KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ODLM ASSIGNMENT
COURSE CODE: BUSS: 220

COURSE TITLE:

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNMENT:

2007/2008 3RD TRIMESTER

INSTRUCTOR:

STUDENTS NAME:

ALICE W. N OROGE

REG. NO.:

BUSS !"!0#$"2/2007

A%%&'()*(+ 1). Discuss the current issues for hum n resources m n !ement n" #oint out the ch $$en!es to the hum n resources m n !ement. %1& m r's) A(%,*(h n!es re occurrin! to" ) th t re re*uirin! hum n resource m n !ers to #$ ) n incre sin!$) centr $ ro$e in m n !in! com# nies. The fo$$o+in! re current issues for hum n resource n" ch $$en!es to the hum n resource m n !ement, &. G./01.&21+&/( +-*(3% To" )- there is ten"enc) of firms to e.ten" their s $es- o+nershi# n" m nuf cturin! to ne+ m r'ets /ro "- for e. m#$e Son)- Ni'e- To)ot etc. C41..*('*% +/ +4* 45)1( -*%/5-6* )1(1'*)*(+ More !$o/ $i0 tion me ns more com#etition- n" more com#etition me ns more #ressure to /e 1+or$" c$ ss2- to $o+er costs n" to m 'e em#$o)ee more #ro"ucti3e. The hum n resource m n !ement is therefore re*uire" to recruit $ /our force th t is s'i$$e" n" )et not too e.#ensi3e. &&. T*64(/./'&61. +-*(3% Ver) fe+ #eo#$e re "oin! /usiness to" ) the + ) the) use" to "o it s ) fi3e )e rs !o. The Internet h s !re t$) ch n!e" the + ) /usiness i" "one- for e. m#$e contro$$in! stoc' /) $in'in! su##$ier n" customers. Soft+ re $i'e the Hum n Resource Inform tion S)stem %HRIS) me ns th t hum n resource #rofession $s re seein! im#ro3ement in res#onse time n" efficienc). C41..*('*% +/ +4* 45)1( -*%/5-6* )1(1'*)*(+ The hum n resource m n !ement is f ce" +ith the ch $$en!e tr inin! the e.istin! em#$o)ees on the ne+ s'i$$s re*uire" +ith the ne+ techno$o!) s +e$$ s recruitin! em#$o)ees +ho re s'i$$e" in the ne+ techno$o!). This is ch $$en!e

s the hum n resource m n !ement +i$$ h 3e to /e u# to " te +ith the $ test techno$o!) in the m r'et in or"er to rem in com#etiti3e. &&&. T-*(3% &( +4* (1+5-* /7 ,/-8 Techno$o!) h s h " hu!e im# ct on ho+ #eo#$e +or'- n" on the s'i$$s n" tr inin! to" )s +or'ers nee". This is s fo$$o+s, H&'4"+*64 9/0%" in to" )2s in"ustries- 'no+$e"!e intensi3e hi!h tech m nuf cturin! in such in"ustries s eros# cecom#uters#h rm ceutic $s etc re re#$ cin! f ctor) 4o/s in stee$- uto ru//er n" te.ti$e in"ustries. 5or e. m#$e- t)#in! comm n" into com#uteri0e" m chine h s re#$ ce m nu $ m chinist +ho use" to contro$ m chines. S*-:&6* 9/0%" techno$o!) me ns th t to" )- m nuf cturers re /$e to #ro"uce more +ith fe+er +or'ers. The internet h s $e" to "e3e$o#ment such s 6ust 7in 7time m nuf cturin! throu!h inter!r tin! customers +ith m nuf cturin! thus re"ucin! + ste n" in3entor) nee". This tren" h s me nt th t there re more +or'ers em#$o)e" in "e$i3erin! ser3ices th n in #ro"ucts. ;(/,.*3'* ,/-8 1(3 45)1( 61<&+1." in !ener $- the /est 4o/s th t rem in re*uire more e"uc tion n" more s'i$$s. This h s $e" to more em#h ses on 'no+$e"!e +or'ers n" therefore on hum n c #it $. C41..*('*% +/ +4* 45)1( -*%/5-6* )1(1'*)*(+ 8ec use it is the hum n resource function th t recruits- se$ects- tr ins- n" com#ens tes em#$o)ees- ch n!es $i'e these m 'e em#$o)ers hi!h$) re$i nt on effecti3e hum n resource m n !ement. To" )2s em#$o)ers nee" more so#histic te" hum n resource m n !ement se$ection- tr inin!- # )em#$o)ees f irness #r ctices th n "i" their #re"ecessors. &:. W/-87/-6* 3*)/'-1<4&6 +-*(3% n"

