Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb)

Chapter 10

Blood

Short Answer

Figure 10.1

Using Figure 10.1, identify the following:

1)

The neutrophil is indicated by letter __________.

Answer:

2)

The eosinophil is indicated by letter __________.

Answer:

1
 3)

The monocyte is indicated by letter __________.

Answer:

4)

The lymphocyte is indicated by letter __________.

Answer:

2
3
 5)

The granulocytes are indicated by letters __________ and __________.

Answer:

6)

The most common type of leukocyte is indicated by letter __________.

Answer:

7)

The type of leukocyte that fights allergies and parasitic worms is indicated by letter __________.
Answer:

Fill in the blank or provide a short answer:

8)

The volume of erythrocytes within a given volume of whole blood, expressed as a percentage, is
__________.
Answer:

9)

The plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is __________.
Answer:

10)

The iron-containing protein found in RBCs that transports the majority of oxygen carried in the blood is
__________.
Answer:

11)

The anucleate cells that function to transport oxygen to the body's cells are called __________.
Answer:

4
 12)

A decrease in the blood's ability to transport oxygen is called __________.

Answer:

13)

The red blood cell disorder caused by life at a high altitude is called __________.
Answer:

14)

White blood cells are also called __________.

Answer:

15)

The movement of WBCs to areas of inflammation in response to chemical mediators is called __________.
Answer:

5
 16)

An abnormal elevation of WBCs above the normal count of 11,000 cells/mm3 is called __________.
Answer:

17)

The process by which WBCs are able to easily slip in and out of blood vessels is called __________.
Answer:

18)

The process of blood cell formation within the red marrow of bones is called __________.
Answer:

19)

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called __________.

Answer:

20)

A thrombus that has broken away from a vessel wall and is freely floating in the bloodstream is called an
__________.
Answer:

21)

An insufficiency of circulating platelets is called __________.

Answer:

22)

Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as __________.
Answer:

6
 23)

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called __________.

Answer:

24)

The rarest blood type in the United States is type __________.

Answer:

25)

Blood type A carries the __________ antigen.

Answer:

26)

The blood type referred to as the universal donor is called type __________.
Answer:

27)

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) __________.
Answer:

28)

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh __________.

Answer:

29)

The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs is called
__________.
Answer:

7
 30)

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the
breakdown products of hemoglobin is called __________.
Answer:

Multiple Choice
1)

The matrix of blood is called:

A)

buffy coat
B)

plasma
C)

erythrocytes
D)

lymphocytes
E)

formed elements
Answer:

2)

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat between the formed elements and the plasma contains:
A)

leukocytes and erythrocytes

B)

platelets and erythrocytes

C)

leukocytes and platelets

D)
8
eythrocytes only
E)

leukocytes only
Answer:

3)

Which one of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of blood:

A)

sticky
B)

opaque
C)

sweet tasting
D)

heavier than water

E)

alkaline
Answer:

9
 4)

Which one of the following does NOT describe blood plasma:

A)

it contains plasma proteins

B)

it contains metal ions (salts)

C)

its pH is 7.35 to 7.45

D)

it contains hormones
E)

it is the color of red wine

Answer:

5)

Which one of the following formed elements is the most abundant:

A)

erythrocytes
B)

eosinophils
C)

platelets
D)

basophils
E)

lymphocytes
Answer:

10
 6)

Erythrocytes:
A)

have lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules

B)

are anucleate
C)

number 4000 to 11,000 per cubic millimeter of blood

D)

can travel by diapedesis

E)

clot blood
Answer:

7)

Normal whole blood contains __________ g of hemoglobin per 100 mL.

A)

4-8
B)

12-18
C)

15-20
D)

30-35
E)

42-48
Answer:

11
 8)

Which of the following is not a type of red blood cell disorder?

A)

aplastic anemia
B)

sickle cell anemia

C)

pernicious anemia
D)

polycythemia
E)

leukemia
Answer:

12
 9)

Excessive erythrocytes result in:

A)

sickle cell anemia

B)

leukocytosis
C)

polycythemia
D)

leukopenia
E)

pernicious anemia
Answer:

10)

There are an average of __________ WBCs per cubic millimeter of whole blood.
A)

100-1000
B)

4000-11,000
C)

10,000-20,000
D)

50,000-100,000
E)

1 million-3 million
Answer:

13
 11)

Which one of the following is NOT true of WBCs:

