INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS SULTAN MIZAN

22200, BESUT, TERENGGANU

ENGLISH FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION (GEC1033)


NAMA : TUAN MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN TUAN SEMBOK.
NO KP : 950821115091
UNIT : 1 PPISMP SAINS.
PENSYARAH : ENCIK ASHARI BIN MHD. DAUD.
TARIKH HANTAR: 15 SEPTEMBER 2013
10 ARTICLE
BASED ON THE
5 TOPICS
LISTED

1) Education
Ways Technology Has Changed Education
New technologieseverything from smart boards to smart phoneshave
transformed education from both the students and instructors perspectives. These
powerful tools have enhanced communication, research, literacy, and continue to
impact the way students learn. As students continue to rely upon technology, their
mastery of these tools becomes evident even at early ages allowing them to build
the technical experience they will need when they enter the work world. The
following five examples are just a few of the ways technology has changed education
for the better.
Technology has helped create an entirely new educational platform and industry:
distance learning. Older students and college bound students can now earn
complete degrees online without having to travel to traditional classrooms. Students
can learn from instructors who reside in different parts of the country over the e-
learning platforms. They can connect to virtual classrooms through video
conferencing and they connect with other students or the instructor using their
smartphones or tablets any time they like. The convenience has made educational
possible for many students who would not otherwise be able to fit school into their
busy lifestyles filled with work or family obligations.
Both students and teachers can use their mobile devices or desktops to share ideas.
Students can collaborate on projects and teachers can lead discussions using text or
Skype. Teachers can access teacher-sharing sites to contribute to forums where
educational topics are discussed. They can search for lesson plans or even browse
for classroom ideas on websites like Pinterest that has a big teacher following.
Having digital access to databases various smart phones or laptops means that
students can conveniently search for the information they need to complete
assignments or class projects. Students can easily support their research papers
with relative information they find online. No longer must students wade through
card catalogs or stacks of books; much of the information they will need can be
called up by using an educational database or an academic search engine.
Apps are changing education forever! Students and teachers can download useful
apps to their smartphones that allow them to organise notes, use digital flashcards
and other study aids, make calculations, create digital art, build digital models, find
references, and the list goes on and on. There are powerful apps created for every
academic discipline and students that tap into them find that their educational
experience is enriched.


Many of the social networks have a strong educational component and educators
are using their platforms in ever more sophisticated ways. Students can find out
about classroom changes or announcements on sites like Twitter. They can discuss
novels or philosophical topics on websites like Facebook. Both of these sites are
easy to access via a smart phone or other devices that access the internet.
Clearly, technology boasts an astounding array of tools that can promote and
enhance learning. As instructors and students move further into the digital age, they
will likely find even more ways technology can make learning an extraordinary
experience. Instructors can find new ways to use technology in the classroom each
week simply by keeping up with technology news and sharing ideas about
technology on online forums.
Paige Burton has a background in secondary school education and finds it
fascinating how technology is changing education. She shares her thoughts and
knowledge on a variety of education related blogs. Click here for home learning
courses.

Game is An Education
Education means full development of the human personality and attainment of full
stature. Man has a body, a mind and a spirit. Accordingly education aims at the
physical, intellectual and spiritual and moral development of man. Education merely
does not give knowledge to a human being and to enable him to earning his
livelihood; but it does much more than this.
Education cannot ignore the physical side of man. Man has been blessed with a
beautiful body. Poets, painters and sculptors have gone into raptures over the
human body and have tried to depict it in their arts in many ways. Games are a
means of keeping the body healthy and fit. Physical fitness from all kinds of ailments
is the desire and ambition of every human being. Indeed, good health is first
condition of happiness in life. Those who play games generally maintain good health.
Games are also a source of recreation or pastime. Education teaches a man the
need of recreational activities. The essence of a recreation is that it should refresh
both the body and the mind, and provide a means of escape from one's professional
or scholarly pursuits. When one is playing golf or billiards or badminton or table-
tennis, one becomes forgetful of everything else and gets absorbed in the games.
Thus games are very useful as a diversion for the mind.
Games also provide a kind of training for the mind. Most games today are a matter of
high skill and ripe judgement. Hockey, football, cricket and other games are not just
a matter of physical exertion and exercise. Proficiency in these games is acquired
after a long practice. The player must acquire the art of playing a game. Every game,
therefore, contributes to the development of the mind and the judgement of a player.
Good players show a lot of mental alertness and ingenuity while playing.
Fair play is a noble moral quality when practiced in political dealings. The quality is
best inculcated in human beings through games. The habit of fair play makes a man
love honesty, integrity and justice which are great moral qualities.
Games also teach the lesson of accepting a defeat on the play field with a smiling
face. A defeated player shakes hands with his victorious opponent and even offers
him congratulations.
Defeat does not dishearten or depress a true sportsman. On the contrary, it provides
an incentive for a greater effort. This lesson also is bound to prove useful to a man in
the wider sphere of life. Life has its misfortunes, woes, failures, but a man with a
tough character is not daunted by these.
Games make a man tough and thus enable him to withstand the "slings and arrows"
of fortune. Games teach certain other lessons as well. They teach team-spirit or the
spirit of mutual cooperation; they teach the value of unity or united effort; they teach
the necessity of always obeying the orders of the captain or the leader.
All these are valuable lessons which prepare man to live correctly and nobly.
Education aims at building up character, and character includes all the qualities
mentioned above. Thus the value of games in forming and moulding character is
very great. Education aims too, at developing qualities of leadership in human
beings. The qualities of leadership are developed most effectively and fruitfully
through games.