In the +est- $ /our force !ro+th is not e.#ecte" to 'ee# # ce +ith 4o/ !ro+th. The $ /our force is !ettin! o$"er thus in the ne r futureis e.#ecte". C41..*('*% +/ +4* 45)1( -*%/5-6* )1(1'*)*(+ This +i$$ m 'e fin"in! n" hirin! !oo" em#$o)ees more of n" re9e. mine em#$o)ee /enefits. :. I(6-*1%&(' 65.+5-1. 3&:*-%&+= 1+ ,/-8 Due to !$o/ $i0 tion n" more f$e.i/$e mo3ement of hum n c #it $- to" )2s +or'force is 3er) "i3ersifie" +ith #eo#$e of "ifferent ethnicities +or'in! to!ether. C41..*('*% +/ +4* 45)1( -*%/5-6* )1(1'*)*(+ The hum n resource m n !ement is f ce" +ith the t s' of te m /ui$"in! in3o$3in! #eo#$e +ho mi!ht h 3e 3er) "ifferent out$oo' in $ife. The m n !ement +i$$ h 3e to ensure th t the tmos#here t +or' is f ir free of "iscrimin tion n" into$er nce. It mi!ht $so /ecome necess r) to ho$" tr inin! on "i3ersit). It mi!ht $so necessit te recruitin! #eo#$e +ho re f$uent in "ifferent $ n!u !es. :&. C/)<.&1(6* +/ R*'5.1+&/(% E ch countr) h s its o+n re!u$ tion +ith re! r" to #ersonne$ #o$icies must /e f mi$i r +ith the re!u$ tions in ne+ countries the) 3enture into. C41..*('*% +/ +4* 45)1( -*%/5-6* )1(1'*)*(+ A com# n) mi!ht h 3e /r nches in 3er) m n) countries +hich +i$$ m 'e it 3er) time consumin! for the hum n resource m n !ement to f mi$i ri0e its se$f +ith e ch countr)2s re!u$ tions. A$so- +hen em#$o)ees re tr nsferre" to ne+ n" recor"s- em#$o)ment $ +s- issues of ethics etc. The hum n resource m n !ement ch $$en!e. The hum n resource m n !ement +i$$ h 3e to rethin' ttitu"es to+ r"s o$"er +or'ers r n!e of est /$ishe" #r ctises from retirement ru$es to se3ere $ /our short !e

/r nches- it is

ch $$en!e to "etermine +hether the) shou$" /e tre te" ccor"in!

to the re!u$ tion in the ne+ countr) or the re!u$ tion of their countr) of ori!in. :&&. E(%5-&(' S17* W/-8 E(:&-/()*(+% The hum n resource m n !ement h 3e to "e $ +ith issues $i'e "e $in! +ith "ru!s in the +or' #$ ce- "e $in! +ith HIV: AIDS in the +or'#$ ce- s fet) in the +or' #$ ce etc. C41..*('*% +/ +4* 45)1( -*%/5-6* )1(1'*)*(+ ;ro!r mmes such s reh /i$it tion- free "ru!s for infecte" #eo#$e etc. mi!ht /e 3er) cost$) for the com# n). A$so the hum n resource m n !ement h 3e to ensure th t there is no "iscrimin tion n" sti!m ti0 tions in the com# n) es#eci $$) for #eo#$e infecte" or ffecte" /) HIV:AIDS. :&&&. S5%+1&(&(' H&'4"P*-7/-)&(' E)<./=**% 5ree mo3ement of hum n resources h s incre se" com#etition for hi!h #erformin! em#$o)ees +ith m n) he " huntin! or! ni0 tion comin! u#. Hum n resource m n !ement h 3e to come u# +ith + )s to sust in these em#$o)ees. C41..*('*% +/ +4* 45)1( -*%/5-6* )1(1'*)*(+ Sust inin! hi!h #erformin! em#$o)ees mi!ht re*uire hi!h costs in terms of !i3in! com#etiti3e s $ ries n" other incenti3es.