A)

they use diapedesis to move in and out of blood vessels

B)

they locate areas of tissue damage through chemotaxis

C)

they move by ameboid motion

D)

they account for less than 1 percent of total blood volume

E)

they initiate the clotting process

Answer:

12)

Which one of the following groups consist of granulocytes:

A)

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

B)

lymphocytes and monocytes

C)

eosinophils and monocytes

D)

basophils and eosinophils

E)

neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils

Answer:

14
 13)

The type of leukocytes that would increase rapidly during allergy attacks and infections of parasitic
worms are:
A)

eosinophils
B)

basophils
C)

neutrophils
D)

lymphocytes
E)

monocytes
Answer:

15
 14)

The most numerous white blood cells are the:

A)

lymphocytes
B)

neutrophils
C)

eosinophils
D)

monocytes
E)

basophils
Answer:

15)

Which type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant:

A)

neutrophil
B)

monocyte
C)

lymphocyte
D)

basophil
E)

eosinophil
Answer:

16
 16)

The type of leukocytes that become macrophages in the tissues are:

A)

neutrophils
B)

eosinophils
C)

basophils
D)

lymphocytes
E)

monocytes
Answer:

17)

Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells called:

A)

erythrocytes
B)

eosinophils
C)

basophils
D)

megakaryocytes
E)

macrophages
Answer:

17
 18)

Blood cell formation in adults occurs in all of the following EXCEPT the:
A)

flat bones of the skull

B)

flat bones of the pelvis

C)

shaft of the femur

D)

proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur

E)

the epiphyseal plates

Answer:

18
 19)

Blood cell formation is called __________ and occurs in red bone marrow.
A)

hematopoiesis
B)

hemostasis
C)

agglutination
D)

coagulation
E)

hemolysis
Answer:

20)

The average functional lifespan of an RBC is:

A)

20-30 days
B)

50-75 days
C)

100-120 days
D)

one year
E)

the body's lifetime

Answer:

19
 21)

An immature RBC is called a:

A)

megakaryocyte
B)

hemocytoblast
C)

reticulocyte
D)

agranulocyte
E)

granulocyte
Answer:

22)

The hormone that regulates the rate of erythrocyte production is called:

A)

renin
B)

leukopoietin
C)

vasopressin
D)

erythropoietin
E)

thrombopoietin
Answer:

20
 23)

Megakaryocytes pinch off anucleate fragments called:

A)

granulocytes
B)

platelets
C)

agranulocytes
D)

erythrocytes
E)

neutrophils
Answer:

21
 24)

The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called:
A)

homeostasis
B)

coagulation
C)

hemostasis
D)

erythropoiesis
E)

agglutination
Answer:

25)

Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis:

A)

platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm

B)

vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation

C)

coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation

D)

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

E)

coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm

Answer:

22
 26)

Which chemical is released to bring about vasoconstriction during the vascular spasm phase of
hemostasis:
A)

renin
B)

erythropoietin
C)

serotonin
D)

thrombopoietin
E)

interleukin
Answer:

27)

Blood normally clots in approximately:

A)

1 minute
B)

3 to 6 minutes
C)

5 to 10 minutes
D)

15 minutes
E)

30 minutes
Answer:

23
 28)

Prothrombin activator coverts prothrombin to:

A)

prothrombin activator
B)

thrombin
C)

fibrinogen
D)

fibrin activator
E)

serotonin
Answer:

24
 29)

A __________ clot is formed during the process of hemostasis.

A)

fibrinogen
B)

fibrin
C)

prothrombin
D)

thrombin
E)

thromboplastin
Answer:

30)

A clot that breaks away from a vessel wall and circulates freely within the bloodstream is called a(n):
A)

embolus
B)

fibrin
C)

thromboplastin
D)

thrombus
E)

clotting cascade
Answer:

25
 31)

Which of the following is a blood clotting disorder:

A)

polycythemia
B)

hemophilia
C)

leukocytosis
D)

leukopenia
E)

anemia
Answer:

32)

Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of which one of the following vitamins:
A)

vitamin B12
B)

vitamin A
C)

vitamin C
D)

vitamin D
E)

vitamin K
Answer:

26
 33)

The ion essential for blood clotting is:

A)

sodium
B)

calcium
C)

iodine
D)

potassium
E)

hydrogen
Answer:

27
 34)

The organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors is the:
A)

pancreas
B)

thyroid
C)

liver
D)

spleen
E)

kidneys
Answer:

35)

Treatment of hemophilia often involves:

A)

transfusion of plasma and vitamin K supplements

B)

injections of missing clotting factors and B12 injections

C)

vitamin K supplements only

D)

transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor

E)

vitamin K supplements and B12 injections

Answer:

28
 36)

Severe shock occurs with blood loss of:

A)

over 5 percent
B)

over 10 percent
C)

over 20 percent
D)

over 30 percent
E)

over 50 percent
Answer:

37)

A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies:

A)

antigen
B)

antibody
C)

interleukin
D)

fibrinogen
E)

prothrombin activator
Answer:

29
 38)

The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump is called:
A)

hemostasis
B)

coagulation
C)

agglutination
D)

clotting cascade
E)

hemolysis
Answer:

30
 39)

Which antigen(s) does type AB blood contain:

A)

A antigen
B)

B antigen
C)

A and B antigens
D)

sometimes A antigens, other times B antigens

E)

no antigens
Answer:

40)

The most common type of blood in the U.S. population is:

A)

A
B)

B
C)

AB
D)

O
E)

AO
Answer:

31
 41)

The universal recipient has blood type:

A)

A
B)

B
C)

AB
D)

O
E)

ABO
Answer:

42)

ABO blood groups are based on the presence of:

A)

A antigens
B)

B antigens
C)

O antigens
D)

A and B antigens
E)

A, B, and O antigens
Answer:

32
 43)

Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive:

A)

blood type A
B)

blood type B
C)

blood type AB
D)

blood type O
E)

blood types A, B, AB, or O

Answer:

33
 44)

The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is:

A)

serotonin
B)

interleukin
C)

agglutinin
D)

RhoGAM
E)

HepBIg
Answer:

45)

Which of these blood types carries no antigens:

A)

blood type A
B)

blood type B
C)

blood type AB
D)

blood types A, B, and AB

E)

blood type O
Answer:

34
 46)

Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called:
A)

blood typing
B)

transfusion reaction
C)

cross matching
D)

hemolysis
E)

hemodialysis
Answer:

47)

Anemias appearing in old age result from all of the following EXCEPT:
A)

nutritional deficiencies
B)

drug therapy
C)

leukemia
D)

erythrocyte mutations
E)

vitamin deficiencies
Answer:

35
True/False
1)

Normal pH of blood is between 7.35 and 7.45.

Answer:

2)

Blood plasma is largely water.

Answer:

3)

The temperature of blood is slightly lower than body temperature.

Answer:

36
 4)

Leukocytes are more numerous in blood than erythrocytes.

Answer:

5)

The process by which white blood cells move in and out of blood vessels is called phagocytosis.
Answer:

6)

An abnormally low WBC count is called leukopenia.

Answer:

7)

Basophils are the most numerous type of leukocyte.

Answer:

8)

All formed elements arise from a common type of stem cell called a hemocytoblast.
Answer:

9)

Normal blood volume in healthy males is 5-6 liters.

Answer:

10)

Erythropoeitin is released to stimulate platelet production in response to inadequate amounts of oxygen

in the blood.
Answer:

37
 11)

Hemophilia is commonly called "bleeder's disease."

Answer:

12)

A phlebotomist collects and processes blood samples for laboratory analysis.

Answer:

13)

Blood type A will respond to a blood transfusion of blood type B with anti-B antibodies.
Answer:

14)

Rh-related problems occur in pregnant Rh- women carrying an Rh+ baby.

Answer:

15)

Universal donors can receive blood groups A, B, AB, and O.

Answer:

38
Matching
Match the following function with its blood cell:
1)

Transports oxygen bound to hemoglobin

A)

eosinophils

B)

lymphocytes

2)

Active phagocytes that increase rapidly during acute infection

C)

erythrocytes
D)

monocytes

E)

neutrophils

3)

Kill parasitic worms

F)

basophils

4)

Transport carbon dioxide

G)

leukocytes
39
 5)

Active phagocytes that become macrophages

6)

Form B and T lymphocytes

7)

Contain histamine

8)

Increase during allergy attacks

9)

Produce antibodies

10)

Long-term "clean-up team"

1)

2)

3)

40
 4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

41
Match the following blood types:
11)

The blood type that has no antigens

A)

Blood type B

B)

Blood type A

12)

The blood type that possesses the A antigen only

C)

Blood type O

D)

Blood type AB

13)

The blood type that can receive blood types B and O only

14)

The blood type that forms anti-A and anti-B antibodies

15)

The blood type known as the univeral donor

16)

42
The blood type known as the universal recipient

11)

12)

13)

14)

15)

16)

43