2) Environment
Earthquake
Earthquake is one of the natural calamities. Its origin can be traced to the early days
of earth formation. It is responsible for a lot of damage to living and non-living
beings. For many centuries man didnt know why earthquakes occur and how they
occur and to what extent they would damage. He only felt that mother earth was
angry with him and so caused the earthquake and he always feared it.
It was left to Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher, to relate the phenomenon of
earthquake to physical factors. According to Aristotle, when the air compressed
within the arch escapes, it shakes some part of the land. This emission is called
volcanic activity. When the volcano bursts, lots of lava, gas etc come out of the earth
and fail out. This causes pressure and imbalance and results in producing
earthquake waves in the surrounding areas. It was thus identified that volcanic
activity is one of the reasons for earthquakes. The volcanic activity results in faulting.
To fill up the new faults the movement of earth takes place. This causes tremor.
The second reason is isostatic adjustment. The surface of the earth has certain
raised up blocks and certain depressed blocks. They keep the balance of the earth,
when it moves revolving on units of axis. These raised up blocks are washed down
due to various reasons and cause imbalance. Then also the earthquakes occur to
regain and maintain that balance.
We could therefore see that earthquakes commonly occur in volcano prime areas
and under the feet of hills and mountains, no well settle Earthquakes frequently
occur in China, Japan, Philippines, southern parts of the Himalayas, volcano prime
parts of Europe and western parts of North and South America. They are also likely
to occur in Rajasthan in India and Arabian countries.
One cannot say that earthquakes do not occur in other places. They may occur in
any part of the world at any time. We are not very sure of the underground
movements of the earth and its pressure points. So one can only identify areas,
where they are likely to occur.
All earthquakes do not cause severe damage. Those which are of severe intensity
are really dangerous. There are scales to measure the intensity of the earthquake.
The first one was Mercalls scale. It is qualitative scale and not a quantitative scale
and so not useful to measure the intensity. The second one is Richter scale. Richter
scale is released from within. It is measured with numbers. If the earthquake
measures 7 points on Richter scale it causes severe damage as it is of severe
intensity. Those measuring 5 and less points may not cause much damage.
The scientists are now able to study and define the secondary waves and tertiary
waves also in earthquakes. Scientists are able to study the underground movements
of waves with the help of a machine called Seismograph. With its help one can also
predict the likely possibility of earthquakes occurrence as to where and when they
are likely to occur.
In India most of the earthquakes occur in the Himalaya zone, the Ganga and the
Brahmaputra valleys. Only a few earthquakes have occurred in the Deccan Plateau.
The earthquake of 1967 at Icwyna and the earthquake of 1993 at Latur in
Maharashtra are the recent ones in this area.
In the matter of natural calamities man cannot be a master unless he becomes a
master over nature completely. That is not possible for man with the limited
knowledge of nature he has at his command.

Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution is the biggest menace to the human race on this planet
today. It means adding impurity to environment. The environment consists of earth,
water, air, plants and animals. If we pollute them, then the existence of man and
nature will be hampered.
It is true that trees are being cut down rapidly. Our earth is becoming warmer. If
pollution continues, the day is not far when our earth will be a boiling pan and
become a desert. Or it will be covered with sea water causing destruction of
mankind.
Pure air is always needed for inhaling. If we take pure air, our health improves. On
the other hand impure air causes diseases and impairs our health and causes our
death. Smoke pollutes the air. It is the root of air pollution. The smoke which is
discharged from industries, automobiles and kitchens is the mixture of carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane etc. These are all poisonous gases. These
cause lung-cancer, tuberculosis etc. which take a heavy toll of life. The glaring
incident is the Bhopal gas leak in December 1984. Thousands of the residents of
Bhopal died due to lungs problem which was caused by methylamine gas from the
Union Carbide Plant.
The garbage emitting foul smell, the decaying plants and animals also cause air
pollution. Hence the doctors advise the patients having lungs trouble to settle in
some rural places because the air of villages is pure and free from population.
Then comes sound pollution. The harsh sounds of buses, its, mopeds etc. affect our
power of hearing and causes fart trouble. It has been reported that there are two
villages named Biraspalli and Devadas Palli near Dum Dum airport m Calcutta where
a large number of people have lost their power of hearing. This is because of the
frequent sounds of planes coming in and going out of Dum Dum Airport. The evils of
sound pollution can be imagined from this example.
The water of rivers and seas is being constantly polluted all over the world by various
dangerous chemical and biological wastes. Mills and factories discharge very
harmful waste waters into many rivers and sea. The water of the Ganges flowing by
the side of both Varanashi and Calcutta is extremely polluted and contains all sorts
of dangerous bacteria. It is really very strange and laughable that large number of
the Indians regard this water as holy. They even drink this water for salvation. There
is no doubt that the fish that grow in such waters are poisonous too.
Reckless application of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides pollutes the
soil. Vegetables and fruits are quite injurious today, because they contain the poison
of insecticides and pesticides.
If the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil which produces our crops,
vegetables and fruits, all become more and more impure, then our chances of good
health and longevity will be very less and less. Environment pollution is a serious
menace to our existence. Realising the danger, we must plant trees in large number
to absorb impure air. Impure water from industries can be sent back for purification
and then it can be used for irrigation purpose. Our government is well aware of the
fact and is taking steps to save environment from pollution. We have also I minister
to look after the environment.















3) Health
Heart Disease and Stroke

Every year, 17.1 million lives are taken away due to tobacco use, an unhealthy diet,
and physical inactivity. Factors which lead all lead to cardiovascular diseases, the
worlds largest killer. Cardiovascular diseases affect all ages and gender; however, it
is more perceptible in low and middle income countries, where more than 80% off
cardiovascular related deaths occur. By the year 2030, approximately 23.6 million
people will parish due to cardiovascular diseases, which is hypothesized to be
mainly heart disease and stroke. There are people who dont understand that only 30
minutes of physical activity everyday will lower their chances of gaining a heart
disease; that by eating a better balanced diet, they can lower their risk of heart
attacks and stroke; that maintaining their weight, they can live another day with less
risks.

Heart diseases and strokes are the leading cardiovascular diseases. They are the
result of a blockage that prevents proper blood flow circulating around the heart or
brain. Normally, these blockages consist of a buildup of fatty plaques, such as
cholesterol, on the arteries inner walls that lead to the heart or brain. The process of
plaque forming is known as atherosclerosis.
People who have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease,
sleep apnea, sickle cell anemia, elevated red blood cell count, migraines/headaches,
seizure disorder and/or have had a heart attack or stroke previously are at risk of
having a stroke. There are lifestyle factors that contribute to stroke, such as an
unbalanced diet, alcohol consumption, not enough exercise, and a family history of
stroke. Thus, it is important to watch what you eat, exercise daily, and inform your
doctor of you and your familys medical history. There are some medications that
may cause blood clots or brain hemorrhage, which leads to a stroke. It is important
to notify your doctor if you have taken or currently taking birth control bills, blood
thinners, illegal drugs or any hormones.
Heart disease deals with a range of health conditions in regards to your heart. The
bodys inflammatory process is the cause of heart disease. Cholesterol, nicotine,
LDL cholesterol, and elevated levels of glucose are the main irritants that can cause
inflammation in the hearts blood vessels. When the vessels are inflamed, they form
plaque, which hardens and damages your blood vessels, leading to issues with your
blood flow to and from your heart. Some factors that lead to heart disease include
old age, a family history of heart disease, smoking, poor nutrition, lack of exercise,
high stress, and obesity.