<).Descri/e the #rocess of m n#o+er #$ nnin! n" 3i3i"$) "iscuss the #rocess of recruitment. %1& m r's) A(%,*M1(</,*- <.1((&(' m ) /e "efine" s the #rocess of "e3e$o#in! n" "eterminin! o/4ecti3es n" #o$icies of #rocurement in re$ tion to m n#o+er- /) +hich the m n !ement ensures th t the ri!ht num/er n" the ri!ht 'in" of #eo#$e re t the ri!ht

#$ ce n" time n" re "oin! the ri!ht thin!s for the chie3ement of or! nis tion $ o/4ecti3es. It is the #rocess /) +hich M n !ement "etermines ho+ the m n !ement shou$" mo3e from its current m n#o+er to its "esire" m n#o+er uti$i0 tion.

The #rocess of m n#o+er #$ nnin! is s fo$$o+s, i. E. mine the current situ tion9 /efore n) m n#o+er #$ nnin!- m 'in! n In3entor) of #resent m n#o+er resources n" fin"in! out the e.tent to +hich these m n#o+er=s re em#$o)e" o#tim $$) is im#ort nt. This is to est /$ish +hether the current +or' force is enou!h thus m int in it s it is- or +hether there is nee" to e.# n" intern $$) or e.tern $$). ii. ;$ n n" ssess future o/4ecti3es9 this +i$$ /e "one throu!h s)stem tic $$) forec stin! the future "em n" n" su##$) for em#$o)ees n" the "e#$o)ment of their s'i$$s +ithin the str te!ic o/4ecti3es of the or! ni0 tion iii. i3. 3. Or! ni0 tion9 this in3o$3es /re 'in! "o+n o/4ecti3es into #osts or #osition th t c n /e fi$$e". I"entif) #recise re*uirements9 "uties n" res#onsi/i$ities of e ch #ost th t )ou h 3e cre te". ;$ n the su##$)9 this in3o$3es ssessin! the s'i$$s of the #resent m n#o+er so s to /u"!et or #$ n for ""ition $ s'i$$s- effecti3e uti$i0 tion of current n" #ros#ecti3e +or'force mem/ers. 3i. ( reer re*uirement must /e note" in or"er to m tch st ff e.#ect tions +ith the !o $s n" o/4ecti3es of the or! nis tion. St !es of recruitment i. ii. iii. Dec$ r tion of 3 c nc) M n #o+er #$ nnin! 6o/ n $)sis Job Analysis / job design - Management must define what
work to be performed, how tasks to be carried out and allocated into

manageable

work

units

(jobs)

i3.

6o/ "escri#tion Job description

job specification! "t refers to incumbent

where a job specification with regard to #ualification and e$perience

3. 3i. 3ii. 3iii. i.. .. .i.

;re# r tion of 4o/ s#ecific tion A"3ertisin! the #osition Recei3e ##$ic tion Sortin!: short$istin! the c n"i" tes Ho$"in! inter3ie+s M 'e 4o/ offer in"uction

R*6-5&+)*(+ A6+&:&+&*% I"entif) 3 c nc) ;re# re 4o/ "escri#tion n" #erson s#ecific tion A"3ertise M n !in! the res#onse Short9$istin! Visits References Arr n!e inter3ie+s (on"uct the inter3ie+

