the practical book (Community Medicine) from Lippincott.
http://www.flipkart.com/mastering-practicals-community-medicine-with-point-access-codesenglish/p/itmdhe8a8ctupzgz

9. For Practicals:
I You must attend ALL the practical sessions
II Attend ALL visits.
III Read the relevant portion a day before the visit. That way you will understand clearer during the
visits. Examiners have a knack of knowing if actually attended the visit.
IV Take a photo if possible or make a drawing in your rough file of how each slide looks like. Most
likely, a few of these slides will be kept for examination and these are sometimes weathered and
unrecognizable especially under the stress of the exam.
V Manual for Practical in Community Medicine is: Mastering Practicals Community Medicine from
Lippincott; Buy at:
http://www.amazon.in/Community-Medicine-Practical-Guide-Logbook/dp/8123923945
Or
http://www.flipkart.com/mastering-practicals-community-medicine-with-point-access-codesenglish/p/itmdhe8a8ctupzgz
10. If you follow this, in your 3rd prof, you will be ready to take on the subject.
i. Read all the chapters
ii. Read class notes
iii. Listen attentively in theory classes and
iv. Attend all the practical sessions
I shall continue to develop interesting lectures till all the topics are covered. These are and will be
available at http://www.ihatepsm.com
Best of Luck
3.
Source Community Medicine Mnemonics | MEDCHROME
4.

Biological gradient

5.

Coherence

6.

Temporality

7.

Strength of association

8.

Specificity
Recall bias
REcall bias is a problem with REtrospective studies and is based on ability to REmember.
Prevention: primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary

1.

Primary: Predisposing factors decreased

2.

Secondary: Severity decreased

3.

Tertiary: Therapy, Training

Cigarette smoke: major carcinogens
PANT

1.

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

2.

Aromatic amines

3.

Nitrosamines

4.

Tar
Nicotine and Carbon monoxide are Non-Carcinogenic.
Error: type I (alpha) vs. type II (beta)
Type I (Alpha) Error: There Is An Effect where in reality there is none.
Reliability

Random Error

REduces

REliability (REproducibility)
Causation
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) : check BP continuously

1.

Temporal

2.

Specificity

3.

Strength

4.

Consistency

5.

Biological Plausibility

6.

Coherence
Vitamin B
The RN Played Barcelona FC
TRNPBFC

1.

B1 Thiamine

2.

B2 Riboflavin

3.

B3 Niacin (nicotinic acid)

4.

B6 Pyridoxine

5.

B7- Biotin

6.

B9 Folic acid

7.

B12 Cyanocobalamin
Assesment of Nutritional Status

1.

A : Anthropometric Studies

2.

B : Biochemical Studies

3.

C : Clinical Examination

4.

D : Diet Surveys

5.

E : Ecological surveys

6.

F : Functinal Status

7.

8.

H : Health and Vital Statistics

Polio Virus Strains
OPV

1.

type 1 : O = Outbreaks of paralytic polio

2.

type 2 : P = Potent antigenic strain

3.

type 3 : V = Vaccine associated polio

Notifiable Diseases
Yellow CuP

Yellow fever

Cholera

Plague
Prinicples of Primary Health Care (PHC):
I ACE

1.

I : Intersectoral co-ordination

2.

A : Appropriate technology

3.

C : Community participation

4.

E : Equitable distribution
inShare

About The Author

my contribution follows:
10 steps Guide to Studying Community Medicine (PSM) during MBBS
1. The first prof is generally very stressful for new MBBS entrants. The three main
subjects are demanding enough.
a. Hence expecting them to study Community Medicine also is too much in general. Some
strong personalities can do it; they are encouraged to start from 1st prof itself.
b. Others are advised to at least attend the lectures and try to grasp what is being
taught.
2. Start studying from 2nd prof itself. Find half to one hour a day from your studies for the
subject
3. Start reading the chapter on Concepts in Health and Disease from standard textbooks
(Presumably Park & Park, second chapter)
4. Do attend lectures (and pay attention too!) if you understand some part of it. It makes
reading the chapters much easier
5. Collect previous 10 years question papers of
Annual examinations
Supplementary examinations
Pre-prof./ pre-university/ sent-up annual exam
Pre-prof./ pre-university/ sent-up of supplementary exam
-Note down the often repeated short notes and long questions
-Make a list of these
-As you read the chapter-wise from the textbook, simultaneously read about these short
notes (locating them in the book from the index in the last pages)
-Prepare 3 to 4 short notes per day

(Writing them down in a register would be excellent though most students find that to be
too much botheration)
6. Read epidemiology from the book Epidemiology Made Easy, Jaypee Brothers. Buy
at: https://www.amazon.com/Epidemiology-Made-Easy-Tiwari-Poornima/dp/8184486391
The book explains general epidemiology in a fun manner. By the time one finishes the
book, one already has clear concepts
Each chapter has two parts:
I One main part for explanation
II Second part titled as Review for preparation just before an exam. Read only the first
part initially and the book finishes fast. Read the second Review part just before the first
test/ viva on epidemiology.
7. Screening is given well in Parks textbook. You can get an understanding from my
lectures (Part 1 & 2) on ihatepsm.com. These lectures are free of charge and available
at: http://www.ihatepsm.com/category/screening
8. Biostatistics: from the book Methods in Biostatistics Jaypee Brothers
At present my website (www.ihatepsm.com ) has only a few preliminary lectures on bio
stats and these are inadequate. I shall be adding more lectures in the near future.
Some basic biostatistics is included in the practical book (Community Medicine) from
Lippincott.
http://www.flipkart.com/mastering-practicals-community-medicine-with-point-accesscodes-english/p/itmdhe8a8ctupzgz
9. For Practicals:
I You must attend ALL the practical sessions
II Attend ALL visits.
III Read the relevant portion a day before the visit. That way you will understand clearer
during the visits. Examiners have a knack of knowing if actually attended the visit.
IV Take a photo if possible or make a drawing in your rough file of how each slide looks
like. Most likely, a few of these slides will be kept for examination and these are
sometimes weathered and unrecognizable especially under the stress of the exam.
V Manual for Practical in Community Medicine is: Mastering Practicals Community
Medicine from Lippincott; Buy at:
http://www.amazon.in/Community-Medicine-Practical-Guide-Logbook/dp/8123923945
Or
http://www.flipkart.com/mastering-practicals-community-medicine-with-point-accesscodes-english/p/itmdhe8a8ctupzgz
10. If you follow this, in your 3rd prof, you will be ready to take on the subject.
i. Read all the chapters
ii. Read class notes
iii. Listen attentively in theory classes and
iv. Attend all the practical sessions
I shall continue to develop interesting lectures till all the topics are covered. These are

and will be available at http://www.ihatepsm.com

Best of Luck

Source Community Medicine Mnemonics | MEDCHROME