HIV and AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).The AIDS pandemic is a major concern in both
developed and developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates that
the cumulative number of AIDS cases in the world amounted to 2.5 million persons.
AIDS, the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is not a hereditary disease but is
caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
HIV from an infected person can pass to a normal person through blood contact
generally during unprotected sex with infected persons and sharing needles or
syringes contaminated with small quantities of blood from HIV positive person.
HIV can also pass from infected mothers to their babies during pregnancy, delivery
or breast feeding. HIV does not spread through tears, sweat, urine, faces or saliva
during Normal kissing. It does not spread by sharing utensils, towels, clothing, and
toilet seats or insects bite like that of mosquito or bed bug.
AIDS was discovered in 1983. Most evidence has suggested that AIDS spread from
Africa. It is believed that the virus has been transferred to humans from primates like
Africa monkey or Chimpanzees.
Important features of AIDS.First, a person which is HIV positive, carries the HIV in
his body. The virus damages the immune system. With time, the immune system
becomes very weak. Symptoms of AIDs include persistent cough, generalized
pruritic dermatitis, or pharyngeal candidacies, chronic progressive and disseminated
Herpes simplex and generalized lymphadenopathy, recurrent Herpes Zoster, weight
loss, chronic diarrhoea and prolonged fever. Nobody knows exactly when with HIV
will become sick of AIDS. Human Immunodeficiency Virus is transmitted through
semen and vaginal fluids.
The virus and course of infection. The main cellular target of HIV is a special group
of white blood cells critical to the immune system which is known as helper T
lymphocytes, or helper T cells. Helper T cells play a key role is normal immune
responses by producing factors that activate almost all immune cells.
HIV is a retrovirus, the genetic material of which consists of RNA (not DNA)
surrounded by a lipoprotein envelope. HIV cannot multiply on its own and instead
relies on the machinery of the host cell to produce new viral particles. Once the virus
has infected a T cell, HIV copies its RNA into a double stranded DNA copy by means
of viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. Because the reverse transcriptase lacks the
'proof reading' function that most DNA synthesizing enzymes have, many mutations
may arise as the virus replicates, further hindering the ability of the immune system
to combat virus.
The viral genome copied on DNA transcript is integrated into host cell DNA. This
integration may occur at any accessible site in the host genome and results in
permanent acquisition of the viral genes by the host cell the course of HIV infection
involves three stages: primary HIV infection, the asymptomatic phase, and AIDS.
During the first stage, the transmitted HIV replicates rapidly, and some persons may
experience an acute flu-like illness that persists for one or two weeks. During this
time a variety of symptoms may occur, such as fever, enlarged lymph nodes, sore
throats, muscles and joint pain, rash and malaise.
The second phase of HIV infection, the asymptomatic period, lasts an average of 8-
12 years. During this period, which is symptomless phase, the virus continues to
replicate, there is a slow decrease in the number of helper T cells.
When the helper T cell count falls to about 200 cells per micro liter of blood, patients
begin to experience opportunistic infection, i.e., infections that arise only in
individuals with a defective immune system. This is AIDS, the final stage of HIV
infection.





