Decision m 'in! (on3e) the "ecision A##ointment ction

P-/6*%% >*3&+? S/5-6&(' Sourcin! in3o$3es 1) "3ertisin!common # rt of the recruitin! #rocess- often s the Internet- !ener $ ne+s# #ers- 4o/ "

encom# ssin! mu$ti#$e me"i - such !r "u te recruitment #ro!r ms>

ne+s# #ers- #rofession $ #u/$ic tions- +in"o+ "3ertisements- 4o/ centers- n" c m#us n" <) recruitin! rese rch- +hich is the #ro cti3e n" other i"entific tion of re$e3 nt t $ent +ho m ) not res#on" to 4o/ #ostin!s #ros#ects- $so c $$e" n me9!ener tion- resu$ts in

recruitment "3ertisin! metho"s "one in ?1. This initi $ rese rch for so9c $$e" # ssi3e $ist of #ros#ects +ho c n then /e cont cte" to so$icit interest- o/t in resume:(V- n" /e screene" %see /e$o+). >*3&+? S6-**(&(' 1(3 %*.*6+&/( Suit /i$it) for t)#in!4o/ is t)#ic $$) ssesse" /) $oo'in! for s'i$$s- e.!. communic tion-

n" com#uter s'i$$s. @u $ific tions m ) /e sho+n throu!h rAsumAs- 4o/

##$ic tions- inter3ie+s- e"uc tion $ or #rofession $ e.#erience- the testimon) of references- or in9house testin!- such s for soft+ re 'no+$e"!e- t)#in! s'i$$s- numer c)n" $iter c)- throu!h #s)cho$o!ic $ tests or em#$o)ment testin!. In some countriesem#$o)ers re $e! $$) m n" te" to #ro3i"e e*u $ o##ortunit) in hirin!. 8usiness

m n !ement soft+ re is use" /) m n) recruitment !encies to utom te the testin! #rocess.

R*6-5&+)*(+ <-/6*%% The B Ste#s to C $s $$ (ounci$=s recruitment #rocess, 1. A 3 c nc) rises. Sometimes this is "ue to the cre tion of retirin!. <. The 4o/ "escri#tion is u#" te" n" n em#$o)ee s#ecific tion is +ritten. The 4o/ "escri#tion $ists the "uties of the 4o/ +hi$st the em#$o)ee s#ecific tion !i3es "et i$s of the e.#erience- s'i$$s n" /i$ities nee"e" to c rr) out the 4o/. D. A 3 c nc) "3ertisement is +ritten n" is circu$ te" 3i C $s $$ (ounci$=s +ee'$) /u$$etin- 6o/ Sho# Cee'$). Other me"i c n /e use" inc$u"in! ne+s# #ersinternet recruitment sites- s#eci $ist #u/$ic tions n" the Em#$o)ment Ser3ice. E. A##$ic tion forms re sent out $on! +ith co#ies of the 4o/ "escri#tion n" em#$o)ee s#ecific tion n" must /e returne" on or /efore the c$osin! " te th t h s /een set. Vie+ our ##$)in! for 4o/s # !e for further inform tion. F. A short$ist is com#i$e" of ##$ic nts +ho re !oin! to /e in3ite" to tten" for inter3ie+. This is "one /) the recruitment # ne$ +ho com# re e ch ##$ic tion form +ith the re*uirements of the em#$o)ee s#ecific tion. 5ee"/ c' c n /e #ro3i"e" %u#on re*uest) to those not short$iste" n" ##$ic nts h 3e the ri!ht to com#$ in if the) fee$ the) h 3e /een unf ir$) tre te". G. Inter3ie+s re he$". The # ne$ +i$$ use the s me set of *uestions +ith e ch inter3ie+ee. The inter3ie+ m ) inc$u"e se$ection test. 5ee"/ c' c n /e #ro3i"e" %u#on re*uest) n" unsuccessfu$ ##$ic nts h 3e the ri!ht to com#$ in if the) fee$ the) h 3e /een unf ir$) tre te". Vie+ our inter3ie+s # !e for further inform tion. ne+ 4o/- on other

occ sions it m ) /e /ec use n e.istin! mem/er of st ff h s /een #romote" or is

H. References +i$$ /e re*ueste". The successfu$ ##$ic nt for 4o/s +or'in! in cert in re s- inc$u"in! +or'in! +ith chi$"ren or 3u$ner /$e "u$ts- +i$$ /e s'e" to ##$) for crimin $ "isc$osure chec' throu!h the (rimin $ Recor"s 8ure u %(R8). B. A##oint the successfu$ c n"i" te n" rr n!e in"uction tr inin!.

