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    Ryan 2010 JHE Book Review

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    asasa

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    Ryan 2010 JHE Book Review

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    asasa

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    22 views2 pages

    Ryan 2010 JHE Book Review

    Uploaded by

    Seyfi Barut
    asasa

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    BOOK REVIEWS

    Review of River Training and Sediment


    Management with Submerged
    Vanes by A. Jacob Odgaard
    ASCE Press, Reston, VA; 2009; 171 pp. Price: $75.00.

    R. Ryan Radspinner
    Baker Environmental Hydraulics Laboratory, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061. E-mail:
    [email protected]

    Panayiotis Diplas
    Baker Environmental Hydraulics Laboratory, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061. E-mail:
    [email protected]

    Channel stabilization and restoration efforts have increased dramatically across the nation during recent decades with over $1B
    spent on these endeavors every year since 1990 Bernhardt et al.
    2005. It is estimated however, that at least 50% of these projects
    fail ONeil and Fitch 1992 and others may not perform to original expectations. This is due to the complex physical processes
    governing interaction of turbulence in the water column with
    sediments in the stream and bank. Consequently, stream restoration today is more of an art than a science and relies heavily on an
    analog method that emphasizes a prescribed design approach
    rather than the application of physically based hydraulic engineering principles to attain performance-based criteria Slate et al.
    2007.
    The use of in-stream, low-flow structures as channel stabilization measures has become a preferred solution of federal, state,
    and local governmental agencies Johnson et al. 2002. These
    measures have gained acceptance because of their potential to
    enhance aquatic habitat while directing flow away from the banks
    and dissipating flow energy Kauffman et al. 1997. Despite their
    potential for success, these structures suffer from a lack of proven
    engineering design criteria, which if available, would certainly
    reduce the risk of failure, increase cost-effectiveness and expand
    their use.
    Odgaard attempts to end this uncertainty for one such structure
    in his recent publication, River Training and Sediment Management with Submerged Vanes. The author recognizes that while
    there are several existing publications demonstrating the viability
    of submerged vanes, readily available design guidelines are still
    lacking.
    The book is divided into six chapters. In the first chapter some
    background information about the vanes, together with possible
    problems that they can be used to mitigate, is provided. It is
    pointed out that though the idea was originally proposed in 1947
    by Potapov and Pyshkin, systematic laboratory research and development efforts toward the improvement of vane design to render it a more effective flow and sediment control measure didnt
    start until about 35 years later Odgaard and Kennedy 1983.
    Soon after that field testing followed. The theory and development of submerged vanes is discussed in the second chapter in the
    context of bank erosion and bed scour prevention, water intake
    sediment protection, and shoaling prevention. Results from labo-

    ratory model studies are presented in the third chapter to validate


    the concept of submerged vanes and their conceived ability to
    create secondary currents and redistribute sediment deposition for
    a given channel cross section. Though most of these results have
    previously appeared in various journal and report publications
    some of them not as easily accessible, they have been summarized here in a very effective way and all the figures have been
    redrawn and rendered of much higher quality. Design examples
    with sample calculations are included in the fourth chapter for
    various scenarios including bank protection, river bed stabilization, sediment control at water intake, and channel alignment
    stabilization. These examples take into account channel characteristics and design hydraulic conditions to properly size and
    space submerged vanes. In the fifth chapter, field installations of
    submerged vanes at twelve sites located around the world are
    reviewed. Several of these projects have previously been published in journals or technical reports, though some of the international case studies are difficult to get a hold of. Summary tables
    at the beginning of the chapter allow for quick comparison of
    project objectives, channel characteristics, and associated vane
    designs. This section includes several illustrations, sketches, and
    photos to aid the reader in better understanding field conditions.
    The sixth and final chapter is a summary of the most successful to
    date design guidelines; these are based on the laboratory and field
    studies presented earlier in the manual. Other aspects, such as
    vane materials and limitations in the use of this type of structure
    are discussed as well. The author stresses that the guidelines are
    only typical and will need to be adjusted based on conditions
    encountered at each site.

    Fig. 1. Diagram of vane installations on East Nishnabotna River,


    Iowa

    90 / JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING ASCE / JANUARY 2010

    Downloaded 22 Dec 2009 to 128.173.204.169. Redistribution subject to ASCE license or copyright; see http://pubs.asce.org/copyright

    Odgaard has researched the use of submerged vanes for over


    25 years. Together with Kennedy and their students, they pursued
    a systematic theoretical and experimental investigation of the role
    of submerged vanes on river training and sediment management
    at the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research of the University of
    Iowa Odgaard and Kennedy 1983. If the recollection of the
    second reviewer is correct, the interest of a forward-thinking Iowa
    Department of Transportation engineer on the new technology
    facilitated the first field installation of the submerged vanes at the
    East Nishnabotna River in Iowa in 1985. A sketch of the river
    section, indicating the submerged vane system layout and the
    bridge crossing is shown in Fig. 1 from Odgaard and Mosconi
    1987, Fig. 5-2 in the book. Though the vanes used there were at
    the very early design stage in terms of shape, size, material, spacing, and installation procedures, they proved to be very effective
    in protecting bank erosion and arresting lateral stream migration
    in the vicinity of the bridge crossing. For his work on submerged
    vane research and development, Odgaard received the ASCE Hydraulic Structures Medal in 2001.
    This manual represents a first attempt to create a submerged
    vanes design guidebook that can be used by practicing hydraulic
    engineers and researchers. The author presents the material in an
    orderly and logical manner. The information is communicated in
    an effective way and lends itself useful for practical applications.
    The author is uniquely qualified to write such a document. This
    manual is a useful addition to the literature on in-stream flow

    structures and will go a long way in assisting hydraulic engineers


    in the proper use of submerged vanes.

    References
    Bernhardt, E. S., et al. 2005. Synthesizing U.S. river restoration efforts. Science, 308, 636637.
    Johnson, P. A., Tereska, R. L., and Brown, E. R. 2002. Using technical
    adaptive management to improve design guidelines for urban instream
    structures. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 384, 11431152.
    Kauffman, J. B., Beschta, R. L., Otting, N., and Lytjen, D. 1997. An
    ecological perspective of riparian and stream restoration in the western United States. Fisheries, 225, 1224..
    ONeil, J., and Fitch L. 1992. Performance audit of in-stream habitat
    structures constructed during the period, 19821990, in southwestern
    Alberta. Abstracts for American Fisheries Society Meeting, 4.
    Odgaard, A. J., and Kennedy, J. F. 1983. River-bend bank protection
    by submerged vanes. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1098, 11611173.
    Odgaard, A. J., and Mosconi, C. E. 1987. Streambank protection by
    submerged vanes. J. Hydraul. Eng., 1134, 520536..
    Potapov, M. V., and Pyshkin, B. A. 1947. Metod poperechnoy tsirkulyatsii I ego primenenie v gidrotekhnike. Izd. Ak. Nayk. 1947, SSSR,
    Moscow, Leningrad, the Soviet Union in Russian.
    Slate, L. O., Shields, F. D., Jr., Schwartz, J. S., Carpenter, D. D., and
    Freeman, G. E. 2007. Engineering design standards and liability for
    stream channel restoration. J. Hydraul. Eng., 13310, 10991102.

    JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING ASCE / JANUARY 2010 / 91

    Downloaded 22 Dec 2009 to 128.173.204.169. Redistribution subject to ASCE license or copyright; see http://pubs.asce.org/copyright

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