4) Sosial Issues
Sosial Problems
Poverty as a whole is a curse for those who are deprived of some privileges and
benefits they deserve. Rural India has a population of 534.4 million. More than half of
the total population lives in villages. A major part of the people is working hard to
supply food to city residents but the neglect and degradation they face, is beyond
any comparison. A large part of the village population is divided among the
zamindars.
They live as coolis, slaves or as workers with the landlords. These people move from
states to states in working for the field owners. Bihar residents move to Northern
India, Punjab, Haryana and Himachal for working in the field. The labor as surveyed
had 70 per cent from outside and 30 per cent from the village. Out of the 70 per cent,
45 per cent are living here within their native places. These people send a major part
of their earning to their families to pay back loans or for meeting the two hands.
An alarming era of educated unemployment is fast approaching, particularly in Urban
areas. Government policy of privatization and takeover by privates has created a
problem. This will certainly bring urban poverty or it will enhance rural economic
downfall. Rural population still suffers exploitation by the city or urban residents.
They try to trap, bind and exploit the poor realties. The ignorance of law provides
ample opportunity for exploiters to come as stock brokers, advocates and doctors to
villages to trouble them. Even the sentiments for the dead relatives are exploited by
priests and pundits, at the time of Puja.
Light, gas fuel, petro and even the drinking water is a rare thing in a village. The
ignorance of bank laws bars any help for them and they do not get the benefits they
are supposed to get from financial sources. Some villages of north are living a
prosperous life. They use their own dish antennas for entertainment programmes.
This compares with the people of backward states of other parts of the country.
Their earnings and living are so very low and poor. They even do not understand the
calamities of nature. They depend on rain, which is either dry or over spell. They
floods and droughts often compel them to send their children away.
Villages are the birth places of politics and politicians. This is a training ground for
Panchayat entry and then entry to legislative councils. These people find it
convenient to keep the villagers in underfed conditions. They forgot the versions of
Mahatma Gandhi who wanted each village to count as a unit and expected his
followers to work more devotedly and delightfully for the developments of village
folks along with the cities and metros. Gandhi wanted to provide education, health
and other amenities for ruralities.
Rural women also need to be looked after for their problems. The right of the equality
is crushed under the struggle for survival. They toil hard to preserve their existence
and they are the most unwelcome member of the society. The day starts early
morning for them when they get up and churn milk for the house and provide food to
domestic animals. They cleaning and asking the children to get ready for school.
This lady serves tea or milk to the family and prepares food for the field workers. She
will send the animals for grazing and will carry food for her husband. She will work in
field as the head of the house takes his luncheon. Tired, she will return to prepare
food for family.
Her tired eyes await return of all family members and husband in the evening.
Routine closes as the family settles when planning for daughters marriage and
preparation. The struggle hardly leaves any time for her care of the health or
personal requirement. So, this fate of the family mother continues.
The World Bank defines rural development as a strategy to improve the economic
and the social life of a group of people. Development was one of the top priority of
planning. The plans, however, were not operational. It has to be tackled by local
people with the help of educated field authorities. The main focus should be for rural
developments and not the development of infrastructure. Women should be inspired
to participate more vigorously in this campaign.
Progress in concept, prosperity in houses will certainly bring a change in attitude of
rural life and they will rise to accept the changes in styles and technology. Prosperity
in villages will ensure rise of the whole nation and country.

Same Sex Marriage
This Argumentative essay will discuss about the argument of same sex marriage.
The contents are meaning, brief background and thesis statement for the
Introduction for the Body of the discussion is the counter argument and for the
conclusion part. the summary and the restatement of the thesis statement.
Same Sex Marriage also known as gay marriage or equal marriage it is
marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or gender identity. In the
20th and 21st centuries various types of same-sex unions have come to be
legalized. Same-sex marriage is currently legal in eight European countries:
Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden;
Luxembourg, Finland, France and the United Kingdom are currently in the process of
legalization. Politicians in the United Kingdom have expressed their intention to
promote legislation to allow same-sex marriage. Other types of recognition for same-
sex unions are as of 2012 legal in the following European countries: Andorra,
Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Isle
of Man, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom. Many people have their own beliefs and reasoning's when it comes to
Gay/Lesbian Marriage. God made a man and woman to join hands together and say
vows in the right way but however in some states it is a legal to get married with your
same sex. So, a man is for woman and woman is for man.
Three reasons why other person wants to legal the same sex marriage. First is,
they have said all have a sin nature, with weaknesses to sin in particular ways and
some people express their sin nature is one way, other people express theirs in
other ways. Homosexuality is just one way in a fair and balanced way. Secondly,
Marriage is a basic human right and an individual personal choice and the State
should not interfere with same-gender couples who choose to marry. Thirdly, ending
discrimination enhances the human spirit and makes all our lives better.
To refute these three reasons why sex marriage should be legal I would say that
the truth is even though all of us have a sinful nature it does not mean we will take
advantage of the grace of God. We made by God to glorify Him and to do of His will
not to do what we wanted because more of the time what we wanted are not
suppose to do. Also, the Pro says that they have the right to be married. Yes, it is
right that marriage is a personal choice but it does not mean that you are able to be
married with your same sex and not considering the laws of God about marriage
because it is the Sacraments of Matrimony so it is sacred and Holy. The next one is
they have said that it is a discrimination part to them if it will not be allowed but not
legalizing the same sex marriage proposal does not mean gays and lesbian are
being discriminated it is just their decision is not acceptable with God and also in the
Christian country like Philippines thats why same sex marriage in the Philippines
cannot be approved or be legalized in our country. In addition, there are four other
reasons why it should not be legalized in the Philippines. First, because Gay/Lesbian
marriage violates traditions. Secondly, Gay/Lesbian couples can't produce children.
thirdly, having a mom and a dad is better for children than having two moms or two
dads and the last one is homosexual behavior is immoral and should not be
encouraged.
Same Sex Marriage is marriages compose of either same man or same
woman. There are three reasons why they have wanted Same Sex Marriage will be
legal in the Philippines.
First, all have sinned so it is their way to commit it. Secondly, Marriage is a civil
liberty. Thirdly, to end distinction and to have freedom. It should not be legal because
of three reasons. First, we should follow God because He is our Creator. Secondly,
choosing your partner in life should consider Gods will. Thirdly, you can have
freedom but you should understand that it has limitations, discipline and
responsibilities. In addition, there are other reasons why it should not be allowed. It is
a violation to our traditions. Partners are not able to have a child except if they will
adopt a child and lastly it is debauched so it should be prohibited in the Law.
Many people have their own beliefs and reasoning's when it comes to
Gay/Lesbian Marriage. God made a man and woman to join hands together and say
vows in the right way but however in some states it is a legal to get married with your
same sex. So, a man is for woman and woman is for man.