A 8ritish Arm) etc. recruitment centre in O.for". >*3&+? O(0/1-3&(' IOn/o r"in!I is s$ n! term +hich "escri/es the intro"uction #rocess. A +e$$9#$ nne" n" is often

intro"uction he$#s ne+ em#$o)ees /ecome fu$$) o#er tion $ *uic'$) inte!r te" +ith the recruitment #rocess. R*6-5&+)*(+ P-/6*%%

R*6-5&+)*(+ H/)* J Recruitment ;rocess The recruitment n" se$ection is the m 4or function of the hum n resource "e# rtment n" recruitment #rocess is the first ste# to+ r"s cre tin! the com#etiti3e stren!th n" the str te!ic "3 nt !e for the or! nis tions. Recruitment #rocess in3o$3es s)stem tic #roce"ure from n" re*uires sourcin! the c n"i" tes to rr n!in! n" con"uctin! the inter3ie+s m n) resources n" time. A !ener $

recruitment #rocess is s fo$$o+s,

I3*(+&7=&('

+4*

:161(6=:

The recruitment #rocess /e!ins +ith the hum n resource "e# rtment recei3in! re*uisitions for recruitment from "e# rtment cont in, L L L ;osts Num/er Duties to to of /e /e fi$$e" #ersons #erforme" of the com# n). n) These

L @u $ific tions re*uire"

;re# rin! the 4o/ "escri#tion n" #erson s#ecific tion. Moc tin! n" "e3e$o#in! the sources of re*uire" num/er n" t)#e of

em#$o)ees %A"3ertisin! etc).

Short9$istin! ch r cteristics.

n" i"entif)in! the #ros#ecti3e em#$o)ee +ith re*uire"

Arr n!in! the inter3ie+s +ith the se$ecte" c n"i" tes. (on"uctin! the inter3ie+ n" "ecision m 'in!

1. I"entif) 3 c nc) <. ;re# re 4o/ "escri#tion n" #erson s#ecific tion D. A"3ertisin! the 3 c nc) E. M n !in! the res#onse F. Short9$istin! G. Arr n!e inter3ie+s

H. (on"uctin! inter3ie+ n" "ecision m 'in! The recruitment #rocess is imme"i te$) fo$$o+e" /) the se$ection #rocess i.e. the fin $ inter3ie+s n" the "ecision m 'in!- con3e)in! the "ecision n" the ##ointment form $ities.

D).M n !ement "e3e$o#ment is s)stem tic #rocess of tr inin! n" !ro+th /) +hich m n !eri $ st ff ! in n" su##$) s'i$$s- 'no+$e"!e n" insi!hts to m n !e the +or' to their or! ni0 tions efficient$) n" effecti3e$). In the ri!ht of this st tementDiscuss the nee" for m n !ement "e3e$o#ment n" the m n !ement "e3e$o#ment conce#ts %1& m r's). A(%,*M1(1'*)*(+ D*:*./<)*(+ is /est "escri/e" s the #rocess from +hich m n !ers $e rn n" im#ro3e their s'i$$s not on$) to /enefit themse$3es /ut $so their em#$o)in! or! nis tions. the m n !ement "e3e$o#ment #rocess consists of, Assesin! the cm# n)2s str te!ic nee"s for e. m#$e nee" to fi$$ in future e.ecuti3e o#enin!s A##r isin! m n !er2s current #erform nce De3e$o#in!the m n !ers or future m n !ers. The re son +h) or! nis tions re c rr)in! out m n !ement "e3e$o#ment inc$u"es, i. The incre sin! use of com#uters

ii.

E"uc tion e.ten"s into "u$t $ife. Mife$on! $e rnin! /ecomes e"uc tion nee"s for "u$ts.

necessit)

n" e"uc tion $ institution n" enter#rises must reco!ni0e the s#eci $ iii. The #ro#ortion of 'no+$e"!e +or'ers +i$$ incre se n" the nee" for s'i$$ +or'ers +i$$ "ecre se +hich m ) re*uire more tr inin! in 'no+$e"!econce#tu $ n" "esi!n s'i$$s. i3. 3. 3i. 3ii. The shift from m nuf cturin! to ser3ice in"ustr) re*uires retr inin! in #re# r tion for the ne+ #ositions. The choice of e"uc tion $ o##ortunities +i$$ incre se. 5or e. m#$e m n) com# nies re $re ") con"uctin! their o+n tr inin! #ro!r ms. There m ) /e !re ter coo#er tion n" inter"e#en"ence /et+een the #u/$ic n" #ri3 te sector Intern tion $i0 tion +i$$ continue n" m n !ers in "ifferent countries must $e rn to communic te n" " #t to e ch other. (om# nies nee" to tr in +ith !$o/ $ #ers#ecti3e. 3iii. in3estment in )1(1'*)*(+ 3*:*./<)*(+ c n h 3e /enefit to the or! nis tion. There re se3er $ ##roches to m ne! ri $ "e3e$o#ment. This inc$u"es, i. ii. iii. i3. 4o/ rot tion9 this is (o chin!9 +here m n !ement tr inin! techni*ue th t in3o$3es mo3in! senior m n !er or i+t!h the tr inee from "e# rtmrnt to "e# rtment to /ro "en his: her e.#erience. tr inee +or's "irect$) un"er #erson to /e re#$ ce" /) him: her. Action $e rnin!9 this is +here m n !ement tr inees re $$o+e" to +or' fu$$ time n $)0in! n" so$3in! #ro/$ems in other "e# rtments. ( se stu") metho"9 here- the tr inee is #resennte" +ith +ritten "escri#tion of n or! nis tions #ro/$em 3. Outsi"e semin rs9 there n" #resent his: her fin"in!s n" su$utions in n" "iscussion +ith other tr inees. re m n) m n !ement "e3e$o#ment seminors conferences /ein! offere" /) 3 rious firms es#eci $$) consu$t nc) firms +hich m n !ement tr inees c n tten". "irect economic

3i.

Uni3ersit) re$ te" #ro!r ms9 m n) uni3ersities #ro3i"e e.ecuti3e e"uc tion n" continuin! e"uc tion #ro!r ms in $e "ershi#- su#er3ision etc. some re e3en 3 i$ /$e on$ine.

3ii. 3iii.

Ro$e #$ )in!9 the im of ro$e #$ )in! is tss cre te

re $istic situ tion n" then

h 3e the tr inees ssume the ro$es of s#ecific #erson in th t situ tion. 8eh 3iour mo"e$$in!9 this in3o$3e sho+in! the tr inees the ri!ht + ) of "oin! somethin!- then $ettin! the tr inees #r ctice th t + ) n" then!i3in! fee"/ c' on the tr inees #erform nce. i.. (or#or te uni3ersitoes9 some /i! firms h 3e in house "e3e$o#ment centers refere" to s cor#or te uni3ersities +hich offer .. c te$o!iue of courses n" s#eci $ #ro!r ms ime" t su##ortin! the em#$o)er2s m n !ement "e3e$o#ment nee"s. E.ecuti3e co ch9 m n) firms use e.ecuti3e co ches to "e3e$o# their to# m n !er effecti3eness. This in3o$3es the e.ecuti3e2s n outsi"e consu$t nt +ho *uestions the n" ssoci tes in or"er to i"entif) th4e e.ecuti3e2s stren!ths

+e 'nesses- n" then conse$s the e.ecuti3e so he: she c n c #it $i0e on those stret!hs n" o3ercome the +e 'nesses. E). Discuss in "et i$s the #rocess of co$$ecti3e / r! inin! citin! the re*uirements for co$$ecti3e n" f ctors th t inhi/it co$$ecti3e / r! inin!. %1&m r's) A(%,*(o$$ecti3e / r! inin! is the #rocess throu!h m n !ement n" the union meet to ne!oti te +hich $ /our re#resent ti3e of the !reement.. it is the

#erform nce of mutu $ o/$i! tion of the em#$o)er n" the re#resent ti3e of the em#$o)ees to meet t re son /$e times n" confer in !oo" f ith +ith res#ect to + !es+or'in! hours- +or' con"itions etc. "oes not com#e$ either # rt) to !ree to continuous #rocess. n" the e.ecution of #ro#os $ or to m 'e +ritten contr ct concession. It is incor#or tin! n) !reement re che" if re*ueste" /) either # rt)- /ut such o/$i! tion