5) Tourism
Current Developments In Air And Space Law Tourism

Space tourism is tourism in which participants pay for flights into space. Space
Tourism is the term thats come to be used to mean ordinary members of the public
buying tickets to travel to space and back. Many people find this idea futuristic. But
over the past few years a growing volume of professional work has been done on the
subject, and its now clear that setting up commercial space tourism services is a
realistic target for business today.

It's a distinct category of "space travel" which also includes travel in space for work
purposes - to date, mainly by government staff. In recent years it has been observed
that, although governmental space agencies are not interested in space tourism, it is
an objective of development of space activities and will help considerably in funding
the space operations or activity.

A report published by NASA - "General Public Space Travel and Tourism" in March
1998, endorses the idea of space tourism; pointed out that it is going to start sub-
orbital flights; that it promises to be a much wider market that space launch.
Although space tourism had come up in a number of science fiction stories, it is an
astonishing fact that in almost none of them, tourism is portrayed as more than a
small-scale activity greatly overshadowed by government space missions - military
operations, scientific research, defence, etc. This is a good example of how the Cold
War pattern of space activities has paralyzed the public's imagination. That is,
government organizations carrying out monopoly "missions" in space ostensibly for
the benefit of the taxpayer and created a fixed image of what are space activities,
which has dominated the imaginations of scientists and engineers, politicians, the
media, and the general public for several decades.

The price for a flight to the International Space Station is US$ 2035 million. The
space tourists or the spaceflight participants as called by few, usually sign contracts
with third parties to conduct particular research while in orbit. This helps to minimize
the expenses.

Infrastructure is being developed for a suborbital space tourism industry through the
construction of spaceports in various parts of the world,
including California, Oklahoma, New
Mexico, Florida, Virginia, Alaska, Wisconsin and Esrange in Sweden as well as
the United Arab Emirates. Some prefer to use the term "personal spaceflight" as in
the case of the Personal Spaceflight Federation. A number of startup
companies have sprung up in recent years, hoping to create a space tourism
industry. For a list of such companies, and the spacecraft they are currently building,
see list of space tourism companies. Russia halted orbital space tourism since 2010
due to the increase in the International Space Station crew size, using the seats for
expedition crews that would be sold to paying spaceflight participants. However it is
planned to resume in 2012, when the number of single-use three-man
Soyuz launches rises to five flights in a year.