In Ken) - the In"ustri $ re$ tions (h rter 1NG< forme" the / sis for co$$ecti3e / r! inin! #rocess in Ken) . T4* 6/..*6+&:* 01-'1&(&(' <-/6*%% i. The #rocess /e!ins +ith /oth the +or'ers union n" m n !ement sen"in! ne!oti tin! te m to the / r! inin! t /$e. 8oth the te ms +i$$ h 3e conferre" +ith their mem/ers %union mem/ers n" m n !ement) /out their + nts n" n) other issues the) +ou$" $i'e r ise". In #re# r tion for ne!oti tion- the m n !ement com#$ies " t on # ) n" /enefits th t inc$u"e com# rison +ith in"ustr) r tes. The m n !ement +i$$ $so cost the current $ /our contr ct n" "etermine the incre se" cost risin! from union "em n"s. It +i$$ use inform tion such s e rnin!s n" fee" / c' from su#er3isors to counter "em n"s m "e /) the union. ii. E ch si"e +i$$ then #resent their "em n"s. The t+o si"es +i$$ most $i'e$) /e *uiet f r # rt on some issues- +ith unions m 'in! heft) "em n"s n" m n !ement not re ") to !ree to them. iii. i3. 3. The # rties +i$$ then re"uce their "em n" +ith e ch si"e tr "in! off some of its "em n"s to ! in others. Then- the # rties form 4oint su/9committees to tr) to +or' out re son /$e $tern ti3es. The # rties then re ch n inform $ sett$ement- n" e ch !rou# !oes / c' to its s#onsor. The union re#resent ti3es chec' inform $$) +ith their su#eriors n" the union mem/ers. M n !ement re#resent ti3es chec' +ith to# m n !ement. 3i. Once e3er)thin! is in or"er- the # rties fin $i0e n" si!n form $ !reement. S/)* 716+/-% +41+ &(4&0&+ 6/..*6+&:* 01-'1&(&(' &(6.53*%: i. Surf ce / r! inin!9 !oin! throu!h the motions of / r! inin! +ithout n) intention of com#$etin! form $ !reement.

ii. iii. i3. 3. 3i. 3ii. 3iii. i..

In "e*u te concession9 un+i$$in!ness to com#romise e3en thou!h no one is re*uire" to m 'e concession. In "e*u te #ro#os $s n" "em n"s9 Di$ tor) t ctics9 refus $ tomeet +ith union Im#osin! con"itions th t re onerous or unre son /$e M 'in! uni$ ter $ ch n!es in con"itions is stron! in"ic tor th t the em#$o)er is not / r! inin! +ith the re*uire" intent of re chin! n !reement. 8)# ssin! re#resent ti3es9 (ommitin! unf ir $ /our #r ctices "urin! ne!oti tions9 this ref$ect #oor$) on the !ui$t) # rt). Cithho$"in! inform tion9 issues r ise" in / r! inin!. n em#$o)er must su##$) the union +ith inform tion u#on re*uest- to en /$e it to un"erst n" n" inte$$i!ent$) "iscuss

..

I!norin! / r! inin! items9 refus $ to / r! in onm n" tor) item or insistence on #ermissi3e item.

Note, ($ rit) of e.#ression is re*uire" n" use of re$e3 nt e. m#$es is encour !e".

(once#ts

R*7*-*(6*%
Dess$er O. % <&&B) Hum n Resource M n !ement- ;rentice H $$- Ne+ 6erse) Koont0 H.- Ceihrich H. % 1NBD) M n !ement- Nth e"ition- McOr +9Hi$$ Duenin! T. I3 nce3ich 6. % <&&D) M n !in! Or! ni0 tions- Atomic Do! ;u/$ishin!(incin ti D 3is K. % 1NBH) HUMAN 8EHAVIOR AT CORK, Or! ni0 tion $ 8eh 3ior- Oro$ier Incor#or te" ( sci C. % <&&G) M n !in! Hum n Resources- Hth e"ition- McOr +9Hi$$- Ne+ Yor'