Tourism in India
There are some parts of the world that once visited get into your heart and wont let
go. For me India is such a place when I first visited, I was stunned by the richness of
the land by its lush beauty and exotic architecture by its ability to overload its senses
with the pure, concentrated intensity of its colors, smells, tastes and souls. It was as
if all my life I was seeing the world in black and white and when brought face-to-face
with India, experienced every thing rendered in brilliant Technicolor. - Keitlt Bellows
"It we were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed
with all the wealth, power and beauty that nature can bestow in some parts a very
paradise on earth. I should point to India. -Max Mueller
The most valuable assets of India as a desirable tourist destination lies in thousands
years old historical and cultural heritage. Every region, every part of lndia
encompasses culture of its own, entirely distinct in traditions, language, festil'll4
beliefs and rituals with different and unique style of living and dresses.
No country in the world comprises such distinction such diversity with a unity and
integration. This diversity may be attributed to the historical roots of developments of
each region, due to different dynasties ruled the differed regions. The develop of
different life-style, celebrations of different festivals, adopting different Ian different
dressing sense, all exit as per the norms fixed by the then ruling dynasty. region has
unique physical features, soil types and climatic conditions, so has distinct
vegetation and wild life. When all the natural beauty is mingled with culture the
resultant harmony present a unique land sparkled picture, reflecting destination in its
unique and colorful way.
One finds everything in India: exotic as well as native, the snow clad Himalayas
crowned the head in the north, enveloped all the beauty within itself, releases the
mighty rivers, Indus, Gangas, and Yamuna and their tributaries. These rivers roll
over the whole country like arteries, supplying life blood to the body of the country
and its inhabitants through out the year. The complex beauty of the desert state of
Rajasthan is found rarely in any part of the world. With Thar at its background and
vivacious sand dunes, mirages and camels, the huge and glorified palaces, forts and
Havelies, present a complex and unique beauty. The culture of Rajputs with bright
Badhani colors intricate designs and the Royal background give their sharp look
different from others. In their unique architectural style in the series of palaces are
lake palace of Udaipur, sand colored forts' in Jaisalmer, city palace of Jaipur, the
pink city of India coupled with the vibrant folk dances and folk songs make India an"
Cultural ".
The Taj Mahal at Agra, symbol of Mughal romance and faith, in its architectural
perfection and splendor attracts tourists from all over the world. Taj Mahal reflects
the Persian cultural and their architectural eminence, today counted among the
seven wonders of the world.The caves of Ajanta-Ellora. the Sun Temple of Konark.
the Temple of Khajurao and Dravidian style stone carved temples of Hoysalewara
and Ranganathswamy, the medieval glory of Qutab Minar, Red fort, Fathepur Sikri
and other forts and mausoleums with Persian architectural influence, the Victoria
place at Kolkata, beautiful and elegant churches at Goa. each and every symbolizes
the clarity of Indian culture with tremendous diversification and each has its own
attraction for the tourist.
India has witnessed many eras blooming on her soil. Each era and dynasty has left
incredible mark, on her different regions with uniqueness and distinction. From
Harappas to Mauryas, Guptas to Sultans and Mughals to Portuguese and English,
witnessed a met morph sis in each era. Different cultures with different life styles and
beliefs, intermingled. Each century brought a new culture, made its impact, kept
intact ~original identity and beliefs also, and thus a unique diversity with integration is
the present India.
The Bhool Bholaiyan at Lucknow. the mystery of shaking Minarets in the mosque
and tomb of Rajbibi in Ahmedabad, the acoustic wonders of Gol Gumbaj, the famous
GoldenTemple at Amritsar, the oldest church at Palayurin Goa,the oldest synagogue
at Mattancherry in Kochi and the oldest mosque in Eheraman Malik Manzil in
Kodungallor, also the modern Lotus Temple, the Bahami temple of worship. the
Stupa of Sanchi, Tower of Silence at Mumbai, and tallest statue of Bahubali at
Kamataka, all speakofthe glorious heritage of our country and so are the of attraction
for tourists throughout the world.
Nowhere in the world, can be found such multifaceted, most diversified culture with
rich heritage reflecting many dynasties and regimes. India is known for its unparallel
religious beliefs as well as for its vast variety of people, the animal kingdom and the
rich flora. India is a miniature world, where the tourists find the best of the west and
east coexisting in perfect harmony for centuries.
Another aspect of Indian culture can well be seen in its vibrant and colorful festivals.
India has been the birth place of many religion. The Hinduism, The Buddhism, The
Jainism, The Sikhism, The Islam and The Christianity also nourished and flourished
here well. The Desert festival, the Kite festival, Boat race festival in south India, the
Durga Pooja festival of Kolkata, Dussehera of My sore, Puri festival of Orissa,
Ganesh Chaturthi festival of Maharashtra, all are celebrated so colorful and in such a
grand manner, that reflect the wonderful observance of religious and cultural
heritage of our country.
Not only the above historical festivals, the modem festivals, like the Taj Mahotsava,
Khajurao Dance festival, Konark Dance festival, also give an opportunity of seeing all
internationally acclaimed faces of Indian classical dance and music on one
stage.Over the years we have developed the concept of eco- friendly tourism, means
that while promoting tourism in very possible manner we should not forget
importance of ecological balance. Many of the places at the foothills of the
Himalayas , have become the dumping ground of tourists. While promoting the
tourism in wild life , it must be ensured that the tourists should not become a threat to
the tranquility and ecological balance of the forests.
No doubt, India's diversified culture presents a 'paradise for tourists' but to keep it
intact, a number, of judicious and prudent policies to facilitates the tourists and
attract more and more tourists are to be framed and require to be implemented at a
fast pace. The tourists visiting India, should be enchanted not only with the rich
heritage, but they should also feel here safe, sound and welcomed.











The Reasons of Gangsterism Cases Among
Teenagers
Assalamualaikum w.b.t.
My name is Tuan Muhammad Aiman bin Tuan Sembok. Thanks to our
beloved lecturer, Encik Ashari Bin Mhd. Daud for giving me to present my speech
today. My topic is The Reasons of Gangsterism cases among Teenagers.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
First of all, gangsterism is influences by the peer group can create
gangsterism cases. As we all know, peer group plays an important role in moulding
ones characters because they will be able to lead their friends in doing something
whether to do good things or bad things. In the fact of teenagers who usually have
the urge to do something new, they will slightly done bad things without thinking of
the effects of that action in their life. Challenges from their peer group will make them
not to feel frightened anymore in doing bad things especially in school, while they are
involved themselves in gangsterism.
My Friends,
Peer group is the main reason of the gangsterism happened among
teenagers because usually teenagers tend to share their problems with their friends
rather than discussing it with their family. For them, only their friends will understand
better their feelings so, whatever their friends do, they will follow it eventhough they
realize it is a wrong action.
Another reason leads to gangsterism is the teenagers nowadays are always
lack of parental love from their parents who are busy twenty-four hours to find money
until they do not realize that their children are neglected by them. They also do not
play their role as parents who are the people that are responsible to provide their
children with a good spiritual and moral background.
Besides that, the environment of the teenagers will also create gangsterism to
be happened. Teenagers who have a good environment such as the conducive
environment in their home will be able to keep a distance with this social problem,
while teenagers who have bad environment will involved themselves in gangsterism
easily because only this way, they will feel more released. Why Im saying like this?
Broken family background always creates a bad environment right? So, it is parents
responsibilities to prevent their marriage problem become one of the main reasons
why their children involved themselves in gangsterism.
Furthermore, the fourth reason why teenagers involved themselves in
gangsterism is because mass medias influences. Of course in the television, there
are so many advertisements, films or dramas, even cartoons always publish for
everyone. The violent action in those things will influence the teenagers to follow
whatever action played by the author. Last but not least, the reason of gangsterism
cases among teenagers might be also because there are no specific rules and strict
enforcement from the authorities. The teenagers seem like do not have any feeling
of frighten to do gangsterism because they know the rules and strict enforcement are
not exist anymore to punish them when do something wrong especially in
gangsterism cases.
For conclusion, gangsterism is a big sosial problem to the teenagers today.
Who should we blame on this issues? I end my speech with this question. Thanks for
lending your ear.
Thank you.























Reflection


In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Ever Merciful,finally,I had
complete the this Literature in English coursework . This assaignment is very
challenge and taught me the meaning of patience because I had spend a lot of time
to do this work. Besides that, It also taught me the very important values during finish
this coursework. I have repented and do not want to repeat my bad behaviour. For
Task 1 Sub Task A,I had team up with my friend ,Amin. It is easy to us to work
together because Amin is my roommate. We use the free time we had to discuss
more about the Task 1 Sub Task A . After that, Task 2 Sub Task a required me to
team up with my classmate, Luqman and Izriq . Izriq give me more explanation about
the newspaper because I not understand what must to do on Task 2 Sub Task a. I
really bless to ALLAH because my group members very helpful and they are not
stingy to share their knowledge with me while even ready to facilitate my work. I
have been using the Internet to do the coursework and to find important
information.Now ,I know that internet is very important to IPG students to finish our
works.In my future, I hope to carry all of the skills I have acquired during to finish the
coursework. I think that they will be very helpful to me, regardless of what I am trying
to accomplish. . The responsibility I have gained during this experience is incredible
and has taught me to be a much more organized person. During this semester 1 was
faced with deadlines, rules and assignments that I could not work around.After finish
the cousework, I think i should focus to my study for exam.insyaALLAH.








REFERENCE

http://viewourperspective.blogspot.com/2010/10/reasons-of-gangsterism-cases-among.html
http://www.preservearticles.com/
http://www.ukessays.com/
https://sites.google.com/site/cardiovascularbiotech/home
http://thenextweb.com/
http://babysugar14.blogspot.com/2013/03/same-sex-marriage.html